Bioformulation of semi-saccharified cellulose-based termite bait and preparation process thereof
By combining hemi-saccharified cellulose with Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis in a termite bait formulation and preparation process, the problems of insufficient attractant power and easy mold growth in existing termite baits have been solved, achieving a highly efficient and long-lasting termite killing effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHANGZHOU INST OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing biological termite baits have limited ability to attract termites due to the cellulose structure of their carriers, resulting in delayed intake and spread of active ingredients, and they are also prone to mold growth and have a short duration of effectiveness.
Using hemi-saccharified fiber as the main formulation, combined with Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxic protein powder, it is prepared into granules or blocks through a cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis process. This simulates the initial enzymatic hydrolysis state of the termite midgut, enhancing palatability and stability, and killing termites synergistically through fungal and gastric poison effects.
It increases the amount of food consumed by termites and the rapid intake of active ingredients, achieving a rapid killing effect with a lasting effect of 8-14 months. It is environmentally friendly and leaves no chemical residue.
Smart Images
Figure CN122181520A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of termite bait preparation technology, specifically to a biological termite bait formulation and preparation process based on hemiglycolic fibers. Background Technology
[0002] Termites are a general term for insects in the order Blattodea, such as the order Blattodea. They are relatively small in size. Reproductive ants have two pairs of wings that are longer than their bodies, providing ample protection. They have a pair of compound eyes and a pair of simple eyes in front of their heads. Worker and soldier ants generally only have simple eyes, and their compound eyes are basically degenerate. They are named termites because of their grayish-white body color.
[0003] Termites are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and have a wide distribution range. They mostly live in warm, humid, and hidden places. Termites are gregarious and nest-living. Their food mainly consists of cellulose and hemicellulose from plants and wood, such as plant roots, stems and bark, wood, dry branches and fallen leaves, and wood products containing cellulose. Termites have a strong reproductive capacity, with each queen laying 400-500 eggs per day, and up to more than 80,000 eggs. Their lifespan is 15-30 years, and can reach up to 50 years. Termites are insidious pests that seriously threaten the safety of buildings, forestry, and cultural relics. While traditional chemical control methods are rapid, they easily lead to environmental pollution, increased pesticide resistance, and non-target toxicity. Biological baits, which spread through the food chain via pathogenic microorganisms or toxic proteins, achieve horizontal diffusion and eradication of termites, and have become a direction for green pest control.
[0004] The existing technology has the following defects or problems: Current biological baits commonly use carriers such as cellulose powder, sawdust, pulp, or agricultural waste. However, the intact cellulose structure has limited attraction for termites, who rely on gut microbes for prolonged degradation, thus delaying the intake and spread of active ingredients. Although there have been attempts to improve palatability by adding sugars, yeast extracts, or fermentation products, these methods easily lead to moisture absorption and mold growth, and shorten the effective period (usually <3 months).
[0005] It should be noted that the above content falls within the inventor's technical knowledge and does not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a biological termite bait formulation and preparation process based on hemiglycolic fibers, solving the current problems.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber, comprising the following parts by weight: The ingredients include 65-82 parts of hemi-saccharified fiber, 5-10 parts of Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder, 4-9 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin protein powder, 2-5 parts of adhesive agent, 2-5 parts of humidity regulator, 0.3-0.8 parts of preservative agent, 1-3 parts of attractant enhancer, and the remainder being a carrier.
[0008] In some embodiments, the hemi-saccharified fiber is made from microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose by adding cellulase for enzymatic hydrolysis.
[0009] In some embodiments, the spore viability of the Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 strain spore powder is greater than 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 It contains CFU / g and is a selected strain with high toxicity to termites. Its spores have been optimized through solid-state fermentation and have high vitality and strong stress resistance.
[0010] In some embodiments, the Bt toxin in the Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin powder is a crystalline protein powder that has been spray-dried or freeze-dried, and the activity of the toxin is confirmed by toxicity determination on standard target insects.
[0011] In some embodiments, the adhesive is specifically sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the humidity regulator is specifically sorbitol, the preservative is specifically sodium benzoate, the inducing agent is specifically L-lysine, and the carrier is specifically diatomaceous earth.
[0012] In some embodiments, the bait is formed into granules with a diameter of 3-8 mm, blocks with a diameter of 5-15 mm, and tablets with a thickness of 2-4 mm, with a moisture content of 8-13% and a bulk density of 0.45-0.65 g / cm³.
[0013] Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a preparation process for a biological termite bait based on hemiglycolized fiber, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Use one of microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose as the raw material for hemi-saccharified fiber, then add cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze it at a temperature of 48-52 degrees Celsius. Step 2: After enzymatic hydrolysis, the temperature is rapidly raised to 90±2 degrees Celsius and kept at that temperature for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling, the mixture is solidified at 50-60 degrees Celsius by vacuum filtration. Then, it is dried by forced air drying until the moisture content is ≤8%. After pulverizing and sieving, hemi-saccharified fiber powder with a particle size of 30-120μm is obtained. Step 3: Under aseptic conditions, Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin protein powder are mixed according to the specified ratio. Then, diatomaceous earth is added as a carrier. The mixture is mixed at low speed for 30-45 minutes using an external three-dimensional mixer to ensure uniform adsorption of active ingredients, thereby obtaining composite active powder. Step 4: Place the semi-saccharified fiber, adhesive, humidity regulator, preservative, and attractant in a high-speed mixer and dry mix for 5-8 minutes until uniform to obtain the initial mixture; Step 5: Slowly add distilled water dropwise to the initial mixture while stirring until the material is in a suitable moist state. Then gradually add the composite active powder and continue the mixing process. Step Six: A twin-screw extruder can be used to extrude the mixture into strips, and a rounding machine can be used to round the material into granules; Step 7: Place in a forced ventilation drying oven at 40-48 degrees Celsius and dry for 8-14 hours until the moisture content is ≤11%. Sieve to remove dust and oversized materials. After surface sterilization with ultraviolet lamp, seal in aluminum foil composite bags and store in the dark at low temperature.
[0014] In some embodiments, the cellulase is a substrate with an enzyme activity of 150-250 FPU / g, the substrate concentration is controlled at 8-12%, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.8-5.2; In some embodiments, the enzymatic hydrolysis time needs to be controlled to be 35-45% of the time required for complete saccharification. The complete saccharification time can be determined by measuring the plateau phase of reducing sugars using the parallel DNS method, and the time is 4-8 hours. Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a biological termite bait formulation and preparation process based on hemiglycolic fibers, which has the following beneficial effects: This bio-based termite bait formulation and preparation process, based on hemiglycolic cellulose, differs from existing termite bait formulations in that it uses hemiglycolic cellulose as the main component. The hemiglycolic cellulose is obtained by partially enzymatically hydrolyzing cellulose with cellulase, terminating the saccharification reaction when less than half the time required for complete saccharification (typically 30%-48%) has elapsed. This product is rich in oligosaccharides (cellobiose, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, etc.), soluble oligosaccharides, and some cellulose residues retaining their crystalline structure. It mimics the initial enzymatic hydrolysis state of the termite midgut, exhibiting high palatability and rapid feeding characteristics, while also possessing a relatively stable physical structure and resisting rapid mold growth. Hemiglycolized fiber is rich in oligosaccharides and some easily accessible fiber structures, which highly mimic the initial degradation products of the termite midgut. It has a strong attraction to termites (the amount of food consumed is 2.5-4.2 times higher than that of ordinary microcrystalline cellulose in laboratory selective tests), and the consumption speed is fast, which promotes the rapid intake of active ingredients. By adding Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder, BJ-3 spores infect the termites through the body surface / digestive tract, achieving horizontal transmission of fungi to kill the termite colony; Bt toxic protein produces rapid gastric poisoning, destroying the midgut epithelium, causing termites to quickly stop feeding and die. The two form a synergistic mechanism of "rapid killing (Bt) + slow transmission (Beauveria bassiana)" to improve the overall extermination effect. This bait formulation is environmentally friendly, leaves no chemical residues, has low toxicity to humans, animals, and non-target organisms, and has a duration of effectiveness of 8-14 months. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation process of the hemi-saccharified fiber biological termite bait of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] It should be understood that the step numbers used in the text are for ease of description only and are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed.
[0018] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0019] The terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described feature, whole, step, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.
[0020] The term “and / or” refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.
[0021] Example 1: A biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolized fiber, comprising the following parts by weight: 78 parts of semi-saccharified fiber, which is made from microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose as raw materials by adding cellulase for enzymatic hydrolysis. Its chemical formula is as follows:
[0022] Seven samples of Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder were collected, and the spore viability of the Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder was greater than 3.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The concentration is CFU / g, and it is a selected strain with high toxicity to termites. Its spores have been optimized through solid-state fermentation and have high activity and strong stress resistance. Six samples of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin protein powder were collected. The Bt toxin protein in the Bt toxin protein powder was a crystalline protein powder that had been spray-dried or freeze-dried. The activity of the toxin protein was confirmed by the determination of toxicity against standard target insects. 3 parts adhesive, 3 parts humidity regulator, 0.5 parts corrosion inhibitor, 1.5 parts attractant, and the remainder carrier; The adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the humidity regulator is sorbitol, the preservative is sodium benzoate, the inducing agent is L-lysine, and the carrier is diatomaceous earth. Please refer to Figure 1 Based on the above-mentioned biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fibers, a preparation process for the biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fibers is proposed, including the following steps: Step 1: Use one of microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose as the raw material for hemi-saccharified fiber, then add cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze at a temperature of 48 degrees Celsius. Step 2: After enzymatic hydrolysis, the temperature is rapidly raised to 90 degrees Celsius and kept at that temperature for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling, the mixture is solidified at 50 degrees Celsius by vacuum filtration and then dried by forced air drying until the moisture content is ≤8%. After pulverizing and sieving, hemi-saccharified fiber powder with a particle size of 30-120 μm is obtained. Step 3: Under aseptic conditions, Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin protein powder were mixed according to the specified ratio. Then, diatomaceous earth was added as a carrier, and the mixture was mixed at low speed for 45 minutes using an external three-dimensional mixer to ensure uniform adsorption of active ingredients, thereby obtaining composite active powder. Step 4: Place the semi-saccharified fiber, adhesive, humidity regulator, preservative, and attractant in a high-speed mixer and dry mix for 5 minutes until uniform to obtain the initial mixture; Step 5: Slowly add distilled water dropwise to the initial mixture while stirring until the material is in a suitable moist state. Then gradually add the composite active powder and continue the mixing process. Step Six: Use a rounding machine to round the material into granules; Step 7: Place in a 40°C forced ventilation drying oven and dry for 8 hours until the moisture content is ≤11%. Sieve to remove dust and oversized materials. After surface sterilization with ultraviolet lamp, seal in aluminum foil composite bags and store in the dark at low temperature.
[0023] It should be noted that the cellulase has an enzyme activity of 150-250 FPU / g substrate, and its substrate concentration should be controlled at 8% and the pH value adjusted to 4.8. The enzymatic hydrolysis time needs to be controlled to 42% of the time required for complete saccharification. The time for complete saccharification can be determined by measuring the plateau phase of reducing sugar using the parallel DNS method, which takes 7 hours. Through the above embodiments, pelleted feed with a moisture content of 9.8% can be obtained, and its particle size is controlled to be 5mm. Example 2: A biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolized fiber, comprising the following parts by weight: 70 parts of hemi-saccharified fiber, which is made from microcrystalline cellulose by adding cellulase for enzymatic hydrolysis; Ten samples of Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder were collected, and the spore viability of the Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder was greater than 3.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The concentration is CFU / g, and it is a selected strain with high toxicity to termites. Its spores have been optimized through solid-state fermentation and have high activity and strong stress resistance. Eight samples of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin protein powder were collected. The Bt toxin protein in the Bt toxin protein powder was a crystalline protein powder that had been spray-dried or freeze-dried. The activity of the toxin protein was confirmed by the determination of toxicity against standard target insects. 4 parts adhesive, 4 parts humidity regulator, 0.6 parts corrosion inhibitor, 2 parts attractant and enhancer, and the remainder carrier; The adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the humidity regulator is sorbitol, the preservative is sodium benzoate, the inducing agent is L-lysine, and the carrier is diatomaceous earth. The preparation process of Example 2 is similar to that of Example 1, except that in step six, a twin-screw extruder is used to extrude the mixture into strips; It should be noted that the cellulase has an enzyme activity of 150-250 FPU / g substrate, and its substrate concentration should be controlled at 8% and the pH value adjusted to 4.8. The enzymatic hydrolysis time needs to be controlled to 42% of the time required for complete saccharification. The time for complete saccharification can be determined by measuring the plateau phase of reducing sugar using the parallel DNS method, which takes 7 hours. Through the above embodiments, strip-shaped bait with a moisture content of 10.2% can be obtained; Both of the above-mentioned examples employed selective feeding experiments (Y-type olfactory instrument + multi-chamber feeding trough) and colony spread and killing experiments (foreign subterranean termite colony, initial 1000 termites). The results showed that the feed consumption of the bait of this invention was 2.8-3.9 times higher than that of ordinary cellulose-based baits, and the termite mortality rate reached 92%-98% 10-18 days after baiting, significantly superior to single BJ-3 spore bait (slow spread) or single Bt bait (weak spread). Field simulation tests showed an effective period exceeding 10 months with no obvious mold growth.
[0024] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.
[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A formulation and preparation process for a biological termite bait based on hemiglycolic fibers, characterized in that, Includes the following weight portions: The ingredients include 65-82 parts of hemi-saccharified fiber, 5-10 parts of Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder, 4-9 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin protein powder, 2-5 parts of adhesive agent, 2-5 parts of humidity regulator, 0.3-0.8 parts of preservative agent, 1-3 parts of attractant enhancer, and the remainder being a carrier.
2. The biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-saccharified fiber is made from microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose as raw materials, through enzymatic hydrolysis with the addition of cellulase.
3. The biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spore activity of the Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 strain spore powder was greater than 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 It contains CFU / g and is a selected strain with high toxicity to termites. Its spores have been optimized through solid-state fermentation and have high vitality and strong stress resistance.
4. The biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Bt toxin in the Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin powder is a crystalline protein powder that has been spray-dried or freeze-dried, and the activity of the toxin has been confirmed by toxicity determination on standard target insects.
5. The biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive is specifically sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the humidity regulator is specifically sorbitol, the preservative is specifically sodium benzoate, the inducing agent is specifically L-lysine, and the carrier is specifically diatomaceous earth.
6. The biological termite bait formulation based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bait is formed into granules with a diameter of 3-8 mm, blocks with a diameter of 5-15 mm, and tablets with a thickness of 2-4 mm. Its moisture content is 8-13%, and its bulk density is 0.45-0.65 g / cm³.
7. A preparation process for a biological termite bait based on hemiglycolic fiber, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Use one of microcrystalline cellulose and bleached sulfate wood pulp cellulose as the raw material for hemi-saccharified fiber, then add cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze it at a temperature of 48-52 degrees Celsius. Step 2: After enzymatic hydrolysis, the temperature is rapidly raised to 90±2 degrees Celsius and kept at that temperature for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling, the mixture is solidified at 50-60 degrees Celsius by vacuum filtration. Then, it is dried by forced air drying until the moisture content is ≤8%. After pulverizing and sieving, hemi-saccharified fiber powder with a particle size of 30-120μm is obtained. Step 3: Under aseptic conditions, Beauveria bassiana BJ-3 spore powder and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin protein powder are mixed according to the specified ratio. Then, diatomaceous earth is added as a carrier. The mixture is mixed at low speed for 30-45 minutes using an external three-dimensional mixer to ensure uniform adsorption of active ingredients, thereby obtaining composite active powder. Step 4: Place the semi-saccharified fiber, adhesive, humidity regulator, preservative, and attractant in a high-speed mixer and dry mix for 5-8 minutes until uniform to obtain the initial mixture; Step 5: Slowly add distilled water dropwise to the initial mixture while stirring until the material is in a suitable moist state. Then gradually add the composite active powder and continue the mixing process. Step Six: A twin-screw extruder can be used to extrude the mixture into strips, and a rounding machine can be used to round the material into granules; Step 7: Place in a forced ventilation drying oven at 40-48 degrees Celsius and dry for 8-14 hours until the moisture content is ≤11%. Sieve to remove dust and oversized materials. After surface sterilization with ultraviolet lamp, seal in aluminum foil composite bags and store in the dark at low temperature.
8. The preparation process of the biological termite bait based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cellulase has an enzyme activity of 150-250 FPU / g substrate, with the substrate concentration controlled at 8-12% and the pH value adjusted to 4.8-5.
2.
9. The preparation process of the biological termite bait based on hemiglycolic fiber according to claim 7, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysis time needs to be controlled to be 35-45% of the time required for complete saccharification. The complete saccharification time can be determined by measuring the plateau phase of reducing sugar using the parallel DNS method, which takes 4-8 hours.