A blockchain-based virtual power plant adjustable resource rwa transaction system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a blockchain-based Virtual Power Plant Adjustable Resource (RWA) trading system and method, relating to the field of blockchain energy trading technology. The system determines the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on its operating parameters and generates a directional reachability flag. A security unit digitally signs the data containing the directional reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. Blockchain nodes verify the receipt's validity and update the resource circuit breaker status in the distributed ledger based on the directional reachability flag. The system performs directional constraint verification on scheduling requests based on the current resource circuit breaker status. If the requested power direction is not blocked, a scheduling event is generated, and the device executes the action and provides feedback on the execution proof via a smart terminal. This invention achieves fine-grained management and asymmetric control of the execution capability of distributed energy devices, effectively improving the utilization rate of adjustable resources in a virtual power plant while ensuring security.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blockchain energy trading technology, specifically to a blockchain-based virtual power plant adjustable resource RWA trading system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of energy digital transformation, leveraging virtual power plant technology to aggregate massive distributed energy resources and participate in electricity market transactions has become a core trend in the industry. As a new type of market player, virtual power plants play a crucial role in medium- and long-term electricity trading, spot electricity trading, and ancillary services markets. Especially in the spot electricity market, the aggregated distributed resources must possess extremely high responsiveness and status transparency. Existing technologies typically treat various adjustable facilities such as electrochemical energy storage systems, photovoltaic inverters, air conditioning systems, distributed wind turbines, diesel generator sets, and smart lighting systems as Real-World Assets (RWAs). These are connected to blockchain networks via IoT smart terminals, mapping the operational status of the equipment in real time to on-chain digital credentials. Smart contracts then execute automated scheduling decisions and transaction settlements based on these credentials, thereby constructing a trustworthy trading system that facilitates collaborative interaction between the real and digital worlds.

[0003] However, in the existing technical architecture, there is a technical problem of mismatched state mapping granularity between the underlying equipment's operational protection mechanism and the upper-layer blockchain scheduling strategy. Traditional equipment management systems typically employ a singular, overall protection logic. Once the internal operating parameters of the equipment are detected to have reached the protection threshold, a general fault code or shutdown signal is often generated directly, without the ability to finely characterize the power flow direction targeted by the protection state. This lack of directional dimension in the state feedback mechanism causes the upper-layer blockchain distributed ledger to be unable to identify whether a device is restricted only in a single flow direction when synchronizing state through smart terminals. Consequently, it is forced to adopt a conservative strategy of full blocking, directly depriving the device of its scheduling rights in all directions. This technical defect, where unidirectional restriction leads to bidirectional shutdown, causes resources that originally still have adjustment capabilities in a specific flow direction to be incorrectly marked as completely unavailable, resulting in unnecessary idleness of adjustable resources and reducing asset utilization and system adjustment flexibility in the virtual power plant trading system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a blockchain-based RWA (Responsive Virtual Power Plant) trading system and method for adjustable resources. This system solves the problem of mismatched state mapping granularity between the underlying equipment protection mechanism and the on-chain scheduling strategy in existing technologies. This mismatch leads to the blocking of overall scheduling rights due to the limitation of a single power direction of the equipment, resulting in unnecessary idleness and low utilization of adjustable resources.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The system collects the operating parameters of distributed energy devices through a smart terminal with a built-in security unit, determines the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on the operating parameters, generates a direction reachability flag, and uses the security unit to digitally sign the data containing the direction reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. Verify the validity of the hardware signature receipt and update the resource circuit breaker status of the device in the blockchain distributed ledger according to the direction reachability flag. When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is not executable, mark the resource circuit breaker status as the blocking state corresponding to the current power direction. The system receives scheduling requests for distributed energy devices, including the requested power direction. Based on the current resource circuit breaker status in the blockchain distributed ledger, the system performs directional constraint verification on the scheduling request. If the resource circuit breaker status indicates that the requested power direction is in a blocked state, the scheduling request is blocked. If the verification passes, a scheduling event is generated. By monitoring scheduling events through smart terminals, the distributed energy devices are driven to perform corresponding power adjustment actions, and the feedback operation data after the actions are executed is collected as proof of execution and fed back to the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0006] Furthermore, a blockchain-based RWA (Remote Resource Allocation) trading system for adjustable resources of a virtual power plant is proposed to implement a blockchain-based RWA trading method for adjustable resources of a virtual power plant as described above, including: The source-end verification module is used to collect the operating parameters of distributed energy devices through a smart terminal with a built-in security unit, determine the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on the operating parameters and generate a direction reachability flag, and use the security unit to digitally sign the data containing the direction reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. The state mapping module is used to verify the validity of the hardware signature receipt and update the resource circuit breaker status of the device in the blockchain distributed ledger according to the direction reachability flag. When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is not executable, the resource circuit breaker status is marked as the blocking status corresponding to the current power direction. The circuit breaker scheduling module is used to receive scheduling requests for distributed energy devices. The scheduling request includes the requested power direction. Based on the current resource circuit breaker status in the blockchain distributed ledger, the scheduling request is checked for directional constraints. If the resource circuit breaker status indicates that the requested power direction is blocked, the scheduling request is blocked. If the check passes, a scheduling event is generated. The closed-loop execution module is used to monitor scheduling events through smart terminals, drive distributed energy devices to perform corresponding power adjustment actions, and collect feedback operation data after the action is executed as execution proof to feed back to the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages: This solution proposes a blockchain-based Virtual Power Plant Adjustable Resource (RWA) trading system and method. By deploying a smart terminal with a built-in security unit at the source end, it uses multi-dimensional operating parameters to determine the execution capability of the equipment in a specific power flow direction in real time and generates a directional reachability flag. Combined with hardware digital signature technology, it maps the fine-grained state information of the equipment to the blockchain distributed ledger, thereby realizing independent management and asymmetric control of charging and discharging capabilities. This allows the scheduling system to accurately call upon the reverse health capability to participate in grid regulation even when the equipment is in a partially circuit-broken state due to a single-direction restriction. This effectively avoids unnecessary resource idleness caused by coarse-grained fault protection mechanisms. At the same time, with the closed-loop deviation verification mechanism based on execution proof, it ensures the consistency between on-chain digital scheduling instructions and off-chain execution actions. Ultimately, while strictly ensuring the security of the underlying equipment, it significantly improves the utilization efficiency of real-world assets and the flexibility of system regulation in the virtual power plant trading system. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a blockchain-based RWA trading system for adjustable resources in a virtual power plant; The system architecture is as follows: The overall system architecture of this invention, from bottom to top, mainly includes: physical device layer, edge trust layer, network transmission layer, and distributed ledger application layer.

[0011] The physical device layer comprises several distributed energy devices; in this embodiment, an electrochemical energy storage system is used as an example. This layer is the actual carrier of the RWA (Real-World Asset), responsible for the actual power throughput (charging or discharging). The distributed energy devices and their adjustable power in this invention constitute Real-World Assets (RWA). It should be noted that although this embodiment uses an electrochemical energy storage system as an example for detailed description, the distributed energy devices referred to in this invention also cover various source, load, and storage resources with power regulation capabilities, such as air conditioning systems, distributed wind turbines, diesel generator sets, smart lighting systems, and electric vehicle charging piles. This layer is the actual carrier of Real-World Assets (RWA). To adapt to devices with different characteristics, this invention adopts a generalized definition of power direction: for devices with bidirectional throughput capabilities (such as electrochemical energy storage and V2G electric vehicles), the current power direction corresponds to charging or discharging on the circuit; for unidirectional regulation devices (such as load resources like air conditioning systems and smart lighting systems, or power generation resources like wind power and diesel generators), the intelligent terminal defines the increase or decrease of power as a virtual polarity change or logical direction through internal logic mapping, without being bound by the absolute direction of current flow. For example, for air conditioning loads, the system maps an increase in power consumption to charging direction logic and a decrease in power consumption to discharging direction (i.e., virtual discharging) logic, thereby making the asymmetric control architecture of this invention applicable to various source, load, and storage resources.

[0012] Among them, the edge trust layer consists of a trusted smart terminal with a built-in security unit deployed at the source end of each distributed energy device. The trusted smart terminal is connected to the device through an industrial fieldbus (such as RS485 or CAN) and is responsible for data source end authentication and closed-loop control. The trusted smart terminal is the trust anchor point connecting the real world and the digital world. Among them, the network transmission layer is used to realize bidirectional communication between trusted smart terminals and blockchain nodes. The communication method can be 4G / 5G, NB-IoT or industrial Ethernet. The distributed ledger application layer includes a blockchain network consisting of several blockchain nodes and smart contracts deployed on it. This layer maintains the digital twin state of the device (i.e., the resource circuit breaker state) and logs of scheduling events, and is responsible for decentralized state arbitration and value settlement.

[0013] In this embodiment, the smart terminal with a built-in security unit is an IoT gateway device with edge computing capabilities. Its hardware architecture mainly includes a microcontroller unit, a communication module, an industrial interface, and a security unit. The security unit is a tamper-proof, independent hardware chip that stores the device's unique private key. This private key is generated at the factory and cannot be exported. The smart terminal uses the security unit to perform hardware digital signatures on data, ensuring that the data uploaded to the blockchain has non-repudiation and authenticity.

[0014] In this embodiment, the virtual power plant takes an energy storage system as an example. The distributed energy equipment includes a battery pack of energy storage units, a battery management system responsible for monitoring the voltage, temperature, and current of individual battery cells and modules, and calculating the SOC (remaining capacity), SOH (health status), and charge / discharge current limits, and an energy storage converter responsible for performing power conversion and responding to power adjustment commands from smart terminals.

[0015] During operation, the intelligent terminal collects the set of operating parameters of the equipment in real time through the industrial bus. These parameters are the data basis for subsequent performance determination. Specifically, they include: voltage to help determine the status of the equipment, current to anchor the current power direction by polarity (positive / negative), power for subsequent calculation of execution deviation, remaining power to assess the adjustable capacity of resources, as well as charging and discharging current limits and equipment fault codes. Among them, a charging current limit value of 0 directly indicates that the BMS prohibits charging, while the equipment fault code indicates specific underlying prohibition reasons such as "single cell overvoltage". Specifically, the data fields included in the hardware signature receipt generated by the smart terminal using the security unit include: the unique device identifier of the distributed energy device, which refers to the globally unique serial number or identity code burned into the security unit or the device's read-only memory, used to anchor the device's true identity in the blockchain network and prevent counterfeit devices from accessing the network; the timestamp for generating the hardware signature receipt, which refers to the system time record when the security unit performs the digital signature operation, used to verify the timeliness of the data and prevent replay attacks, i.e., to prevent attackers from intercepting historical valid messages and sending them repeatedly; the current power direction, which refers to the energy flow vector state determined according to the polarity of the real-time current at the sampling time, including the charging state of energy flowing from the grid into the device or the discharging state of energy flowing from the device into the grid, which is the logical basis for the system to determine its asymmetric execution capability; and the hash digest of the operating parameters, which refers to the fixed-length feature value calculated by cryptographic hashing algorithm from the collected raw data such as voltage, current, and fault codes, used to verify whether the original operating data has been tampered with during transmission without directly disclosing the plaintext data, thereby ensuring data integrity and privacy security.

[0016] In detail, the current power direction refers to the vector state of energy flow in distributed energy devices at the current sampling moment, specifically divided into charging direction (energy flowing from the grid into the device) and discharging direction (energy flowing from the device back to the grid). The intelligent terminal determines this direction based on the polarity of the collected real-time current (e.g., setting a negative current value to correspond to the charging direction, a positive current value to correspond to the discharging direction, and vice versa, depending on the BMS protocol definition). The current power direction is the logical dimension for determining asymmetric capabilities, enabling the system to independently evaluate the device's performance in a single dimension of charging or discharging, thereby avoiding misjudgments of the overall device capability due to unidirectional failures.

[0017] Please see Figure 2 This application provides a blockchain-based method for RWA (Remotely Accessible Resources) transactions of adjustable resources in a virtual power plant. The specific steps of this method are as follows: S101: Data Acquisition and Analysis. The smart terminal periodically (e.g., once per second) polls the register address of the distributed energy device via the Modbus RTU protocol. The smart terminal uses a pre-set register mapping table to read real-time current data, charging and discharging current limits, and device fault codes. Specifically, assuming the read real-time current value is negative (e.g., -50A), according to the BMS protocol definition, the system determines the current power direction as the charging direction.

[0018] S102: Execution Capability Determination. The intelligent terminal determines the device's execution capability in the current power direction. The system presets a safe current threshold (e.g., 1A). If the current power direction is the charging direction, the system checks for any of the following blocking conditions: Condition 1: The read device fault code indicates a fault that prohibits charging (e.g., fault code 0x1002 corresponds to "battery temperature too low"); Condition 2: The read charging current limit is lower than the preset current threshold (e.g., the BMS reports a charging current limit of 0A). If either of the above conditions is met, the intelligent terminal generates a direction reachability flag indicating that the current power direction is not executable (e.g., Flag=0); conversely, if none of the above conditions are met, a direction reachability flag indicating that the current power direction is executable is generated (e.g., Flag=1). Similarly, if the current power direction is the discharging direction, the system makes a determination based on the discharging current limit and the corresponding fault code.

[0019] S103: Hardware signature generation. After generating the directional reachability flag, the smart terminal calls the built-in security unit to combine the directional reachability flag with the device's unique identifier, current timestamp, current power direction, and hash digests of operating parameters to form a data packet to be signed. It then uses the device's private key to digitally sign the packet, generating a hardware signature receipt. This receipt ensures the immutability and authenticity of the judgment result.

[0020] Specifically, execution capability determination refers to the real-time assessment process by which intelligent terminals evaluate whether distributed energy devices possess the conditions for energy throughput in a specific power flow direction. This determination aims to abstract the complex underlying states of the devices into logical states recognizable by the blockchain, thereby avoiding issuing unresponsive scheduling commands to devices in protection mode or fault states, and preventing device damage or grid regulation deviations caused by forced driving. In actual operation, the battery management system dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging current limits or triggers specific fault codes based on factors such as cell temperature, voltage difference, and health. For example, in low-temperature environments, the battery management system lowers the charging current limit to zero amperes to prevent lithium plating, or generates a fault code prohibiting charging when a single cell experiences overvoltage. When the intelligent terminal detects that the current limit in the current power direction is lower than a preset safety threshold, or that there is a fault code explicitly prohibiting action in that direction, it indicates that the device can no longer safely execute the power adjustment task in that direction, and the system determines it to be in an unexecutable state. The direction reachability flag generated based on this determination result is a digital logical identifier used to characterize the execution capability in that single direction. If the flag indicates that it is executable, it means that the device is in a healthy standby state in the current direction. If it indicates that it is not executable, it means that the device is in a circuit breaker protection state in the current direction. This flag provides minimal trusted data support for subsequent blockchain smart contracts to make asymmetric scheduling decisions.

[0021] To maintain the digital twin state of devices and address the issues of recording and recovery, the system maintains a resource circuit breaker state for each device in the blockchain distributed ledger. This state space includes at least three states: normal, charging blocked, and discharging blocked. When a blockchain node receives a hardware signature receipt and verifies its validity, if the reachability flag in the receipt indicates that the current power direction (e.g., charging) is not executable, the smart contract updates the device's resource circuit breaker state to the corresponding blocked state. To enable system recovery, when a blockchain node subsequently receives a new hardware signature receipt showing that the reachability flag for the same power direction (charging) has become executable, the smart contract performs a state reset operation: updating the resource circuit breaker state to the normal state, or simply removing the blocking flag for the current direction. This mechanism ensures that devices can automatically re-participate in transactions after the fault (e.g., temperature recovery, power restoration) is resolved.

[0022] Specifically, the resource circuit breaker state refers to an enumerated variable or state flag defined in a blockchain smart contract. This flag maps the current availability level of a device in real-time within the digital space. The state space is designed to include three basic states: normal, charging interrupted, and discharging interrupted. The normal state indicates that the device has full execution capability in both charging and discharging directions and can respond to scheduling commands in either direction. The charging interrupted state indicates that the device is only unavailable in the charging direction due to limitations, but still retains discharging capability. The discharging interrupted state is the opposite. When the system executes the circuit breaker logic, the smart contract, acting as a decentralized arbitrator, senses changes on the physical side by parsing the directional reachability flag in the hardware signature receipt. If an unexecutable signal is detected, the state update operation performed by the smart contract is essentially a stake freezing mechanism. This involves modifying the on-chain state variable to deprive the device of its order-taking authority in a specific direction. This mechanism is called a circuit breaker because it functions similarly to a circuit fuse, cutting off the path instantly to protect the overall system's safety. Conversely, the recovery logic is a state reset mechanism based on the latest evidence. Once the fault factors of the device are eliminated, the subsequent uploaded signature receipt will carry an indicator indicating that it is executable. Based on this, the smart contract determines that the risk has been eliminated and automatically resets the resource circuit breaker status on the chain. This design gives the system recovery capability, ensuring that the device can be promptly and automatically rejoined to the virtual power plant's resource pool for RWA transactions.

[0023] The following steps are performed during the event generation phase: S201: Scheduling Request Parsing. The system receives a scheduling request from the upper-layer application. The request contains a clear request power direction (e.g., the discharge direction corresponding to the grid peak shaving demand) and a target power value.

[0024] S202: Directional Constraint Verification. The smart contract reads the current resource circuit breaker status of the device on the chain and compares it with the scheduling request. The verification follows an asymmetric release principle: Scenario A (Consistent Blocking): If the resource circuit breaker status is a charging blocking status, and the direction of the scheduling request is also charging, the two are determined to be consistent. The system directly blocks the request and does not generate a scheduling event, thereby preventing malfunction. Scenario B (Asymmetric Release): If the resource circuit breaker status is a charging blocking status, but the direction of the scheduling request is discharging, the two are determined to be inconsistent (i.e., the blocking direction is unrelated to the request direction). In this case, the system determines that the verification passes and allows the generation of the corresponding scheduling event.

[0025] Specifically, the above steps significantly improve asset utilization. For example, in low-temperature winter scenarios, batteries may be unable to charge due to the low temperature (charging failure), but they still have discharge capabilities. This invention allows them to respond to discharge demands, avoiding the resource waste caused by a single failure leading to complete equipment shutdown in traditional solutions.

[0026] During the feedback verification phase, the following steps are performed: S301: Action-driven and secondary data acquisition. After the intelligent terminal detects a scheduling event, it drives the equipment to perform power adjustment via the industrial bus. Within a preset time window after the action is executed (e.g., 5 seconds after the action is issued, waiting for the system to reach steady state), the intelligent terminal collects the operating parameters again and re-determines the status. It then uses the security unit to generate a feedback signature receipt containing the latest status and uploads it to the blockchain.

[0027] S302: Deviation Calculation and Final State Confirmation. The smart contract receives a signed feedback receipt and first verifies the directional reachability flag in the receipt. If the flag indicates non-executability (meaning the action triggered a new fault), the event is marked as a circuit breaker termination state. If the flag indicates executableness, the smart contract extracts the actual power value from the receipt and calculates its absolute deviation from the scheduling target power value. If this deviation value is less than a preset deviation threshold (e.g., 5% of the target value), the task is determined to be completed, and the scheduling event is marked as a closed-loop state. This state can subsequently trigger the completion of RWA transactions or the accumulation of credit points.

[0028] During the protocol conversion and driving phase, to achieve precise integration between the digital and real worlds, the smart terminal has a pre-installed parameter mapping table. This table establishes a logical mapping relationship between the general digital scheduling parameters defined by the blockchain smart contract and the dedicated hardware register addresses of the distributed energy device controller. Taking the Modbus industrial communication protocol as an example, the parameter mapping table explicitly defines that the target power value in the scheduling parameters corresponds to the holding register address of the device controller, such as decimal address 40001 or hexadecimal address 0x9C41. It also defines the data type of this register as a 16-bit signed integer and sets the scaling factor to 0.1 kilowatts. Based on this mapping relationship, when the smart terminal detects a scheduling event containing a target power value of 50 kilowatts, its internal processor first converts the physical value of 50 kilowatts into an integer write value of 500 that the register can recognize, according to the scaling factor. Then, it encapsulates this write value into the standard Modbus function code 06 write single register instruction and sends this write operation instruction to the controller of the distributed energy device via the RS485 communication bus, thereby driving the device to perform specific power adjustment actions.

[0029] During the execution proof and secondary data acquisition phases, to ensure that the data fed back to the blockchain accurately reflects the steady-state operating results after the device responds to the command, the system employs timing control logic. After sending a power adjustment command to the device at time t0, the smart terminal does not immediately acquire data. Instead, it starts a timer to wait for the end of a preset time window. This preset time window is designed to allow sufficient settling time for the voltage and current of the electrochemical energy storage system to recover from transient fluctuations to steady-state output, thereby avoiding the acquisition of inaccurate transitional process data. After the time window ends, at time t1, the smart terminal triggers a secondary data acquisition operation, rereads the device's operating parameters, and performs a multi-target state health check again. This generates a feedback signature receipt containing the latest directional reachability flag and the latest operating parameters, which is then uploaded to the blockchain distributed ledger as an immutable execution proof.

[0030] During the verification and settlement phase, the smart contract quantifies the final execution effect of the scheduling task based on the on-chain feedback signature receipt. The system first extracts the actual power value from the feedback signature receipt and the target power value from the original scheduling event, and calculates the absolute value of the difference between the two as the deviation value. Then, the system executes a dual-condition judgment logic: if the calculated deviation value is less than the preset deviation threshold, and the latest direction reachability flag in the feedback receipt clearly indicates that the current power direction is still in an executable state, the system determines that the scheduling task has been successfully completed and marks the corresponding scheduling event as closed-loop, thereby triggering subsequent RWA settlement; conversely, if the latest direction reachability flag in the feedback receipt indicates that the current power direction has become unexecutable, even if the deviation value meets the requirements, the system determines that the action has triggered the device's protection mechanism, which is an execution anomaly, and marks the corresponding scheduling event as a circuit breaker termination state to accurately record the operational risks of the asset.

[0031] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 As shown, a blockchain-based virtual power plant adjustable resource RWA trading system is proposed to implement a blockchain-based virtual power plant adjustable resource RWA trading method as described above, including: The source-end verification module is used to collect the operating parameters of distributed energy devices through a smart terminal with a built-in security unit, determine the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on the operating parameters and generate a direction reachability flag, and use the security unit to digitally sign the data containing the direction reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. The state mapping module is used to verify the validity of the hardware signature receipt and update the resource circuit breaker status of the device in the blockchain distributed ledger according to the direction reachability flag. When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is not executable, the resource circuit breaker status is marked as the blocking status corresponding to the current power direction. The circuit breaker scheduling module is used to receive scheduling requests for distributed energy devices. The scheduling request includes the requested power direction. Based on the current resource circuit breaker status in the blockchain distributed ledger, the scheduling request is checked for directional constraints. If the resource circuit breaker status indicates that the requested power direction is blocked, the scheduling request is blocked. If the check passes, a scheduling event is generated. The closed-loop execution module is used to monitor scheduling events through smart terminals, drive distributed energy devices to perform corresponding power adjustment actions, and collect feedback operation data after the action is executed as execution proof to feed back to the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0032] To further illustrate the technical concept, operational process, and beneficial effects of this invention in practical industrial scenarios, the invention is explained below with reference to two specific application scenarios: Scenario 1: In applications involving low-temperature winter environments, when the ambient temperature of the distributed energy device drops below the lower limit of the allowable operating temperature range for lithium-ion batteries (e.g., minus 10 degrees Celsius), the battery management system (BMS) will proactively adjust the charging current limit in the operating parameter set to zero amperes to prevent lithium plating inside the battery cells due to forced charging at low temperatures, which could lead to short circuits. At this time, the smart terminal reads this change in charging current limit in real time during the source-side data acquisition phase and, based on the aforementioned multi-target state health check logic, determines that the device has lost its ability to execute in the charging direction, thereby generating a direction reachability flag indicating that the charging direction is unexecutable. This flag is uploaded to the blockchain after being hardware-signed by the security unit, and the smart contract then updates the device's resource circuit breaker status in the distributed ledger to a charging blocking status.

[0033] In this state, if the virtual power plant dispatch center issues a peak-shaving command to the device due to a peak in grid load, and the command explicitly requires the device to perform a discharge action, the smart contract initiates a directional constraint check upon receiving the dispatch request. Although the on-chain status shows the device in a charging blocked state, the requested power direction of the dispatch request is inconsistent with the discharge direction. Based on the asymmetric release principle, the smart contract determines that the check passes and allows the generation of the corresponding dispatch event. Subsequently, the device successfully executes the discharge task. This implementation scenario demonstrates the superiority of the asymmetric control strategy of this invention, namely, while strictly ensuring that the battery does not undergo dangerous low-temperature charging operations, it does not indiscriminately block its still healthy discharge capacity, thereby avoiding asset idleness and maximizing the adjustment efficiency of real-world assets under complex operating conditions.

[0034] Scenario 2: In application scenarios involving preventing malicious cheating and ensuring transaction fairness, suppose a malicious user attempts to modify the application-layer software program of a smart terminal to forge false response data, attempting to fraudulently obtain transaction rewards for real-world assets without actually reducing battery life or performing actual power adjustments. To address this risk, this invention provides a dual-defense mechanism.

[0035] First, based on the source-end verification mechanism, since smart terminals have built-in security units with hardware-level security protection, and the device's private key is generated at the factory and stored in the protected storage area of ​​the security unit and cannot be exported, even if a malicious user modifies the external software logic, they will not be able to generate a valid digital signature that conforms to the blockchain verification rules by bypassing the security unit. If a malicious user attempts to forge a signature, the blockchain node will directly identify the invalid signature and discard the data during the signature verification stage, thereby blocking the path of forged data to the chain at the source.

[0036] Secondly, to address the issue of malicious users attempting to input false business data while invoking the security unit signature, the system implements deviation verification during the closed-loop execution phase. If a malicious user only reports successful execution at the software level but does not actually drive the device to output power, the actual power value read by the smart terminal during the secondary acquisition phase will remain near zero. This will result in a significant numerical deviation between this actual power value and the target power value in the scheduling event. After calculating this deviation value during the closed-loop confirmation phase, the smart contract will find that it far exceeds the preset deviation threshold, thus determining that the scheduling task has not been truly completed and marking the scheduling event as an abnormal termination state, while refusing to trigger subsequent task settlement or points accumulation. This scenario demonstrates that the present invention, through the combination of cryptographic hardware signatures and actual execution deviation verification, effectively prevents false response behavior and ensures the authenticity and credibility of asset data and performance proofs in the virtual power plant trading system.

[0037] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for RWA (Remote Resource Allocation) transactions of adjustable resources in a virtual power plant, characterized in that: include: The system collects the operating parameters of distributed energy devices through a smart terminal with a built-in security unit, determines the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on the operating parameters, generates a direction reachability flag, and uses the security unit to digitally sign the data containing the direction reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. Verify the validity of the hardware signature receipt and update the resource circuit breaker status of the device in the blockchain distributed ledger according to the direction reachability flag. When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is not executable, mark the resource circuit breaker status as the blocking state corresponding to the current power direction. The system receives scheduling requests for distributed energy devices, including the requested power direction. Based on the current resource circuit breaker status in the blockchain distributed ledger, the system performs directional constraint verification on the scheduling request. If the resource circuit breaker status indicates that the requested power direction is in a blocked state, the scheduling request is blocked. If the verification passes, a scheduling event is generated. By monitoring scheduling events through smart terminals, the distributed energy devices are driven to perform corresponding power adjustment actions, and the feedback operation data after the actions are executed is collected as proof of execution and fed back to the blockchain distributed ledger.

2. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Operating parameters include voltage, current, power, charge / discharge current limits, remaining power, and equipment fault codes.

3. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determine the device's execution capability in the current power direction and generate a directional reachability flag, including: The current power direction is determined based on the polarity of the current; The charging current limit is extracted from the operating parameters; If the current power direction is the charging direction, and either of the following conditions exists: the device fault code indicates that charging is prohibited, or the charging current limit is lower than the preset current threshold, then a flag indicating that the current power direction is an unexecutable direction is generated; otherwise, a flag indicating that the current power direction is an executable direction is generated.

4. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data containing the directional reachability flag also includes the device's unique identifier, the timestamp for generating the hardware signature receipt, and hash digests of the current power direction and operating parameters.

5. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is executable, update the resource circuit breaker status to the normal status, or remove the blocking status corresponding to the current power direction.

6. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Determine whether the blocking direction indicated by the resource circuit breaker status is consistent with the requested power direction in the scheduling request. If they are inconsistent, the verification is deemed successful, and a scheduling event is generated.

7. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: A parameter mapping table is pre-set in the smart terminal. The parameter mapping table contains the correspondence between digital scheduling parameters and hardware register addresses. Parse the target power value in the scheduling event and convert the target power value into a write operation command that conforms to the industrial bus protocol based on the parameter mapping table; Write operation commands are sent to the controller of the distributed energy equipment via a communication bus.

8. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Within a preset time window after the distributed energy equipment performs a power adjustment action, the operating parameters are collected again and the latest directional reachability indicator is generated; The security element is used to digitally sign the data containing the latest directional reachability markers and operating parameters, and a feedback signature receipt is generated. The feedback signature receipt is uploaded to the blockchain distributed ledger as proof of execution.

9. The RWA transaction method for adjustable resources of a blockchain-based virtual power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that, include: Verify the validity of the feedback signature receipt and calculate the deviation between the actual power value contained in the feedback signature receipt and the target power value in the scheduling event; If the deviation value is less than the preset deviation threshold, and the latest direction reachability flag indicates that it can be executed, then the corresponding scheduling event is marked as closed-loop. If the latest reachable direction flag indicates that the operation is not feasible, the corresponding scheduling event is marked as circuit breaker terminated.

10. A blockchain-based RWA (Remote Resource Allocation) trading system for adjustable resources of a virtual power plant, used to implement the blockchain-based RWA trading method for adjustable resources of a virtual power plant as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The source-end verification module is used to collect the operating parameters of distributed energy devices through a smart terminal with a built-in security unit, determine the device's execution capability in the current power direction based on the operating parameters and generate a direction reachability flag, and use the security unit to digitally sign the data containing the direction reachability flag to generate a hardware signature receipt. The state mapping module is used to verify the validity of the hardware signature receipt and update the resource circuit breaker status of the device in the blockchain distributed ledger according to the direction reachability flag. When the direction reachability flag indicates that the current power direction is not executable, the resource circuit breaker status is marked as the blocking status corresponding to the current power direction. The circuit breaker scheduling module is used to receive scheduling requests for distributed energy devices. The scheduling request includes the requested power direction. Based on the current resource circuit breaker status in the blockchain distributed ledger, the scheduling request is checked for directional constraints. If the resource circuit breaker status indicates that the requested power direction is blocked, the scheduling request is blocked. If the check passes, a scheduling event is generated. The closed-loop execution module is used to monitor scheduling events through smart terminals, drive distributed energy devices to perform corresponding power adjustment actions, and collect feedback operation data after the action is executed as execution proof to feed back to the blockchain distributed ledger.

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