Method, tool and system for digital description of substation secondary circuits

Abstract

The application discloses a method, tool and system for digital description of a substation secondary circuit, which constructs a unified digital description file SDD based on an XML format, divides the substation secondary system into a device layer, a screen cabinet layer and a substation layer by adopting a hierarchical structure, and respectively performs a structured complete description on device properties, internal connections of a screen cabinet and cross-screen cabinet physical cables through IDD files, CDD files and a Cable module; the application solves the problem of information fragmentation and machine automatic identification in the prior art by providing a unique secondary system digital model, greatly improves operation and maintenance efficiency and safety, and provides data support for substation digital twinning and artificial intelligence analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substation digital technology, and in particular to methods, tools and systems for digital description of substation secondary circuits. Background Technology

[0002] Substation secondary circuits are a crucial component for ensuring the safe operation and reliable power supply of the power system, characterized by complex wiring and a wide range of applications. Currently, methods for describing substation secondary circuits include, but are not limited to: 1) SCD (Substation Configuration Description) files, and 2) design drawings based on PDF (Portable Document Format) or DWG (Drawing) files. However, existing methods have significant shortcomings: SCD-based methods can only describe virtual terminal circuits in the substation, failing to describe physical circuits such as those carried by cables, optical fibers, and network cables; while descriptions based on design drawings require manual identification of cable and optical fiber circuits, which cannot be automatically identified by machines; furthermore, existing description methods are limited to describing the connection relationships between objects, neglecting the description of the attributes of physical entities and cables.

[0003] This lack of descriptive methods and attributes has resulted in a lack of a unified digital description file for substation secondary circuits that meets the requirements of advanced applications, making it impossible to achieve a complete, clear, and structured description of all secondary physical circuits in the substation. This not only affects the digitization process and advanced applications of secondary circuits but also leads to inefficiencies in the operation and maintenance of secondary circuits. In particular, the lack of a unified description standard is prone to errors and affects the safe operation of equipment when performing applications such as secondary system drawing management, circuit fault diagnosis, and safety ticket generation. Specifically: First, current methods for describing substation secondary circuits mainly include, but are not limited to, two types: those based on SCD files and those based on design drawings (PDF or DWG files). SCD files can only describe virtual terminal circuits in a substation, not physical circuits such as cable circuits or fiber optic circuits. Meanwhile, descriptions based on design drawings require manual identification of cable and fiber optic circuits, which cannot be automatically identified by machines. This results in a lack of a unified digital description file for substation secondary circuits, making it impossible to achieve a complete, clear, and structured description of all secondary physical circuits in the entire substation.

[0004] Second, existing secondary circuit description methods lack the definition and description of attributes, which cannot support the needs of advanced applications. For example, relay protection devices and cabinet terminals are not classified by function into trip, current, power, and other wiring terminals, and cables are not classified by function type into trip cables, etc. Advanced applications, digital twins, artificial intelligence large models, etc. cannot obtain this information to perform fault diagnosis, intelligent operation and maintenance, real-time simulation, and hidden danger investigation. Third, existing visualization secondary circuit systems have shortcomings in the construction and optimization of visualization secondary circuit diagrams, making it difficult to achieve clearer and more intuitive display of circuit connections and operating status. Furthermore, the visualization functions need improvement; it is difficult to customize and adjust visualization charts and content according to the actual needs of substations to provide richer visualization functions and more precise fault location capabilities.

[0005] Fourth, the lack of a unified digital description standard in existing technologies makes it easy to make mistakes when performing operations such as fault diagnosis and safety ticket generation, affecting the safe operation of equipment. In particular, in the operation and maintenance and management of smart substations, there is a lack of comprehensive monitoring and intelligent management capabilities for the status of secondary circuits.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the problems mentioned above, this invention proposes a digital description method, tool, and system for substation secondary circuits. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the problems of fragmented circuit information and low operation and maintenance efficiency caused by the inability of existing substation secondary circuit description methods to fully describe physical circuits using SCD files, the unreadable design drawings, and the lack of a unified digital description standard, this invention proposes a digital description method, tool, and system for substation secondary circuits. This description file can fully and accurately describe the physical circuit status of the substation, including physical circuits such as cables and optical cables, and associate them with virtual terminal circuits, thereby achieving comprehensive monitoring and management of substation secondary circuits.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is: a method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation, comprising the following steps: S1. Construct a digital description file (SDD) for the secondary circuit of the substation based on XML format. The SDD file follows the predefined SDL language specification, which defines the file structure, tag system, attribute set and data type constraints. S2 uses a hierarchical model to describe the substation secondary system, which includes an equipment layer, a cabinet layer, and a substation layer. At the equipment level, various types of equipment in the substation are described through the Device Digital Description File (IDD), including basic equipment information, material codes, diagram mapping, functional description, design attributes, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, electrical parameters, status information, and communication interface information. Among them, the design attributes include board configuration information and the number, name, and type definition of terminals on each board. The terminal types include at least single-point input, double-point input, and trip output. At the cabinet level, the installation location, connection relationship, spatial position relationship and attribute information of physical equipment are described by the cabinet digital description file (CDD). The CDD file includes basic cabinet information, equipment installation location coordinates, material code, graphic mapping, functional description, design attributes, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, electrical parameters, status information and connection relationship. The connection relationship records the complete path from the device terminal through the materials in the cabinet to the cabinet terminal in a structured manner. At the substation level, SDD files are used to describe the overall layout of the substation, the inclusion relationship between the equipment layer and the cabinet layer, and the cable information and spatial location relationship. S3 describes the physical cables for electrical connections between secondary entities in the substation through the Cable description module, including cable type, number, length, color and routing path, and is associated with the cabinet connection information in the CDD file. It also includes cable function classification information, including at least one of trip cables, current cables, power cables and signal cables.

[0009] Preferably, the equipment described in the IDD file includes at least one of the following: relay protection equipment, process-level intelligent components, measurement and control and automation equipment, safety automatic devices, monitoring backend, gateway, switch, waveform recorder equipment, PMU synchronization phasor device, clock device, network security monitoring device, communication equipment, power supply equipment, switch cabinet, control cabinet, operation box and terminal box, wherein the material code follows a predefined coding rule, which stipulates that the material code is composed of a combination of letters and numbers, and is used for linkage with external asset management system.

[0010] Preferably, the core tag system defined by the XML Schema specification of the SDL language includes: root tag <substation>This includes the substation identification, name, and voltage level attributes; Equipment layer label <devices>, containing one or more <device>Tags, each <device>A tag corresponds to an IDD file, and its child tags include <basicinfo> 、 <functiondesc> 、 <designattributes> 、 <operationattributes> 、 <managementattributes> 、 <electricalparams> 、 <statusinfo>and <comminterfaces>;in <designattributes>The following includes <slot>Label, <slot>The following includes <terminal>Label, <terminal>The attributes include number, name, type, and function definition; Screen cabinet layer label <cubicles>, containing one or more <cubicle>Tags, each <cubicle>A tag corresponds to a CDD file, and its sub-tags include <basicinfo> 、 <deviceinstallation> 、 <spatialrelation> 、 <functiondesc> 、 <designattributes> 、 <operationattributes> 、 <managementattributes> 、 <electricalparams> 、 <statusinfo>and <connections>;in <designattributes>The following includes <materials>Label, <materials>The following includes <material>Label, <material>The following includes <connectionpoint>Label; Cable layer label <cables>, containing one or more <cable>Tags, each <cable>Each tag corresponds to a Cable description module, and its attributes include number, type, function category, length, color, start reference, and end reference. Its child tags... <path>Contains one or more <segment>Tags, each <segment>Describe a path.

[0011] Preferably, the method further includes generating a visual connection diagram of secondary circuits based on the SDD file, supporting hierarchical display by functional type and keyword retrieval; performing fault diagnosis based on the SDD file, locating the fault location according to the fault phenomenon, and generating safety ticket content.

[0012] Preferably, the digital description file (SDD) of the substation secondary circuit is based on XML format and described using SDL (Substation Description Language), including basic substation information, equipment layer information, cabinet layer information, and cable information; wherein the equipment layer information includes one or more IDD files, the cabinet layer information includes one or more CDD files, and the cable information includes one or more Cable description modules.

[0013] Preferably, the digital description file (SDD) for the secondary circuits of the substation supports integration with the RFID tag system, enabling real-time query and interactive updates of equipment status.

[0014] This invention proposes a digital description tool for substation secondary circuits, comprising: The digital design module is used to draw the cabinet layout diagram and the cable connection diagram of the whole station. Based on the design operation, it automatically generates the device digital description file (IDD), cabinet digital description file (CDD), and cable description module, and compiles and outputs the substation secondary circuit digital description file (SDD) that conforms to the SDL language specification. The drawing recognition and conversion module is used to import secondary circuit design drawings in PDF or DWG format. It uses image recognition and information extraction technology to obtain equipment, terminal, connection and cable information in the drawings, and generates an initial SDD file after association and template filling. The data maintenance and update module is used to receive real-time status data from the substation monitoring system or manually entered inspection information, and to update and manage the status attributes and operation and maintenance attributes of the corresponding equipment or materials in the generated SDD file.

[0015] This invention proposes a digital description application system for substation secondary circuits, comprising: The visualization module is used to parse the hierarchical topology and connection relationships in the SDD file, generate a visualization of the secondary loops of the entire site or a specified range, and supports hierarchical display by device, function, and interval, as well as quick keyword retrieval. The intelligent diagnostic and safety measure generation module is used to perform topology tracing and fault location when a fault occurs, based on the precise physical connection and functional attributes described in the SDD file, and to extract relevant cabinet, terminal and pressure plate information to fill the operation items of the safety measure ticket. The mobile inspection and status interaction module is used to associate the equipment and material identifiers in the SDD file with the on-site RFID or QR code tags. By scanning with a mobile terminal, it enables real-time access to equipment information, status queries, and reverse entry and updating of on-site inspection results.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention realizes a unified digital description of the secondary circuits of substations. By dividing the substation into equipment layer, cabinet layer, and substation layer, and using CDD and Cable information to describe the cables, a complete, clear, and structured description of the secondary physical circuits of the entire station is achieved, solving the problem of inconsistent information caused by the dual description method in the prior art.

[0017] 2. This invention improves the level of digitalization of substation secondary circuits, and realizes comprehensive monitoring and intelligent management of substation secondary circuits through SDD files, providing a solid model foundation for advanced applications of secondary circuits and full-station secondary digital twins.

[0018] 3. This invention effectively improves the efficiency of secondary circuit operation and maintenance and management. Through the structured description of SDD files, it makes fault diagnosis, safety ticket generation and other operations more accurate and reliable, and reduces fault handling errors caused by inaccurate information. 4. This invention realizes the intelligent construction and optimization of visualized secondary loop diagrams. Through the XML format of SDD files and the description of SDL language, it achieves a clearer display of loop connection relationships and operating status, meeting the visualization requirements of actual substation needs. 5. This invention enhances the intelligence and automation of substation secondary circuits. Through the automatic generation of SDD files and image recognition and conversion, it realizes global digital control and intelligent management of substation secondary circuits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an embodiment of a method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation: The SDL language described in this invention is an XML-based markup language specifically designed for describing secondary circuits in substations. Its syntax follows a predefined XML Schema definition file. This schema defines the structure, tag system, attribute sets, and data type constraints of the SDD file, ensuring that SDD files generated by different tools have a unified and parsable format. Specifically: The core tag system of the SDL language includes: (1) Root tag <substation>This represents the entire substation and includes its basic information attributes.

[0022] (2) Equipment layer label <devices>, containing one or more <device>Tags, each <device>Each corresponds to an IDD file.

[0023] <device>The attributes of the tag include id (unique device identifier), name (device name), model (model number), manufacturer (manufacturer), materialCode (material code), and graphMappingId (graph mapping ID).

[0024] <device>The child tags include <basicinfo>(Basic Information) <functiondesc>(Function Description) <designattributes>(Design Attributes) <operationattributes>(Operations and Maintenance Attributes) <managementattributes>(Management Attributes) <electricalparams>(Electrical parameters) <statusinfo>(Status information) and <comminterfaces>(Communication interface).

[0025] <designattributes>The following includes <slot>Tags are used to describe the board configuration. <slot>Include <terminal>Labels are used to describe the terminals. <terminal>The attributes include number (terminal number), name (terminal name), type (terminal type), and function (function definition).

[0026] (3) Screen cabinet layer label <cubicles>Contains one or more <cubicle>Tags, each <cubicle>It corresponds to a CDD file.

[0027] <cubicle>The attributes include id, name, model, location (installation location), materialCode, and graphMappingId.

[0028] <cubicle>The child tags include <basicinfo> 、 <deviceinstallation>(Equipment installation location, including coordinates) <spatialrelation>(Spatial relationship) <functiondesc> 、 <designattributes>(Including bill of materials) <materials>The material includes <connectionpoints>Used to define connection points <operationattributes> 、 <managementattributes> 、 <electricalparams> 、 <statusinfo> 、 <connections>(Connection relationship).

[0029] <connections>The tag contains one or more <connection>Tags, each <connection>Describes a physical connection, with attributes including: from (starting point, in the format of "device ID / board number / terminal number" or "material ID / connection point"), to (ending point, in the same format), and wireType (wire type).

[0030] (4) Cable layer label <cables>Contains one or more <cable>Tags, each <cable>Each corresponds to a Cable description module.

[0031] <cable>The attributes include id (unique cable number), type (cable type), function (functional category), length (length), color (color), startPoint (start point, referencing cabinet ID and terminal ID), and endPoint (end point, referencing cabinet ID and terminal ID).

[0032] <cable>child tags <path>Describe the routing path, containing one or more <segment>Tags, each <segment>Describes a path, with attributes including from, to, and via (the passageway or bridge it passes through).

[0033] The above-mentioned type constraints include, but are not limited to, the following: The materialCode type is a string, with a format of "letters + numbers" and a length not exceeding 20 characters.

[0034] The terminal type enumeration values ​​include singlePointInput, doublePointInput, tripOutput, closeOutput, powerPositive, and powerNegative.

[0035] The cable function enumeration values ​​include trip, current, voltage, power, signal, and communication.

[0036] Through the above schema definition, any XML file conforming to the SDL specification can be correctly read and verified by the parsing tool, ensuring the format uniformity and machine readability of SDD files.

[0037] For the conversion of PDF / DWG drawings of existing substations, this invention provides a detailed image recognition and information extraction algorithm process, which specifically includes the following steps: (1) First, the image is preprocessed. The PDF file is converted into a high-resolution image page by page. The DWG file is converted into an editable set of graphic elements through a vector graphics parsing library. Then, the image is grayscaled and binarized to remove noise and enhance the contrast of lines and text areas. Finally, the table lines and frame lines in the drawing are detected by Hough transform to identify the area positions of the cabinet frame diagram, terminal block table and cable list table.

[0038] (2) Recognize graphic elements, specifically: For the identification of cabinets and equipment, it is necessary to identify the rectangular frames in the drawings through contour detection, and combine the results of text recognition within the frames to determine whether it is a cabinet frame diagram. If keywords such as "cabinet number" or "cabinet name" are identified, the rectangular area is marked as a cabinet, and its number and name are extracted.

[0039] For terminal block identification, it is necessary to detect the table structure and identify the rows and columns. If the table header contains keywords such as "terminal number," "external wiring," or "internal wiring," the table is identified as a terminal block diagram. The table is then parsed row by row to extract information such as the terminal number, the destination of external wiring, and the destination of internal wiring.

[0040] For cable inventory identification, the table structure needs to be recognized. If the table header contains keywords such as "cable number," "start point," "end point," "model," or "length," then the table is identified as a cable inventory. The table is then parsed line by line to extract complete information for each cable.

[0041] For identifying schematic diagrams, it is necessary to use connected component analysis to identify the graphic symbols in the diagram and perform template matching with a predefined symbol library to identify the device components. Simultaneously, the connecting lines are detected, and the coordinates of their start and end points are recorded. These graphic symbols include, but are not limited to, relay contacts, coils, and terminal symbols.

[0042] (3) Perform OCR recognition on the text areas in the drawings to extract the text content and its coordinate position in the drawings. Associate the recognized text with graphic elements. For example, if the terminal number text is close to the terminal symbol, the text is used as the terminal number; if the cable number text is close to the cable line, the text is used as the cable number. For text in tables, locate the text using the table's row and column coordinates and fill the text into the corresponding table cells.

[0043] (4) Construct a rule engine to associate and integrate the extracted fragmented information. Specifically: Rule 1 establishes a cabinet-device association: if a device name is located within a cabinet frame, then an inclusion relationship is established between the device and the cabinet.

[0044] Rule 2 is a terminal-connection association. If the "external wiring" field of a terminal is described as "to XX screen XX terminal", then the description is parsed, the target cabinet and the target terminal are extracted, and a cross-screen connection relationship is established.

[0045] Rule 3 is the cable-start-end point association, which is the description of "start point" and "end point" in the cable list. The cabinet identifier and terminal identifier are parsed out by regular expression, and fuzzy matching is performed with the identified cabinets and terminals to establish the association between the cable and the terminals at both ends.

[0046] Rule 4 is for path analysis. If the drawing contains a cable laying path diagram, the cable routing path can be extracted by recognizing the path lines and annotation text.

[0047] (5) Populate the associated structured data into the predefined IDD, CDD, and Cable templates. For each field, assign a confidence level based on the reliability of the information source. If the data comes directly from the table and is unambiguous, the confidence level is 100%; if the data comes from image recognition and has a high matching degree, the confidence level is 80-90%; if the data comes from fuzzy matching or requires manual inference, the confidence level is lower than 80%, and the file is marked "Pending manual confirmation". Finally, generate an initial SDD file draft and generate a list of data items to be confirmed, listing data items with a confidence level lower than the threshold or logical contradictions.

[0048] (6) A graphical verification interface is provided, which displays the identified structured data side by side with the original drawings for manual verification item by item. This interface supports manual correction of erroneous identification items, supplementation of missing attributes, and recording of modification logs. After confirmation that there are no errors, the system regenerates a complete SDD file based on the corrected data.

[0049] The template library for this method contains three types of templates: IDD templates, CDD templates, and Cable templates. Each type of template is a semi-structured XML fragment containing a fixed tag structure and variable placeholders. Its population rules include: (1) For fields with specific formats such as equipment model or material code, use regular expressions to extract them from the recognition text.

[0050] (2) For the attribution relationship between equipment and terminals, the distance is calculated based on the graphic coordinates. If the coordinates of a terminal are located within the graphic area of ​​a certain equipment and the distance is less than the threshold, then the terminal is determined to belong to the equipment.

[0051] (3) For connection relationships, check whether a closed loop is formed. If A is connected to B, B is connected to C, and C is connected to A, it is judged as a logical error and manual confirmation is triggered.

[0052] (4) For attributes that are not explicitly stated in the drawings but are required by the template, semantic inference is made based on the text description of the terminal, default values ​​are assigned, and they are marked in the list to be confirmed.

[0053] Using the templates and rules described above, the system can quickly and accurately populate the identified fragmented information into the standardized digital model, ensuring the structural integrity and semantic correctness of the generated SDD file.

[0054] This method uses a three-level hierarchical architecture to model the substation secondary system, specifically: (1) At the equipment layer, a single intelligent electronic device or device is used as the description object. This layer is implemented through a digital description file of the device, which not only contains the basic identity information of the device, but also integrates material codes, graphic mapping, detailed design attributes based on functions, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, specific electrical parameters, and real-time or near-real-time status information. The various types of substation equipment described include relay protection equipment, process-level intelligent components, measurement and control and automation equipment, safety automatic devices, monitoring backend, gateway machines, switches, waveform recorders, PMU synchronization phasor devices, clock devices, network security monitoring devices, communication equipment, power supply equipment, switch cabinets, control cabinets, operating boxes and terminal boxes, etc.

[0055] For example, the basic information of the measurement and control device includes equipment number CK0311, equipment name "110kV line measurement and control device", model "CES-7411", and manufacturing date "June 30, 2020"; material code "CK11033013521E", graphic mapping "0d99e745-e310-4ae7-99a5-14d84d9a650d", and functional description information "substation cable 06 bay switch and electrical quantity acquisition equipment". The design attributes include board configuration, such as slot 01 for power board, slot 02 for management board, slot 03 for input board, slot 04 for output board, and slot 05 for current board, as well as terminal information on each board, such as the input board having 16 terminals, each terminal numbered from 01 to 16, and terminal names sequentially as input 01, output 02, output 03, output 04, output 05, and output 06. The system includes input 02, input 03, etc., as well as terminal attributes, such as input 01 being a single-point input terminal and input 12 being a double-point input terminal; maintenance attributes include the attribute information required for maintenance, such as input 12 being a circuit breaker position input terminal, which determines that this terminal cannot be connected to the isolation grounding switch position information; management attributes include device program verification, such as E47B; electrical parameters include the device's electrical information, such as rated power supply being DC 220V and rated signal power supply being +5V; status information includes device indicator lights, such as a "red" indicator light indicating an abnormality, usually requiring emergency handling; a "yellow" indicator light indicating an alarm, requiring handling; and a "green" indicator light indicating normal operation; communication interface information includes the device's external communication information, such as interface type being "RS485", interface number being "COM1", and communication protocol being "IEC 60870-5-101", etc.

[0056] (2) At the cabinet level, the physical cabinet is used as the description object. This layer is implemented through the cabinet digital description file. The CDD not only describes the basic information of the cabinet itself, but also defines the equipment installation location, spatial position relationship, material code, graphic mapping, functional description, design attributes, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, electrical parameters, status information, connection relationship and physical connection relationship between materials. For example, it precisely describes that "the Y terminal of the X board of device 1 is connected to the Z terminal of the vertical terminal block of this cabinet through the wire in the cabinet".

[0057] For example, the basic information of the cabinet includes cabinet number CKG1-1, cabinet name "110kV#1 Line A Measurement and Control Panel", model "CKP-160", and installation location "relay protection room"; the equipment installation location includes equipment number 1-1n and installation coordinates "East 2m, South 3m"; the material code is "CKP97350012371"; the graphic model mapping is "ab56a282-68e7-475a-80c4-e5c82a8d49f8"; and the function description is "110kV#1 Line A Measurement and Control Device Panel". The design attributes include cabinet body attributes, cabinet material categories, cabinet material attributes, and material terminal attributes. Cabinet body attributes include dimensions (height 2260 mm, width 800 mm or 600 mm, depth 600 mm), color (brownish-gray), and door type (front opening). Cabinet material information includes categories such as circuit breakers, pressure plates, vertical terminals, buttons, handles, and grounding plates. Material information includes names and models, such as pressure plate name "1-4LP1," manufacturer "Chengdu Ruilian," and model "RSH2.5-2E." The material terminals are connection points 01 and 02; the maintenance attributes are the last inspection time "March 18, 2025, 15:00", the inspector "Zhang San", and the inspection result "normal"; the management attributes are the cabinet operation manager "Wang Wu" and the automation manager "Li Si"; the electrical parameters are the rated power supply as AC 220V; the status information is that the circuit breaker status is closed, the pressure plate status is open, and the handle is in the initial position; the connection relationship includes the connection relationship with the equipment layer equipment as "the vertical terminal of the cabinet 1-4Q1D:1 and the 101 terminal of the measurement and control device access board 01" etc.

[0058] (3) At the substation level, a global view of the substation's secondary system is described. This level integrates the overall information of the substation and organizes the entire substation's IDD and CDD file sets through reference relationships. It describes the substation's basic information, the inclusion relationships between the equipment and cabinet levels, design information, spatial location relationships, and cable information. Cable information is implemented through the Cable description module, which is used to specifically describe the physical cables connecting different cabinets or terminal boxes. Each Cable record includes its unique number, type, functional classification, specifications, length, start and end points, and actual wiring path. The Cable description module is associated with the cabinet connection information in the CDD file to realize the correspondence between cables and cabinets. In this way, the SDD file realizes a complete description of the substation's secondary physical circuits.

[0059] For example, the basic information of the substation includes the substation number YS1-1, the substation name "a certain substation", and the overall layout as "outdoor-GIS room-relay protection room", etc.; the mapping relationship between the equipment layer and the cabinet layer includes "measurement and control device-measurement and control cabinet", "transformer 1-power distribution equipment control cabinet 2", etc.; the cable information is implemented through the Cable description module, which is used to describe the physical cables for electrical connections between the secondary entities of the substation, including the cable type as "XLPE", the number as "YS1-1-1", the length as "50 meters", and the routing path as "GIS control cabinet-relay protection room measurement and control panel", etc.

[0060] The generation of SDD files is explained in detail below: (1) During the substation design phase, a dedicated digital design tool that supports this method is used. Designers can directly draw the white diagram of the cabinet and the blueprint of the substation in the tool. The tool automatically generates structured IDD, CDD and Cable data in the background according to the design operation, and finally assembles them into a standard SDD file. This method ensures that design is modeling, thus making the data source unique and accurate.

[0061] (2) For a large number of existing substations that have been put into operation, the existing data is only PDF / DWG drawings. This method provides an identification and conversion tool. Using image recognition technology, it automatically extracts key text and graphic information from the panel block diagram, equipment list, terminal block diagram, and cable list from the drawings. Through intelligent matching algorithm, it fills them into the preset IDD, CDD, and Cable related template library to generate the initial SDD file. Manually, only necessary verification and supplementation are required to quickly complete the digital archiving of historical stations.

[0062] Instructions for updating SDD files are as follows: (1) This document can be connected to the substation's monitoring system or online monitoring system to automatically update the status information of the equipment in the IDD and the status of certain materials in the CDD.

[0063] (2) After the inspection is carried out by the mobile inspection App or by the maintenance personnel on site, the inspection results can be manually updated to the corresponding maintenance attribute field of the SDD to form a closed-loop management.

[0064] The application of SDD files will be explained in detail below: (1) The application system reads the SDD file and can automatically assemble a panoramic view of the secondary circuits of the entire substation. Users can choose to view the associated circuits of specific bays, specific functions, or specific equipment. The system can clearly display the complete path from the source equipment terminals to the connections and physical cables in the cabinet, to the end equipment in a graphical way, and display the real-time status of each node.

[0065] (2) When the protection device alarms or trips, the diagnostic system can call the SDD file. By analyzing the device IDD associated with the alarm information and tracing along the physical connection topology described by the CDD and Cable, the possible fault point can be quickly located. When generating the safety measure ticket for fault handling, the system can automatically fill in the specific cabinet name, pressure plate number, terminal number and safety isolation suggestion to be operated, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of ticketing.

[0066] (3) Install RFID or QR code tags on field equipment or cabinets, and bind the tag ID to the unique identifier of the material in the SDD. Maintenance personnel can scan the tag with the inspection terminal to retrieve all attributes, historical maintenance records and circuit information of the material in real time, and can update the status directly on the terminal to realize real-time interaction between physical entities and digital models.

[0067] This invention provides Embodiment 1: This example uses a 110kV line bay of a 220kV smart substation to illustrate the application of SDD files throughout their entire lifecycle, from design to operation and maintenance. Specifically: S1. Construct a digital description file (SDD) for the substation secondary circuits based on XML format, and perform three-layer structure modeling: First, equipment-level modeling is performed. Designers use a substation engineering design platform that integrates the method of this invention to create an IDD for the "110kV #1 line protection and control integrated device". After filling in basic information such as name and model, the structured terminal information is defined according to the actual board configuration and function of the device. Under the virtual "Input Board", the functional attribute of terminal "1n101" is defined as "Circuit Breaker Position (Open)" and terminal "1n102" is defined as "Circuit Breaker Position (Closed)" and its type is marked as "Dual Point Input". Under the "Output Board", terminal "1o201" is defined as "A Phase Trip Output" and its output characteristic is marked as "Hard Contact, Normally Open". At the same time, under the "Power Board", terminals "1P+" and "1P-" are defined as "DC Operating Power Supply (220VDC) Input". The platform will automatically generate a unique IDD file containing these extended attributes for each device.

[0068] Then, the cabinet layer modeling is performed. Designers create the CDD (Content Design Model) of the "110kV #1 Line Protection and Control Panel" on the same platform. First, the physical attributes of the cabinet, such as size, color, and installation location in "Relay Protection Room Position 3," are defined. Then, in the digital layout drawing of the cabinet, the previously created "110kV" model is dragged from the material library. Example of "#1 Integrated Line Protection and Control Device": Physical materials such as vertical terminal block numbered "4D", operating pressure plate numbered "1LP1", and air switch numbered "1KK" are placed. Then, the physical connection relationship inside the cabinet is precisely defined in a graphical connection method. The "A-phase trip output (1o201)" terminal of the device is connected to the inlet end (terminal number 1) of "pressure plate 1LP1", and the outlet end (terminal number 2) of "pressure plate 1LP1" is connected to the first terminal of "vertical terminal block 4D". At the same time, the positive power terminal "1P+" of the device is connected to the lower port of "air switch 1KK", and the upper port of the air switch is connected to the positive power busbar at the top of the cabinet. All these connection relationships, material attributes and their spatial location information are recorded in a structured way in the CDD file.

[0069] Next, the substation layer and cables are modeled. In the station-level view or cable connection diagram module of the engineering design platform, the designer draws the physical cable connection between the "110kV #1 line protection and control panel" and the "110kV #1 line intelligent terminal cabinet". The cable is assigned a unique number "Cable-1101-01" and its detailed attributes are defined, including type "shielded control cable", function classification "tripping circuit", specifications, length and start and end point information. The start point is associated with "vertical terminal block 4D:1" in the protection panel CDD and the end point is associated with "input terminal block X1:1" in the intelligent terminal cabinet CDD. At the same time, the actual laying path of the cable is drawn or specified in the graphical interface, including "leading out from the bottom of the protection panel cabinet, passing through the cable tray B, passing through the cable trench in the GIS room, and finally connecting to the intelligent terminal cabinet". The platform automatically generates a structured cable description module based on these operations. This module not only contains the cable's own attributes, but also associates it with the CDD file of the panel where the start and end points are located through a unique reference identifier.

[0070] Finally, after completing the modeling of all equipment layers and cabinet layers, and defining the cable connections and paths for the entire substation, the digital design platform will automatically compile and integrate all generated IDD file sets, CDD file sets, and cable description modules, and then add the substation-level summary information, following the predefined XML and using SDL language for tagging and encapsulation, ultimately generating a complete digital description file of the substation secondary circuits.

[0071] S2 allows construction teams to view visual wiring diagrams generated from SDD files on mobile devices for construction layout. After completion, the actual cable numbers and equipment asset numbers can be reverse-checked and updated in the SDD file, forming the final digital model for handover to the operation and maintenance unit.

[0072] In S3, during the operation and maintenance phase, when the monitoring system reports an alarm for "110kV #1 line protection trip output", the operation and maintenance engineer triggers the diagnostic process in the integrated system. The background system immediately parses the SDD file, first locating the corresponding protection device's IDD file based on the alarm signal, and finding the specific logical terminal defined as "A phase trip output". Then, it queries the CDD file of the cabinet to which the device belongs, retrieving the specific physical connection relationship between the logical terminal and "vertical terminal block 4D:1" via "pressure plate 1LP1" in the cabinet. Subsequently, by querying the Cable description module of the substation layer, it automatically associates it with the physical cable "Cable-1101-01" starting from this terminal, and obtains its path information and the connection point at the other end. The system integrates this data and automatically generates a visual fault tracing path diagram showing key nodes, and outputs a diagnostic report containing specific location suggestions such as "check pressure plate 1LP1 status" and "check cable Cable-1101-01 and its terminal connections at both ends". This transforms the traditional manual analysis process that relies on drawings and experience into an automated and precise analysis completed in seconds.

[0073] When a safety measure ticket needs to be issued for the maintenance of the aforementioned protection devices, the maintenance personnel select the target device or the corresponding work task in the ticketing system. The system background automatically calls the SDD file, first obtaining its identifier and functional description from the device's IDD, and then locating the corresponding CDD file according to the inclusion relationship between the device and the cabinet. From this file, all physical isolation point information related to the maintenance of the device is extracted, such as the precise number of the "trip outlet pressure plate" to be operated and its location in the cabinet, and the number of the "vertical terminal block" of the cabinet connected to the device's circuit and its specific terminal number. The system automatically fills this descriptive information into the key fields of the standard template of the safety measure ticket, instantly generating specific and directly executable operation items.

[0074] This invention provides Embodiment 2: This example describes the digital transformation of a 110kV substation that has been in operation for many years. The substation has no SCD files, only paper and DWG drawings.

[0075] S1 first imports all secondary wiring diagrams, terminal block diagrams, cabinet layout diagrams, and cable lists from the entire station into a dedicated drawing recognition and conversion system in DWG and PDF format. This system performs batch automated processing of unstructured drawings, identifies and extracts cabinet numbers, names, and internal equipment lists from cabinet layout diagrams, locates and reads each terminal number and its accompanying descriptive text (such as "trip to control box") from terminal block diagrams, captures key fields such as cable numbers, start and end points, and model specifications from cable lists, and parses the logical connection relationships between devices from schematic wiring diagrams, thus initially converting information scattered across multiple drawings into machine-readable data.

[0076] S2 processes and associates the extracted data. Based on predefined IDD, CDD, and Cable data model templates, the associated structured data is automatically filled into the corresponding fields, quickly generating a draft digital description file with a complete topology. For data with low confidence or logical contradictions, the system will mark it and generate a list to be confirmed. Finally, after several days of centralized manual verification, supplementing the functional and maintenance attributes not clearly defined in the drawings, and resolving the contradictions prompted by the system, an accurate SDD file for the existing substation is formed, completing the transformation from traditional drawing data to a structured digital model.

[0077] This invention provides embodiment 3: This example illustrates the tools for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation. Specifically: This tool is a software platform whose digital design module provides designers with a graphical interface where users can directly select equipment, arrange cabinets, configure terminal blocks, and draw cable routes.

[0078] When a designer drags a protection device icon into the cabinet drawing and defines its board, the module's backend automatically invokes the digital design module, guiding the user to fill in the basic equipment information and structurally define the functional attributes of each terminal. When connecting the device's terminal to a pressure plate within the cabinet, and pulling a cable from the cabinet containing that pressure plate to another cabinet in the station-level drawing, the module not only establishes the connection line on the drawing but also automatically generates the corresponding CDD internal connection record and a Cable description module containing start and end point references, path information, and functional type at the data layer. After the design is completed, the module compiles and packages all IDD, CDD, and Cable data with a single click, outputting a complete SDD file.

[0079] For the renovation of existing power plants, the tool's drawing recognition and conversion module starts working. It imports messy historical DWG / PDF drawings, uses OCR technology to recognize the text in the labels and tables, and uses graphic algorithms to analyze wiring symbols and cable routes. It cleans and associates the extracted fragmented information and fills it into the corresponding digital template, initially generating a structured SDD file draft, which greatly reduces the amount of manual data entry.

[0080] Throughout the lifecycle of the SDD file, the data maintenance and update module provides an interface to connect with the substation monitoring system. It automatically receives and parses communication status and self-test alarm signals uploaded by the devices, then precisely updates the "status information" attribute of the corresponding IDD in the SDD file. Simultaneously, this module also provides a manual editing interface for maintenance personnel, allowing them to update the on / off status of the pressure plates in the CDD and record equipment maintenance history, based on periodic inspection results. It also maintains a complete version change log, ensuring the synchronization and traceability of the digital model with the physical world.

[0081] This invention provides embodiment 4: This example illustrates the application system of digital description of substation secondary circuits, specifically: This application system uses the SDD file generated by the aforementioned tools as the sole trusted data source, building an application ecosystem oriented towards operation and maintenance. After reading the SDD file, the system's visualization module first parses its hierarchical structure, and then calls the corresponding graphic symbol library according to the "graphic model mapping ID," automatically rendering a panoramic visualization interface of the substation's secondary system on the screen. Users can not only browse the overall cabinet layout, but also, through simple clicks or searches, the driving module automatically highlights and renders all the equipment, terminals, and cables involved in the circuit and their current status based on the connection relationships in the SDD (from the IDD logical terminals to the CDD internal wiring, and then to the cable cross-screen connection), forming a clear diagram, thus replacing the traditional method of manually piecing together drawings.

[0082] When a fault occurs, the intelligent diagnostic and safety measure generation module is activated. If the monitoring system pushes a "switch control circuit disconnection" signal, the module immediately locates the signal source device in the SDD, and then performs bidirectional topology tracing along the physical connection network described by the Cable and CDD to quickly filter out the cable segment or intermediate connection terminal that may be faulty, forming a list of suspected fault points sorted by probability. If the faulty device needs to be repaired, the module will automatically generate a draft safety measure ticket containing specific operation items based on the safety procedures and the precise device function attributes and terminal types in the SDD, such as "In the XX protection panel, exit the 'trip output pressure plate' with the number 1LP1". This content can be directly used for on-site execution.

[0083] At the field operation level, the mobile inspection and status interaction module achieves the integration of digital and physical space by binding the unique identification code of each device or cabinet in the SDD file with the RFID or QR code tag affixed to the physical object. Maintenance personnel use a mobile terminal equipped with this module to scan the field equipment tag, and the terminal immediately retrieves the complete IDD / CDD information, circuit diagram and historical records of the device from the local or cloud, and can enter the inspection results on site. The updated data will be synchronously transmitted back to the central system, driving the update of the maintenance attributes in the SDD file, forming a closed-loop system.

[0084] This invention provides a comparative example: This comparative example selects a 110kV substation bay, which contains approximately 15 secondary switchgear panels, involving about 20 pieces of equipment such as protection, measurement and control, and intelligent terminals, and about 120 secondary cables. The traditional method relying on paper drawings and scattered SCD files (comparative example) and this invention (experimental group) were used respectively to complete the tasks of full-circuit tracing, safety measure ticket generation, preliminary fault location, and data consistency verification. The time taken and accuracy were recorded, and the results are shown in the table below.

[0085]

[0086] As shown in the table above, traditional methods rely on manual review of drawings and experience-based judgment, which are time-consuming, have limited accuracy, and are prone to errors in various tasks. In contrast, this invention, through automatic machine parsing of structured data and topological relationships, significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of various tasks. The time for full-loop tracing has been reduced from nearly one hour to within two minutes, the error rate for safety ticket generation has been reduced from about 5% to almost zero, the fault location response has been accelerated from minutes to seconds and achieved precise location, and data verification has been transformed from difficult to perform to highly efficient and operable. These data demonstrate that this invention not only significantly improves operational efficiency and security, but also solves the problem of information fragmentation by providing a unified and structured digital model for secondary systems.

[0087] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.< / segment> < / segment> < / path> < / cable> < / cable> < / cable> < / cable> < / cables> < / connection> < / connection> < / connections> < / connections> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / connectionpoints> < / materials> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / spatialrelation> < / deviceinstallation> < / basicinfo> < / cubicle> < / cubicle> < / cubicle> < / cubicle> < / cubicles> < / terminal> < / terminal> < / slot> < / slot> < / designattributes> < / comminterfaces> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / basicinfo> < / device> < / device> < / device> < / device> < / devices> < / substation> < / segment> < / segment> < / path> < / cable> < / cable> < / cables> < / connectionpoint> < / material> < / material> < / materials> < / materials> < / designattributes> < / connections> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / spatialrelation> < / deviceinstallation> < / basicinfo> < / cubicle> < / cubicle> < / cubicles> < / terminal> < / terminal> < / slot> < / slot> < / designattributes> < / comminterfaces> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / basicinfo> < / device> < / device> < / devices> < / substation>

Claims

1. A method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construct a digital description file (SDD) for the secondary circuit of the substation based on XML format. The SDD file follows the predefined SDL language specification, which defines the file structure, tag system, attribute set and data type constraints. S2 uses a hierarchical model to describe the substation secondary system, which includes an equipment layer, a cabinet layer, and a substation layer. At the equipment level, various types of equipment in the substation are described through the Device Digital Description File (IDD), including basic equipment information, material codes, diagram mapping, functional description, design attributes, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, electrical parameters, status information, and communication interface information. Among them, the design attributes include board configuration information and the number, name, and type definition of terminals on each board. The terminal types include at least single-point input, double-point input, and trip output. At the cabinet level, the installation location, connection relationship, spatial position relationship and attribute information of physical equipment are described by the cabinet digital description file (CDD). The CDD file includes basic cabinet information, equipment installation location coordinates, material code, graphic mapping, functional description, design attributes, operation and maintenance attributes, management attributes, electrical parameters, status information and connection relationship. The connection relationship records the complete path from the device terminal through the materials in the cabinet to the cabinet terminal in a structured manner. At the substation level, SDD files are used to describe the overall layout of the substation, the inclusion relationship between the equipment layer and the cabinet layer, and the cable information and spatial location relationship. S3 describes the physical cables for electrical connections between secondary entities in the substation through the Cable description module, including cable type, number, length, color and routing path, and is associated with the cabinet connection information in the CDD file. It also includes cable function classification information, including at least one of trip cables, current cables, power cables and signal cables.

2. The substation secondary circuit digital description method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The devices described in the IDD file include at least the following: relay protection devices, process-level intelligent components, measurement and control and automation devices, safety automatic devices, monitoring backends, gateways, switches, waveform recorders, PMU synchronization phasor devices, clock devices, network security monitoring devices, communication equipment, power supply equipment, switch cabinets, control cabinets, operating boxes, and terminal boxes. The material codes follow predefined coding rules, which stipulate that the material codes are composed of a combination of letters and numbers and are used for linkage with external asset management systems.

3. The method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core tag system defined by the XML Schema specification of the SDL language includes: root tag <substation> This includes the substation identification, name, and voltage level attributes;< / substation> Equipment layer label <devices>, containing one or more <device>Tags, each <device>A tag corresponds to an IDD file, and its child tags include <basicinfo> 、 <functiondesc> 、 <designattributes> 、 <operationattributes> 、 <managementattributes> 、 <electricalparams> 、 <statusinfo>and <comminterfaces>;in <designattributes>The following includes <slot>Label, <slot>The following includes <terminal>Label, <terminal> The attributes include number, name, type, and function definition;< / terminal> < / terminal> < / slot> < / slot> < / designattributes> < / comminterfaces> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / basicinfo> < / device> < / device> < / devices> Screen cabinet layer label <cubicles>, containing one or more <cubicle>Tags, each <cubicle>A tag corresponds to a CDD file, and its sub-tags include <basicinfo> 、 <deviceinstallation> 、 <spatialrelation> 、 <functiondesc> 、 <designattributes> 、 <operationattributes> 、 <managementattributes> 、 <electricalparams> 、 <statusinfo>and <connections>;in <designattributes>The following includes <materials>Label, <materials>The following includes <material>Label, <material>The following includes <connectionpoint> Label;< / connectionpoint> < / material> < / material> < / materials> < / materials> < / designattributes> < / connections> < / statusinfo> < / electricalparams> < / managementattributes> < / operationattributes> < / designattributes> < / functiondesc> < / spatialrelation> < / deviceinstallation> < / basicinfo> < / cubicle> < / cubicle> < / cubicles> Cable layer label <cables>, containing one or more <cable>Tags, each <cable>Each tag corresponds to a Cable description module, and its attributes include number, type, function category, length, color, start reference, and end reference. Its child tags... <path>Contains one or more <segment>Tags, each <segment> Describe a path.< / segment> < / segment> < / path> < / cable> < / cable> < / cables> 4. The substation secondary circuit digital description method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for generating SDD files involves using digital design tools to draw whiteboard diagrams of cabinets and blueprints of substations, and automatically generating SDD files; or using image recognition technology to extract key information from PDF or DWG files, associate them with a template library, and then convert them to generate SDD files. The SDD file is updated by collecting substation operation data through a real-time monitoring system to update the status information in the SDD file; or by manually updating the SDD file by recording the equipment status through manual inspection.

5. The substation secondary circuit digital description method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method also includes generating a visual connection diagram of secondary circuits based on SDD files, which supports hierarchical display by functional type and keyword retrieval.

6. The method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method also includes fault diagnosis based on SDD files, locating the fault location based on the fault symptoms, and generating safety ticket content.

7. The method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The digital description file (SDD) for the secondary circuits of the substation is based on XML format and described using the SDL language. It includes basic substation information, equipment layer information, cabinet layer information, and cable information. The equipment layer information includes one or more IDD files, the cabinet layer information includes one or more CDD files, and the cable information includes one or more cable description modules.

8. The method for digitally describing the secondary circuits of a substation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The digital description file (SDD) for the secondary circuits of the substation supports integration with the RFID tag system, enabling real-time query and interactive update of equipment status. First, the unique identifier of each device or cabinet in the SDD file is bound to the RFID or QR code tag installed on site. By scanning the tag with a mobile terminal, real-time access to equipment information, status query, and reverse entry and update of on-site inspection results can be achieved.

9. A digital description tool for substation secondary circuits, employing the digital description method for substation secondary circuits as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Including: The digital design module provides a graphical design interface, supporting designers in selecting equipment, laying out cabinets, configuring terminal blocks, and drawing cable paths. It also automatically generates structured IDD, CDD, and Cable data based on the design operations, and then compiles and outputs SDD files that conform to the SDL language specification. The drawing recognition and conversion module is used to import secondary circuit design drawings in PDF or DWG format. It uses image recognition and information extraction technology to obtain equipment, terminal, connection and cable information in the drawings, and generates an initial SDD file after association and template filling. The data maintenance and update module provides an interface with the substation monitoring system, automatically receives real-time status data and updates the status information of corresponding equipment or materials in the SDD file, and also provides a manual editing interface to support manual entry of inspection information and update operation and maintenance attributes, and records a complete version change log.

10. A digital description application system for substation secondary circuits, employing the digital description method for substation secondary circuits as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Including: The visualization module is used to parse the hierarchical topology and connection relationships in the SDD file, generate a visualization of the secondary loops of the entire site or a specified range, and supports hierarchical display by device, function, and interval, as well as quick keyword retrieval. The intelligent diagnostic and safety measure generation module is used to perform topology tracing and fault location when a fault occurs, based on the precise physical connection and functional attributes described in the SDD file, and to extract relevant cabinet, terminal and pressure plate information to fill the operation items of the safety measure ticket. The mobile inspection and status interaction module is used to associate the equipment and material identifiers in the SDD file with the on-site RFID or QR code tags. By scanning with a mobile terminal, it enables real-time access to equipment information, status queries, and reverse entry and updating of on-site inspection results.

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