A quantum state probing method and system

Abstract

This invention discloses a quantum state detection method and system. The method includes the following steps: obtaining the accuracy requirement corresponding to the target quantum state detection task; performing an initial round of repeated measurements on the target quantum state to obtain preliminary measurement results; dynamically determining the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirement based on the preliminary measurement results; and outputting the final probability estimate and its confidence interval based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements. This invention, when performing measurements on a quantum computer, reduces the number of repeated measurements while ensuring the accuracy of the target detection, thereby reducing the time cost of quantum algorithm operation and quantum simulation, and increasing the output per unit time of the quantum information processor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of quantum computing, quantum simulation and quantum precision measurement, and more specifically to a quantum state detection method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In the rapid development of quantum computing and quantum information processing technologies, accurate detection of quantum states is a necessary and crucial step in realizing efficient quantum algorithms, quantum simulations, and precise quantum measurements. In current quantum experimental platforms (such as superconducting quantum computers, ion traps, and optical quantum systems), because quantum state measurements are inherently probabilistic, a single measurement cannot accurately reflect the true physical properties of the quantum state (such as expected value or probability distribution). Therefore, to obtain statistical results that meet specific accuracy requirements, it is necessary to perform multiple repeated measurements on the same quantum state and estimate the true value through statistical averaging.

[0003] In existing quantum state detection methods, the number of repeated measurements is primarily determined using a fixed-number strategy. Specifically, researchers or control systems typically pre-determine a fixed number of repeated measurements based on empirical formulas or worst-case scenarios. In the worst-case scenario, it is usually assumed that the measurement probability of a two-level qubit is P = 0.5, because the variance of the binomial distribution (proportional to P) is... 2 The maximum number of samples is required to reach the target uncertainty. For example, based on a fixed-number strategy, if a confidence level of 95% and an uncertainty not exceeding + / -1% are required, the system will perform approximately 10,000 measurements regardless of the probability distribution of the actual measurement results.

[0004] However, this traditional method of fixed repeated measurements has significant technical drawbacks:

[0005] 1. Severe resource waste and low efficiency: In the actual execution of quantum algorithms, with the iteration of parameter optimization, the quantum state measurement probability P corresponding to many parameter points often deviates drastically from 0.5 (i.e., close to 0 or 1). According to statistical principles, when P is close to 0 or 1, the variance of the data decreases significantly, and the sample size required to achieve the same accuracy is much smaller than the maximum number of repeated measurements. If the maximum number of repeated measurements is still forced at this time, it will lead to a large number of redundant measurements, greatly increasing the time cost of a single run of the quantum algorithm.

[0006] 2. Makes quantum computers more susceptible to noise: Excessive measurement time not only consumes valuable quantum processing time, but also increases the probability that the quantum computer will be affected by noise and experimental parameter drift during algorithm execution time, thus reducing the reliability of the final result.

[0007] 3. Lack of dynamic adaptability: Existing fixed strategies cannot dynamically adjust measurement behavior based on real-time data feedback. They cannot recognize the state where "the current data is accurate enough," nor can they intelligently add measurements when data fluctuates significantly, making it difficult to achieve a balance between excessive and insufficient accuracy.

[0008] While some studies have proposed static sampling schemes based on prior knowledge, these methods rely on pre-assumptions about the distribution of quantum states, making them difficult to adapt to arbitrary probability distributions in the general operation of quantum algorithms. Therefore, the field of quantum computing urgently needs a method that can dynamically evaluate the confidence interval based on real-time measurement results and adaptively adjust the number of repeated measurements, in order to minimize the number of measurements while ensuring detection accuracy and improving the overall operating efficiency of quantum computers. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a quantum state detection method and system that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems. The method dynamically updates the number of repeated measurements based on the measurement results of the quantum state, so as to achieve the required measurement uncertainty with fewer measurements, thereby improving the algorithm execution efficiency of the quantum computing system.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a quantum state detection method, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the accuracy requirements corresponding to the target quantum state detection mission; S2. Perform initial rounds of repeated measurements on the target quantum state to obtain preliminary measurement results; S3. Based on the preliminary measurement results, dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements; S4. Based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements, output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned accuracy requirements specifically include: upper limit of uncertainty. e and confidence level 1 α .

[0012] Furthermore, the initial round is a preset fixed number of times, which is less than the theoretical upper limit of the number of repeated measurements.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, there are three ways to dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements; The first type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results and the upper limit of uncertainty eand confidence level 1 α Calculate the total number of repeated measurements required to meet the accuracy requirements; The second type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results, calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements; If the conditions are met, the total number of repeated measurements is the initial round, and the measurement ends. If the conditions are not met, then the first step is performed on the target quantum state. x Repeated measurements in the initial round yielded the... x The measurement results are grouped together; and based on all the measurement results, the corresponding confidence intervals are calculated until the confidence intervals meet the accuracy requirements. x Indicates the number of iterations. x ≥2, and x It is an integer; The total number of repeated measurements was obtained as follows x Multiply by the initial number of rounds, and the measurement ends; The third type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results, calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements; If the conditions are met, the total number of repeated measurements is the initial round, and the measurement ends. If the conditions are not met, then the first step is performed on the target quantum state. y Repeated measurements were performed to obtain the first... y The measurement results are grouped together; and based on all the measurement results, the corresponding confidence intervals are calculated until the confidence intervals meet the accuracy requirements; wherein, the number of repeated measurements in each round varies based on the total number of repeated measurements calculated from the previous round and all the measurement results before it; y Indicates the number of repeated measurement rounds. y ≥1, and y It is an integer; The total number of repeated measurements is obtained as the initial round and y The measurement ends when the sum of the number of repeated measurements is reached. The total number of repeated measurements is less than or equal to the theoretical maximum required number of repeated measurements.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the total number of repeated measurements that meet the accuracy requirement is as follows:

[0015] in, N This represents the total number of repeated measurements. For the standard normal distribution Quantiles P 1 represents the preliminary measurement results. e This is the upper limit of uncertainty. α The significance level is indicated by .

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a quantum state detection system, employing a quantum state detection method as described in any one of the first aspects, comprising the following modules: Task definition module: used to obtain the accuracy requirements and theoretical upper limit of the number of repeated measurements corresponding to the target quantum state detection task; Measurement module: Used to perform repeated measurements on the target quantum state in the initial rounds to obtain the measurement results; Calculation module: used to dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements based on the preliminary measurement results; Output module: Used to output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements.

[0017] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a quantum state detection method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a quantum state detection method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a quantum state detection method and system, which has the following beneficial effects: First, this invention significantly improves the operational efficiency of quantum experiments. By calculating the confidence interval in real time and dynamically adjusting the number of measurements, this method abandons the traditional fixed large-sample strategy based on the worst-case scenario (P=0.5). When the measurement probability deviates from 0.5, the system can automatically reduce redundant measurements, greatly shortening the single quantum circuit running time while ensuring accuracy. This is especially suitable for scenarios such as variable quantum algorithms that require frequent parameter optimization and heavily rely on measuring different quantum states.

[0020] Secondly, this invention effectively reduces the impact of environmental noise on qubits. Reducing unnecessary repeated measurements means shortening the time the quantum computer operates in noisy environments, reducing the possibility of computational errors caused by parameter fluctuations in noisy environments, and improving the fidelity of the final statistical results.

[0021] Finally, this invention achieves an intelligent balance between accuracy and cost. Without relying on prior distribution assumptions, it adaptively allocates measurement resources based on the actual statistical characteristics of different quantum states. This avoids both invalid data and data retesting caused by insufficient accuracy, and resource waste caused by excessive accuracy, providing an efficient and robust detection scheme for large-scale quantum computing. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive repeatable measurement method for quantum state detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Wilson confidence interval width with a confidence level of 68% for different repeated measurements and different measurement results provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 3 This is an example diagram of Rabi oscillation provided in this embodiment of the invention, where the parameter θ is uniformly distributed from 0 to 2π and 21 parameter points are sampled. Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the number of measurements in the Rabi oscillation test provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is a framework diagram of an adaptive repeatable measurement system for quantum state detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Before discussing the content of this invention, the physical information to which this invention addresses must first be clarified: Quantum states are used to describe the physical state of a quantum system.

[0026] The goal of quantum state detection is to obtain the computational results of a quantum computer by measuring and reconstructing the information of the quantum state.

[0027] Example 1 This invention discloses a quantum state detection method, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the accuracy requirements corresponding to the target quantum state detection mission; S2. Perform initial rounds of repeated measurements on the target quantum state to obtain preliminary measurement results; S3. Based on the preliminary measurement results, dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements; S4. Based on the measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements, output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval.

[0028] This embodiment does not pre-set the number of repetitions. Instead, it calculates the uncertainty of a quantum state in real time based on the actual measurement results and estimates the required number of repetitions, thus saving on the number of repetitions. In early quantum computers, limited by their classical measurement and control modules, only a fixed number of pre-set repetitions could be used when measuring quantum states. Thanks to the development and maturity of quantum computer measurement and control systems, today's quantum computers are capable of supporting the above-mentioned function of calculating the required number of repetitions in real time based on the quantum state measurement results.

[0029] Early fixed number of repetitions N’ The quantum state measurement method, although it guarantees that the measurement uncertainty can be minimized in the worst case. e However, this also means that for most measurement results, the uncertainty is less than [a certain value]. e In other words, for most measurement results, the upper limit of uncertainty can be reached using fewer measurements. e ; and a fixed number of repetitions N’ However, the measurement method consumed unnecessary resources and involved too much repetition.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 As shown, it demonstrates that in N’ =100 and N’ Under the condition of 500 repetitions, the width of the Wilson interval with a confidence level of 68% is obtained for different measurement results. Regardless of the number of repetitions, the width of the confidence interval reaches a maximum at P=0.5; for measurement results deviating from P=0.5, the same number of measurements can produce a smaller confidence interval than at P=0.5, that is, the measurement has a smaller uncertainty.

[0031] This embodiment introduces a method for dynamically updating the number of repeated measurements based on the measurement results of quantum states, so as to achieve the required measurement uncertainty with fewer measurements, thereby improving the algorithm execution efficiency of quantum computing systems.

[0032] Based on the first method of total repeated measurements, this embodiment measures the unknown quantum state by sequentially performing the following steps: 1) Obtain the upper limit of uncertainty for quantum state detection tasks when performing measurements on a quantum computer. e Confidence level 1 α .

[0033] 2) First proceed N One prediction quantity, in this embodiment N 1. Select a small number of measurements, such as 50. N 1 indicates the initial round number set.

[0034] Finish N After one measurement, the quantum measurement and control module obtains an estimate of the quantum state measurement probability. P 1. For example, a certain quantum state in N One measurement occurred k Then the estimated value is P 1 =k / N 1.

[0035] 3) According to P 1. Calculate the confidence level to be obtained. , Scope P 1 The total number of repeated measures required to establish a Wilson confidence interval is given by the equation for the total number of repeated measures N.

[0036] in, N This represents the total number of repeated measurements. For the standard normal distribution Quantiles P 1 represents the preliminary measurement results. e This is the upper limit of uncertainty. α The significance level. For example, to obtain the confidence level is... =68% confidence interval, then look up the table The value is: Z 0.32 =0.99. The different confidence intervals corresponding to this embodiment. The values ​​are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Corresponding to different confidence levels Value table

[0037] 4) Find N Afterwards, if N>N 1. Then the quantum computer continues to repeat the measurement. NN Once, the total number of repeated measurements was obtained. N Then, based on this NThe measurement result updates the quantum state measurement probability P and returns the value of P. If N <N 1. Explain the actions performed in step 1). N A single measurement is sufficient to provide a sufficiently accurate estimate of the quantum state, so a quantum computer does not need to perform further repeated measurements and can return directly. P 1.

[0038] This embodiment applies the above execution steps to the Rabi oscillation experiment of a quantum bit system.

[0039] The Rabi oscillation experiment aims to measure the excited state of a qubit by scanning the duration (or amplitude) of an electromagnetic pulse. The probability of this is determined, thus fitting a sinusoidal oscillation curve and extracting the Rabi frequency and coherence time of the qubit. In other words, quantum states are prepared with different parameters. i The corresponding superposition state And measure its projection on The probability of the state.

[0040] The traditional method of fixed-number repeated measurements is adopted, where the fixed number of repeated measurements is the theoretically maximum required value for repeated measurements in this embodiment. If a 68% confidence level for the measurement results is required with a confidence interval within + / -0.01, at least 2471 quantum state measurements are needed for each parameter. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, if 21 different values ​​of parameter θ, which is evenly distributed between 0 and 2π, are sampled, at least 51,891 measurements are required. Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents parameters that are evenly distributed between 0 and 2π. i The values ​​of are represented on the vertical axis, which indicates the values ​​obtained from measuring the quantum state. The probability of the state.

[0041] In this embodiment, the following adaptive process is executed independently for each sampling point on the Rabi oscillation curve: Set the upper limit of uncertainty as e =0.01, confidence level 68% (α=0.32). Set the initial rounds. N 1 = 100 times. First, for the current sampling point... t i Prepare quantum states and perform N One repeated measurement.

[0042] Assuming the current sampling point t i Approaching the peak of oscillation, the number of excited states was measured to be 99, which constitutes the preliminary measurement result. P 1 = 99 / 100 = 0.99. Substituting into the formula, we get... N≤N If 1, then no further measurements are needed.

[0043] Assuming the current sampling point t i Slightly away from the oscillation peak, the number of excited states was measured to be 90, which is the preliminary measurement result. P 1 = 90 / 100 = 0.9. Substituting into the formula, we get... N ≈852.

[0044] Assuming the current sampling point t i If the excited state is located near the midpoint of the oscillation curve, and the number of excited states is measured to be 50, then the preliminary measurement results are... P 1 = 50 / 100 = 0.5. Substitute into the formula:

[0045] achievable N ≈2471.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the minimum number of repeated measurements for each sampling point is [number missing]. N 1= With 100 measurements, a maximum of 2471 measurements can be taken. Compared to the traditional method of fixing the number of repeated measurements, which involves measuring 2471 times at each sampling point, this method saves nearly half the number of repeated measurements.

[0047] Based on the second adaptive measurement method, this embodiment measures the unknown quantum state, specifically including: 1) and 2) are the same as steps 1) and 2) of the first adaptive measurement method described above.

[0048] 3) According to P 1. Calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements set in step 1).

[0049] If the conditions are met, the measurement ends.

[0050] If the conditions are not met, each initial round is treated as a unit, and the measurement is repeated for the second initial round to obtain a second measurement result; then, based on all current measurement results, the corresponding confidence interval is calculated, until the second initial round is executed. x After repeated measurements in the initial rounds, the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements set in step 1); the measurement ends. x Indicates the number of iterations. x ≥2, and x It is an integer.

[0051] 4) Current x N The quantum state measurement probability P obtained from one repeated measurement analysis is the final probability estimate, and its confidence interval is calculated.

[0052] Based on the third adaptive measurement method, this embodiment measures unknown quantum states through a closed-loop process of "preliminary measurement—confidence interval evaluation—dynamic supplementary measurement." It determines whether and how much additional measurement resources are needed based on the statistical distribution characteristics of the current data, thereby minimizing the total measurement consumption while ensuring accuracy. Specifically, this includes: 1) and 2) are the same as steps 1) and 2) of the first adaptive measurement method described above.

[0053] 3) According to P 1. Calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements set in step 1).

[0054] If the conditions are met, the measurement ends.

[0055] If the conditions are not met, the process enters a cyclical measurement phase, where repeated measurements are performed on the target quantum state. The number of repeated measurements in each round is based on all measurement results from the previous round and earlier, combined with the upper uncertainty limit. e and confidence level 1 α The total number of repeated measurements is dynamically determined. If the calculated total number of repeated measurements (e.g., 1000) is much larger than the number of measurements already taken (e.g., 200), the number of repeated measurements can be increased appropriately (e.g., 1000-200=800 repetitions are performed). If the calculated total number of repeated measurements (e.g., 1000) is small compared to the number of measurements already taken (e.g., 900), the number of repeated measurements can be reduced appropriately (e.g., only 1000-900=100 repetitions are performed).

[0056] This embodiment repeats the execution. y Repeated measurements y Indicates the number of repeated measurement rounds. y ≥1, and y The number of repeated measurements is an integer; the number of repeated measurements is dynamically adjusted based on the first adaptive measurement method; until the corresponding confidence interval is calculated based on all current measurement results, and the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements set in step 1); the measurement ends.

[0057] 4) Initial rounds and y The number of repeated measurements, i.e., the quantum state measurement probability P obtained from all the current repeated measurement analyses, is the final probability estimate, and its confidence interval is calculated.

[0058] Example 2 This invention discloses a quantum state detection system, employing a quantum state detection method as described in Example 1, with reference to... Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following modules: Task definition module: used to obtain the accuracy requirements corresponding to the target quantum state detection task; Measurement module: Used to perform repeated measurements on the target quantum state in the initial rounds to obtain the measurement results; Calculation module: Used to dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements based on preliminary measurement results; Output module: Used to output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements.

[0059] This embodiment analyzes the confidence interval of the measurement results in real time and dynamically during the quantum state measurement process, and terminates the measurement in a timely manner after the measurement accuracy required for specific quantum applications is achieved, thereby saving the number of repeated measurements in the quantum computing system and improving the execution efficiency of the quantum algorithm.

[0060] Example 3 The present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the adaptive repeatable measurement method for quantum state detection according to any one of Embodiment 1.

[0061] Example 4 The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the adaptive repeatable measurement method for quantum state detection according to any one of Embodiment 1.

[0062] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0063] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A quantum state detection method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the accuracy requirements corresponding to the target quantum state detection mission; S2. Perform initial rounds of repeated measurements on the target quantum state to obtain preliminary measurement results; S3. Based on the preliminary measurement results, dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements; S4. Based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements, output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval.

2. The quantum state detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The accuracy requirements specifically include: upper limit of uncertainty. ε and confidence level 1 α .

3. The quantum state detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial rounds are a preset fixed number of times, which is less than the theoretical maximum required number of repeated measurements.

4. The quantum state detection method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S3, there are three ways to dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements; The first type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results and the upper limit of uncertainty ε and confidence level 1 α Calculate the total number of repeated measurements required to meet the accuracy requirements; The second type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results, calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements; If the conditions are met, the total number of repeated measurements is the initial round, and the measurement ends. If the conditions are not met, then the first step is performed on the target quantum state. x Repeated measurements in the initial round yielded the... x The measurement results are grouped together; and based on all the measurement results, the corresponding confidence intervals are calculated until the confidence intervals meet the accuracy requirements. x Indicates the number of iterations. x ≥2, and x It is an integer; The total number of repeated measurements was obtained as follows x Multiply by the initial number of rounds, and the measurement ends; The third type is: Based on the preliminary measurement results, calculate the corresponding confidence interval and determine whether the confidence interval meets the accuracy requirements; If the conditions are met, the total number of repeated measurements is the initial round, and the measurement ends. If the conditions are not met, then the first step is performed on the target quantum state. y Repeated measurements were performed to obtain the first... y The measurement results are grouped together; and based on all the measurement results, the corresponding confidence intervals are calculated until the confidence intervals meet the accuracy requirements; wherein, the number of repeated measurements in each round varies based on the total number of repeated measurements calculated from the previous round and all the measurement results before it; y Indicates the number of repeated measurement rounds. y ≥1, and y It is an integer; The total number of repeated measurements is obtained as the initial round and y The measurement ends when the sum of the number of repeated measurements is reached. The total number of repeated measurements is less than or equal to the theoretical maximum required number of repeated measurements.

5. The quantum state detection method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirement is as follows: in, N This represents the total number of repeated measurements. For the standard normal distribution Quantiles P 1 represents the preliminary measurement results. ε This is the upper limit of uncertainty. α The significance level is indicated by .

6. A quantum state detection system, employing a quantum state detection method as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following modules: Task definition module: used to obtain the accuracy requirements corresponding to the target quantum state detection task; Measurement module: Used to perform repeated measurements on the target quantum state in the initial rounds to obtain the measurement results; Calculation module: used to dynamically determine the total number of repeated measurements to meet the accuracy requirements based on the preliminary measurement results; Output module: Used to output the final probability estimate and its confidence interval based on the corresponding measurement results obtained from the total number of repeated measurements.

7. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements a quantum state detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements a quantum state detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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