Data transmission method and apparatus, gateway, and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of data transmission, and provides a data transmission method, a device, a gateway and a storage medium. The data transmission method is applied to a data transmission system and comprises the following steps: a data transmission relationship with a communication node is established through a short-distance communication network to realize data interaction with the communication node through the short-distance communication network; when it is detected that data interaction with a server is required, the signal quality of a 5G communication network accessed for communication with the server is evaluated to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality; and data transmission is performed by selecting to use the 5G mobile communication network or low-orbit satellite Internet according to the signal quality. The data transmission method disclosed by the application performs data transmission by means of the gateway, the high-security short-distance communication network between the gateway and each communication node, and the dynamic scheduling mode of the 5G mobile communication network and the low-orbit satellite Internet, so that the data transmission interruption condition is reduced, and the continuity of data transmission is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of data transmission technology, and in particular to a data transmission method, apparatus, gateway, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing prevalence of communication scenarios requiring high security and reliability, such as smart policing, emergency rescue, and field operations, the demand for data transmission from multiple terminals (such as police equipment, unmanned equipment, and monitoring equipment) is becoming increasingly prominent. In these scenarios, each terminal device needs to reliably transmit key data such as collected video and location data back to the backend server. Therefore, a communication network is needed to facilitate communication between multiple terminal devices and the server to meet the requirements of timely communication and the provision of rich data.

[0003] Most of the related technologies use 5G mobile communication networks as the transmission link to transmit data.

[0004] However, due to the complexity of the scenario (such as no 5G coverage in the wild, signal interference in densely populated areas, and complex electromagnetic environment), the remote data transmission link is prone to signal fluctuations or interruptions, which seriously affects the continuity of data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, gateway, and storage medium. Data transmission is performed by utilizing a gateway, a highly secure short-range communication network between the gateway and each communication node, and a dynamic scheduling method of 5G mobile communication network and low-orbit satellite internet, so as to reduce data transmission interruptions and improve the continuity of data transmission.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a data transmission method applied to a data transmission system, the data transmission system including a server, a gateway, and at least one communication node, wherein the data transmission method is executed by the gateway, comprising: establishing a data transmission relationship with the communication node through a short-range communication network to realize data interaction with the communication node through the short-range communication network; when it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, evaluating the signal quality of the 5G communication network accessed for communication with the server to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality; when the 5G communication network signal quality is greater than a first signal strength threshold, using the 5G communication network to perform data interaction with the server; when the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the first signal strength threshold but greater than a second signal strength threshold, using the 5G communication network to perform data interaction with the server, and switching the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to a preset standby state; when the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the second signal strength threshold, switching to using the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to perform data interaction with the server; wherein the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, when any communication node cannot establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network, the data transmission method further includes: within the communication coverage area of ​​the gateway, obtaining the probe communication quality between the gateway and each of the communication nodes, and constructing a communication local area network for emergency communication between the gateway and any of the communication nodes based on the probe communication quality corresponding to each of the communication nodes; selecting other communication nodes that can participate in auxiliary communication from other communication nodes in the communication local area network to obtain auxiliary relays; creating at least one data transmission link between the gateway and any of the communication nodes based on each of the auxiliary relays; determining a target data transmission link from the at least one data transmission link, and broadcasting the link information of the target data transmission link in the communication local area network; when data needs to be sent to any of the communication nodes, modulating the data to be sent using a preset frequency hopping spread spectrum method, and then sending it to any of the communication nodes through the target data transmission link and with the aid of the communication local area network.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, after creating the data transmission link, the data transmission method further includes: dividing the channel resources of each of the auxiliary relays on the data transmission link to determine the private channel resources and shared channel resources of the auxiliary relays; wherein the private channel resources are used by the auxiliary relays to transmit their own service data with the gateway, and the shared channel resources are used by the auxiliary relays to forward the transmission data of other communication nodes.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, when the channel carrying capacity threshold of any auxiliary relay on the data transmission link is lower than the data volume of the data to be transmitted, the data to be transmitted is split into a first data to be transmitted and a second data to be transmitted according to the channel carrying capacity threshold; the first data to be transmitted is transmitted by the data transmission link, and the second data to be transmitted is transmitted by a low-Earth orbit satellite internet; wherein the data volume of the first data to be transmitted is equal to the channel carrying capacity threshold of the auxiliary relay.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the data transmission method further includes: when the 5G communication network signal quality meets a preset instability condition, collecting the amount of data successfully transmitted through the 5G communication network within a unit time period at preset intervals; arranging the data amounts in chronological order of collection time to construct an evaluation sequence; calculating the instability value of the evaluation sequence to determine the degree of signal interference in the 5G communication network; and adjusting the second signal strength threshold based on the instability value of the evaluation sequence; wherein the preset instability condition includes: the 5G communication network signal quality is between the second signal strength threshold and the first signal strength threshold, and the difference between the 5G communication network signal quality and the second signal strength threshold is less than a preset difference threshold, and the duration of the state where the difference is less than the preset difference threshold reaches a preset duration threshold.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, calculating the instability value of the evaluation series includes: calculating the difference series corresponding to the evaluation series, and constructing a difference reference curve based on the difference series, with the value of the difference series as the vertical axis and the acquisition time as the horizontal axis; counting the number of troughs on the difference reference curve; and determining the number of troughs as the instability value of the evaluation series.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, adjusting the second signal strength threshold based on the instability value of the evaluation sequence includes: keeping the second signal strength threshold unchanged when the instability value of the evaluation sequence is zero; and increasing the second signal strength threshold until the instability value is zero when the instability value of the evaluation sequence is not zero.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides a data transmission device, comprising: a data transmission unit, configured to establish a data transmission relationship with the communication node via a short-range communication network, so as to realize data interaction with the communication node via the short-range communication network; a quality evaluation unit, configured to evaluate the signal quality of the 5G communication network accessed for communicating with the server when it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, and obtain the 5G communication network signal quality; and a data interaction network selection unit, configured to: use the 5G communication network to interact with the server when the 5G communication network signal quality is greater than a first signal strength threshold; use the 5G communication network to interact with the server when the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the first signal strength threshold but greater than a second signal strength threshold, and switch the low-orbit satellite internet to a preset standby state; and switch to using the low-orbit satellite internet to interact with the server when the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the second signal strength threshold; wherein the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

[0015] Thirdly, this application provides a gateway, the gateway comprising: one or more memories for storing instructions; and one or more processors for calling and running the instructions from the memories to perform the data transmission method described above.

[0016] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising: a program that, when executed by a processor, performs the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0017] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including program instructions that, when run by a computing device, execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0018] Sixthly, this application provides a chip system including a processor for implementing the functions involved in the foregoing aspects, such as generating, receiving, transmitting, or processing the data and / or information involved in the foregoing methods.

[0019] This chip system can consist of chips or include chips and other discrete components.

[0020] In one possible design, the chip system also includes a memory for storing necessary program instructions and data. The processor and the memory can be decoupled and located on different devices, connected via wired or wireless means, or the processor and the memory can be coupled to the same device. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a system architecture block diagram of the data transmission system in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the selection rules between 5G communication networks and low-orbit satellite internet in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process of establishing a temporary communication local area network in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of a data transmission link constructed in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a target data transmission link determined in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of adjusting a second signal strength threshold in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of data carrying capacity over time in a data transmission method provided in this application.

[0029] Figure 9 This is an example diagram of a difference reference curve generated using a difference sequence in a data transmission method provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0035] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0036] The technical solutions in this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a data transmission method applied to a data transmission system.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 The data transmission system includes a server, a gateway, and at least one communication node.

[0039] Specifically, each communication node is equivalent to a front-end terminal device, which can be a personnel-carried terminal device, an unmanned intelligent device such as a drone, or a special device required for a particular scenario. Each communication node is used to collect relevant scene images, videos, audio, location information, status parameters, and other node data.

[0040] This gateway can be a security gateway, or more specifically, a wireless security smart gateway. It supports deployment in fixed locations (such as fixed base stations in law enforcement areas) or mobile locations (such as being mounted on emergency rescue vehicles). It can perform functions such as targeted access, behavior control, device management, local area communication, and data forwarding. For example, in a high-security scenario, this gateway can manage various connected terminals (police equipment, unmanned equipment, monitoring equipment, and security management equipment communication nodes, etc.), and can uniformly forward node data collected by front-end communication nodes to the server. It can also receive data such as control commands issued by the server and send the data issued by the server to the communication nodes.

[0041] This server is equivalent to a back-end control center (such as a police command platform or emergency dispatch system). Its core function is to receive node data forwarded by the gateway, perform storage, analysis, visualization, and other processing, and send corresponding instructions to each communication node through the gateway.

[0042] Therefore, after the front-end communication node collects node data, it sends the node data to the gateway; the gateway aggregates the node data from each communication node and sends the aggregated data back to the server; after the server processes the data, it can issue instructions to the gateway, which then forwards them to the corresponding communication node.

[0043] For example, in a law enforcement area, the gateway can enable targeted communication with communication nodes such as personnel-carried equipment and unmanned intelligent devices such as drones. It can also perform functions such as location management and data communication. In addition, it can forward real-time images and other node data of communication nodes such as personnel-carried equipment and unmanned intelligent devices such as drones to the control center in a timely manner, which is the server mentioned above.

[0044] In this embodiment, the data transmission method can be specifically referred to. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In terms of overall design, the data transmission method may include the following steps S101-S105.

[0045] Step S101: Establish a data transmission relationship with the communication node through a short-range communication network, so as to realize data interaction with the communication node through the short-range communication network.

[0046] Step S102: When it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, the signal quality of the 5G communication network accessed for communication with the server is evaluated to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality.

[0047] Step S103: When the 5G communication network signal quality is greater than the first signal strength threshold, use the 5G communication network to interact with the server.

[0048] Step S104: When the 5G communication network signal quality is less than the first signal strength threshold and greater than the second signal strength threshold, use the 5G communication network to interact with the server and switch the low-orbit satellite internet to the preset standby state.

[0049] The preset standby state refers to the gateway having completed signal acquisition, link negotiation, and parameter configuration with the low-orbit satellite internet. Its built-in satellite communication module is in a low-power standby ready state and can be instantly switched to the data transmission link state without additional startup procedures.

[0050] It's worth noting that the satellite communication module is the core hardware carrier for the gateway to achieve low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite internet data transmission. Specifically, the gateway, acting as the control center for data transmission, establishes a wireless communication link with the satellite constellation in the LEO satellite internet through its built-in satellite communication module (including components such as radio frequency antennas and signal processing chips). When a switch to satellite transmission is required, the gateway sends a command to the satellite communication module, which then performs data modulation, transmission, reception, and demodulation, ultimately enabling remote data interaction between the gateway and the server via LEO satellite internet.

[0051] Step S105: When the 5G communication network signal quality is less than the second signal strength threshold, switch to using low-orbit satellite internet to interact with the server.

[0052] Among them, the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

[0053] Specifically, in step S101, the security gateway establishes a data transmission relationship with the communication node through the short-range communication network. The short-range communication network created by the security gateway is a private network that is different from the shared short-range communication network. In other words, this private network only allows specific devices to access it. For each terminal device, that is, for each communication node, it is necessary to have access permission before it can use this private network (i.e., the short-range communication network) to transmit data.

[0054] Once the security gateway establishes a data transmission relationship with the communication node through a short-range communication network, it can then interact with the communication node through that short-range communication network.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, the security gateway receives node data sent by communication nodes through a short-range communication network (and then sends the received node data to the server). Alternatively, the security gateway can distribute data received from the server to each communication node via the short-range communication network.

[0056] It is worth noting that, Figure 1 The diagram only shows the one-way data transmission process (i.e., the data transmission process from the communication node to the server). The data transmission process from the server to the communication node is not shown. Figure 1 The methods of representation are the same, but the directions are opposite, so I will not go into details here.

[0057] In this embodiment, communication between the gateway and the server can be achieved through a 5G communication network or a low-Earth orbit satellite internet. Specifically, the gateway and server not only support access to a 5G communication network, but are also equipped with a satellite communication module and a matching antenna, enabling access to a low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0058] Among them, 5G communication network refers to terrestrial mobile communication network built on fifth-generation mobile communication technology. It relies on ground base stations to achieve signal coverage and can provide high-speed, low-latency wireless data transmission services.

[0059] Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite internet refers to a constellation network consisting of multiple satellites operating in low Earth orbit (usually at an altitude of less than 2,000 kilometers). Data transmission is achieved through wireless links between satellites and gateways, which can overcome the coverage limitations of terrestrial communication networks and achieve seamless communication worldwide.

[0060] In step S102, when it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, such as when the gateway has completed the aggregation of scene videos and positioning data from each communication node and needs to upload them to the server, or when it needs to receive terminal control commands and parameter configuration commands issued by the server, it can choose whether to transmit data via the 5G communication network or via the low-orbit satellite internet.

[0061] When there is a need to interact with the server and a data transmission network needs to be selected, in step S102, the signal quality of the 5G communication network between the gateway and the server is first evaluated to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality. Alternatively, the signal quality of the low-Earth orbit satellite internet between the gateway and the server can also be evaluated to obtain the low-Earth orbit satellite internet signal quality, which will not be elaborated here.

[0062] Subsequently, when the 5G communication network signal quality is greater than the first signal strength threshold, it indicates that the 5G communication network signal quality is relatively good, that is, data transmission through the 5G communication network has good communication performance. Therefore, step S103 is executed to use the 5G communication network for data transmission between the gateway and the server.

[0063] When the 5G communication network signal quality is less than or equal to the second signal strength threshold, it indicates that the 5G communication network signal quality is poor. Using the 5G communication network for data transmission is very likely to cause problems such as frame loss and high signal noise. Therefore, step S105 is executed to use low-orbit satellite internet for data transmission between the gateway and the server.

[0064] Regarding the first and second signal strength thresholds, in some possible implementations, the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) value is the main consideration, which is generally -90dBm to -100dBm. Based on experience and observation, the values ​​are as follows:

[0065] ≥-80dBm: Excellent signal; -80~-90dBm: Good signal; -90~-100dBm: Average signal, barely usable, can make calls / access the internet normally; -100~-110dBm: Weak signal, prone to lag and dropped calls; <-110dBm: Basically unusable.

[0066] The first and second signal strength thresholds are set accordingly and based on the actual situation.

[0067] When the 5G communication network signal quality is less than or equal to the first signal strength threshold and greater than the second signal strength threshold, it indicates that the data transmission performance of the 5G communication network is relatively average. Data transmission can still be carried out using the 5G communication network. However, if the data transmission performance deteriorates in this state, it is necessary to switch to the low-Earth orbit satellite internet immediately. Therefore, step S104 is executed to use the 5G communication network for data transmission and switch the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to the preset standby state. At this time, the low-Earth orbit satellite internet is in a state of being available at any time. Once the 5G communication network signal quality deteriorates, it can seamlessly switch to the low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0068] In other words, when the 5G communication network signal quality continues to decline to less than or equal to the second signal strength threshold, the low-Earth orbit satellite internet will be switched to a preset standby state, thus instantly switching to use the low-Earth orbit satellite internet for data transmission.

[0069] It is worth noting that when the signal quality of the 5G mobile communication network is greater than the first signal strength threshold, the low-Earth orbit satellite internet switches to a dormant state. In the dormant state, the low-Earth orbit satellite internet needs to start the satellite communication module first, complete signal acquisition and link negotiation, and can only work after starting. However, the low-Earth orbit satellite internet in standby state can work at any time without starting first.

[0070] In other words, in this embodiment of the application, when the gateway sends the received node data to the server, two paths are prepared: the 5G communication network and the StarNet network (i.e., low-orbit satellite internet). These two paths will be selected according to the signal quality of the 5G communication network.

[0071] Figure 3 The selection rules for 5G communication networks and low-Earth orbit satellite internet are shown. Specifically, the first signal strength threshold and the second signal strength threshold divide the threshold range into three parts.

[0072] These three parts correspond to three methods: using low-Earth orbit satellite internet for data transmission, using 5G communication network for data transmission while switching low-Earth orbit satellite internet to a preset backup state, and using 5G communication network for data transmission while switching low-Earth orbit satellite internet to a dormant state. The flexible selection of these three methods allows for seamless switching between 5G communication network and low-Earth orbit satellite internet, ensuring the continuity and stability of the communication process.

[0073] It is worth noting that, in step S102 above, one feasible way to evaluate the signal quality of the 5G communication network (and the signal quality of the low-Earth orbit satellite internet) is as follows:

[0074] First, the relevant parameters for signal quality evaluation (covering underlying parameters and network layer parameters) may include: signal strength (which is the basis for judging coverage distance and whether there is a connection; if it is below a certain threshold, the connection may be lost), signal-to-noise ratio (the higher the better, as a high signal-to-noise ratio means a low bit error rate), bit error rate (which directly measures the reliability of data transmission; the lower the better), throughput, time delay, packet loss rate, etc.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, when evaluating signal quality, one parameter (e.g., throughput) or multiple parameters (e.g., time delay, throughput, signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) can be used. The specific selection needs to be based on the actual use scenario, or a weighted algorithm can be used to combine these parameters into a "quality score" or "health index", and the quality score (or health index) can be used as the signal quality.

[0076] For example: mass fraction = a × SNR 线性值 +b×(DT / τ)+c×(th / TH).

[0077] Where a, b, and c are weighting coefficients, and their sum equals 100%. SNR 线性值 ᵢ refers to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expressed in pure numerical form, that is, the ratio of signal power to noise power. The larger the value, the less noise interference the signal is affected by. τ is the time delay, specifically the round-trip time for data to be sent from the gateway to the server and receive feedback. The smaller the value, the better the real-time performance of the transmission. DT is the baseline time delay, with a typical value of 20ms. th is the throughput, specifically the amount of data successfully transmitted between the gateway and the server per unit time. The larger the value, the more sufficient the transmission bandwidth. TH is the baseline throughput, with a typical value of 100 Mbps.

[0078] This application supports configuring corresponding weight coefficients for different data transmission scenarios. For high-reliability scenarios such as command and dispatch, SNR has the highest weight, with typical values ​​for a, b, and c being 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25, respectively. For low-latency scenarios such as remote control, time delay has the highest weight, followed by SNR, with typical values ​​for a, b, and c being 0.3, 0.5, and 0.2, respectively. For high-throughput scenarios such as video streaming and large file transfers, throughput has the highest weight, followed by SNR, with typical values ​​for a, b, and c being 0.3, 0.2, and 0.5, respectively.

[0079] The main advantages of 5G (or 3G / 4G, etc.) mobile communication networks are high bandwidth and high speed, low latency, mature technology, low cost and low power consumption. The main advantages of low-orbit satellite internet are seamless coverage and almost no impact from the ground, but it has shortcomings in terms of equipment size, energy consumption and battery life.

[0080] This application fully considers the advantages and disadvantages of both communication methods. While meeting communication requirements, it also fully considers the power consumption, heat generation, and battery life of the security gateway, and effectively reduces communication costs. Specifically, in this application's embodiments, a data transmission relationship with the communication node is established through a short-range communication network. Since this short-range communication network is a private network exclusively built by the gateway, only authorized communication nodes are allowed to access it. Therefore, it can block intrusion and data theft by unauthorized devices, thereby ensuring the security of data interaction between the front-end communication node and the gateway, and thus solving the security risks of transmitting sensitive front-end data (such as law enforcement footage and location information) in high-security scenarios.

[0081] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, a transmission strategy is selected based on the comparison results of the 5G communication network signal quality and the first and second signal strength thresholds. In the long-distance transmission scenario between the gateway and the server, a dual-link architecture of 5G communication network and low-orbit satellite Internet is constructed. This avoids the transmission interruption problem of traditional single link in complex environments, thereby ensuring the continuity of data transmission between the gateway and the server, and adapting to the usage needs of complex scenarios such as no 5G coverage in the wild and signal interference in densely populated areas.

[0082] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the 5G communication network signal quality is between the first and second signal strength thresholds, the low-orbit satellite internet is switched to a preset standby state to complete the signal acquisition, link negotiation and parameter configuration process in advance. Therefore, when the 5G communication network signal quality is poor, the low-orbit satellite transmission link can be started immediately, thereby eliminating the transmission gap during link switching in the traditional solution, and thus achieving seamless switching between the 5G communication network and the low-orbit satellite internet.

[0083] Furthermore, in this embodiment, 5G communication network is used for data transmission, which makes full use of the advantages of 5G communication network such as high bandwidth, low latency, low cost and low power consumption. Low-orbit satellite Internet is only enabled or used as a backup when 5G signal is poor, thus reducing the energy consumption and usage cost of satellite communication module in gateway.

[0084] In some embodiments, during step S101 above, when the gateway establishes a data transmission relationship with each communication node through the short-range communication network, there may be situations where some or one of the communication nodes cannot establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network due to short-range communication signal blockage, electromagnetic interference, node location exceeding the effective range of short-range communication, or node equipment failure.

[0085] When any communication node cannot establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network, data transmission between the gateway and that communication node (i.e., the communication node that cannot establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network) is achieved in the following manner, as described below. Figure 4 .

[0086] Step S401: Within the communication coverage area of ​​the gateway, obtain the detection communication quality between the gateway and each communication node, and based on the detection communication quality corresponding to each communication node, establish a communication local area network for emergency communication between the gateway and any communication node.

[0087] Step S402: Select other communication nodes that can participate in auxiliary communication from other communication nodes in the communication local area network to obtain auxiliary relays.

[0088] Other communication nodes refer to communication nodes in a local area network other than gateways and communication nodes that cannot establish data transmission relationships through short-range communication networks.

[0089] Auxiliary communication refers to the task of forwarding data between the gateway and any of the communication nodes.

[0090] Step S403: Based on each auxiliary relay, create at least one data transmission link between the gateway and any communication node.

[0091] Step S404: Determine the target data transmission link from at least one data transmission link, and broadcast the link information of the target data transmission link in the communication local area network.

[0092] The link information may include the link ID, the sequence of nodes in the link (e.g., gateway-auxiliary relay-target terminal node), the communication address of each node, the available bandwidth of the link, transmission delay, and other information.

[0093] Step S405: When it is necessary to send data to any communication node, the data to be sent is modulated using a preset frequency hopping spread spectrum method, and then sent to any communication node through the target data transmission link and with the help of the communication local area network.

[0094] Among them, modulation processing refers to converting the baseband data to be transmitted into a radio frequency signal suitable for transmission in short-range communication links, and frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation achieves anti-interference by changing the carrier frequency of the radio frequency signal.

[0095] It is worth noting that for auxiliary relays, the data overflowing from the channel at the auxiliary relay is transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0096] In this embodiment, the example of any one communication node is used for illustration. When multiple communication nodes are unable to establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network, the data transmission process of any one communication node can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] The specific method for detecting that a data communication relationship cannot be established with any communication node through the short-range communication network is as follows: the gateway monitors the status of the short-range communication link with each communication node in real time, and realizes the detection through preset access response verification and data transmission verification.

[0098] Continue reading Figure 4 and combined Figures 5-6If the gateway detects that it has not received an access response from a certain communication node, or has not received an authentication feedback instruction from that communication node, or has detected that multiple consecutive connection requests to that communication node have failed to receive a response, or that sending test data has failed consecutively, it can be determined that a short-range data transmission relationship cannot be established with that communication node. In this case, communication nodes within the communication coverage area are used to form a temporary communication local area network.

[0099] The communication coverage area refers to the range that the device's transmitted signal can cover. In step S401, when establishing a communication local area network, the communication nodes participating in the establishment of the communication local area network need to undergo a communication quality evaluation. Communication nodes that meet the requirements of the communication quality evaluation participate in the establishment of a temporary communication local area network.

[0100] The quality evaluation method is described above and will not be repeated here. If the communication quality is greater than the preset communication quality threshold, it indicates that the communication node meets the requirements for communication quality evaluation and can participate in the construction of a temporary communication local area network.

[0101] For example, when a gateway detects that it cannot establish a short-range data transmission relationship with a certain communication node (e.g., a target terminal node; for ease of description, this type of communication node will be referred to as the target terminal node, and the two have the same meaning, which will not be elaborated here) (e.g., no access response is received from the communication node, or three consecutive data transmission failures), the gateway can initiate an emergency detection process. Specifically, the gateway first broadcasts a communication quality detection signal to all communication nodes within its communication coverage area through the short-range communication module; each communication node, upon receiving the detection signal, sends a response signal back to the gateway, which may carry its own device ID and the signal strength when receiving the detection signal; after receiving the response signals from each communication node, the gateway calculates the transmission delay by "time to send detection signal - time to receive response signal" and calculates the packet loss rate by "total number of detection signals sent - total number of successfully received response signals," ultimately obtaining the detection communication quality parameters with each communication node; subsequently, the gateway presets a detection communication quality threshold, selects communication nodes whose detection communication quality parameters meet the corresponding threshold as relay candidate nodes, and simultaneously incorporates the target terminal node, relay candidate nodes, and itself into the network topology, using a dynamic networking protocol (such as Ad... The HoC protocol constructs a local area network for emergency communication and assigns temporary communication addresses to each node within the local area network.

[0102] After constructing the communication local area network (LAN), step S402 is executed to determine the communication nodes in the LAN that can participate in auxiliary communication, i.e., the communication nodes that meet the communication quality evaluation requirements in the above embodiment. These communication nodes are called auxiliary relays, and then in step S403, at least one data transmission link is created using the auxiliary relays.

[0103] For example, in step S402, after the gateway establishes an emergency communication LAN, it sends an auxiliary communication capability query command to all candidate relay nodes. The command may include the minimum resource requirements for auxiliary communication (such as remaining battery power, idle channel bandwidth, and CPU utilization). After receiving the query command, each candidate relay node collects its real-time resource status (remaining battery power is obtained through the built-in battery management module, idle channel bandwidth is counted through the short-range communication module, and CPU utilization is calculated through the main control chip) and feeds back the resource status to the gateway. The gateway verifies the resource status of each candidate relay node, filters out all nodes that meet the minimum resource requirements, and further verifies the communication quality between these nodes and the target terminal node (the communication quality detection in step 401 can be reused). Finally, the node that meets both the resource requirements and the communication quality requirements is determined as an auxiliary relay, and a confirmation command is sent to each auxiliary relay to inform it to be included in the data forwarding link.

[0104] In step S403, the gateway obtains the location information of all auxiliary relays (based on positioning data reported by each auxiliary relay, such as GPS / BeiDou data) and the communication quality parameters between them. Then, it uses a path planning algorithm (such as Dijkstra's algorithm) to plan the link. Specifically, using "gateway-auxiliary relay-target terminal node" as the basic link structure, it generates all possible path combinations (such as gateway-auxiliary relay A-target terminal node, gateway-auxiliary relay B-target terminal node, gateway-auxiliary relay A-auxiliary relay C-target terminal node, etc.). Figure 5 An example of an established data transmission link is shown.

[0105] Next, in step S404, each identified data transmission link is evaluated. The evaluation criteria include two indicators: the number of nodes and the available channel width (number). Under the premise of meeting the requirements of the available channel width (number), the number of nodes should be as small as possible.

[0106] Then, based on this evaluation criterion, a target data transmission link can be selected from the data transmission links. Figure 6 An example of a selected target data transmission link is shown. This target data transmission link is then broadcast within the local area network (LAN) so that auxiliary relays within the LAN are aware of the participants in the target data transmission link. The data to be transmitted is then processed using frequency hopping spread spectrum and transmitted via the LAN.

[0107] For example, when the gateway needs to send data to the target terminal node, it first calls the built-in frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation module to modulate the data to be sent according to the preset frequency hopping spread spectrum parameters (that is, to process it according to the preset frequency hopping spread spectrum method). For example, the specific modulation process may include dividing the baseband data into multiple data blocks, each data block corresponding to a frequency hopping frequency point, controlling the switching of the carrier frequency through a pseudo-random frequency hopping sequence, and increasing the redundancy of the data through spread spectrum coding.

[0108] After modulation, the gateway sends the data to the first auxiliary relay according to the node sequence of the target data transmission link, carrying the link ID and the address of the target terminal node in the transmitted data. After receiving the data, the first auxiliary relay confirms the address of the next node according to the link configuration in its own forwarding table, and forwards the data to the next auxiliary relay (if it exists) until the data is transmitted to the target terminal node. After receiving the data, the target terminal node restores the baseband data through the frequency hopping spread spectrum demodulation module and sends a data reception confirmation signal back to the gateway. The confirmation signal is transmitted back to the gateway along the target data transmission link, completing one data transmission cycle.

[0109] It is worth noting that, in this embodiment, after the gateway and communication nodes establish a data interaction relationship through the short-range communication network, the gateway sends detection data packets to each communication node. If a communication node receives the detection data packet, and the gateway also receives a reply data packet from the communication node with correct content, it indicates that the communication node and the gateway can establish a data transmission relationship through the short-range communication network. Conversely, if the gateway does not receive a reply data packet from the communication node, or receives a reply data packet but with incorrect content, it indicates that the communication node and the gateway cannot establish a data transmission relationship through the short-range communication network. Therefore, the process of establishing a local area network and using an auxiliary relay to establish a data transmission link is triggered.

[0110] In addition, for auxiliary relays participating in the data transmission link, communication quality is the primary consideration. Only when the communication quality is the same can the selection be based on the number of available channels. In this case, the auxiliary relay with more available channels is preferred.

[0111] It is worth noting that when the available channel bandwidth is insufficient, multiple data transmission links can be used simultaneously. If the auxiliary relay still cannot meet the data transmission requirements, the overflow data carried by the auxiliary relay channel will be transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0112] In some possible implementations, after establishing the data transmission link, the data transmission method further includes: dividing the channel resources of each auxiliary relay on the data transmission link, and determining the private channel resources and shared channel resources of the auxiliary relays.

[0113] The proprietary channel resources are used by auxiliary relays and gateways to transmit their own service data, while the shared channel resources are used by auxiliary relays to forward the transmission data of other communication nodes.

[0114] In other words, after establishing the data transmission link, before transmitting relevant data through the data transmission link, it is necessary to allocate channel resources for auxiliary relays on the data transmission link. Channel resources include two types: private channel resources and shared channel resources. The specific requirements are:

[0115] The channel resources are reserved for the auxiliary relay's own use, that is, the channel bandwidth is specifically allocated to the auxiliary relay for its own business data transmission and is not used to forward data from other nodes.

[0116] Shared channel resources are used by other communication nodes in the data transmission link. That is, the channel bandwidth allocated to auxiliary relays is used to forward data transmitted by other communication nodes (gateways or other auxiliary relays) in the data transmission link, and is not used for its own service data transmission.

[0117] The shared channel resources are used for the data transmission link. Here, integration is required. Integration means that the shared channel resources provided by each auxiliary relay in the data transmission link are consistent. That is, the shared channel resources mentioned above may be used in full or in part.

[0118] For example, after the gateway completes the creation of the data transmission link, it sends a channel resource allocation instruction to each auxiliary relay in each link. The instruction includes the auxiliary relay's own service type, historical service bandwidth statistics, and the forwarding bandwidth requirements of the data transmission link. After receiving the instruction, each auxiliary relay can use its built-in channel resource management module to calculate its own total channel bandwidth (e.g., the total bandwidth of a short-range communication module is 50Mbps). Subsequently, based on its own service type and historical service bandwidth statistics, it determines the bandwidth of its own channel resources. For example, if the auxiliary relay is a drone (its own service is aerial video transmission, and its historical average bandwidth is 15Mbps), then 20Mbps is reserved as its own channel resources (reserving 1.3 times the historical average bandwidth to cope with service fluctuations); as another example, if the auxiliary relay is a handheld terminal (its own service is location information reporting, and its historical average bandwidth is 2Mbps), then 3Mbps is reserved as its own channel resources.

[0119] The remaining portion after subtracting the bandwidth of the owned channel resources from the total channel bandwidth is the shared channel resource bandwidth. After determining the owned and shared channel resources, the auxiliary relay feeds back the channel allocation result to the gateway. The gateway verifies the allocation result (ensuring that the shared channel resource bandwidth is greater than or equal to the forwarding bandwidth requirement of the data transmission link). After the verification is passed, the channel resource allocation is completed.

[0120] In some possible implementations, when dividing channels, there are blank channels between adjacent channels, in order to reduce signal interference between adjacent channels.

[0121] In some possible implementations, when the channel carrying capacity threshold of any auxiliary relay on the data transmission link is lower than the amount of data to be transmitted, the data to be transmitted is split into a first data to be transmitted and a second data to be transmitted, according to the channel carrying capacity threshold.

[0122] The first data to be sent is transmitted via a data transmission link, and the second data to be sent is transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0123] The amount of data to be sent in the first data segment is equal to the channel carrying capacity threshold of the auxiliary relay.

[0124] In other words, the overflowing data carried by the auxiliary relay channel is transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet in order to avoid temporary data interruptions caused by the cessation of transmission of the overflowing data.

[0125] Furthermore, when the channel's data capacity is insufficient, low-Earth orbit satellite internet is activated for data transmission, and the low-Earth orbit satellite internet only transmits the data that overflows from the channel's capacity.

[0126] Specifically, the channel carrying capacity threshold refers to the maximum amount of data that the shared channel resources of the auxiliary relay can stably transmit per unit time, which is determined by the bandwidth of the shared channel resources and the efficiency of the transmission protocol (channel carrying capacity threshold = shared channel resource bandwidth × transmission protocol efficiency).

[0127] The amount of data to be sent refers to the total amount of data that the gateway needs to send in a single transmission to the target terminal node (i.e., the communication node that cannot establish a connection with the gateway through a short-range communication network) via the data transmission link. For example, the amount of data for a single high-definition video clip is 500MB.

[0128] The first data to be sent refers to the data transmitted through the data transmission link after being split. Its data volume is equal to the product of the channel carrying threshold of the auxiliary relay and the transmission time (i.e., the maximum amount of data that the auxiliary relay can carry within the transmission time).

[0129] The second data to be transmitted refers to the data that has been split and transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet. Its data volume is the data volume of the data to be transmitted minus the data volume of the first data to be transmitted (i.e., the overflow data that exceeds the carrying capacity of the auxiliary relay channel).

[0130] For example, before sending data to the target terminal node, the gateway first sends a channel carrying threshold query command to each auxiliary relay on the data transmission link. Each auxiliary relay calculates its own channel carrying threshold by sharing channel resource bandwidth and transmission protocol efficiency, and feeds back the result to the gateway. After obtaining the channel carrying threshold of each auxiliary relay, the gateway determines the minimum channel carrying threshold in the link (i.e., the channel carrying threshold of the bottleneck auxiliary relay), and at the same time calculates the amount of data to be sent (e.g., if the size of the high-definition video clip to be transmitted is 500MB and the planned transmission time is 10 seconds, then the amount of data to be sent per unit time = 500MB ÷ 10 seconds = 50MB / s).

[0131] When the minimum channel carrying capacity threshold (2.8125MB / s) is lower than the amount of data to be transmitted per unit time (50MB / s), the data splitting process is triggered. That is, the gateway calculates the amount of the first data to be transmitted and the amount of the second data to be transmitted based on the minimum channel carrying capacity threshold and the planned transmission duration. Subsequently, the gateway adds splitting identifiers (such as "link transmission-01" and "satellite transmission-01") and sequence numbers to the first and second data to be transmitted, respectively, to facilitate reassembly after reception by the target terminal node.

[0132] After the gateway completes the data splitting, two transmission paths are started simultaneously. For the first data to be sent, the gateway modulates it using a preset frequency hopping spread spectrum method, and then forwards it sequentially through the auxiliary relays of the target data transmission link, finally transmitting it to the target terminal node. During the transmission process, each auxiliary relay only uses shared channel resources to ensure that it does not affect its own services.

[0133] For the second data to be transmitted, the gateway controls the satellite communication module to start (or the data can be compressed first before starting to reduce the data volume and improve satellite transmission efficiency), completes signal acquisition and link negotiation with the low-Earth orbit satellite internet, and sends the compressed second data to be transmitted to the low-Earth orbit satellite constellation through the satellite communication module. The low-Earth orbit satellite constellation directly forwards the data to the satellite communication module of the target terminal node to realize data transmission.

[0134] By splitting the data, the data to be transmitted beyond the capacity of the auxiliary relay channel is divided into two parts. The first part is transmitted via the data transmission link, making full use of existing emergency communication link resources and ensuring the timely transmission of some data. The second part is transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet, leveraging the wide coverage and immunity to ground interference of the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to solve the problem of insufficient capacity of the data transmission link channel. Parallel transmission along two paths improves the overall data transmission efficiency and shortens the total transmission time. Data compression reduces the amount of data transmitted via satellite, reducing the energy consumption and cost of satellite communication, thus fully ensuring the integrity and timeliness of the data to be transmitted and meeting the needs of large-volume data transmission in high-security scenarios.

[0135] In some examples, refer to Figure 7 When the signal quality of the 5G communication network frequently approaches the second signal strength threshold, the data transmission method of this application embodiment may further include the following steps S701-S704.

[0136] Step S701: Under the condition that the 5G communication network signal quality meets the preset unstable conditions, collect the amount of data successfully transmitted through the 5G communication network within a unit time period at preset intervals.

[0137] The preset unstable conditions include:

[0138] The 5G communication network signal quality is between the second signal strength threshold and the first signal strength threshold, and the difference between the 5G communication network signal quality and the second signal strength threshold is less than a preset difference threshold, and the duration of the state where the difference is less than the preset difference threshold reaches a preset duration threshold.

[0139] That is, when the signal quality of the 5G communication network frequently approaches the second signal strength threshold, the data carrying capacity of the 5G communication network is dynamically calculated in time series, for example... Figure 8 As shown. Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents data capacity, which is the amount of data successfully transmitted through the 5G communication network per unit time.

[0140] Step S702: Arrange the data in chronological order of collection time to construct an evaluation series.

[0141] Among them, the evaluation sequence refers to an ordered sequence composed of the amount of data successfully transmitted per unit time, which is used to calculate the instability value and reflect the time change trend of 5G link transmission stability.

[0142] Step S703: Calculate the instability value of the evaluation sequence to determine the degree of signal interference in the 5G communication network.

[0143] The instability value refers to the value used to quantify the degree of fluctuation of the series. The larger the value, the worse the stability of the 5G link transmission and the more serious the interference of the signal environment.

[0144] The level of signal environmental interference refers to the degree of impact of interference (such as electromagnetic interference and multi-user contention interference) in the environment in which the 5G communication network is located on the link transmission. The higher the level of interference, the more unstable the link transmission.

[0145] Step S704: Adjust the second signal strength threshold according to the instability value of the evaluation sequence.

[0146] In this embodiment, steps S701 to S704 involve calculating an instability value using the data carrying capacity (the number of successfully transmitted data packets per unit time), and then dynamically adjusting the second signal strength threshold based on the instability value of the evaluation sequence. In other words, the second signal strength threshold is a dynamic value, not a fixed value.

[0147] For example, if the required number of data packets to be sent per unit time is 100, but 10 of them fail to send successfully, then the number of successfully transmitted data packets is 90. If this number of 90 packets remains stable, then the instability value obtained when calculating the evaluation series is zero. In this case, most data packets continue to be sent in the original manner, and the overflowing data packets are sent using low-Earth orbit satellite internet.

[0148] The advantage of having a dynamic second signal strength threshold is that it can guarantee the quality of data transmission, enabling data transmission and reception to proceed normally.

[0149] For example, the gateway monitors the 5G communication network signal quality in real time and determines whether preset instability conditions are met. Assume the first signal strength threshold is -70dBm, the second signal strength threshold is -90dBm, the preset difference threshold is 5dBm, and the preset duration threshold is 30 seconds. When the 5G communication network signal quality is -87dBm (between -90dBm and -70dBm), the difference from the second signal strength threshold is 3dBm (less than 5dBm), and this state lasts for 30 seconds, it indicates that the 5G communication network signal quality is frequently approaching the second signal strength threshold, triggering a data acquisition process. That is, the gateway starts acquisition at preset intervals (e.g., every second), using the transmission statistics function of the 5G communication module to record the amount of data successfully transmitted per second (e.g., 30Mbps in the 1st second, 28Mbps in the 4th second, 32Mbps in the 7th second, etc.), and continues to acquire data.

[0150] After the gateway completes data collection, it extracts the amount of successfully transmitted data per unit time for each collection and sorts them according to the order of collection time. For example, if 20 data samples are collected within 60 seconds, with collection times at 0 seconds, 3 seconds, 6 seconds...57 seconds, the corresponding successful data transmission amounts are 30Mbps, 28Mbps, 32Mbps, 29Mbps...31Mbps, respectively. These data amounts are then arranged in order of collection time to construct an evaluation series: [30,28,32,29,...,31] (a total of 20 elements). After construction, the evaluation series can be preprocessed to remove outliers (such as data exceeding 3 times the standard deviation of the normal range; if the normal data range is 25-35Mbps, a sample with 10Mbps is considered an outlier and is removed, then filled with the average of the two adjacent samples) to ensure the validity of the evaluation series.

[0151] Next, the gateway calculates the instability value of the evaluation series. This instability value reflects the degree of interference in the signal environment of the 5G communication network; the higher the instability value, the greater the interference. The second signal strength threshold is then adjusted based on the instability value.

[0152] Therefore, by adjusting the second signal strength threshold according to the instability value, dynamic adaptation of the threshold is achieved, avoiding the problem of insufficient adaptability of fixed thresholds in dynamic signal environments. This can reduce the frequent switching between 5G and satellite networks, reduce gateway power consumption, and improve the stability and adaptability of the entire data transmission system.

[0153] In some exemplary embodiments, the specific method for calculating the instability value of the evaluation sequence in step S703 above is as follows:

[0154] First, calculate the difference series corresponding to the evaluation series, and based on the difference series, construct a difference reference curve with the values ​​of the difference series as the vertical axis and the collection time as the horizontal axis.

[0155] Next, the number of troughs on the difference reference curve is counted. The number of troughs is then used to determine the instability value of the evaluation series.

[0156] Specifically, the first step is to calculate the difference series of the evaluation series, typically using either a first-order or second-order difference series. A first-order difference series is the sequence formed by subtracting the preceding term from the following term of any two adjacent elements in the evaluation series, reflecting the first-order rate of change of the evaluation series (i.e., the instantaneous trend of data change). A second-order difference series is the sequence formed by subtracting the preceding term from the following term of any two adjacent elements in the first-order difference series, reflecting the second-order rate of change of the evaluation series (i.e., the change in the trend of data change).

[0157] Then, a difference reference curve is generated using the difference series. The generated difference reference curve is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The difference reference curve can be generated by arranging the differences in the difference series in chronological order, using the position after arrangement as the abscissa and the value (difference) as the ordinate in a Cartesian coordinate system, and then connecting these points in sequence. The resulting curve is the difference reference curve.

[0158] Figure 9 The positions in the (sequential positions) arrangement do not have units, and the numerical values ​​(differences) themselves also do not have units.

[0159] Next, the number of troughs on the difference reference curve is counted, and the number of troughs is used as the instability value of the sequence. A trough is a point on the difference reference curve whose value is less than the values ​​of its two adjacent points (for the first and last points of the sequence, it is only necessary to satisfy the condition that the value of one side is less than the value of the adjacent points), and it is a key node reflecting the downward trend of the data volume.

[0160] The troughs that appear on the difference reference curve indicate that the difference series has fluctuated. The greater the fluctuation, the greater the instability of the series, and vice versa.

[0161] The instability value reflects the signal quality in the environment. The higher the instability value, the worse the signal quality in the environment, which means that there is environmental interference or targeted interference.

[0162] For example, the gateway first determines the fluctuation type of the evaluation sequence. If the trend of the evaluation sequence is relatively flat (e.g., the absolute value of the difference between adjacent elements is mostly ≤3Mbps), then the first difference sequence is calculated; if the trend of the evaluation sequence is relatively drastic (e.g., the absolute value of the difference between adjacent elements is mostly >3Mbps), then the second difference sequence is calculated.

[0163] For example, if the evaluation sequence is [30,28,32,29,31,27,33,28], and the differences between adjacent elements are -2, +4, -3, +2, -4, +6, -5 respectively, then the first difference sequence is [-2,4,-3,2,-4,6,-5]. If the evaluation sequence is [30,15,35,20,40,10,45,5], and the differences between adjacent elements fluctuate drastically (-15, +20, -15, +20, -30, +35, -40), then the second difference sequence is calculated.

[0164] Subsequently, the gateway plots a difference reference curve using the acquisition time as the horizontal axis (corresponding to the acquisition time of the evaluation series, such as the 0th second, the 3rd second, the 6th second, etc.) and the value of the difference series as the vertical axis through its built-in plotting module (the first difference series corresponds to the first difference reference curve, and the second difference series corresponds to the second difference reference curve).

[0165] The gateway determines the trough point for each point on the difference reference curve: For a single difference reference curve, if the value (difference) of a point is less than the value of its left neighbor and less than the value of its right neighbor, then that point is a trough point; for the first point of the sequence, if its value is less than the value of its right neighbor, then it is a trough point; for the last point of the sequence, if its value is less than the value of its left neighbor, then it is a trough point. For example, if the difference sequence is [-2,4,-3,2,-4,6,-5], the corresponding points on the difference reference curve are P1(-2), P2(4), P3(-3), P4(2), P5(-4), P6(6), and P7(-5). The judgment results are: P1 (-2<4, is a trough point), P3 (-3<4 and -3<2, is a trough point), P5 (-4<2 and -4<6, is a trough point), and P7 (-5<6, is a trough point). The number of trough points is 4. After the statistics are completed, the gateway records the number of trough points and their corresponding location information.

[0166] After counting the number of troughs, the gateway directly determines this number as the instability value of the evaluation sequence. For example, if the number of troughs is 4, the instability value is 4; if the number of troughs is 0, the instability value is 0. After determination, the gateway stores the instability value and uses it for subsequent adjustment of the second signal strength threshold.

[0167] Specifically, in some embodiments, the adjustment method for the second signal strength threshold may include:

[0168] When the instability value of the evaluation sequence is zero, the second signal strength threshold remains unchanged. When the instability value of the evaluation sequence is not zero, the second signal strength threshold is increased until the instability value is zero, or until it falls within a set allowable range.

[0169] Specifically, an instability value of zero means that the number of troughs on the difference reference curve is zero. This indicates that there are no decreasing nodes in the amount of data successfully transmitted per unit time in the evaluation series, the amount of data remains stable or continues to rise, the 5G link transmission stability is good, and the signal environment has no interference or slight interference.

[0170] A non-zero instability value indicates that the number of troughs on the difference reference curve is greater than or equal to 1. This suggests that there is a decrease in the amount of data successfully transmitted per unit time in the evaluation series, indicating unstable 5G link transmission and interference in the signal environment. Therefore, increasing the value of the second signal strength threshold (e.g., from -90dBm to -85dBm) brings the threshold closer to the first signal strength threshold, triggering the preset standby state of the low-Earth orbit satellite internet in advance.

[0171] For example, when the gateway determines that the instability value is not zero, it initiates a threshold increase process. The preset increase step size is 2dBm (which can be adjusted according to the interference level; the step size is 5dBm when the interference is severe). For example, if the current instability value is 4 and the second signal strength threshold is -90dBm, the first increase is 2dBm to -88dBm. After adjustment, the gateway re-collects data, constructs an evaluation sequence, and calculates the instability value according to the process described in the above embodiment. If the new instability value is 3 (still not zero), it is increased again by 2dBm to -86dBm. This process is repeated until the adjusted second signal strength threshold is -82dBm, at which point the new instability value is zero. At this point, the gateway stops adjusting and uses -82dBm as the new second signal strength threshold.

[0172] It is worth noting that during the adjustment, it is necessary to ensure that the adjusted second signal strength threshold is always less than the first signal strength threshold (e.g., if the first signal strength threshold is -70dBm, -82dBm < -70dBm, which meets the requirements).

[0173] Therefore, when the instability value is not zero, the second signal strength threshold is increased until the instability value is zero. This ensures that the adjusted threshold can accurately adapt to the current signal environment and effectively suppress the impact of 5G signal fluctuations. The increased threshold can trigger the preset backup state of the low-orbit satellite internet in advance, avoiding transmission interruptions caused by rapid attenuation of the 5G signal. At the same time, it reduces frequent switching and lowers gateway power consumption. Ultimately, it achieves stable 5G link transmission and ensures the continuity and reliability of the entire data transmission system.

[0174] This application also provides a data transmission device, including: a data transmission unit, a quality evaluation unit, and a data interaction network selection unit.

[0175] The data transmission unit establishes a data transmission relationship with the communication node via a short-range communication network to enable data interaction. The quality evaluation unit evaluates the signal quality of the 5G communication network used for communication with the server when data interaction with the server is required, thus obtaining the 5G communication network signal quality. The data interaction network selection unit uses the 5G communication network to interact with the server when the 5G communication network signal quality is greater than a first signal strength threshold. When the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the first signal strength threshold but greater than a second signal strength threshold, it uses the 5G communication network to interact with the server and switches the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to a preset standby state. When the 5G communication network signal quality is not greater than the second signal strength threshold, it switches to using the low-Earth orbit satellite internet to interact with the server.

[0176] Among them, the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

[0177] In one example, the unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.

[0178] For example, when the units in the device can be implemented through a processing element scheduler, the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling programs. Alternatively, these units can be integrated together to form a system-on-a-chip (SOC).

[0179] In this application, various objects such as messages / information / devices / network elements / systems / apparatus / actions / operations / processes / concepts may be named. It is understood that these specific names do not constitute a limitation on the relevant objects. The names may be changed depending on the scenario, context, or usage habits. The understanding of the technical meaning of the technical terms in this application should be mainly determined from their functions and technical effects embodied / performed in the technical solution.

[0180] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0181] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0182] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0183] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0184] It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are merely to indicate that multiple objects are different. For example, a first time window and a second time window are only to indicate different time windows. They should not have any effect on the time windows themselves, and the aforementioned terms "first," "second," etc., should not impose any limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0185] It should also be understood that, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0186] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a computer-readable storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0187] This application also provides a computer program product including instructions that, when executed, cause the terminal device and the network device to perform operations corresponding to the methods described above.

[0188] This application also provides a gateway, the gateway comprising:

[0189] One or more memories for storing instructions; and one or more processors for calling and executing the instructions from the memories to perform the methods described above.

[0190] This application also provides a chip system including a processor for implementing the functions involved in the above description, such as generating, receiving, transmitting, or processing the data and / or information involved in the above methods.

[0191] This chip system can consist of chips or include chips and other discrete components.

[0192] The processor mentioned above can be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits that execute a program to control the method of transmitting the feedback information described above.

[0193] In one possible design, the chip system also includes a memory for storing necessary program instructions and data. The processor and the memory can be decoupled and located on different devices, connected via wired or wireless means to support the chip system in implementing the various functions described in the above embodiments. Alternatively, the processor and the memory can also be coupled to the same device.

[0194] Optionally, the computer instructions are stored in memory.

[0195] Optionally, the memory can be a storage unit within the chip, such as a register or cache. Alternatively, the memory can be a storage unit located outside the chip within the terminal, such as a ROM or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, such as RAM.

[0196] It is understood that the memory in this application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.

[0197] Non-volatile memory can be ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory.

[0198] Volatile memory can be RAM, which is used as an external cache. There are many different types of RAM, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus random access memory.

[0199] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, This is applied to a data transmission system, which includes a server, a gateway, and at least two communication nodes, wherein the data transmission method is executed by the gateway and includes: A data transmission relationship with the communication node is established through a short-range communication network, so as to realize data interaction with the communication node through the short-range communication network; When it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, the signal quality of the 5G communication network accessed for communication with the server is evaluated to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality. When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is greater than the first signal strength threshold, the 5G communication network is used to interact with the server. When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is not greater than the first signal strength threshold but is greater than the second signal strength threshold, the 5G communication network is used to interact with the server, and the low-orbit satellite internet is switched to a preset standby state. When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is not greater than the second signal strength threshold, the system switches to using the low-orbit satellite internet to interact with the server. Wherein, the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

2. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When any communication node is unable to establish a data transmission relationship with the gateway through the short-range communication network, the data transmission method further includes: Within the communication coverage area of ​​the gateway, the detection communication quality between the gateway and each of the communication nodes is obtained, and a communication local area network for emergency communication between the gateway and any of the communication nodes is constructed based on the detection communication quality corresponding to each of the communication nodes. From other communication nodes in the communication local area network, other communication nodes that can participate in auxiliary communication are selected to obtain auxiliary relays; Based on each of the auxiliary relays, at least one data transmission link is created between the gateway and any of the communication nodes; From the at least one data transmission link, a target data transmission link is determined, and the link information of the target data transmission link is broadcast in the communication local area network; When data needs to be sent to any of the communication nodes, the data to be sent is modulated using a preset frequency hopping spread spectrum method, and then sent to any of the communication nodes through the target data transmission link and with the help of the communication local area network.

3. The data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After establishing the data transmission link, the data transmission method further includes: The channel resources of each auxiliary relay on the data transmission link are divided to determine the private channel resources and shared channel resources of the auxiliary relay. The proprietary channel resources are used by the auxiliary relay to transmit its own service data with the gateway, while the shared channel resources are used by the auxiliary relay to forward the transmission data of other communication nodes.

4. The data transmission method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the channel carrying threshold of any auxiliary relay on the data transmission link is lower than the amount of data to be transmitted, the data to be transmitted is split into a first data to be transmitted and a second data to be transmitted according to the channel carrying threshold. The first data to be sent is transmitted via the data transmission link, and the second data to be sent is transmitted via low-Earth orbit satellite internet; Wherein, the amount of the first data to be transmitted is equal to the channel carrying threshold of the auxiliary relay.

5. The data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data transmission method further includes: Under the condition that the signal quality of the 5G communication network meets the preset unstable conditions, the amount of data successfully transmitted through the 5G communication network within a unit time is collected at preset intervals. The data volumes are arranged in chronological order of collection time to construct an evaluation series; The instability value of the evaluation series is calculated to determine the degree of signal environmental interference in the 5G communication network. The second signal strength threshold is adjusted based on the instability values ​​of the evaluation sequence. The preset instability conditions include: The 5G communication network signal quality is between the second signal strength threshold and the first signal strength threshold, and the difference between the 5G communication network signal quality and the second signal strength threshold is less than a preset difference threshold, and the duration of the state where the difference is less than the preset difference threshold reaches a preset duration threshold.

6. The data transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the instability value of the evaluation series includes: Calculate the difference series corresponding to the evaluation series, and based on the difference series, construct a difference reference curve with the values ​​of the difference series as the vertical axis and the collection time as the horizontal axis; Count the number of troughs on the aforementioned difference reference curve; The number of troughs is determined as the instability value of the evaluation sequence.

7. The data transmission method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the second signal strength threshold based on the instability values ​​of the evaluation sequence includes: When the instability value of the evaluation sequence is zero, the second signal strength threshold is kept unchanged; When the instability value of the evaluation sequence is not zero, the second signal strength threshold is increased until the instability value is zero.

8. A data transmission device, characterized in that, include: The data transmission unit is used to establish a data transmission relationship with the communication node through a short-range communication network, so as to realize data interaction with the communication node through the short-range communication network; The quality evaluation unit is used to evaluate the signal quality of the 5G communication network accessed to communicate with the server when it is detected that data interaction with the server is required, and to obtain the 5G communication network signal quality. Data interaction network selection unit, used for: When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is greater than the first signal strength threshold, the 5G communication network is used to interact with the server. When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is not greater than the first signal strength threshold but is greater than the second signal strength threshold, the 5G communication network is used to interact with the server, and the low-orbit satellite internet is switched to a preset standby state. When the signal quality of the 5G communication network is not greater than the second signal strength threshold, the system switches to using the low-orbit satellite internet to interact with the server. Wherein, the first signal strength threshold is greater than the second signal strength threshold.

9. A gateway, characterized in that, The gateway includes: One or more memories are used to store instructions; One or more processors are configured to retrieve and execute the instructions from the memory to perform the data transfer method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes: The program, when run by a processor, executes the data transfer method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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