An electrosurgical cutting system and method with tissue discrimination and anti-stick functionality

Abstract

This invention discloses an electrocoagulation cutting system and method with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions. It relates to the field of medical surgical instruments and electronic control technology, and includes: an intelligent surgical electrode assembly, internally equipped with surgical electrodes and a piezoelectric micro-vibration unit, and a smoke-capturing structure at the front end; a sensor module, connected to the structure to form an airway passage, utilizing particle size distribution and optical sensors to monitor the concentration ratio and instantaneous transmittance of fine particles in the smoke in real time; and a control host energy platform, which actively predicts tissue carbonization trends and dynamically adjusts high-frequency electrical energy based on real-time feedback data. Through multi-physics field cross-coupling control, waste gas is transformed into feedforward data to achieve advanced early warning of thermal damage. Combined with piezoelectric micro-vibration, it significantly improves the pain point of electrode eschar adhesion. A phase-locked loop restoration algorithm eliminates contact impedance noise caused by vibration, ensuring stable output of high-frequency composite energy. This achieves an integrated intelligent surgical solution of sensing, calculation, control, and suction, greatly improving the safety and continuity of clinical surgery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical surgical instruments and medical electronic control technology, specifically to an intelligent surgical device based on multi-physics field feature sensing, and more particularly to an electrocoagulation cutting system and method that integrates multi-dimensional smoke feature sensing, Venturi capture structure, piezoelectric micro-vibration anti-adhesion, and energy waveform compensation algorithm, and has tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions. Background Technology

[0002] High-frequency electrosurgical units, as an indispensable basic electrosurgical device in modern surgery, primarily use high-frequency current to heat tissue, thereby achieving the cutting and coagulation of biological tissues. However, in increasingly refined and minimally invasive modern surgical procedures, the inherent defects of traditional high-frequency electrosurgical units have become increasingly apparent, making it difficult to meet the clinical demands for ultimate safety and surgical continuity. Specifically, existing technologies have the following significant shortcomings:

[0003] 1. The severe lag in tissue thermal damage perception and the lack of a feedforward early warning mechanism mean that, during the cutting process of traditional high-frequency electrosurgical units, surgeons primarily rely on visual observation of tissue color changes to determine whether excessive carbonization has occurred. However, by the time the tissue has been observed to have turned black and charred, heat diffusion has often already caused irreversible damage to deep nerves and blood vessels. To address this issue, existing technologies attempt to introduce closed-loop control of electrical parameters. For example, Chinese patent application CN110753524A discloses a surgical component, system, and electrode assembly, which uses a control system that compensates for voltage and current errors by collecting data and combining it with an integrator. However, this purely electrical impedance monitoring method has inherent limitations: the impedance of human tissue fluctuates greatly due to the influence of electrode contact area and contact pressure, and a surge in impedance usually results from substantial tissue drying and carbonization. Therefore, existing electrical closed-loop control can only provide hindsight, failing to accurately capture the critical state before tissue dehydration and carbonization, and lacking effective early warning capabilities.

[0004] 2. The hazards of surgical smoke and the isolation of smoke extraction devices, which fail to fully utilize information sources, are significant. Tissue vaporization under high-frequency current generates large amounts of surgical smoke, containing a large amount of aerosols, volatile organic compounds, and coking particles. This dense smoke not only harms the health of medical staff but also severely interferes with the field of vision during endoscopic surgeries such as laparoscopy, forcing frequent surgical interruptions. Existing solutions typically involve external smoke extraction systems or integrating a suction tube into the electrosurgical unit. For example, Chinese patent application CN117338402A discloses a technical solution integrating a smoke extraction and filtration structure into the electrosurgical unit. However, existing smoke extraction devices treat this merely as an open-loop physical action for waste gas removal, failing to recognize that the smoke itself is a crucial carrier of information about the surgical progress and tissue state. Existing technologies cannot convert the extracted smoke into digital feedback signals controlling the energy output of the electrosurgical unit, resulting in the waste of valuable component fingerprint information.

[0005] 3. Risk of surgical interruption and secondary tearing due to electrode eschar adhesion: During cutting or coagulation, tissue fluid and proteins are easily heated to form eschar, which adheres firmly to the electrode surface, a phenomenon known as electrode sticking. This causes a sudden surge in electrode impedance and a significant decrease in cutting efficiency. More seriously, forcibly removing the electrode or cleaning it can easily trigger secondary tearing and bleeding of the coagulated tissue.

[0006] 4. The technical contradiction between introducing anti-adhesion mechanical vibration and maintaining stable electrical power output has led some scholars and companies in the industry to attempt to solve the adhesion problem by introducing mechanical structures. For example, Chinese patent application CN117379172B discloses a smart surgical electrosurgical device that combines pressure and impedance sensors to adjust power. However, its essence still relies on applying mechanical pressure to change the electrical contact state and cannot actively remove adhesions at the physical level. Attempting to directly apply high-frequency micro-vibrations to the electrodes to utilize mechanical shearing force for anti-adhesion, similar to the principle of an ultrasonic scalpel, introduces an extremely difficult new problem: piezoelectric vibration causes high-frequency periodic fluctuations in the contact resistance between the electrode and tissue, which are in sync with the vibration frequency, resulting in severe electrical noise. Existing electrosurgical mainframes, such as the plasma radiofrequency multipolar control system disclosed in Chinese patent CN117281607B, have underlying control algorithms that cannot accurately extract the true tissue reference impedance under conditions of superimposed high-frequency mechanical oscillations. This leads to irregular and violent fluctuations in the output voltage, making it impossible to maintain a stable constant power output.

[0007] In summary, existing electrocoagulation cutting equipment has technical bottlenecks in areas such as tissue state perception, smoke information utilization, eschar adhesion prevention, and composite energy anti-interference control. There is an urgent need for a new electrocoagulation cutting system that can break through the single electrical feedback thinking and achieve multi-physics field cross-coupling control. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide an electrocoagulation cutting system and method with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions. Specifically, this invention aims to address the technical challenges of traditional high-frequency electrosurgical units, such as delayed early warning of tissue thermal damage, excessive surgical smoke interfering with the field of vision and the ineffective utilization of the tissue state information contained therein, the tendency of heated tissue fluid to cause eschar adhesion on the electrode surface, and the inability to maintain stable high-frequency energy output due to periodic fluctuations in contact impedance caused by vibration when introducing mechanical micro-vibration anti-adhesion. This invention achieves an integrated intelligent surgical solution of sensing, calculation, control, and suction through multi-physics field cross-coupling control, thereby greatly improving surgical safety and continuity.

[0009] To address the above problems, this invention provides an electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions, comprising:

[0010] The intelligent surgical electrode assembly includes a surgical electrode and a piezoelectric micro-vibration unit for providing longitudinal micro-vibration to the surgical electrode, and a smoke-capturing structure at the front end for inhaling surgical smoke.

[0011] A sensor module is connected to the smoke capture structure to form an airway passage; the sensor module includes an aerosol particle size distribution sensor and an optical sensor. The aerosol particle size distribution sensor is used to monitor the concentration ratio of fine particulate matter representing tissue moisture and large particulate matter representing carbonized coke particles in the surgical smoke. The optical sensor is used to monitor the instantaneous light transmittance of the surgical smoke.

[0012] The system includes a control host energy platform, which is electrically connected to the intelligent surgical electrode assembly and the sensor module, respectively. The control host energy platform actively predicts the tissue carbonization trend based on the particle size ratio and transmittance data fed back by the sensor module in real time, and dynamically adjusts the high-frequency electrical waveform output to the surgical electrode according to the prediction result.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent surgical electrode assembly has four sets of Venturi smoke-collecting holes arranged in a ring at its front end as the smoke-capturing structure; its interior also includes an acoustic decoupling support, an electrode control board, and a high-precision thermistor; the high-precision thermistor is used to measure the rate of temperature increase of the airflow within the channel over time; the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit is a piezoelectric ceramic stack connected to the electrode control board. This preferred structure further enhances the stability of surgical operations and the accuracy of multi-dimensional sensing. The four sets of Venturi smoke-collecting holes achieve a negative pressure matrix for airflow without blind spots; combined with the acoustic decoupling support, it effectively blocks the transmission of high-frequency micro-vibrations of the piezoelectric ceramic to the outer shell, ensuring the stability and comfort of the surgeon's grip and avoiding hand fatigue. Through a specific laser scattering and through-beam photoelectric sensor integrated chamber design, combined with a high-precision thermistor, anti-interference closed measurement of optical, particle size, and thermodynamic parameters is achieved, greatly improving the objective accuracy of component fingerprint extraction.

[0014] Preferably, the aerosol particle size distribution sensor is a laser scattering sensor used to monitor the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10.0; the optical sensor is a through-beam photoelectric sensor; the sensor module is provided with an integrated sensor compartment on the outside, and the laser scattering sensor is built into the integrated sensor compartment.

[0015] Preferably, the control host energy platform has a built-in tissue carbonization identification model. The model calculates a charring factor K as a criterion for quantifying the degree of tissue thermal damage and switching energy output modes. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] ;

[0017] Among them, C PM10 C represents the mass concentration of large particulate matter in the smoke. PM2.5 Let be the mass concentration of fine particulate matter, and τ be the instantaneous transmittance. α represents the rate of increase in airflow temperature over time; α, β, and γ are preset weighting coefficients based on tissue type.

[0018] Preferably, the control criteria of the control host energy platform include: when K < Kset, it is determined to be a normal cutting state, and the control output is a continuous sine wave; when K ≥ Kset, it is determined to be a carbonization critical state, triggering an energy degradation command, switching the output waveform to pulse mode, and reducing the output duty cycle to D. new =D old·(1-η·K), where Kset is the preset threshold and η is the adjustment constant. The above-mentioned optimized algorithm for the charring factor K and energy degradation criteria achieves extremely flexible and refined energy management. Existing technologies often use a crude method of directly cutting off the power supply when faced with impedance alarms, which easily disrupts the surgical rhythm. However, the optimized formula for calculating the charring factor K in this system scientifically weights and integrates the large / fine particulate matter concentration ratio, transmittance, and temperature change rate, achieving precise quantification of carbonization risk. Based on this, the optimized duty cycle dynamic reduction formula allows the system to flexibly degrade energy according to the degree of carbonization risk, utilizing airflow to remove residual heat from the blade while maintaining a suitable tissue coagulation effect, avoiding abrupt interruptions to the resection procedure.

[0019] Preferably, the present invention also provides a control method for an electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions, comprising the following external feedback control steps:

[0020] Step S1, System Initialization and Resonance Point Locking: Upon startup, a sweep frequency signal is sent to the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit to lock the mechanical resonance frequency and drive the surgical electrode micro-vibration;

[0021] Step S2, Multidimensional Data Acquisition: During the cutting process, the surgical smoke is drawn out through the smoke capture structure, and the ratio of large particles to fine particles and light transmittance in the smoke are collected in real time.

[0022] Step S3, Tissue State Identification: Input the collected particulate matter ratio and transmittance into the carbonization identification model to calculate the carbonization risk parameters;

[0023] Step S4, Energy Waveform Switching: When the carbonization risk parameter is determined to reach the set threshold, the high-frequency electrical energy waveform of the surgical electrode is automatically switched from continuous wave to burst pulse mode, and the negative pressure suction flow rate is increased.

[0024] Preferably, an internal feedback synchronization compensation step S5 is also included to resolve impedance measurement interference caused by micro-vibration:

[0025] Step S5-1, High-speed sampling: The tissue impedance is sampled at a rate higher than the mechanical resonance frequency to obtain the original impedance signal;

[0026] Step S5-2, Phase Alignment: Identify the physical phase of the surgical electrode pressing against or detaching from the tissue during vibration;

[0027] Step S5-3, Impedance Restoration: Using the lock-in amplification principle, impedance noise with the same frequency as the mechanical resonance frequency is filtered out by a notch filter to extract the real tissue reference impedance;

[0028] Step S5-4, Dynamic Compensation: Based on the extracted real tissue reference impedance, the output voltage amplitude is calculated and corrected in real time to achieve constant power energy compensation.

[0029] Preferably, the impedance restoration extraction logic is as follows: gating sampling is performed only when the vibration displacement reaches its peak, i.e., at the instant the electrode presses against the tissue, and the true tissue reference impedance Z is obtained. real The extraction formula is:

[0030] ;

[0031] Where n is the number of samples involved in the calculation, Zraw(t) is the original instantaneous impedance signal, and tpeak_phase is the phase time point corresponding to the impedance signal reaching its peak value.

[0032] Preferably, in the dynamic compensation logic, in order to maintain the instantaneous average power P acting on the tissue... target Constant, output high-frequency voltage RMS value V out The formula for calculating (t) is:

[0033] ;

[0034] Wherein, ζ(K) is a dynamic correction coefficient based on the degree of tissue carbonization. The optimized model for impedance extraction and constant power compensation formulas provides a solid underlying mathematical foundation. The optimized impedance extraction formula rigorously defines the execution logic of peak phase gating sampling and multi-sample averaging from a mathematical perspective, effectively filtering out electrical noise and random errors in non-extreme states, resulting in a highly reliable final extracted reference impedance. Simultaneously, the optimized constant power compensation formula tightly couples the target power with the dynamic real impedance and introduces a correction coefficient based on the K value, ensuring that no arc surge or cutting drag occurs when cutting tissues with different impedance characteristics, such as when switching between muscle and fat, resulting in an extremely smooth clinical feel.

[0035] Preferably, the self-feedback electrocoagulation cutting system also includes an adhesion prevention mechanism: if an abnormal increase in the real tissue reference impedance extracted by the impedance reduction step is detected during the cutting process and exceeds a preset adhesion judgment threshold, the host immediately increases the amplitude of the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit, using mechanical shear force to prevent tissue adhesion. This preferred strategy of the above-mentioned sudden adhesion prevention mechanism constructs a dual safety net of physical and electrical linkage. Based on conventional high-frequency micro-vibration anti-adhesion, the preferred scheme innovatively introduces an instantaneous strong vibration linkage mechanism based on feedback from an abnormal increase in real impedance. When the system determines that the tissue has a strong physical adhesion tendency, and simple electrical energy adjustment is insufficient to prevent adhesion deterioration, the host immediately instructs the piezoelectric unit to instantly increase the mechanical amplitude, using sudden strong mechanical shear force to actively break up tissue fluid bridges and initial eschar. This mechanism enables the system to possess extremely strong physical self-rescue and escape capabilities when encountering extremely harsh working conditions.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0037] This invention overcomes the limitations of a single electrical closed-loop system, enabling advanced early warning of tissue thermal damage. It transforms traditional post-operative visual observation or impedance feedback into multi-dimensional component fingerprint feedforward monitoring. By constructing a unique charring factor K model, the system can detect abrupt changes in the ratio of large particulate matter to water in the smoke and a sharp drop in transmittance before visible irreversible carbonization occurs and before a significant increase in impedance parameters. This allows for a priori determination that the tissue has entered a critical carbonization state. Furthermore, the algorithm actively limits and reduces energy output, switching to a burst pulse mode, fundamentally avoiding deep neurovascular damage caused by thermal diffusion and greatly improving surgical safety.

[0038] This invention transforms exhaust gas into data signals, achieving a win-win situation of efficient smoke removal and information reuse. It adopts a front-end annularly distributed Venturi smoke extraction hole structure, realizing zero-distance efficient smoke capture. This not only instantly eliminates the problem of dense smoke obstructing vision, ensuring absolute clarity of the surgical field under endoscopy or direct vision, but also reduces the health risks to medical staff. More groundbreakingly, this invention is the first to guide the exhaust smoke to the sensor module, using it as the core feedback information source for controlling the energy output of the host. This completely breaks the status quo of the smoke extraction device and the energy platform existing in isolation, achieving a true deep integration of information and physical structure.

[0039] This invention utilizes physical-level micro-vibration intervention to significantly improve the pain point of electrode eschar adhesion. It innovatively integrates an acoustically decoupled piezoelectric micro-vibration unit within the intelligent surgical electrode assembly, directly providing continuous micron-level longitudinal mechanical vibration to the blade tip at the physical level. This high-frequency micro-displacement physically breaks the liquid bridge effect formed between tissue fluid and the electrode surface, effectively preventing the accumulation and adhesion of eschar, fundamentally eliminating the phenomenon of blade adhesion. This mechanism significantly reduces the number of interruptions caused by the need to clean the electrodes during surgery and eliminates the risk of secondary bleeding from tearing coagulated tissue during blade withdrawal, ensuring efficient and continuous surgery.

[0040] This invention pioneers a phase-locked loop (PLL) restoration compensation algorithm, overcoming the signal interference problem caused by the combined output of mechanical vibration and radio frequency energy. Addressing the electrical noise issue arising from high-frequency fluctuations in contact impedance due to mechanical anti-adhesion vibration, a robust vibration phase synchronization and impedance restoration algorithm is proposed. The system ingeniously utilizes the PLL amplification principle, performing gating sampling only at the moment the vibration displacement reaches its peak—the instant when the physical phase of the electrode is most tightly pressing against the tissue—and precisely eliminating noise components at the same frequency as the vibration using a notch filter. This allows the system to accurately extract the true and smooth tissue reference impedance even under extremely harsh conditions with superimposed high-frequency mechanical oscillations, thereby achieving millisecond-level dynamic constant power voltage compensation. This ensures that the electrosurgical unit provides stable and consistent tissue ablation and cutting effects under any complex interference. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the flow direction of gas inside the intelligent surgical electrode assembly.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly from another perspective.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor module.

[0047] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the power platform structure for controlling the main unit.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method for an electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] In the diagram: 1. Intelligent surgical electrode assembly; 1-1. Surgical electrode; 1-2. Acoustic decoupling support; 1-3. Piezoelectric ceramic stack; 1-4. Electrode control board; 1-5. High-precision thermistor; 2. Sensor module; 2-1. Through-beam photoelectric sensor; 2-2. Connecting trachea; 2-3. Laser scattering sensor; 3. Control host energy platform; 3-1. Gas buffer tank; 3-2. Control screen. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1: See Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions. This system integrates sensing, calculation, control, and suction, and mainly consists of three core parts: intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1, sensor module 2, and control host energy platform 3.

[0052] See Figures 2 to 5 The intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1 shown has four sets of Venturi smoke extraction holes arranged in a ring at its front end, serving as the smoke capture structure for the entire system. When smoke is generated during tissue cutting, relying on the Venturi effect and the negative pressure provided at the rear end, the surgical smoke can be rapidly and directly drawn into the internal annular suction chamber. (See reference for airflow direction.) Figure 3 As shown, a surgical electrode 1-1 is coaxially mounted inside the intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1. To address the issue of eschar adhesion to tissue at high temperatures, a physical micro-vibration intervention mechanism is also included internally. This mechanism comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack 1-3, electrically connected to the electrode control board 1-4. Under electrical drive, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 1-3 continuously provides micron-level longitudinal mechanical vibration to the tip of the surgical electrode 1-1, thereby breaking the liquid bridge effect formed by tissue fluid through physical shearing force and preventing eschar accumulation. Notably, to prevent high-frequency mechanical vibration from being transmitted to the surgeon's hand, causing fatigue or interfering with surgical operations, an acoustic decoupling support 1-2 is specially installed around the piezoelectric ceramic stack 1-3. The acoustic decoupling support 1-2 plays a crucial role in vibration damping and noise reduction, preventing vibration from being transmitted to the assembly shell. In addition, a high-precision thermistor 1-5 is installed within the internal airway channel, connected to the electrode control board 1-4, for real-time measurement of the rate of temperature increase of the airflow within the channel over time.

[0053] See Figure 6 The sensor module 2 shown is connected to the exhaust duct of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1, forming a closed airway. A through-beam photoelectric sensor 2-1 is mounted externally on the sensor module 2. This sensor 2-1 is aligned with the airway through a mounting hole and is used to monitor the instantaneous transmittance τ of the smoke passing through the airway in real time. The faster the transmittance decreases, the higher the smoke concentration. The sensor module 2 also contains an integrated sensor compartment, within which a laser scattering sensor 2-3 is installed. This laser scattering sensor can accurately monitor PM2.5 in the smoke, primarily representing moisture and aerosols evaporated from heated tissue, and PM10.0, primarily representing the quantity and mass concentration of coke particles produced by excessive carbonization of tissue. One end of the sensor module 2's air inlet is connected to the intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1 via a connecting pipe 2-2, while its outlet is connected to the control host energy platform 3 at the rear.

[0054] See Figure 7 The control host energy platform 3 shown has a gas buffer tank 3-1 externally, whose air inlet is connected to the integrated sensor compartment, and whose air outlet is equipped with an antibacterial and dustproof filter membrane. The control host energy platform 3 internally houses a negative pressure suction pump, which is connected to the filtered air outlet of the gas buffer tank, providing continuous negative pressure suction power for the entire airway. Furthermore, the control host energy platform 3 has a control screen 3-2, whose internal main control chip incorporates a tissue carbonization identification model and an energy phase compensation algorithm module. Through electrical connections with the electrode control board 1-4 of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1 and the sensor module 2, it achieves multi-dimensional data fusion calculation and high-frequency dynamic energy output.

[0055] Example 2: This example provides a control method and execution logic for the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions described above. This example focuses on explaining the operating mechanism of the system. (See reference...) Figure 8 As shown, it includes a dual-loop system comprising external feedback control (organizational state identification) and internal feedback control (impedance synchronization compensation). The specific process is as follows:

[0056] Phase 1: System Initialization and Resonance Point Locking. The moment the doctor presses the foot switch to initiate electrocoagulation cutting, the main unit first performs a system self-check. At this time, the negative pressure pump activates low-power silent mode, and sensor module 2 completes baseline air quality sampling. Subsequently, the control unit sends a rapid frequency sweep signal within the range of 30kHz to 60kHz to the piezoelectric ceramic stack 1-3. By monitoring the back electromotive force returned by the piezoelectric ceramic, the system automatically optimizes and locks in the optimal mechanical resonance frequency f of the current surgical electrode 1-1 tip. The main unit then drives the tip to vibrate at this frequency f, ensuring maximum anti-adhesion effect while minimizing system power consumption.

[0057] Phase Two: External Feedback Loop to Multidimensional Data Acquisition and Tissue State Identification. During the cutting process, the system senses the surgical environment in real time through the smoke channel. The smoke generated during the surgery is rapidly drawn into the annular suction chamber of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly 1 through the Venturi smoke extraction port; the laser scattering sensor measures the concentrations of PM2.5 (tissue moisture) and PM10 (carbonized coke particles) in real time. PM2.5 and C PM10 The photoelectric sensor 2-1 detects the rate of decrease in transmittance τ; the high-precision thermistor 1-5 monitors the rate of increase in airflow temperature over time within the suction channel. .

[0058] The collected multidimensional parameters are fed in real time into the tissue carbonization identification model built into the control host energy platform 3. The model calculates a dimensionless charring factor K to quantify the risk of tissue thermal damage. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] α, β, and γ are preset weighting coefficients based on tissue type. If a sudden increase in PM10 content and a sharp drop in transmittance are detected, it is determined that K ≥ Kset, and the system judges that the tissue has entered the overheating critical zone.

[0061] The third stage: Internal feedback loop to phase synchronization compensation and power adaptation. As is known to those skilled in the art, when piezoelectric micro-vibration is applied to the surgical electrode, it inevitably causes high-frequency changes in the contact pressure between the electrode and the tissue, resulting in periodic fluctuation noise in the contact resistance at the same frequency as the vibration f. While outputting high-frequency electrical energy, the contact resistance Z between the electrode and the tissue exhibits periodic fluctuations at frequency f due to piezoelectric vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to extract the true impedance through an internal loop to address the electrical interference caused by the vibration: In the objective physical model, the instantaneous sampling impedance Z is calculated. raw (t):

[0062] ;

[0063] The original impedance signal consists of three parts: the true impedance, a sinusoidal fluctuation interference term, and a random error term. The true impedance is the reference effective value of the impedance, the sinusoidal term represents the periodic interference signal, and the random error term is irregular random noise. This formula can be used to model the original impedance signal, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent extraction of the true impedance and interference elimination. real The target extracted value is the actual tissue reference impedance after eliminating mechanical vibration interference. A·sin(2πf·t+φ) is the periodic impedance noise caused by the contact pressure change due to piezoelectric micro-vibration, where A is the amplitude, φ is the phase, and ε is the system random electrical noise.

[0064] To maintain constant power output amidst the aforementioned complex noise interference, this system executes the following synchronous compensation mechanism in parallel while outputting high-frequency electrical energy, in order to extract the target value Z. real The system performs the following steps: High-speed sampling: The host samplees tissue impedance at a rate several times higher than the vibration frequency. Phase alignment: Feedback from sensors on the electrode control board accurately identifies whether the surgical electrode 1-1 is in the physical phase of pressing against or detaching from the tissue. Impedance restoration: Using a notch filter combined with lock-in amplification, an impedance restoration extraction algorithm is executed. To eliminate sinusoidal fluctuation interference in the above physical model, the logic of the main control chip is set to only perform the sampling at the instant when the vibration displacement reaches the peak (i.e., the phase when the electrode presses against the tissue 2πf·t+φ= The noise component at frequency f is filtered out by a notch filter during gating sampling. The restoration algorithm formula is as follows:

[0065] ;

[0066] Among them, Z real The final calculated true impedance value is the effective impedance data after removing interference. n is the number of samples used in the calculation. Sample[Z] raw [t)]∣t∈peak_phase: represents the acquisition of the original impedance signal Z. raw (t) is the value at the peak phase, where tpeak_phase is the phase time point corresponding to the impedance signal reaching its peak.

[0067] The formula obtains the original impedance signal Z. raw (t) The value at the peak phase time tpeak_phase is averaged over n samples at that time to obtain a more stable and accurate true impedance value, effectively reducing errors caused by signal fluctuations. By removing noise components with the same frequency f, the true and smooth tissue reference impedance Z is extracted. real By collecting and averaging data from multiple wave peaks, the interference artifacts caused by mechanical vibration were completely eliminated.

[0068] To maintain the instantaneous average power P acting on the tissue as set by the physician target To ensure a constant cutting force and smooth operation, the system needs to be based on the restored true impedance Z. real Real-time output voltage correction. The goal is to maintain a constant instantaneous average power acting on the tissue. In dynamic output logic, the constant power energy compensation calculation formula is as follows:

[0069] ;

[0070] Among them, V out (t) represents the effective value of the high-frequency voltage output by the host, Ptarget Z is the preset cutting power for doctors. real (t) represents the dynamic tissue impedance after reduction by the above model, and ζ(K) is the dynamic correction coefficient based on the aforementioned charring factor.

[0071] The instantaneous value of the output voltage is equal to the target power P. target With real-time true impedance Z real The square root of the product of (t) is then multiplied by the coefficient ζ(K). By combining the preset target power, the real-time changing impedance, and the correction coefficient, it accurately calculates the dynamic output voltage, enabling voltage regulation under power-impedance matching. This formula aims to ensure that the energy density applied to the tissue remains within a preset safe threshold when tissue impedance changes abruptly by changing the effective voltage value or pulse duty cycle in real time. This ensures that even when the blade cuts through tissues with different impedance characteristics, such as fat and muscle, the instantaneous energy remains constant and smooth.

[0072] Phase Four: Intelligent Control Execution. Based on the calculation results of the external smoke environment feedback in Phase Two and the internal physical parameter feedback in Phase Three, the control host executes the following control scheme in real time: Scheme A: Normal Cutting: When the K value is judged to be normal, K < Kset, it indicates that carbonization has not occurred, and the host outputs a continuous sine wave to maintain efficient cutting. Simultaneously, based on the restored true impedance Z... real Real-time dynamic compensation of output voltage amplitude ensures that the instantaneous energy applied to the tissue remains constant, maintaining the target average power P. target Output voltage RMS value V out (t), ensuring stable energy when cutting different tissues such as fat and muscle. Solution B: Overheat warning energy waveform switching: When the K value exceeds the limit (K≥Kset), it indicates a sudden increase in the proportion of large coke particles in the smoke and a sharp drop in light transmittance, meaning the tissue has entered the overheating critical zone. At this time, the main unit immediately switches the electrical waveform from continuous wave to burst pulse mode, determines it to be in a carbonization critical state, triggers an energy degradation command, and lowers the output duty cycle to D. new =D old•(1-η·K), where Kset is the preset threshold and η is the adjustment constant, thereby reducing the total heat input per unit time; at the same time, the suction flow of the negative pressure pump is increased, and the excess heat of the blade is removed by the enhanced high-speed airflow, completing the automatic degradation switching of energy form before damage occurs, thereby completing energy limitation protection before irreversible tissue carbonization occurs. Solution C Adhesion Prevention: During system operation, if an abnormal and rapid increase in Zreal extracted in the third stage is detected, indicating a suspected serious adhesion trend, the host sends an instantaneous pressurization command to the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 1-3, instantly increasing the micro-vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric ceramics, and using the generated strong mechanical shear force to actively break up and peel off the already formed initial tissue fluid bridges and eschar, completing physical self-rescue. The strong mechanical shear force generated shakes the adhesions away. This workflow completely changes the lag of the passive response of traditional electrosurgical units, truly realizing multi-dimensional fusion judgment and integrated control of anti-adhesion resection.

[0073] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0075] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention described herein.

Claims

1. An electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions, characterized in that, include: The intelligent surgical electrode assembly (1) is provided with a surgical electrode (1-1) and a piezoelectric micro-vibration unit for providing longitudinal micro-vibration for the surgical electrode, and a smoke capture structure for inhaling surgical smoke is provided at the front end. The sensor module (2) is connected to the smoke capture structure to form an airway passage; the sensor module (2) includes an aerosol particle size distribution sensor and an optical sensor. The aerosol particle size distribution sensor is used to monitor the concentration ratio of fine particulate matter representing tissue moisture and large particulate matter representing carbonized coke particles in the surgical smoke. The optical sensor is used to monitor the instantaneous light transmittance of the surgical smoke. The control host energy platform (3) is electrically connected to the intelligent surgical electrode assembly (1) and the sensor module (2) respectively. The control host energy platform (3) actively predicts the tissue carbonization trend based on the particle size ratio and transmittance data fed back by the sensor module (2) in real time, and dynamically adjusts the high-frequency electrical waveform output to the surgical electrode (1-1) according to the prediction result.

2. The electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the intelligent surgical electrode assembly (1) has four sets of Venturi smoke holes arranged in a ring as the smoke capture structure; It also includes an acoustic decoupling support (1-2), an electrode control board (1-4), and a high-precision thermistor (1-5); the high-precision thermistor (1-5) is used to measure the rate of change of airflow temperature in the channel over time; the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit is a piezoelectric ceramic stack (1-3) connected to the electrode control board (1-4).

3. The electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerosol particle size distribution sensor is a laser scattering sensor (2-3) used to monitor the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10.0; the optical sensor is a through-beam photoelectric sensor (2-1); the sensor module (2) is provided with an integrated sensor compartment on the outside, and the laser scattering sensor (2-3) is built into the integrated sensor compartment.

4. The electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control host energy platform (3) has a built-in tissue carbonization identification model. The model calculates the charring factor K as a criterion for quantifying the degree of tissue thermal damage and switching energy output modes. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Among them, C PM10 C represents the mass concentration of large particulate matter in the smoke. PM2.5 Let be the mass concentration of fine particulate matter, and τ be the instantaneous transmittance. α represents the rate of increase in airflow temperature over time; α, β, and γ are preset weighting coefficients based on tissue type.

5. The electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control criteria of the control host energy platform (3) include: when K < Kset, it is determined to be a normal cutting state, and the control output is a continuous sine wave; when K ≥ Kset, it is determined to be a carbonization critical state, triggering an energy degradation command, switching the output waveform to pulse mode, and reducing the output duty cycle to D. new = D old ·(1-η·K), where Kset is the preset threshold and η is the adjustment constant.

6. A control method for an electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, This includes the following external feedback control steps: Step S1, System Initialization and Resonance Point Locking: At startup, a sweep frequency signal is sent to the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit to lock the mechanical resonance frequency and drive the surgical electrode (1-1) to vibrate. Step S2, Multidimensional Data Acquisition: During the cutting process, the surgical smoke is drawn out through the smoke capture structure, and the ratio of large particles to fine particles and light transmittance in the smoke are collected in real time. Step S3, Tissue State Identification: Input the collected particulate matter ratio and transmittance into the carbonization identification model to calculate the carbonization risk parameters; Step S4, Energy Waveform Switching: When the carbonization risk parameter is determined to reach the set threshold, the high-frequency electrical waveform of the surgical electrode (1-1) is automatically switched from continuous wave to burst pulse mode, and the negative pressure suction flow rate is increased.

7. The control method for the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes an internal feedback synchronization compensation step S5 for resolving impedance measurement interference caused by micro-vibrations: Step S5-1, High-speed sampling: The tissue impedance is sampled at a rate higher than the mechanical resonance frequency to obtain the original impedance signal; Step S5-2, Phase Alignment: Identify the physical phase of the surgical electrode (1-1) pressing against or detaching from the tissue during vibration; Step S5-3, Impedance Restoration: Using the lock-in amplification principle, impedance noise with the same frequency as the mechanical resonance frequency is filtered out by a notch filter to extract the real tissue reference impedance; Step S5-4, Dynamic Compensation: Based on the extracted real tissue reference impedance, the output voltage amplitude is calculated and corrected in real time to achieve constant power energy compensation.

8. The control method for the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The impedance restoration extraction logic is as follows: gating sampling is performed only at the moment when the vibration displacement reaches the peak, i.e., the instant when the electrode presses against the tissue, and the true tissue reference impedance Z is obtained. real The extraction formula is: ; Where n is the number of samples involved in the calculation, Zraw(t) is the original instantaneous impedance signal, and t peak_phase is the phase time point corresponding to the impedance signal reaching its peak value.

9. The control method for the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the dynamic compensation logic, in order to maintain the instantaneous average power P acting on the tissue target Constant, output high-frequency voltage RMS value V out The formula for calculating (t) is: ； Where ζ(K) is a dynamic correction coefficient based on the degree of tissue carbonization.

10. The control method for the electrocoagulation cutting system with tissue identification and anti-adhesion functions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The self-feedback electrocoagulation cutting system also includes an adhesion prevention mechanism: if an abnormal increase in the real tissue reference impedance extracted by the impedance reduction step is detected during the cutting process and exceeds the preset adhesion judgment threshold, the control host immediately increases the amplitude of the piezoelectric micro-vibration unit and uses mechanical shearing force to achieve tissue adhesion prevention.

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