Carbon reduction and oxygen supplement system and method for cement plant in high altitude area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of low-carbon cement production, and discloses a carbon-reducing oxygen-supplementing system and method for a cement plant in a high-altitude area, which comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit, a cement calcination unit and a tail gas treatment unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit comprises photovoltaic components and an energy storage module. The hydrogen and oxygen storage unit comprises an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank. The cement calcination unit comprises a kiln head burner, a decomposing furnace and a preheater which are connected in series. A first oxygen supply pipeline is connected between the kiln head burner and the oxygen storage tank. A second oxygen supply pipeline is connected between the decomposing furnace and the oxygen storage tank. A first hydrogen supply pipeline is also connected between the kiln head burner and the hydrogen storage tank. The tail gas treatment unit comprises a reaction tower. A second hydrogen supply pipeline is connected between the reaction tower and the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen combustion-supporting carbon emission reduction, and the oxygen delivery into the kiln head burner and the decomposing furnace can increase the internal oxygen content and improve the combustion efficiency of the cement calcination unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon cement production technology, and in particular to a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system and method for cement plants in high-altitude areas. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude areas above 3000 meters, the oxygen partial pressure is only 60%-70% of that in plains areas, resulting in incomplete combustion, low thermal efficiency, and high energy consumption during cement production and calcination. Furthermore, in low-oxygen environments, uneven temperature distribution occurs in the combustion zones of rotary kilns and decomposition furnaces, leading to poor clinker granulation and mineral phase stability. Simultaneously, the flue gas emitted after cement calcination contains high levels of CO and NO. x High carbon concentrations pose significant environmental challenges. To reduce carbon emissions and improve the energy efficiency of cement plants, people are exploring low-carbon or zero-carbon production methods, such as photovoltaic power generation-driven electrolysis for hydrogen production, hydrogen combustion to replace coal, and CO2 synthesis for fuel.

[0003] Chinese patent CN120040098A discloses a system and method for producing low-carbon cement using photovoltaic power generation to produce hydrogen. The system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system, a raw material grinding system, a rotary kiln calcination system, a cement grinding system, and a carbon resource utilization device. The photovoltaic system provides clean power to the electrolysis device, which uses a solid oxide electrolysis cell to efficiently produce hydrogen at high temperatures. The hydrogen is injected into the rotary kiln via multi-point injection and an oxygen-assisted combustion structure as the sole fuel, achieving zero carbon emissions during the cement calcination process. Carbon dioxide in the system's exhaust gas is purified and then combined with hydrogen to synthesize methanol, constructing a closed-loop energy-carbon cycle. Through multi-stage waste heat recovery and an intelligent control system, the system achieves coordinated optimization of photovoltaic output, electrolysis load, calcination heat intensity, and carbon conversion efficiency.

[0004] The aforementioned low-carbon cement system generates hydrogen through photovoltaic power generation and uses hydrogen injection to aid combustion, thereby reducing carbon emissions during the cement calcination process. However, the system suffers from low oxygen utilization, low air pressure and insufficient oxygen at high altitudes, resulting in inadequate combustion under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the system fails to address the thermal balance issue of the hydrogen generation system in low-temperature environments, and the various units lack a coupling design specifically for high-altitude environments. Consequently, it cannot meet the combustion efficiency requirements at high altitudes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas, so as to solve the problem that existing cement systems cannot meet the combustion efficiency requirements of high-altitude areas; this invention also provides a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation method for cement plants in high-altitude areas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas, comprising a photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit, a cement calcination unit, a tail gas treatment unit, and a control unit, wherein the photovoltaic power generation unit, the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit, the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit, the cement calcination unit, and the tail gas treatment unit are respectively signal-connected to the control unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic module and an energy storage module electrically connected to the photovoltaic module. The energy storage module is electrically connected to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit and is used to supply power to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit. The hydrogen-oxygen storage unit includes an oxygen storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank, and the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are respectively connected to the electrolytic hydrogen-oxygen production unit; The cement calcination unit includes a kiln head burner, a decomposition furnace, and a preheater connected in series. A first oxygen supply pipeline connects the kiln head burner to the oxygen storage tank, and a second oxygen supply pipeline connects the decomposition furnace to the oxygen storage tank. The oxygen storage tank can supply oxygen to the kiln head burner and the decomposition furnace respectively. A first hydrogen supply pipeline also connects the kiln head burner to the hydrogen storage tank. The decomposition furnace is connected to the preheater. The exhaust gas treatment unit is connected to the preheater. The exhaust gas treatment unit includes a dust removal device, a desulfurization and denitrification device, a carbon dioxide separation device, and a reaction tower connected to each other. A second hydrogen supply pipeline connects the reaction tower to the hydrogen storage tank.

[0007] Optionally, the oxygen storage tank is connected to an oxygen supply main pipe, and the first oxygen supply pipeline and the second oxygen supply pipeline are both connected to the oxygen supply main pipe. The oxygen supply main pipe is equipped with a first pressure gauge and a first pressure reducing valve. The first oxygen supply pipeline and the second oxygen supply pipeline are each equipped with a blower. The first pressure gauge, the first pressure reducing valve, and the blower are respectively electrically connected to the control unit.

[0008] Optionally, the first hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to a hydrogen supply main pipe, which is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline and the second hydrogen supply pipeline respectively. The hydrogen supply main pipe is equipped with a second pressure gauge and a second pressure reducing valve, which are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.

[0009] Optionally, the cement calcination unit further includes a pulverized coal supply device, a rotary kiln, a kiln tail, and a grate cooler. The pulverized coal supply device is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline, the rotary kiln is connected to the kiln head burner, a first circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln, the kiln tail, and the decomposition furnace, and a second circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln, the grate cooler, and the decomposition furnace.

[0010] Optionally, the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system further includes a fuel cell unit, which includes a battery body and an inverter power distribution device. The battery body is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, and the inverter power distribution device is electrically connected between the battery body and the energy storage module.

[0011] Optionally, the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system further includes a heat recovery unit, which includes a heat storage tank, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is connected between the heat storage tank and the photovoltaic module, and between the heat storage tank and the battery body, respectively. The second heat exchanger is connected between the heat storage tank and the preheater. The heat recovery unit is also used to cope with the diurnal temperature difference in high-altitude areas. During the daytime, the heat storage tank stores the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic modules and the battery body; at night or during low-temperature periods, the heat storage tank releases heat to maintain the operating temperature of the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit and the fuel cell unit.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants at high altitudes, employing the carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system described in any of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps: S1. After generating electricity, the photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power generation unit transmit the electrical energy to the energy storage module for storage. The energy storage module supplies power to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit. S2. The electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water and then transfers the hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit. The hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank. S3. The oxygen storage tank supplies oxygen to the kiln head burner and the decomposition furnace through the first oxygen supply pipeline and the second oxygen supply pipeline, respectively. The hydrogen storage tank supplies hydrogen to the kiln head burner and the battery body of the fuel cell unit through the first hydrogen supply pipeline and the second hydrogen supply pipeline, respectively. S4, the cement calcination unit performs cement calcination operations, and the generated exhaust gas is sequentially transmitted to the dust removal device, desulfurization and denitrification device, carbon dioxide separation device and reaction tower.

[0013] Optionally, in step S3, the control unit performs dynamic pressure compensation control based on the high altitude and low air pressure conditions. The control unit acquires the current ambient air pressure signal in real time and dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply flow rate and pressure of the first oxygen supply pipeline and the second oxygen supply pipeline according to the difference between the target oxygen partial pressure and the actual oxygen partial pressure, so as to maintain the oxygen partial pressure in the kiln head burner and the decomposition furnace within the preset range.

[0014] Optionally, in steps S3 and S4, the control unit controls the system to switch between multiple operating modes based on the operating condition signals of the cement calcination unit. The operating modes include: preheating mode, in which oxygen is preferentially supplied to the decomposition furnace and hydrogen is supplied to the kiln head burner at a minimum flow rate during the system startup or heating stage; ignition mode, in which hydrogen is preferentially supplied to the kiln head burner during the kiln head burner ignition stage, utilizing the fast combustion speed of hydrogen to quickly establish a stable flame; steady-state mode, in which pulverized coal and hydrogen are mixed and burned in a preset ratio during the stable operation stage of the cement calcination unit, and oxygen is distributed to the kiln head burner and decomposition furnace as needed; and oxygen-enriched mode, in which the control unit increases the oxygen supply flow rate when the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas exceeds a preset threshold.

[0015] Optionally, in step S3, the pressures of the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are monitored in real time by pressure sensors. The control unit executes a multi-branch coordinated scheduling strategy based on the tank pressure: when the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is higher than a preset upper limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes starting the fuel cell unit to generate electricity and release hydrogen; when the pressure of the oxygen storage tank is higher than a preset upper limit threshold, the control unit increases the oxygen supply of the first oxygen supply pipeline and the second oxygen supply pipeline.

[0016] This invention discloses a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system and method for cement plants in high-altitude areas. Compared with existing technologies, its advantages are as follows: A photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit, and a tail gas treatment unit are simultaneously installed in the cement plant in high-altitude areas. The photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power generation unit can generate electricity using solar energy and store the electrical energy in an energy storage module. The electrical energy from the energy storage module can supply the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen are stored in hydrogen storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks, respectively, and are transmitted to the kiln head burner and decomposition furnace of the cement calcination unit through a first hydrogen supply pipeline, a first oxygen supply pipeline, and a second oxygen supply pipeline, respectively. The control unit can control and adjust the supply of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be burned together with pulverized coal in the kiln head burner, using hydrogen to assist combustion and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, the oxygen supplied to the kiln head burner and decomposition furnace increases the internal oxygen content, improves fuel combustion completeness, improves the combustion efficiency of the cement calcination unit, and reduces carbon emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram, 1. Photovoltaic power generation unit; 11. Photovoltaic module; 12. Current conversion device; 13. Energy storage module; 14. Inverter power distribution device; 2. Electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit; 21. Electrolyzer; 22. Gas-liquid separation and dealkalization device; 23. Circulating pump; 24. Condensation and drying device; 25. Compressor; 26. Check valve; 27. Safety valve; 28. Pressure sensor; 3. Hydrogen and oxygen storage unit; 31. Oxygen storage tank; 32. Hydrogen storage tank; 33. First oxygen supply pipeline; 34. Second oxygen supply pipeline; 35. First hydrogen supply pipeline; 36. Second hydrogen supply pipeline; 37. Oxygen supply main pipe; 371. First pressure gauge; 372. First pressure reducing valve. 38. Hydrogen supply main pipe; 381. Second pressure gauge; 382. Second pressure reducing valve; 39. Fan; 391. Venturi mixer; 4. Cement calcination unit; 41. Kiln head burner; 42. Decomposition furnace; 43. Preheater; 44. Pulverized coal supply device; 45. Rotary kiln; 46. Kiln tail; 47. Grate cooler; 5. Tail gas treatment unit; 51. Dust removal device; 52. Desulfurization and denitrification device; 53. Carbon dioxide separation device; 54. Reaction tower; 55. Buffer tank; 6. Fuel cell unit; 61. Battery body; 62. Inverter power distribution device; 7. Heat recovery unit; 71. Contact tank; 72. First heat exchanger; 73. Second heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas includes a photovoltaic power generation unit 1, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3, a cement calcination unit 4, a tail gas treatment unit 5, and a control unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit 1, the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2, the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3, the cement calcination unit 4, and the tail gas treatment unit 5 are all connected to the control unit via signal connections. Specifically, the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 generates electricity using solar energy; the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water; the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3 stores hydrogen and oxygen; the cement calcination unit 4 produces cement by calcination; the tail gas treatment unit 5 treats the tail gas generated during cement calcination; and the control unit performs unified scheduling, intelligent optimization, and safety interlock management of the entire operation, achieving dynamic balance and multi-source coordination of the entire system's energy flow. In this embodiment, the control unit is an Energy Management and Safety Control Module (EMS), which centrally monitors and interlocks the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2, the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3, the cement calcination unit 4, and the tail gas treatment unit 5.

[0021] The photovoltaic power generation unit 1 constitutes the core module for the system's electrical and thermal energy supply, and also functions as an energy producer, voltage stabilizer, peak shaving, and thermal coupling unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit 1 includes a photovoltaic module 11, a current conversion device 12, an energy storage module 13, and an inverter power distribution device 14. The current conversion device 12 is electrically connected between the photovoltaic module 11 and the energy storage module 13, and the energy storage module 13 is electrically connected to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 through the inverter power distribution device 14.

[0022] The photovoltaic module 11 generates direct current (DC) using solar energy. This DC power first flows into the energy storage module 13 via the current conversion device 12. The energy from the energy storage module 13 is then transmitted to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 via the inverter distribution device 14, supplying power to the unit. The control unit is electrically connected to the energy storage module 13 to manage the flow of electrical energy. The management strategy allocates energy according to the principle of "electrolysis priority, load secondary supply." The energy storage module 13 prioritizes supplying power to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the electrolysis process. After meeting the power requirements of the electrolyzer 21, the energy storage module 13 then supplies power to pumps, fans, and other components. The energy storage module 13 also performs dynamic stabilization and time-domain peak-shaving functions for the DC bus voltage, current, and power, achieving continuous utilization and energy balance of photovoltaic power generation.

[0023] The electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 includes an electrolytic cell 21 and hydrogen and oxygen processing components connected to the electrolytic cell 21, respectively. The electrolytic cell 21 is electrically connected to an energy storage unit, which directly supplies electrical energy for electrolysis to the electrolytic cell 21. The hydrogen and oxygen processing components are connected in parallel. Both the hydrogen and oxygen processing components include a gas-liquid separation and dealkali removal device 22, a circulating pump 23, a condenser and dryer 24, a compressor 25, a check valve 26, a safety valve 27, and a pressure sensor 28 connected in sequence.

[0024] During the electrolysis process, the electrolytic cell 21 uses alkaline solution as the electrolytic medium. The electrolytic cell 21 converts DC power into high-concentration hydrogen and oxygen, which are then released at the cathode and anode, respectively. The released gas first enters the gas-liquid separation and dealkali removal device 22 to remove the entrained solution, and then passes through the condensation and drying device 24 for condensation and removal of water vapor. The dried gas is then pressurized to the required pressure range by the compressor 25. The gas then enters the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3 through the check valve 26 and the safety valve 27 for subsequent combustion, power generation and chemical synthesis. The circulation pump 23 provides power for the gas flow, and the pressure sensor 28 detects whether the gas pressure has been increased to the required pressure range.

[0025] The hydrogen-oxygen storage unit 3 includes an oxygen storage tank 31 and a hydrogen storage tank 32. The oxygen storage tank 31 and the hydrogen storage tank 32 are respectively connected to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2. The oxygen storage tank 31 is connected to the oxygen processing component to store oxygen, and the hydrogen storage tank 32 is connected to the hydrogen processing component to store hydrogen. It can provide hydrogen and oxygen for the subsequent cement calcination unit 4, and distribute hydrogen and oxygen for storage, distribution, pressure regulation and safety control. It is a key module for realizing oxygen supplementation and energy saving and carbon reduction in high-altitude combustion.

[0026] The cement calcination unit 4 includes a kiln head burner 41, a decomposition furnace 42, and a preheater 43 connected in series. A first oxygen supply pipeline 33 connects the kiln head burner 41 to the oxygen storage tank 31, and a second oxygen supply pipeline 34 connects the decomposition furnace 42 to the oxygen storage tank 31. The oxygen storage tank 31 can supply oxygen to both the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42. A first hydrogen supply pipeline 35 also connects the kiln head burner 41 to the hydrogen storage tank 32. The decomposition furnace 42 is connected to the preheater 43. The first hydrogen supply pipeline 35 is a priority channel for hydrogen, and hydrogen is fed into the kiln head burner 41 for combustion along with pulverized coal fuel or coal gas.

[0027] The cement calcination unit 4 adds oxygen supply ports at both the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition kiln, which are connected to the first oxygen supply line 33 and the second oxygen supply line 34, respectively. This increases the oxygen content in the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition kiln, effectively improving combustion conditions, flame stability, and kiln thermal efficiency in high-altitude, low-oxygen environments, thereby ensuring clinker quality and system operational safety. In this embodiment, a Venturi mixer 391 is installed on the first oxygen supply line 33 and / or the second oxygen supply line 34 to enhance the uniformity of oxygen-fuel mixing using negative pressure.

[0028] The exhaust gas treatment unit 5 is connected to the preheater 43. The exhaust gas treatment unit 5 includes a dust removal device 51, a desulfurization and denitrification device 52, a carbon dioxide separation device 53, and a reaction tower 54, all connected to each other. A second hydrogen supply pipeline 36 connects the reaction tower 54 to the hydrogen storage tank 32. The exhaust gas treatment unit 5 is used to purify pollutants and utilize carbon resources in the flue gas emitted during the cement production process. The second hydrogen supply pipeline 36 is used in the reaction tower 54 to prepare methanol or a synthesizer, which can reduce carbon emissions. In this embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment unit 5 also includes a buffer tank 55, which is connected between the carbon dioxide separation device 53 and the reaction tower 54 to store and buffer carbon dioxide, ensuring the carbon dioxide flow rate and intake ratio.

[0029] The exhaust gas from cement calcination unit 4 undergoes heat exchange in preheater 43, and then passes sequentially through dust removal device 51 and desulfurization and denitrification device, where particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides are effectively removed. After passing through carbon dioxide separation device 53, carbon dioxide is enriched. In the carbon resource utilization stage, the enriched CO2 is mixed with hydrogen from hydrogen storage tank 32 in a set ratio and then enters reaction tower 54. Under suitable temperature and pressure conditions, valuable organic chemicals such as methanol synthesis or syngas are produced, thereby achieving closed-loop resource utilization of carbon.

[0030] This carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas simultaneously incorporates a photovoltaic power generation unit 1, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3, and a tail gas treatment unit 5. The photovoltaic modules 11 of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 generate electricity using solar energy and store it in an energy storage module 13. The energy from the energy storage module 13 supplies the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen are stored in a hydrogen storage tank 32 and an oxygen storage tank 31, respectively, and are then processed through... The first hydrogen supply pipeline 35, the first oxygen supply pipeline 33, and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 transmit the hydrogen to the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42 of the cement calcination unit 4. The control unit can control and adjust the supply of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be burned together with pulverized coal in the kiln head burner 41. Hydrogen is used to assist combustion and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, after oxygen is supplied to the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42, the internal oxygen content can be increased, the fuel combustion can be improved, the combustion efficiency of the cement calcination unit 4 can be improved, and carbon emissions can be reduced.

[0031] In this embodiment, the control unit performs dynamic pressure compensation control based on high-altitude, low-pressure conditions. It acquires the current ambient air pressure signal in real time and dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply flow rate and pressure of the first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 according to the difference between the target oxygen partial pressure and the actual oxygen partial pressure. In plateau areas above 3000 meters in altitude, atmospheric pressure is only 60%-70% of that in plains areas, resulting in a corresponding decrease in oxygen partial pressure. The control unit acquires the current ambient air pressure signal in real time and dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply flow rate and pressure of the first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 according to the difference between the target oxygen partial pressure and the actual oxygen partial pressure to maintain the oxygen partial pressure within the kiln burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42 within a preset range. When the external air pressure decreases, leading to insufficient gas supply pressure, the control unit automatically adjusts the opening of the pressure reducing valve for pressure compensation, ensuring sufficient oxygen supply during combustion.

[0032] In this embodiment, the control unit controls the system to switch between multiple operating modes based on the operating condition signals of the cement calcination unit 4, specifically including preheating mode, ignition mode, steady-state mode, and oxygen-enriched mode, wherein: Preheating mode: During the system startup or heating phase, oxygen is preferentially supplied to the decomposition furnace 42 to promote the pre-decomposition of raw materials, while hydrogen is supplied to the kiln head burner 41 at a minimum flow rate. Gradual flow control is adopted to avoid thermal stress damage caused by excessively rapid heating.

[0033] Ignition mode: During the ignition stage of the kiln head burner 41, hydrogen is preferentially supplied to the kiln head burner 41. Taking advantage of the characteristics of hydrogen's fast combustion speed and good flame stability, a stable high-temperature flame core is quickly established to prevent the coal powder combustion flame from drifting or going out under high altitude and low pressure conditions.

[0034] Steady-state mode: During the stable operation of cement calcination unit 4, pulverized coal and hydrogen are mixed and burned in a preset ratio, and oxygen is distributed to the kiln head burner 41 and decomposition furnace 42 as needed. The control unit fine-tunes the oxygen and hydrogen supply by comprehensively considering the flame temperature distribution, kiln skin temperature and tail gas composition to achieve dynamic oxygen enrichment and efficient combustion.

[0035] Oxygen-enriched mode: When the exhaust gas monitoring device detects that the carbon monoxide content exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that the combustion is incomplete. The control unit automatically increases the oxygen supply flow rate, increases the oxygen concentration in the kiln, improves the completeness of combustion, and reduces the energy loss and pollutant emissions caused by incomplete combustion.

[0036] In this embodiment, the control unit implements a multi-branch coordinated scheduling strategy for oxygen and hydrogen. The pressures of oxygen storage tank 31 and hydrogen storage tank 32 are monitored in real time by pressure sensors, and the control unit executes the following scheduling strategy based on the tank pressures: Regarding oxygen distribution, oxygen is preferentially supplied to the decomposition furnace 42, and secondarily to the kiln head burner 41. As a key piece of equipment for raw material pre-decomposition, the decomposition furnace 42 has a large demand for oxygen and requires high stability; therefore, its oxygen supply is prioritized. When the pressure in the oxygen storage tank 31 exceeds the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit increases the oxygen supply of the first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 to prevent overpressure in the storage tank.

[0037] In terms of hydrogen distribution, a three-tier priority scheduling system is implemented: the first priority is the kiln burner 41, ensuring the quality of cement calcination and flame stability; the second priority is the fuel cell unit 6, which is activated to generate electricity and supplement power when the state of charge of the energy storage module 13 is below a preset threshold; the third priority is the reaction tower 54, which supplies hydrogen for methanol synthesis when the carbon dioxide concentration meets the requirements and hydrogen is abundant. When the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 32 exceeds the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes activating the fuel cell unit 6 to generate electricity and release hydrogen, thus avoiding overpressure in the storage tank and supplementing the system's power.

[0038] In this embodiment, a Venturi mixer 391 is installed on the first oxygen supply pipeline 33. The Venturi mixer 391 utilizes the negative pressure effect generated when gas flows through the contraction-expansion section to fully premix oxygen with fuel (pulverized coal or hydrogen). In high-altitude, low-pressure environments, conventional mechanical mixing methods are less efficient, while the Venturi mixer 391 operates based on fluid dynamics principles, has low sensitivity to ambient pressure, and can maintain good mixing performance under low-pressure conditions, enhancing the uniformity of oxygen-fuel mixing and improving combustion efficiency.

[0039] Optionally, the oxygen storage tank 31 is connected to an oxygen supply main pipe 37. The first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 are both connected to the oxygen supply main pipe 37. The oxygen supply main pipe 37 is equipped with a first pressure gauge 371 and a first pressure reducing valve 372. The first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 are respectively equipped with a blower 39. The first pressure gauge 371, the first pressure reducing valve 372 and the blower 39 are electrically connected to the control unit.

[0040] The first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34 are connected to the oxygen supply main pipeline 37 through a three-way valve. The first pressure gauge 371 and the second pressure gauge 381 monitor the oxygen pressure in real time and transmit the pressure information to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the working status of the first pressure reducing valve 372, the second pressure reducing valve 382 and the blower 39 according to the oxygen pressure to provide oxygen to the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42 respectively.

[0041] Optionally, the first hydrogen supply line 35 is connected to a hydrogen supply main line 38, which is connected to the first hydrogen supply line 35 and the second hydrogen supply line 36 respectively. The hydrogen supply main line 38 is equipped with a second pressure gauge 381 and a second pressure reducing valve 382, ​​which are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.

[0042] The first hydrogen supply line 35 and the second hydrogen supply line 36 are connected to the hydrogen supply main line 38 through a three-way valve. The second pressure gauge 381 can monitor the pressure of hydrogen delivery in real time and transmit the pressure signal to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the state of the second pressure reducing valve 382 according to the pressure signal to supply hydrogen to the co-cement calcination unit 4 and the fuel cell unit 6.

[0043] The second pressure gauge 381 on the hydrogen supply main pipe 38 monitors the hydrogen pressure in real time. After being depressurized by the second pressure reducing valve 382, ​​the hydrogen is delivered to the first hydrogen supply pipeline 35 and the second hydrogen supply pipeline 36. The first hydrogen supply pipeline 35 is the priority channel for hydrogen use. The hydrogen is mixed with pulverized coal fuel or coal gas in a mixer, pressurized by the blower 39, and then sent to the Venturi mixer 391. After being fully mixed with oxygen, it is sent to the kiln head burner 41. The second hydrogen supply pipeline 36 is the secondary channel. When the kiln and power generation system are operating stably and the hydrogen storage is sufficient, the hydrogen can be controlled by a valve to enter the reaction tower 54 for the preparation of methanol, syngas, etc.

[0044] Optionally, the cement calcination unit 4 also includes a pulverized coal supply device 44, a rotary kiln 45, a kiln tail 46, and a grate cooler 47. The pulverized coal supply device 44 is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline 35, the rotary kiln 45 is connected to the kiln head burner 41, a first circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln 45, the kiln tail 46, and the decomposition furnace 42, and a second circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln 45, the grate cooler 47, and the decomposition furnace 42.

[0045] The pulverized coal supply device 44 is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline 35. After the pulverized coal and hydrogen form a mixture, they enter the kiln head burner 41, which can make the pulverized coal, hydrogen and oxygen fully mixed and burn efficiently, providing a stable heat source for the subsequent rotary kiln 45.

[0046] The raw meal is preheated in preheater 43 and decomposed in decomposition furnace 42 before entering rotary kiln 45, where it is finally calcined into clinker at high temperature. The high-temperature clinker is discharged from rotary kiln 45 and falls into grate cooler 47 for quenching on the grate bed, ensuring the quality of the clinker while recovering the high-temperature secondary and tertiary air. The high-temperature secondary air returns to rotary kiln 45 via a second circulation loop for combustion support, while the high-temperature tertiary air mixes with supplemental oxygen in the pipeline before entering decomposition furnace 42, providing the necessary oxygen and heat for fuel combustion and ensuring sufficient pre-decomposition of the raw meal.

[0047] The high-temperature waste gas (approximately 900-1100℃) generated by the rotary kiln 45 passes sequentially through the kiln tail 46 and the decomposition furnace 42, and then enters the preheater 43 to preheat and pre-decompose the raw materials, reducing its temperature to 300-350℃. Subsequently, the medium- and low-temperature waste gas enters the heat recovery unit 7, where its heat is transferred to the heat storage medium and stored in a heat storage tank, achieving full utilization of low-grade waste heat. After heat recovery, the waste gas enters the tail gas treatment and resource recovery system for further processing.

[0048] Optionally, the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system also includes a fuel cell unit 6, which includes a battery body 61 and an inverter power distribution device 14. The battery body 61 is connected to a hydrogen storage tank 32, and the inverter power distribution device 14 is electrically connected between the battery body 61 and the energy storage module 13.

[0049] The fuel cell unit 6 is used to supply hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank 32 as fuel to the battery body 61 when there is insufficient sunlight or a high system power load, and the energy storage module 13 has insufficient power. The hydrogen is then used to generate electrical and thermal energy through the fuel cell reaction, achieving power compensation and energy recovery. The battery body 61 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 32, and the hydrogen priority of the fuel cell unit 6 is higher than that of the hydrogen in the reaction tower 54.

[0050] The DC power output from the battery cell 61 is connected to the energy storage module 13 via the inverter distribution device 14, primarily to replenish the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage unit. The energy storage module 13 then distributes power to the electrolyzer 21 and other loads, thereby maintaining the system's power balance and continuous operation. This design prevents the fuel cell from directly powering the load; instead, the energy storage module 13 acts as the power distribution hub, ensuring stable power supply even under conditions of photovoltaic fluctuations or darkness at night. The reaction heat generated by the battery cell 61 during power generation is recovered via a heat exchanger and incorporated into the heat recovery unit 7, achieving dual energy feedback of electricity and heat.

[0051] Optionally, the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system also includes a heat recovery unit 7, which includes a heat storage tank, a first heat exchanger 72 and a second heat exchanger 73. The first heat exchanger 72 is connected between the heat storage tank and the photovoltaic module 11 and between the heat storage tank and the battery body 61, and the second heat exchanger 73 is connected between the heat storage tank and the preheater 43. The heat recovery unit 7 is also used to cope with the diurnal temperature difference in high-altitude areas. During the daytime, the heat storage tank stores the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 11 and the battery body 61. At night or during low-temperature periods, the heat storage tank releases heat to maintain the operating temperature of the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 and the fuel cell unit 6.

[0052] The heat recovery unit 7 enables centralized management and tiered utilization of process heat. Various types of heat generated by the photovoltaic module 11, battery body 61, preheater 43, etc., are collected by the first heat exchanger 72 and the second heat exchanger 73, and stored in the contact tank 71, forming a stable centralized heat storage system. The first heat exchanger 72 and the second heat exchanger 73 ensure isolated heat exchange with personnel, preventing direct contact between different media and thus avoiding cross-contamination and electrochemical corrosion.

[0053] In this embodiment, the heat recovery unit 7 is also used to cope with the diurnal temperature difference in high-altitude areas. High-altitude areas have large diurnal temperature differences, with daytime temperatures reaching 20-30℃ and nighttime temperatures dropping below -10℃. This large temperature difference affects the normal operation of the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 and the fuel cell unit 6.

[0054] During the daytime, the thermal storage tank stores the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 11 and the reaction heat generated during the power generation process of the battery body 61, storing the heat in the form of a thermal storage medium. At night or during periods of low temperature, the thermal storage tank releases the stored heat, supplying heat to the electrolyzer 21 and the battery body 61 through a heat exchanger to maintain their operating temperature within a suitable range, preventing a decrease in electrolysis efficiency or difficulty in starting the fuel cell due to low temperatures. This design fully utilizes the temperature difference characteristics of high-altitude areas, achieving time-shifted heat utilization and stable all-weather operation of the system.

[0055] During heat distribution, the carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system prioritizes the heating and insulation of the electrolyzer 21 and fuel cell unit 6, and then meets the heat demand of key process components such as compressor 25 and pump.

[0056] The present invention also provides a method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants in high-altitude areas, namely, a method of using the carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system of any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: S1. After generating electricity, the photovoltaic module 11 of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage module 13 for storage. The energy storage module 13 supplies power to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2.

[0057] S2, the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, and transfers the hydrogen and oxygen to the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3. The hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 32, and the oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank 31.

[0058] S3. Oxygen storage tank 31 supplies oxygen to kiln head burner 41 and decomposition furnace 42 via first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and second oxygen supply pipeline 34, respectively. Hydrogen storage tank 32 supplies hydrogen to kiln head burner 41 and battery body 61 of fuel cell unit 6 via first hydrogen supply pipeline 35 and second hydrogen supply pipeline 36, respectively.

[0059] S4, cement calcination unit 4 performs cement calcination operations, and the generated exhaust gas is sequentially transmitted to dust removal device 51, desulfurization and denitrification device 52, carbon dioxide separation device 53 and reaction tower 54.

[0060] In step S1, the photovoltaic module 11 generates electricity using solar energy. The generated DC power first flows into the energy storage module 13 through the current conversion device 12. The power of the energy storage module 13 is then transmitted to the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit 2 through the inverter power distribution device 14.

[0061] In step S2, the electrolytic cell 21 converts DC power into high-concentration hydrogen and oxygen, which are then released at the cathode and anode, respectively. The released gas first enters the gas-liquid separation and dealkali removal device 22 to remove entrained solution, and then passes through the condensation and drying device 24 for condensation and removal of water vapor. The dried gas is then pressurized to the required pressure range by the compressor 25, and then enters the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit 3 through the check valve 26 and the safety valve 27.

[0062] In step S3, during oxygen distribution, the control unit performs pressure compensation control based on the high-altitude, low-pressure conditions. Specifically, it automatically adjusts the oxygen supply ratio of the first oxygen supply line 33 and the second oxygen supply line 34 according to the target oxygen partial pressure and the proportion of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. When the control unit detects that the supply pressure is insufficient to maintain the oxygen partial pressure inside the kiln due to a decrease in external air pressure, it adjusts the opening of the first pressure-reducing valve 372 for pressure compensation. Specifically, during the ignition or heating stage of the cement calcination unit 4, priority is given to supplying oxygen to the first oxygen supply line 33, using a small-scale progressive control. During steady-state operation, the oxygen supply is fine-tuned based on the flame infrared distribution, kiln surface temperature, and exhaust gas composition to achieve dynamic oxygen enrichment and efficient combustion.

[0063] When distributing hydrogen, the system utilizes the characteristics of fast combustion and no flameout to stabilize combustion. When the oxygen concentration at the kiln tail 46 decreases or the carbon monoxide content increases, the control unit prioritizes supplying hydrogen to the first hydrogen supply line 35. The system uses the stable high-temperature flame core formed by hydrogen in the kiln head burner 41 to prevent the coal powder combustion flame from drifting due to low gas pressure. The system also limits or shuts down the second hydrogen supply line 36 and the fuel cell branch. When the stored energy decreases and the kiln condition is stable, the system automatically and appropriately opens the fuel cell branch to replenish the power.

[0064] In step S4, after the exhaust gas passes through the dust removal device 51 and the desulfurization and denitrification device, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides are effectively removed. Then, it passes through the carbon dioxide separation device 53 to enrich carbon dioxide. The control unit adjusts the hydrogen ratio in the second hydrogen supply pipeline 36 according to the carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas, allowing methanol synthesis or syngas preparation reactions to proceed under suitable temperature and pressure conditions.

[0065] Optionally, in steps S3 and S4, the control unit switches between multiple operating modes based on the operating condition signal of the cement calcining unit 4. The operating modes include: preheating mode, in which oxygen is preferentially supplied to the decomposition furnace 42 and hydrogen is supplied to the kiln head burner 41 at a minimum flow rate during the system startup or heating stage; ignition mode, in which hydrogen is preferentially supplied to the kiln head burner 41 during the ignition stage of the kiln head burner 41, utilizing the fast combustion speed of hydrogen to quickly establish a stable flame; steady-state mode, in which pulverized coal and hydrogen are mixed and burned in a preset ratio during the stable operation stage of the cement calcining unit 4, and oxygen is distributed to the kiln head burner 41 and the decomposition furnace 42 as needed; and oxygen-enriched mode, in which the control unit increases the oxygen supply flow rate when the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas exceeds a preset threshold.

[0066] Optionally, in step S3, the pressures of oxygen storage tank 31 and hydrogen storage tank 32 are monitored in real time by pressure sensors. The control unit executes a multi-branch coordinated scheduling strategy based on the tank pressure: when the pressure of hydrogen storage tank 32 is higher than the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes starting fuel cell unit 6 to generate electricity and release hydrogen; when the pressure of oxygen storage tank 31 is higher than the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit increases the oxygen supply of the first oxygen supply pipeline 33 and the second oxygen supply pipeline 34.

[0067] In this embodiment, the control unit controls the first hydrogen supply line 35 and the second hydrogen supply line 36 to prioritize supplying hydrogen to the cement calcination unit 4 and then to the fuel cell unit 6; and the control unit controls the first oxygen supply line 33 and the second oxygen supply line 34 to prioritize supplying oxygen to the decomposition furnace 42 and then to the kiln head burner 41.

[0068] Optionally, in steps S3 and S4, the control unit acquires the temperature signal of the cement calcination unit 4, and simultaneously controls the opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve 372 and the second pressure reducing valve 382 according to the pressure signals transmitted by the first pressure gauge 371 and the second pressure gauge 381.

[0069] In summary, this invention provides a carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system and method for cement plants in high-altitude areas. The system simultaneously installs a photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit, a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit, and a tail gas treatment unit in the cement plant. The photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic power generation unit can generate electricity using solar energy and store the electrical energy in an energy storage module. The electrical energy from the energy storage module can supply the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen are stored in hydrogen storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks, respectively, and are transmitted to the kiln head burner and decomposition furnace of the cement calcination unit through a first hydrogen supply pipeline, a first oxygen supply pipeline, and a second oxygen supply pipeline, respectively. The control unit can control and adjust the supply of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be burned together with pulverized coal in the kiln head burner, using hydrogen to aid combustion and reduce carbon emissions. Simultaneously, the oxygen supplied to the kiln head burner and decomposition furnace increases the internal oxygen content, improves fuel combustion completeness, enhances the combustion efficiency of the cement calcination unit, and reduces carbon emissions.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas, characterized in that, It includes a photovoltaic power generation unit (1), an electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2), a hydrogen and oxygen storage unit (3), a cement calcination unit (4), a tail gas treatment unit (5), and a control unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit (1), the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2), the hydrogen and oxygen storage unit (3), the cement calcination unit (4), and the tail gas treatment unit (5) are respectively connected to the control unit via signal. The photovoltaic power generation unit (1) includes a photovoltaic module (11) and an energy storage module (13) electrically connected to the photovoltaic module (11). The energy storage module (13) is electrically connected to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2) and is used to supply power to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2). The hydrogen-oxygen storage unit (3) includes an oxygen storage tank (31) and a hydrogen storage tank (32), and the oxygen storage tank (31) and the hydrogen storage tank (32) are respectively connected to the electrolytic hydrogen-oxygen production unit (2). The cement calcination unit (4) includes a kiln head burner (41), a decomposition furnace (42), and a preheater (43) connected together. The kiln head burner (41) is connected to the oxygen storage tank (31) by a first oxygen supply pipeline (33), and the decomposition furnace (42) is connected to the oxygen storage tank (31) by a second oxygen supply pipeline (34). The oxygen storage tank (31) can supply oxygen to the kiln head burner (41) and the decomposition furnace (42) respectively. The kiln head burner (41) is also connected to the hydrogen storage tank (32) by a first hydrogen supply pipeline (35). The decomposition furnace (42) is connected to the preheater (43). The exhaust gas treatment unit (5) is connected to the preheater (43). The exhaust gas treatment unit (5) includes a dust removal device (51), a desulfurization and denitrification device (52), a carbon dioxide separation device (53), and a reaction tower (54) connected to each other. The reaction tower (54) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (32) by a second hydrogen supply pipeline (36).

2. The carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen storage tank (31) is connected to an oxygen supply main pipe (37). The first oxygen supply pipeline (33) and the second oxygen supply pipeline (34) are both connected to the oxygen supply main pipe (37). The oxygen supply main pipe (37) is equipped with a first pressure gauge (371) and a first pressure reducing valve (372). The first oxygen supply pipeline (33) and the second oxygen supply pipeline (34) are respectively equipped with a blower (39). The first pressure gauge (371), the first pressure reducing valve (372) and the blower (39) are respectively electrically connected to the control unit.

3. The carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hydrogen supply pipeline (35) is connected to a hydrogen supply main pipeline (38), which is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline (35) and the second hydrogen supply pipeline (36) respectively. The hydrogen supply main pipeline (38) is equipped with a second pressure gauge (381) and a second pressure reducing valve (382). The second pressure gauge (381) and the second pressure reducing valve (382) are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.

4. The carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cement calcination unit (4) further includes a pulverized coal supply device (44), a rotary kiln (45), a kiln tail (46), and a grate cooler (47). The pulverized coal supply device (44) is connected to the first hydrogen supply pipeline (35). The rotary kiln (45) is connected to the kiln head burner (41). A first circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln (45), the kiln tail (46), and the decomposition furnace (42). A second circulation loop is connected between the rotary kiln (45), the grate cooler (47), and the decomposition furnace (42).

5. The carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system also includes a fuel cell unit (6), which includes a battery body (61) and an inverter power distribution device (14). The battery body (61) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (32), and the inverter power distribution device (14) is electrically connected between the battery body (61) and the energy storage module (13).

6. The carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system for cement plants in high-altitude areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carbon reduction and oxygen replenishment system also includes a heat recovery unit (7), which includes a heat storage tank, a first heat exchanger (72) and a second heat exchanger (73). The first heat exchanger (72) is connected between the heat storage tank and the photovoltaic module (11) and between the heat storage tank and the battery body (61). The second heat exchanger (73) is connected between the heat storage tank and the preheater (43). The heat recovery unit (7) is also used to cope with the diurnal temperature difference in high-altitude areas. During the daytime, the heat storage tank stores the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module (11) and the battery body (61). At night or during low-temperature periods, the heat storage tank releases heat to maintain the working temperature of the electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2) and the fuel cell unit (6).

7. A method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants at high altitudes, employing the carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation system described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The photovoltaic module (11) of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) generates electricity and transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage module (13) for storage. The energy storage module (13) supplies power to the electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2). S2, Electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit (2) produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water and transfers the hydrogen and oxygen to hydrogen and oxygen storage unit (3). The hydrogen is stored in hydrogen storage tank (32) and the oxygen is stored in oxygen storage tank (31). S3. The oxygen storage tank (31) supplies oxygen to the kiln head burner (41) and the decomposition furnace (42) via the first oxygen supply pipeline (33) and the second oxygen supply pipeline (34), respectively. The hydrogen storage tank (32) supplies hydrogen to the kiln head burner (41) and the battery body (61) of the fuel cell unit (6) via the first hydrogen supply pipeline (35) and the second hydrogen supply pipeline (36), respectively. S4. The cement calcination unit (4) performs cement calcination operations, and the generated exhaust gas is sequentially transmitted to the dust removal device (51), the desulfurization and denitrification device (52), the carbon dioxide separation device (53), and the reaction tower (54).

8. The method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants at high altitudes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the control unit performs dynamic pressure compensation control based on the high altitude and low air pressure conditions. The control unit obtains the current ambient air pressure signal in real time and dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply flow rate and pressure of the first oxygen supply pipeline (33) and the second oxygen supply pipeline (34) according to the difference between the target oxygen partial pressure and the actual oxygen partial pressure, so as to maintain the oxygen partial pressure in the kiln head burner (41) and the decomposition furnace (42) within the preset range.

9. The method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants at high altitudes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In steps S3 and S4, the control unit controls the system to switch between multiple operating modes based on the operating condition signal of the cement calcination unit (4). The operating modes include: preheating mode, in the system startup or heating stage, oxygen is preferentially supplied to the decomposition furnace (42), and hydrogen is supplied to the kiln head burner (41) at the minimum flow rate; ignition mode, in the kiln head burner (41) ignition stage, hydrogen is preferentially supplied to the kiln head burner (41), and a stable flame is quickly established by utilizing the fast combustion speed of hydrogen; steady state mode, in the cement calcination unit (4) stable operation stage, pulverized coal and hydrogen are mixed and burned in a preset ratio, and oxygen is distributed to the kiln head burner (41) and decomposition furnace (42) as needed; oxygen-enriched mode, when the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas exceeds a preset threshold, the control unit increases the oxygen supply flow rate.

10. The method for carbon reduction and oxygen supplementation in cement plants at high altitudes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the pressures of the oxygen storage tank (31) and the hydrogen storage tank (32) are monitored in real time by pressure sensors. The control unit executes a multi-branch coordinated scheduling strategy based on the tank pressure: when the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank (32) is higher than the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit prioritizes starting the fuel cell unit (6) to generate electricity and release hydrogen; when the pressure of the oxygen storage tank (31) is higher than the preset upper limit threshold, the control unit increases the oxygen supply of the first oxygen supply pipeline (33) and the second oxygen supply pipeline (34).

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