Method and device for simulating corona discharge for precisely adjusting water amount and flow direction on wire surface

Abstract

This application discloses a method and apparatus for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor. This application can obtain the rainfall direction corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated; determine the target rotation angle parameter based on the rainfall direction; control the water injection component to inject water into the inner cavity of a hollow conductor through a hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state; when the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor is detected to meet a preset full water threshold, based on the target rotation angle parameter, control the rotation drive mechanism to drive the hollow conductor to rotate around its axis; under the condition of applying an experimental voltage from a high-voltage power supply, collect corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of the hollow conductor. Therefore, this application can accurately reproduce the water film distribution corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, achieving high-precision and repeatable acquisition of corona discharge characteristic data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high voltage engineering technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of conductors. Background Technology

[0002] Corona discharge is a localized, non-penetrating gas discharge phenomenon that occurs around high-voltage conductors. It typically occurs in areas where the electric field strength on the conductor surface is high but has not yet reached the air breakdown threshold. In high-voltage transmission systems, corona discharge not only causes continuous active power loss but also generates audible noise, radio interference, and reactive substances such as ozone, affecting the efficiency of the power grid and the surrounding electromagnetic environment.

[0003] In the laboratory, to study the corona discharge characteristics of conductors under wet and polluted weather conditions such as rain and fog, it is usually necessary to form an artificial water film on the conductor surface to simulate the adhesion state of natural rainfall. However, existing methods generally use spraying, dripping, or overall immersion, which makes it difficult to precisely control the water volume, and the water flow direction is uncontrollable and the water film distribution is uneven, resulting in a lack of consistency in experimental conditions. Especially in complex weather scenarios with changing wind direction, traditional methods cannot reproduce the true adhesion location and corresponding wetness of rainwater on the conductor cross-section, resulting in highly discrete and low repeatability of corona discharge experimental results, making it difficult to obtain corona discharge characteristic data that accurately correspond to actual weather conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor. It can accurately reproduce the water film distribution corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of a hollow conductor, and achieve high-precision and repeatable acquisition of corona discharge characteristic data.

[0005] This application provides a method for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on a conductor surface to simulate corona discharge. It is applicable to the system control component in a corona discharge simulation system. The system control component connects a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one end of a hollow conductor via a hollow insulating tube. The hollow insulating tube communicates with the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor. The other end of the hollow conductor is connected to a high-voltage power supply. Multiple openings are provided axially on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, and these openings are located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor. The method includes:

[0006] Obtain the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated;

[0007] Determine the target rotation angle parameters based on the direction of rainfall;

[0008] The water injection component controls the injection of water into the hollow conductor's inner cavity through a hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and remains full of water;

[0009] When the water level in the hollow conductor cavity is detected to meet the preset full water threshold, the rotation drive mechanism is controlled to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis based on the target rotation angle parameter, so that multiple openings face the target angle and directional water discharge, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0010] Under the condition of applying experimental voltage from a high-voltage power supply, corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions are collected.

[0011] This application embodiment also provides a corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor. It is applicable to the system control component of a corona discharge simulation system. The system control component connects a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one end of a hollow conductor via a hollow insulating tube. The hollow insulating tube communicates with the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor. The other end of the hollow conductor is connected to a high-voltage power supply. Multiple openings are provided axially on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, and these openings are located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor. The device includes:

[0012] The acquisition unit is used to acquire the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated;

[0013] The parameter determination unit is used to determine the target rotation angle parameters based on the direction of rainfall.

[0014] The water injection control unit is used to control the water injection assembly to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state.

[0015] The rotation control unit is used to control the rotation drive mechanism to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis based on the target rotation angle parameter when the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor is detected to meet the preset full water threshold. This causes multiple openings to face the target angle and directionally discharge water, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0016] The corona acquisition unit is used to acquire corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of a hollow conductor under simulated meteorological conditions, under the condition that the experimental voltage is applied by a high-voltage power supply.

[0017] This application also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, the memory storing multiple instructions; the processor loads instructions from the memory to execute steps in any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor provided in this application.

[0018] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing multiple instructions adapted for loading by a processor to execute steps in any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor provided in this application.

[0019] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps in any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor provided in this application.

[0020] This application embodiment can be applied to the system control component of a corona discharge simulation system. The system control component connects a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one end of a hollow conductor through a hollow insulating tube. The hollow insulating tube is connected to the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor. The other end of the hollow conductor is connected to a high-voltage power supply. Multiple openings are provided along the axial direction on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, and the multiple openings are located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor. The method includes: obtaining the rainfall direction corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated; determining the target rotation angle parameter based on the rainfall direction; controlling the water injection component to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state; when it is detected that the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor meets the preset full water threshold, based on the target rotation angle parameter, controlling the rotary drive mechanism to drive the hollow conductor to rotate around its axis, so that the multiple openings face the target angle and directionally discharge water, so as to form a water film distribution corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of the hollow conductor; under the condition of applying an experimental voltage by the high-voltage power supply, collecting the corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0021] In this application, after acquiring the rainfall direction corresponding to the simulated meteorological conditions, the system control component first determines the target rotation angle parameter of the hollow conductor based on the rainfall direction. Simultaneously, it controls the water injection component to inject water into the hollow conductor's inner cavity through a hollow insulating tube until the water level reaches a preset full-water threshold and is maintained in a full-water state. In this state, the water inflow into the hollow conductor and the total outflow from multiple openings can maintain a dynamic balance, and the total outflow equals the injection speed. Therefore, by adjusting the injection speed, precise control of the water volume on the conductor's outer surface can be achieved. When the water level in the hollow conductor's inner cavity meets the preset full-water threshold, the system control component, based on the target rotation angle parameter, controls the rotation drive mechanism to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis, causing the multiple openings to face the target angle corresponding to the rainfall direction, achieving directional water outflow. This accurately reproduces the water film distribution matching the simulated meteorological conditions on the outer surface of the hollow conductor. Based on this, when the high-voltage power supply applies the experimental voltage, the corona discharge characteristic data of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions can be accurately collected, achieving high-precision and repeatable acquisition of corona discharge characteristic data. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of a scenario illustrating the corona discharge simulation method for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the corona discharge simulation system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hollow conductor provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] This application provides a method and apparatus for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor.

[0029] Specifically, the corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the conductor surface can be integrated into an electronic device, such as a terminal or server. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet, smart Bluetooth device, laptop, or personal computer (PC); the server can be a single server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers.

[0030] The following sections provide detailed descriptions of each example. It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the following embodiments are not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments.

[0031] In this embodiment, a method for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor is provided. This method is applicable to the system control component in a corona discharge simulation system. The system control component connects a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component. The rotary drive mechanism is connected to one end of a hollow conductor via a hollow insulating tube. The hollow insulating tube communicates with the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor. The other end of the hollow conductor is connected to a high-voltage power supply. Multiple openings are provided axially on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, and these openings are located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor. Figure 1a The specific process of this method for simulating corona discharge by precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the conductor surface can be described as follows:

[0032] The corona discharge simulation system refers to the experimental apparatus and control system used to reproduce the wet surface state of high-voltage conductors under specific meteorological conditions (such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature) in a laboratory environment, and to apply high voltage to study their corona discharge characteristics. This corona discharge simulation system includes system control components, a rotary drive mechanism, a water injection component, a hollow insulating tube, hollow conductors, a high-voltage power supply, and a data acquisition unit.

[0033] The system control component refers to the central control unit of the corona discharge simulation system. It receives the meteorological conditions to be simulated, coordinates the flow output of the water injection component and the rotation angle of the rotary drive mechanism, and processes sensor feedback signals (such as water level and temperature) to achieve precise control of the water film distribution on the conductor surface. It can be implemented by an industrial computer, PLC, embedded controller, or dedicated circuit module.

[0034] A rotary drive mechanism is a mechanical actuator used to drive a hollow conductor to rotate around its own axis. Its output end is connected to one end of the hollow conductor through a hollow insulating tube. Under the command of the system control component, it can rotate the hollow conductor to a specified angle so that multiple openings on the surface of the conductor face the target angle.

[0035] The water injection assembly refers to a water supply device used to provide a controllable water flow into the cavity of the hollow conductor. It includes a water source, a flow regulating valve, and a flow meter. The flow meter is used to detect the actual water injection flow in real time, and the flow regulating valve is used to precisely control the amount of water injected into the cavity of the hollow conductor. Through this closed-loop flow control mechanism, the water injection assembly can continuously and stably supply water to the cavity of the hollow conductor to maintain the water level in the cavity of the hollow conductor at a preset full water threshold, ensuring that the water output from multiple openings matches the rainfall intensity in the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0036] In some embodiments, the water injection component may be a peristaltic pump.

[0037] Hollow insulating tubes refer to hollow tubular structures with one end connected to a rotary drive mechanism and the other end connected to a hollow conductor, serving as both mechanical transmission and fluid channel functions. They are made of electrically insulating materials (such as ceramics, epoxy resins, or engineering plastics) and are used to guide the water flow of the water injection component into the hollow conductor cavity while transmitting rotational power, and to prevent the conduction of high-voltage current.

[0038] Hollow conductors are experimental conductors used to simulate actual power transmission lines. They are hollow cylinders with one end connected to a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection assembly via a hollow insulating tube, and the other end connected to a high-voltage power supply. Multiple micropores are provided along the axial direction on the outer surface, forming a closed or semi-closed hollow conductor cavity inside, which is used to contain water flow and achieve uniform water output.

[0039] The hollow conductor cavity refers to the hollow channel inside the hollow conductor, which is used to store and conduct water injected by the water injection component. When full of water, the water flows out steadily through multiple openings on the outer surface, forming a controllable water film.

[0040] A high-voltage power supply refers to a DC or AC power supply that can output high voltage (usually tens to hundreds of kilovolts). Its output terminal is connected to a hollow wire to apply an experimental voltage to the surface of the wire to induce corona discharge, which is then used for subsequent characteristic data acquisition and analysis.

[0041] The outer surface of the hollow conductor refers to the outer surface of the hollow conductor, which is the location where corona discharge occurs and the area where water film adheres and flows. It has multiple openings to allow water to flow out in a directional manner when the conductor is full, simulating the adhesion pattern of natural rainfall on the conductor surface.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1b As shown, the connection relationships between the system control components, rotary drive mechanism, water injection components, hollow insulating tube, hollow wire, and high-voltage power supply in the corona discharge simulation system can be obtained, and the high-voltage power supply is connected to the grounding electrode.

[0043] Multiple openings refer to multiple tiny through holes opened axially on the outer surface of a hollow conductor, connecting the inner cavity with the external environment. When the conductor is full of water, water flows out from the openings and forms a water film on the outer surface of the conductor. Multiple openings are usually located on the same side (i.e., the same circumferential position) of the outer surface of the conductor so that the direction of water flow can be adjusted by rotating the conductor.

[0044] In some embodiments, the hollow conductor is an aluminum alloy hollow tube.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1cAs shown, multiple openings are distributed along the axial direction of the outer surface of the hollow conductor at a preset size, such as 1cm or 2cm. At each interval, there is an opening area covering a quarter circumference of the conductor's cross-section. Within this opening area, a micropore array with a preset aperture is uniformly arranged. The preset space can be 0.2mm or 0.3mm. The total flow area of ​​all micropores does not exceed 2% of the total area of ​​the outer surface of the hollow conductor, to ensure that water flows out stably from the openings and forms a continuous and uniform laminar water film.

[0046] 101. Obtain the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0047] Among them, the meteorological conditions to be simulated refer to the set of specific external meteorological environmental parameters that need to be reproduced in the laboratory corona discharge simulation experiment, which are used to characterize the rain and fog weather conditions encountered by real transmission lines during operation.

[0048] The direction of rainfall refers to the directional vector of the actual trajectory of rainwater under the influence of wind.

[0049] For example, users can input the direction of rainfall corresponding to the weather conditions to be simulated.

[0050] In some embodiments, in order to transform abstract meteorological input parameters (wind direction, wind speed, rainfall intensity) into a physically executable and spatially locatable "rainfall direction" vector, and to provide a basis for precisely controlling the rotation angle of the hollow conductor and the attachment position of the water film on its surface, the meteorological conditions to be simulated include the wind direction to be simulated, the horizontal wind speed to be simulated, and the rainfall intensity to be simulated.

[0051] Obtain the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated, including:

[0052] The horizontal movement speed of rainwater is determined based on the wind direction and horizontal wind speed to be simulated.

[0053] Determine the vertical falling velocity of the rainwater based on the intensity of the rainfall to be simulated;

[0054] Based on the horizontal velocity of rainwater and the vertical velocity of rainwater falling, a resultant velocity vector of rainwater is synthesized, and the direction of the resultant velocity vector of rainwater is determined as the direction of rainfall.

[0055] In this context, the simulated wind direction refers to the wind direction that needs to be set in the corona discharge simulation experiment to reproduce the distribution and flow direction of water on the conductor surface under specific meteorological conditions. It is one of the key factors affecting rainwater adhesion to the conductor surface. The preset wind direction in the simulation environment is used to determine the azimuth angle of the rainwater adhesion point on the conductor surface, and thus affects the formation pattern of the water film on the outer surface of the hollow conductor. This means that when setting experimental parameters, the wind direction needs to be precisely specified in order to correctly adjust the angle of the rotary drive mechanism, ensuring that the opening faces the correct direction for water spraying, thereby accurately reproducing the expected rainfall conditions.

[0056] For example, in a specific experimental scenario, if we want to simulate a northeasterly wind (i.e., wind blowing from the northeast), then the wind direction to be simulated should be set to 45 degrees (assuming due north is the 0-degree reference direction). This will guide the system control components to adjust the angle of the rotary drive mechanism so that the direction of water flowing out of the hollow wire opening matches the direction of rainwater flow caused by the simulated northeasterly wind.

[0057] The horizontal wind speed to be simulated is a parameter used in the corona discharge simulation to represent the speed at which air moves in a direction parallel to the ground. It directly affects the speed and direction at which raindrops drift with the wind.

[0058] This can be understood as the horizontal wind speed to be simulated, which is a wind speed value set based on actual meteorological data or experimental design requirements. This value, in conjunction with the wind direction to be simulated, jointly determines how rainwater adheres to the surface of the conductor. By adjusting this parameter, the influence of winds of different intensities on the trajectory of raindrops can be simulated more realistically, thereby affecting the morphology of the water film formed on the surface of the conductor.

[0059] The simulated rainfall intensity refers to the rate of precipitation set in a corona discharge simulation experiment to mimic natural rainfall conditions. It is typically expressed in millimeters per hour (mm / h) and is an important parameter for measuring the frequency and magnitude of rainfall. In this embodiment, the simulated rainfall intensity is a crucial parameter guiding the operation of the water injection component. It determines the rate at which water is supplied to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, thereby affecting the thickness and distribution of the water film formed on the conductor surface. For example, in a simulated heavy rainfall experiment, the simulated rainfall intensity might be set to 50 mm / h. This means the water injection control system needs to increase the water injection volume accordingly to ensure a sufficiently thick and uniform water film forms on the conductor surface, conforming to the actual conditions of heavy rainfall.

[0060] The horizontal velocity of rainwater refers to the speed at which raindrops move horizontally relative to the ground due to the influence of wind. It reflects the degree to which wind speed affects the path of raindrops. For example, when the horizontal wind speed to be simulated is 3 m / s, considering the effects of wind direction and gravity, this value can be directly used as the basis for calculating the composite velocity of rainwater.

[0061] The vertical falling speed of rainwater refers to the speed at which raindrops fall downwards due to the Earth's gravity, and is not affected by wind.

[0062] The resultant velocity vector of rainwater movement is a vector obtained by comprehensively considering the horizontal movement velocity and the vertical falling velocity of rainwater. It represents the actual direction and velocity of the raindrop relative to the ground.

[0063] For example, the wind direction to be simulated in the meteorological conditions to be simulated is northeast (i.e., wind blowing from the northeast), the corresponding angle is 45 degrees, the horizontal wind speed to be simulated is 3 m / s, the rainfall intensity to be simulated is moderate rain, and the corresponding vertical falling speed of the rain is about 7 m / s (this speed represents the terminal falling speed of raindrops under no wind conditions when they are only subject to gravity).

[0064] As the wind blows from the northeast, the raindrops will be driven to drift horizontally in the southwest direction. Therefore, the horizontal speed of the rainwater is 3 m / s, and the direction is 225° (that is, the angle between the rainwater and due north is 225° clockwise, or equivalent to -135°). Its projection on the horizontal plane is along the southwest direction.

[0065] By vector combining the horizontal velocity (3 m / s, southwest direction) and the vertical falling velocity (7 m / s, vertically downward), the magnitude of the resultant velocity vector of the rainwater movement can be obtained as follows:

[0066] The resultant velocity vector of rainwater movement = = 7.62. The direction of the resultant velocity vector of the rainwater movement is the direction of rainfall, and the angle θ between it and the vertical direction can be calculated by the following formula: = Therefore, the direction of the rainfall is southwestward, at an angle of approximately 23.2° to the vertical direction, and downward.

[0067] 102. Determine the target rotation angle parameters based on the direction of rainfall.

[0068] The target rotation angle parameter refers to the angle value required to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis so that the direction of water outlet from the opening on the outer surface of the hollow conductor is aligned with the actual attachment position of rainwater under the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0069] In some embodiments, to achieve dynamic alignment between the water outlet direction and the actual rainwater attachment location, thereby faithfully reproducing the spatial distribution morphology of the water film under simulated meteorological conditions on the outer surface of the conductor, this application significantly improves the controllability, repeatability, and physical realism of the water film attachment position compared to traditional fixed spraying or random sprinkling methods. It effectively avoids the problem of local electric field distortion caused by water film position deviation. The target rotation angle parameters are determined based on the rainfall direction, including:

[0070] Obtain the initial orientation angle of multiple openings. The initial orientation angle is the angle between the orientation of the multiple openings on the cross-section of the hollow wire and the preset reference direction.

[0071] Based on the direction of rainfall, determine the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor. The azimuth angle of the attachment point is the angle between the attachment point of rainwater and the preset reference direction.

[0072] The target rotation angle parameter is calculated based on the angle difference between the azimuth angle of the attachment point and the initial orientation angle.

[0073] The initial orientation angle refers to the angle between the orientation of multiple openings on the hollow conductor in the cross-section (i.e., the projection direction of the center line of the opening on the circumference) and the preset reference direction when the conductor is not rotated.

[0074] A preset reference direction refers to a manually set reference direction used to standardize the zero point for angle measurements. For example, a preset reference direction can be any fixed orientation such as vertically upward, vertically downward, horizontally to the left, or horizontally to the right.

[0075] The cross-section of a hollow conductor refers to a circular plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the conductor. This cross-section is used to describe the circumferential positional relationship of the conductor's outer surface and serves as the geometric reference plane for defining the orientation of openings, the location of rainwater attachment points, and rotation angles.

[0076] The attachment point azimuth angle refers to the angle between the equivalent attachment point position of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor and the preset reference direction under the direction of rainfall. This angle is determined by the orthogonal projection of the rainfall direction on the cross-section of the hollow conductor, reflecting the circumferential position of the actual impact or attachment of rainwater on the circumference of the conductor.

[0077] It is understandable that, assuming the hollow conductor has a circular cross-section and the preset reference direction is vertically upward (i.e., the 12 o'clock direction, defined as 0°), the conductor has multiple openings, many of which are initially located horizontally to the right (i.e., the 3 o'clock direction) in the unrotated state. Therefore, its initial orientation angle is 90° (measured clockwise from the preset reference direction). The simulated meteorological condition is southeasterly wind and rainfall. The calculated orthographic projection of the rainfall direction onto the hollow conductor's cross-section points horizontally to the left (i.e., the 9 o'clock direction). Therefore, the azimuth angle of the rainwater attachment point is 270° (or equivalently...). (Depending on the angle definition rules, here we use a 0°~360° clockwise system) angular difference between the attachment point azimuth angle and the initial orientation angle. Therefore, the target rotation angle parameter is 180°, which means that the hollow conductor needs to be rotated 180° clockwise (or 180° counterclockwise, with the same effect) around its axis, so that the opening originally located on the right (90°) is rotated to the left (270°), directly facing the rainwater attachment point. After the rotation is completed, the water jet from the opening will accurately cover the area that should be wetted by natural rainfall, thus faithfully reproducing the real water film distribution on the surface of the conductor.

[0078] In some embodiments, to determine the circumferential attachment orientation of the rainfall direction on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, so as to accurately control the conductor rotation angle and align the water outlet position with the actual rainwater attachment area, the target rotation angle parameter is determined based on the rainfall direction, including:

[0079] Based on the mapping relationship between the preset rainfall direction and the preset conductor rotation angle parameters, the target rotation angle parameters corresponding to the rainfall direction are determined from the preset conductor rotation angle parameters.

[0080] The preset rainfall direction refers to a set of discrete rainfall incident directions pre-set according to typical meteorological conditions before the experiment. Each direction is characterized by its vector in space (or equivalent cross-sectional projection azimuth angle). For example, it may include vertically downward (0° deflection), northeasterly oblique rain at a 30° deflection angle to the vertical direction, and southwesterly oblique rain with strong winds at a 45° angle. The preset rainfall direction covers the main rainfall incident scenarios that may occur in the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0081] The preset conductor rotation angle parameter refers to the rotation angle value that is predetermined through theoretical calculations, simulation analysis, or calibration experiments for each preset rainfall direction, ensuring that the opening of the hollow conductor is aligned with the rainwater attachment point in that rainfall direction. This parameter uses the preset reference direction as the zero point and represents the circumferential angle by which the conductor needs to rotate around its axis.

[0082] For example, the mapping relationship between the preset rainfall direction and the preset conductor rotation angle parameter can include: the preset rainfall direction is 0° deflection (vertical rain), and the corresponding preset conductor rotation angle parameter is 0°; the preset rainfall direction is 30° deflection (such as oblique rain caused by southeast wind), and the corresponding preset conductor rotation angle parameter is 45°; the preset rainfall direction is 30° deflection (such as oblique rain caused by southeast wind), and the corresponding preset conductor rotation angle parameter is 45°, and so on.

[0083] In some embodiments, in order to accurately determine the equivalent attachment orientation of rainwater on the circumferential surface of the conductor, thereby providing a precise target angle for rotation control, ensuring that the spatial distribution of the water film is highly consistent with real meteorological conditions, and significantly improving the physical fidelity of corona discharge simulation, the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor is determined according to the direction of rainfall, including:

[0084] Obtain the axial direction of the hollow conductor;

[0085] Construct a cross-sectional coordinate system perpendicular to the axial direction, with the reference axis of the cross-sectional coordinate system corresponding to a preset reference direction;

[0086] Projecting the direction of rainfall onto the cross-sectional coordinate system yields the projection vector;

[0087] Calculate the angle between the projection vector and the reference axis to obtain the azimuth of the attachment point.

[0088] The axial direction refers to the direction of the geometric center axis of the hollow conductor, that is, the direction along the length of the conductor. This direction is used to determine the spatial orientation of the conductor and serves as a reference for constructing the cross-sectional coordinate system.

[0089] A cross-sectional coordinate system refers to a two-dimensional rectangular or polar coordinate system established at a certain location on a hollow conductor, with a plane perpendicular to the axial direction as the reference. This coordinate system is used to describe the circumferential positional relationship of the conductor's outer surface and is the geometric basis for calculating the azimuth angle of the attachment point.

[0090] The reference axis of the cross-sectional coordinate system refers to a reference axis (usually the x-axis or y-direction) that is artificially set in the cross-sectional coordinate system. Its direction is consistent with the preset reference direction. This reference axis serves as the zero point for angle measurement and is used to unify the definition of the azimuth angle of the attachment point.

[0091] The projection vector is used to characterize the equivalent attachment orientation of the rainfall direction on the cross-section of the conductor, and is obtained by orthogonally projecting the rainfall direction vector onto the cross-sectional coordinate system.

[0092] 103. Control the water injection component to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state.

[0093] The "full water state" refers to a fluid-filled state in which the water volume inside the hollow conductor reaches or exceeds a preset full water threshold (e.g., 98%), and there are no air bubbles or gaps inside, forming a continuous liquid column. In this state, water can stably seep out through the openings on the outer surface of the conductor under the drive of gravity or pressure, thereby forming a continuous and uniform water film on its outer surface.

[0094] 104. When the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor meets the preset full water threshold, based on the target rotation angle parameter, the rotation drive mechanism is controlled to drive the hollow conductor to rotate around its axis, so that multiple openings face the target angle and directional water outflow, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0095] The water level refers to the height of the liquid surface in the cavity of the hollow conductor relative to its internal geometry, and is used to characterize the degree of water filling in the cavity.

[0096] The preset full-water threshold refers to a pre-set critical criterion used to determine whether the inner cavity of the hollow conductor has reached a valid full-water state. This threshold can be an equivalent indicator of volume percentage (e.g., ≥98%), capacitance detection value, liquid level, or other physical quantities. When the detected water level meets or exceeds this threshold, the system determines that a continuous liquid column has formed in the inner cavity, meeting the conditions for initiating rotation and high-pressure experiments.

[0097] The target angle refers to the circumferential azimuth angle pointed to by the multiple openings on the hollow conductor after it has been rotated around its axis according to the target rotation angle parameter.

[0098] Water film distribution refers to the spatial coverage of the liquid film formed on the cylindrical outer surface of a hollow conductor after water seeps out through the openings. This includes characteristics such as the circumferential coverage area (e.g., top, sides, or bottom), axial continuity (uniformity along the conductor's length), thickness gradient (local variations in thickness), and the proportion of wetted area. This distribution is determined by the water injection flow rate, opening location, conductor rotation angle, and environmental conditions. It directly reflects the wetting state of the conductor surface under simulated meteorological conditions and is a key physical boundary condition affecting the corona discharge initiation voltage, pulse intensity, and electromagnetic interference characteristics.

[0099] In some embodiments, the rotary drive mechanism may be a rotary motor.

[0100] Understandably, the rotating motor is independent of the water supply system and can change the orientation of multiple openings by continuous rotation from -90° to +90° while maintaining a constant water volume. For example, 0° simulates vertical rainfall, 45° simulates 30° crosswind conditions, and 90° simulates strong horizontal wind loads. This design has achieved a breakthrough in the quantitative simulation of the wind and rain angle.

[0101] In some embodiments, to ensure that the water output from multiple openings on the hollow conductor strictly matches the rainfall intensity in the simulated meteorological conditions, thereby forming a water film distribution on the conductor surface consistent with the actual rainfall wetting level, this application effectively solves the problems of excessively thin, thick, or unevenly distributed water films caused by water volume deviations compared to traditional open-loop water injection or fixed-flow water supply methods. This significantly improves the controllability and experimental repeatability of the water film wetting amount. Especially when switching between different rainfall intensities (such as light rain, moderate rain, and heavy rain), the system can quickly respond and automatically adjust to the new steady-state water output state, ensuring the accuracy of corona discharge characteristic data acquisition and the consistency of operating conditions; the water injection component includes a flow regulating valve and a flow meter;

[0102] After detecting that the water level in the cavity of the hollow conductor meets the preset full-water threshold, the method further includes:

[0103] The target water injection flow rate is determined based on the rainfall intensity in the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0104] The actual water injection flow rate of the water injection component is detected in real time using a flow meter;

[0105] Based on the deviation between the target injection flow rate and the actual injection flow rate, the opening of the flow regulating valve is dynamically adjusted so that the distribution of the water film formed on the outer surface of the hollow conductor matches the rainfall intensity.

[0106] The flow regulating valve is a controllable throttling device installed in the water injection assembly, used to dynamically regulate the water flow rate through the hollow insulated tube and into the hollow conductor cavity. Its opening degree can be automatically adjusted by the control system based on feedback signals to achieve precise control of the water injection flow rate.

[0107] A flow meter is a sensor or instrument used to measure the volumetric flow rate of water in a water injection system in real time, and its output signal reflects the current actual water injection flow rate. Typical types include electromagnetic flow meters, turbine flow meters, or ultrasonic flow meters, which are suitable for clean water media and have high response speed and accuracy.

[0108] Rainfall intensity refers to the depth of rainwater falling on a horizontal surface per unit time, measured in millimeters per hour (mm / h), and is used to characterize the strength of rainfall. In this application, rainfall intensity is used as a key parameter of the meteorological conditions to be simulated to map and determine the target water injection flow rate.

[0109] The target injection flow rate refers to the expected injection flow rate value determined based on the rainfall intensity under the current simulated meteorological conditions, using a preset mapping relationship (such as a lookup table, empirical formula, or calibration curve). The unit is typically milliliters per second (mL / s) or liters per minute (L / min). This value aims to ensure that the degree of wetting of the water film formed on the conductor surface is consistent with actual rainfall conditions.

[0110] The actual water injection flow rate refers to the real water flow rate that is detected and fed back in real time by the flow meter and enters the hollow conductor cavity through the water injection component. It is used to compare with the target water injection flow rate and generate a control deviation signal.

[0111] Deviation refers to the difference between the target injection flow rate and the actual injection flow rate.

[0112] Water film distribution refers to the continuous or discontinuous liquid film morphology formed around the circumference and axis of a hollow conductor after water seeps out through openings on its outer surface. This includes characteristics such as the coverage area, thickness, uniformity, and wetted area of ​​the water film. Its spatial morphology and degree of wetting are directly affected by the water injection flow rate, the conductor rotation angle, and meteorological conditions, and are key boundary conditions determining the corona discharge characteristics.

[0113] In some embodiments, in order to achieve high sensitivity, interference-free, and full-circumferential sensing of the full-water state, a ring-shaped non-contact water level detector is provided on the outer surface of the hollow conductor. The water level detector is continuously arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer surface of the hollow conductor to detect the water level inside the hollow conductor.

[0114] When the water level inside the hollow conductor reaches a preset full-water threshold, the following is included:

[0115] The capacitance value output by the ring-shaped non-contact water level detector is obtained. The capacitance value increases with the presence of water in the inner cavity of the hollow wire.

[0116] When the capacitance value is not less than the preset capacitance threshold, the water level inside the hollow conductor is determined to have reached the preset full water threshold.

[0117] Among them, the ring-shaped non-contact water level detector refers to an integrated sensor device that is continuously arranged circumferentially along the outer surface of a hollow conductor. Its structure is ring-shaped, closely attached to or embedded in the outer wall of the conductor, but does not directly contact the water flow inside the cavity. This detector is based on the principle of capacitive sensing and indirectly detects the water level by sensing the change in the dielectric constant of the medium inside the conductor (air vs. water). It has the advantages of being hole-free, not damaging the insulation structure, resisting high voltage interference, and providing full circumferential coverage.

[0118] The capacitance value refers to the capacitance measurement value output by the ring-shaped non-contact water level detector in working condition. Its magnitude depends on the dielectric properties of the medium filling the inner cavity of the conductor. Since the relative permittivity of water (about 80) is much higher than that of air (about 1), when the inner cavity is filled with water, the equivalent capacitance formed between the detector and the water in the inner cavity increases significantly; therefore, the capacitance value can be used as a sensitive indicator to determine the water level in the inner cavity.

[0119] The preset capacitance threshold refers to a critical capacitance value determined in advance through calibration experiments, used to determine whether the inner cavity of the hollow conductor has reached the preset full-water threshold. When the capacitance value detected in real time is not less than the preset capacitance threshold, the system determines that a continuous liquid column has formed in the inner cavity, meeting the full-water requirement, and can trigger subsequent rotation or high-voltage energization operations. This threshold can be set and calibrated according to the conductor size, material, operating frequency, and target water filling rate (e.g., 98%).

[0120] In some embodiments, the ring-shaped non-contact water level detector may be implemented using flexible printed electrodes, conformal capacitive sensors, or embedded microstrip structures.

[0121] In some embodiments, the preset capacitance threshold typically corresponds to the typical capacitance response when the cavity is filled with water at a rate ≥98%, and can be obtained by interpolation of measured data in the dry (empty) and full-water states.

[0122] In some embodiments, to reliably detect the water-filled state of the hollow conductor's inner cavity, a liquid level sensor can be provided on the top wall of the hollow conductor's inner cavity. This liquid level sensor is used to sense in real time whether there is liquid at the top of the inner cavity, thereby determining whether the cavity is completely filled with water. Specifically, when water is injected into the hollow conductor's inner cavity, the water is injected from the bottom or side wall through the hollow insulating tube and gradually rises. If the inner cavity is not full, the top area is still air, and the liquid level sensor outputs a signal characterizing the "no liquid" state (such as a high resistance state, low level, or specific frequency response). When the water level continues to rise and touches the liquid level sensor at the top wall, the sensor outputs a "liquid present" signal (such as a conduction signal, capacitance change, or resistance decrease) due to contact with the liquid, indicating that the inner cavity has reached a preset full water threshold (i.e., water has filled to the top, with no air gap remaining).

[0123] When the water level in the hollow conductor cavity is detected to have reached a preset full water threshold, the following steps are taken: acquiring the status signal output by the liquid level sensor;

[0124] When the status signal indicates that the liquid has contacted the top wall sensor, it is determined that the inner cavity of the hollow wire is full of water.

[0125] 105. Under the condition of applying experimental voltage to a high-voltage power supply, collect corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0126] The experimental voltage refers to the test voltage applied to the hollow conductor by a high-voltage power supply, used to simulate the high-potential stress experienced by actual transmission lines during operation. This voltage can be power frequency AC voltage, DC voltage, or lightning / switching impulse voltage.

[0127] Corona discharge characteristic data refers to a set of multidimensional physical quantities collected by sensors or measurement systems under the condition of applying an experimental voltage and forming a water film distribution on the surface of a hollow conductor corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated. These data are used to characterize the intensity, morphology, and electromagnetic properties of corona discharge. Corona discharge characteristic data includes, but is not limited to, corona initiation voltage, pulse current amplitude, frequency and phase distribution, radio interference voltage, etc.

[0128] In some embodiments, corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of a hollow conductor under simulated meteorological conditions can be collected using a corona acquisition device (such as an ultraviolet imager).

[0129] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power supply is a high-voltage DC power supply with a continuously adjustable output of 10-100kV. The output terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected to a hollow conductor, and its circuit is grounded through a grounding electrode to form a complete high-voltage discharge circuit. The distance between the grounding electrode and the hollow conductor can be precisely adjusted within the range of 10-150cm to simulate different inter-electrode electric field distributions.

[0130] In some embodiments, the system control component is further connected to a corona characteristic acquisition component, which is used to acquire corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions under the condition that the experimental voltage is applied by the high voltage power supply.

[0131] The corona characteristic acquisition component may include one or more of the following sensors and measuring devices: a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) or pulse current sensor for detecting the pulse current signal generated by corona discharge; radio interference voltage (RIV) for measuring radio frequency electromagnetic interference caused by corona; an acoustic sensor (such as a microphone array or noise meter) for acquiring audible noise generated by corona discharge; an ultraviolet imager or photomultiplier tube for capturing photon radiation of corona discharge or visualizing the discharge morphology; a partial discharge detector for quantifying the discharge quantity (unit: pC) and discharge repetition rate; and an electric field probe for monitoring the electric field distortion in the space around the conductor.

[0132] In some embodiments, since the surface tension of water, evaporation rate and dielectric strength of air are all affected by temperature, controlling the temperature to be simulated can avoid deviations in water film morphology or drift of corona threshold caused by thermodynamic mismatch. In order to keep the experimental environment consistent with the meteorological conditions to be simulated in the thermodynamic dimension, the influence of temperature fluctuations on water film state and air discharge characteristics is effectively eliminated, thereby improving the accuracy of corona discharge characteristic data. The system control components also include a temperature control device, and the meteorological conditions to be simulated also include the temperature to be simulated.

[0133] Before collecting corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions under the condition of applying the experimental voltage from the high-voltage power supply, the following steps are also included:

[0134] Get the current ambient temperature around the hollow conductor;

[0135] When the current ambient temperature is inconsistent with the temperature to be simulated, the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the environment where the hollow conductor is located until the temperature to be simulated is reached. The temperature to be simulated is used to correct the water film adhesion coefficient and the air breakdown field strength.

[0136] The temperature control device refers to a closed-loop control system used to regulate and maintain the local ambient temperature of the hollow conductor. It includes heating units (such as electric heating films or warm air blowers), cooling units (such as thermoelectric coolers or air conditioning modules), temperature sensors, and a controller. Based on the deviation between the set target temperature and the measured temperature, the temperature control device automatically starts, stops, or adjusts its output power to achieve precise temperature control of the experimental area, ensuring that the physical state of the water film (such as evaporation rate and adhesion) and the dielectric properties of the surrounding air are consistent with the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0137] The temperature to be simulated refers to the ambient temperature parameter that needs to be reproduced in the corona discharge simulation experiment, as a component of the meteorological conditions to be simulated. This temperature value is set according to the target climate scenario (e.g., Simulated cold waves, 25°C simulates normal temperature, and 40°C simulates high temperature and high humidity environments are used to guide temperature control devices in establishing experimental boundary conditions that are thermodynamically equivalent to actual operating conditions.

[0138] The current ambient temperature refers to the actual temperature value of the local space surrounding the hollow conductor, detected in real time by a temperature sensor before the experiment begins or during operation. This value is input as a feedback signal to the system control components to determine whether the temperature control device needs to be activated and to assess whether the temperature regulation has reached a steady state.

[0139] In some embodiments, in order to effectively suppress corona discharge, the method further includes:

[0140] Obtain a set of corona discharge characteristic data, which includes corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under different simulated meteorological conditions.

[0141] Correlation and sensitivity analysis were performed on the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to different simulated meteorological conditions in the corona discharge characteristic data set to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation law.

[0142] Based on the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, we conduct simulation analysis of the effectiveness of corona risk assessment and suppression measures under multiple meteorological scenarios, and generate corona suppression recommendations.

[0143] The corona discharge characteristic dataset refers to a multidimensional dataset characterizing the corona discharge behavior of the outer surface of hollow conductors, collected through high-voltage experiments under a series of controlled simulated meteorological conditions (including combinations of different wind directions, wind speeds, rainfall intensities, and temperatures). Each record in this dataset contains specific meteorological conditions and corresponding corona discharge characteristic data, typical of which include: corona initiation voltage, pulse current amplitude and frequency, radio interference voltage (RIV), audible noise (AN) sound pressure level, ultraviolet photon count, and partial discharge quantity (pC).

[0144] Key influencing factors of corona discharge refer to meteorological or water film parameters that significantly affect corona discharge characteristics, identified through statistical correlation analysis (such as Pearson correlation coefficient and principal component analysis) and sensitivity analysis (such as Sobol index and regression coefficient) of corona discharge characteristic data sets. Typical key influencing factors include: rainfall direction angle, circumferential coverage of water film, wetted water volume per unit length, ambient temperature, and wind-rain coupling index. These factors are the core input variables for subsequent risk modeling and mitigation strategy design.

[0145] The variation pattern refers to the quantitative relationship or trend pattern between the key influencing factors of corona discharge and the characteristic response of corona discharge. For example: "When the water film coverage angle increases from 120° to 240°, the corona initiation voltage decreases by about 8%"; or "Under crosswind and oblique rain (angle > 30°), the RIV increases nonlinearly with the rainfall intensity".

[0146] The corona suppression recommendations are engineering decision-making suggestions generated by quantifying the effectiveness of various suppression measures (such as conductor surface coating, split conductor structure optimization, operating voltage adjustment, and anti-corona ring installation) under different meteorological scenarios through a simulation platform.

[0147] The simulation analysis is based on the finite element electric field calculation model. The key parameters of the water film are input, and the electric field distortion factor under different suppression measures (such as adding anti-corona rings and changing the surface roughness of the conductor) is output. When the distortion factor decreases by more than the threshold ΔE, the measure is deemed effective.

[0148] In some embodiments, in order to accurately identify the influence mechanism and variation law of key parameters of water film on corona discharge, the corona discharge characteristic data set includes the distribution of water film on the conductor surface corresponding to each rainfall direction under multiple simulated meteorological conditions, and the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to each water film distribution.

[0149] Correlation and sensitivity analyses were performed on the corona discharge characteristic data under different simulated meteorological conditions in the corona discharge characteristic dataset to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, including:

[0150] Based on the corona discharge characteristic data set, a mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution and corona discharge characteristic data is constructed.

[0151] Based on the mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution and corona discharge characteristic data, the degree of influence of water film distribution on corresponding corona discharge characteristic data under different rainfall directions is determined.

[0152] Based on the degree of influence, the key parameters of the water film that play a dominant role in the characteristics of corona discharge are identified, and the key influencing factors of corona discharge are obtained.

[0153] The numerical variation trends of key influencing factors of corona discharge under multiple simulated meteorological conditions were analyzed to obtain the variation patterns.

[0154] The mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution, and corona discharge characteristic data describes how the water film distribution formed on the conductor surface determines the corona discharge response characteristics under a specific rainfall direction. This mapping relationship can be expressed as a function, corona characteristic = f(rainfall direction, water film distribution), or stored in the system in the form of a multidimensional lookup table, machine learning model (such as random forest, neural network), regression equation, etc., which forms the basis for subsequent sensitivity analysis and factor identification.

[0155] The degree of influence refers to the intensity or magnitude of the response to corona discharge characteristic data (such as initiation voltage, RIV, and pulse frequency) caused by a change in a certain water film parameter (such as coverage angle, thickness, and continuity). This degree can be quantified by statistical indicators.

[0156] Key parameters of water film refer to core quantitative indicators used to characterize the spatial morphology and physical state of the water film on the surface of a conductor. These are structured feature variables extracted from raw water film distribution images or sensor data. These key parameters may include circumferential coverage angle, maximum or average water film thickness, water film continuity index, proportion of wetted area on the windward side, water film edge curvature, or number of local abrupt change points, etc.

[0157] In summary, this application can accurately reproduce the water film distribution corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of a hollow conductor, achieving high-precision and repeatable acquisition of corona discharge characteristic data.

[0158] To better implement the above methods, this application also provides a corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor. This corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor can be integrated into an electronic device, such as a terminal or server.

[0159] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the conductor surface may include an acquisition unit 201, a parameter determination unit 202, a water injection control unit 203, a rotation control unit 204, and a corona acquisition unit 205, as follows:

[0160] (a) Obtaining Unit 201.

[0161] The acquisition unit 201 is used to acquire the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0162] In some embodiments, the meteorological conditions to be simulated include the wind direction to be simulated, the horizontal wind speed to be simulated, and the rainfall intensity to be simulated.

[0163] Obtain the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated, including:

[0164] The horizontal movement speed of rainwater is determined based on the wind direction and horizontal wind speed to be simulated.

[0165] Determine the vertical falling velocity of the rainwater based on the intensity of the rainfall to be simulated;

[0166] Based on the horizontal velocity of rainwater and the vertical velocity of rainwater falling, a resultant velocity vector of rainwater is synthesized, and the direction of the resultant velocity vector of rainwater is determined as the direction of rainfall.

[0167] (ii) Parameter determination unit 202.

[0168] The parameter determination unit 202 is used to determine the target rotation angle parameters based on the direction of rainfall.

[0169] In some embodiments, determining the target rotation angle parameter based on the rainfall direction includes:

[0170] Obtain the initial orientation angle of multiple openings. The initial orientation angle is the angle between the orientation of the multiple openings on the cross-section of the hollow wire and the preset reference direction.

[0171] Based on the direction of rainfall, determine the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor. The azimuth angle of the attachment point is the angle between the attachment point of rainwater and the preset reference direction.

[0172] The target rotation angle parameter is calculated based on the angle difference between the azimuth angle of the attachment point and the initial orientation angle.

[0173] In some embodiments, determining the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor, based on the direction of rainfall, includes:

[0174] Obtain the axial direction of the hollow conductor;

[0175] Construct a cross-sectional coordinate system perpendicular to the axial direction, with the reference axis of the cross-sectional coordinate system corresponding to a preset reference direction;

[0176] Projecting the direction of rainfall onto the cross-sectional coordinate system yields the projection vector;

[0177] Calculate the angle between the projection vector and the reference axis to obtain the azimuth of the attachment point.

[0178] (III) Water injection control unit 203.

[0179] The water injection control unit 203 is used to control the water injection assembly to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state.

[0180] (iv) Rotation control unit 204.

[0181] The rotation control unit 204 is used to control the rotation drive mechanism to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis based on the target rotation angle parameter when the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor is detected to meet the preset full water threshold. This causes multiple openings to face the target angle and directionally discharge water, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the meteorological conditions to be simulated.

[0182] In some embodiments, an annular non-contact water level detector is provided on the outer surface of the hollow conductor. The water level detector is continuously arranged circumferentially along the outer surface of the hollow conductor and is used to detect the water level inside the hollow conductor.

[0183] When the water level inside the hollow conductor reaches a preset full-water threshold, the following is included:

[0184] The capacitance value output by the ring-shaped non-contact water level detector is obtained. The capacitance value increases with the presence of water in the inner cavity of the hollow wire.

[0185] When the capacitance value is not less than the preset capacitance threshold, the water level inside the hollow conductor is determined to have reached the preset full water threshold.

[0186] In some embodiments, the water injection assembly includes a flow regulating valve and a flow meter;

[0187] After detecting that the water level in the cavity of the hollow conductor meets the preset full-water threshold, the method further includes:

[0188] The target water injection flow rate is determined based on the rainfall intensity in the simulated meteorological conditions.

[0189] The actual water injection flow rate of the water injection component is detected in real time using a flow meter;

[0190] Based on the deviation between the target injection flow rate and the actual injection flow rate, the opening of the flow regulating valve is dynamically adjusted so that the distribution of the water film formed on the outer surface of the hollow conductor matches the rainfall intensity.

[0191] (v) Corona acquisition unit 205.

[0192] The corona acquisition unit 205 is used to acquire corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions, under the condition that the experimental voltage is applied by the high voltage power supply.

[0193] In some embodiments, the system control component further includes a temperature control device, and the meteorological conditions to be simulated also include the temperature to be simulated;

[0194] Before collecting corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions under the condition of applying the experimental voltage from the high-voltage power supply, the following steps are also included:

[0195] Get the current ambient temperature around the hollow conductor;

[0196] When the current ambient temperature is inconsistent with the temperature to be simulated, the temperature control device adjusts the temperature of the environment where the hollow conductor is located until the temperature to be simulated is reached.

[0197] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0198] Obtain a set of corona discharge characteristic data, which includes corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under different simulated meteorological conditions.

[0199] Correlation and sensitivity analysis were performed on the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to different simulated meteorological conditions in the corona discharge characteristic data set to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation law.

[0200] Based on the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, we conduct simulation analysis of the effectiveness of corona risk assessment and suppression measures under multiple meteorological scenarios, and generate corona suppression recommendations.

[0201] In some embodiments, the corona discharge characteristic data set includes the distribution of water film on the conductor surface corresponding to each rainfall direction under multiple simulated meteorological conditions, and the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to each water film distribution.

[0202] Correlation and sensitivity analyses were performed on the corona discharge characteristic data under different simulated meteorological conditions in the corona discharge characteristic dataset to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, including:

[0203] Based on the corona discharge characteristic data set, a mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution and corona discharge characteristic data is constructed.

[0204] Based on the mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution and corona discharge characteristic data, the degree of influence of water film distribution on corresponding corona discharge characteristic data under different rainfall directions is determined.

[0205] Based on the degree of influence, the key parameters of the water film that play a dominant role in the characteristics of corona discharge are identified, and the key influencing factors of corona discharge are obtained.

[0206] The numerical variation trends of key influencing factors of corona discharge under multiple simulated meteorological conditions were analyzed to obtain the variation patterns.

[0207] In practice, each of the above units can be implemented as an independent entity or can be arbitrarily combined to be implemented as the same or several entities. For the specific implementation of each of the above units, please refer to the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0208] Therefore, the embodiments of this application can accurately reproduce the water film distribution corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated on the outer surface of the hollow conductor, and achieve high-precision and repeatable acquisition of corona discharge characteristic data.

[0209] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0210] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of instructions that can be loaded by a processor to execute steps in any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor provided in embodiments of this application.

[0211] The storage medium may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk, or optical disk, etc. Since the instructions stored in the storage medium can execute the steps in any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor provided in the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects achievable by any of the corona discharge simulation methods for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a conductor provided in the embodiments of this application can be realized, as detailed in the preceding embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0212] According to one aspect of this application, a computer program product or computer program is provided, comprising a computer program / instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer program / instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program / instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the method provided in the above embodiments for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor in a corona discharge simulation.

[0213] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a method and apparatus for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method of simulating corona discharge for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water on the surface of a wire, characterized by, A system control component suitable for a corona discharge simulation system, the system control component connecting a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component, the rotary drive mechanism being connected to one end of a hollow conductor via a hollow insulating tube, the hollow insulating tube communicating with the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor, the other end of the hollow conductor being connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the outer surface of the hollow conductor having multiple openings along the axial direction, the multiple openings being located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor; the method includes: Obtain the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated; Determine the target rotation angle parameters based on the rainfall direction; The water injection component is controlled to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and is maintained in a full water state; When the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor is detected to meet the preset full water threshold, the rotation drive mechanism is controlled to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis based on the target rotation angle parameter, so that the multiple openings face the target angle and directional water discharge, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the simulated meteorological conditions. Under the condition that the high-voltage power supply applies the experimental voltage, the corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor corresponding to the simulated meteorological conditions are collected.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Determining the target rotation angle parameter based on the rainfall direction includes: Obtain the initial orientation angle of the plurality of openings, wherein the initial orientation angle is the angle between the orientation of the plurality of openings on the cross-section of the hollow conductor and a preset reference direction; Based on the rainfall direction, the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor is determined, and the azimuth angle of the attachment point is the angle between the attachment point of rainwater and the preset reference direction. The target rotation angle parameter is calculated based on the angle difference between the azimuth angle of the attachment point and the initial orientation angle.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, Determining the azimuth angle of the attachment point of rainwater on the cross-section of the hollow conductor based on the rainfall direction includes: Obtain the axial direction of the hollow conductor; Construct a cross-sectional coordinate system perpendicular to the axial direction, wherein the reference axis of the cross-sectional coordinate system corresponds to the preset reference direction; The rainfall direction is projected orthogonally onto the cross-sectional coordinate system to obtain the projection vector; Calculate the angle between the projection vector and the reference axis to obtain the azimuth angle of the attachment point.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The meteorological conditions to be simulated include the wind direction, horizontal wind speed, and rainfall intensity to be simulated. The process of obtaining the rainfall direction corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated includes: The horizontal movement speed of rainwater is determined based on the wind direction and horizontal wind speed to be simulated. Based on the simulated rainfall intensity, determine the vertical falling velocity of the rainwater; Based on the horizontal movement speed of the rainwater and the vertical falling speed of the rainwater, a resultant velocity vector of the rainwater is synthesized, and the direction of the resultant velocity vector of the rainwater is determined as the direction of rainfall.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The hollow conductor is provided with an annular non-contact water level detector on its outer surface. The water level detector is continuously arranged circumferentially along the outer surface of the hollow conductor and is used to detect the water level inside the hollow conductor. The step of detecting when the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches a preset full-water threshold includes: Obtain the capacitance value output by the annular non-contact water level detector, the capacitance value increasing with the presence of water in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor; When the capacitance value is not less than a preset capacitance threshold, it is determined that the water level in the hollow conductor cavity has reached a preset full water threshold.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water injection assembly includes a flow regulating valve and a flow meter; After detecting that the water level in the cavity of the hollow conductor meets a preset full-water threshold, the method further includes: The target water injection flow rate is determined based on the rainfall intensity in the simulated meteorological conditions. The actual water injection flow rate of the water injection component is detected in real time by the flow meter. Based on the deviation between the target water injection flow rate and the actual water injection flow rate, the opening of the flow regulating valve is dynamically adjusted so that the water film distribution formed on the outer surface of the hollow conductor matches the rainfall intensity.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system control components also include a temperature control device, and the meteorological conditions to be simulated also include the temperature to be simulated. Before acquiring corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor corresponding to the simulated meteorological conditions under the condition of the experimental voltage applied by the high-voltage power supply, the method further includes: Obtain the current ambient temperature around the hollow conductor; When the current ambient temperature is inconsistent with the temperature to be simulated, the temperature control device is controlled to adjust the temperature of the environment where the hollow conductor is located until the temperature to be simulated is reached.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain a set of corona discharge characteristic data, which includes corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under different simulated meteorological conditions. Correlation and sensitivity analysis were performed on the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to different meteorological conditions to be simulated in the corona discharge characteristic data set to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation law. Based on the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, a simulation analysis of the effectiveness of corona risk assessment and suppression measures under multiple meteorological scenarios is conducted to generate corona suppression recommendations.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The corona discharge characteristic data set includes the distribution of water film on the conductor surface corresponding to each rainfall direction under multiple simulated meteorological conditions, and the corona discharge characteristic data corresponding to each water film distribution; The correlation and sensitivity analysis of the corona discharge characteristic data under different simulated meteorological conditions in the corona discharge characteristic data set is performed to obtain the key influencing factors of corona discharge and their variation patterns, including: Based on the aforementioned corona discharge characteristic data set, a mapping relationship is constructed between rainfall direction, water film distribution, and corona discharge characteristic data. Based on the mapping relationship between rainfall direction, water film distribution and corona discharge characteristic data, the degree of influence of water film distribution on the corresponding corona discharge characteristic data under different rainfall directions is determined. Based on the degree of influence, key parameters of the water film that play a dominant role in the characteristics of corona discharge are identified, and key influencing factors of corona discharge are obtained. The numerical variation trends of the key influencing factors of corona discharge under multiple simulated meteorological conditions were analyzed to obtain the variation law.

10. A corona discharge simulation device for precisely adjusting the amount and direction of water flow on the surface of a conductor, characterized in that, A system control component suitable for a corona discharge simulation system, the system control component connecting a rotary drive mechanism and a water injection component, the rotary drive mechanism being connected to one end of a hollow conductor via a hollow insulating tube, the hollow insulating tube communicating with the water injection component to supply water to the inner cavity of the hollow conductor, the other end of the hollow conductor being connected to a high-voltage power supply, and the outer surface of the hollow conductor having multiple openings along the axial direction, the multiple openings being located on the same side of the outer surface of the hollow conductor; the device includes: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the direction of rainfall corresponding to the meteorological conditions to be simulated; A parameter determination unit is used to determine the target rotation angle parameter based on the rainfall direction; The water injection control unit is used to control the water injection assembly to inject water into the inner cavity of the hollow conductor through the hollow insulating tube, so that the inner cavity of the hollow conductor reaches and maintains a full water state. A rotation control unit is used to control the rotation drive mechanism to rotate the hollow conductor around its axis based on the target rotation angle parameter when the water level in the inner cavity of the hollow conductor is detected to meet the preset full water threshold, so that the multiple openings face the target angle and directional water outflow, so as to form a water film distribution on the outer surface of the hollow conductor that corresponds to the simulated meteorological conditions. The corona acquisition unit is used to acquire corona discharge characteristic data of the outer surface of the hollow conductor under the simulated meteorological conditions, under the condition that the high-voltage power supply applies the experimental voltage.

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