Offshore wind power foundation three-dimensional layered modular scour protection device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of offshore wind power foundation three-dimensional layered modular scour protection device and method, device includes energy dissipation module, porous energy dissipation unit, resistance flow module and stabilizing module;Energy dissipation module is honeycomb-like openwork frame structure, bottom is provided with anti-skid boss, and porous energy dissipation unit is embedded in;Resistance flow module is plate, and staggered through-hole is opened, and bottom is provided with latch type fixed foot;Stabilizing module is built-in counterweight medium, and bottom is provided with sawtooth anti-skid structure.Stabilizing module is arranged in seabed bottom layer, energy dissipation module is connected thereon, and resistance flow module is located on the outside of energy dissipation module.The application promotes energy dissipation efficiency by honeycomb frame and porous unit cooperation, latch type fixed foot and sawtooth structure enhance seabed adhesion, prevent slipping and overturning;Modular design is convenient for installation and maintenance, can be standardized flexible combination, adapt to different sea conditions, effectively improve protection stability and practicality, guarantee offshore wind power foundation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of offshore wind power scour protection technology, specifically relating to a three-dimensional layered modular scour protection device and method for offshore wind power foundations. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore wind power foundations are located in complex marine hydrodynamic environments and are susceptible to continuous scouring by waves and currents, which can cause local seabed erosion and seriously threaten the stability of the foundation structure and operational safety. Traditional scour protection structures mostly adopt an integrated design, which requires customized solutions for different marine hydrodynamic conditions, geological conditions and foundation types. This results in problems such as long design cycles, high costs and poor versatility.

[0003] Meanwhile, existing protective structures are mostly single energy dissipation or flow blocking forms, which have low efficiency in dissipating water flow energy and limited overall scour resistance. Some protective devices adopt fixed structures, which are difficult to install on site and inconvenient to maintain and replace later, making them difficult to adapt to complex and ever-changing marine working conditions.

[0004] In addition, traditional structures do not fit the seabed well enough, making them prone to slippage and overturning under the action of water flow. Furthermore, the modules have poor compatibility and cannot achieve functional combination and dynamic adjustment according to actual scour risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device and method for offshore wind power foundations, in order to solve the technical defects of existing anti-scour protection structures for offshore wind power foundations, such as long design cycle, high cost, poor versatility, low energy dissipation efficiency, inconvenient installation and maintenance, and insufficient fit between the structure and the seabed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this application provides a three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations, comprising: The energy dissipation module has a honeycomb-shaped hollow frame structure and anti-slip protrusions at the bottom. A porous energy dissipation unit is embedded in the energy dissipation module; The flow-blocking module has a plate-like structure, with staggered through holes and pin-type fixing feet at the bottom. The stabilizing module is filled with a counterweight medium and has a serrated anti-slip structure at the bottom. The stabilization module is deployed on the bottom of the seabed, the energy dissipation module is connected to the upper surface of the stabilization module, and the flow obstruction module is located outside the energy dissipation module.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, the energy dissipation module is generally shaped like a trapezoid, with an arc-shaped curved surface on the water-facing side, and is integrally formed from high-strength glass fiber reinforced composite material.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the porous energy dissipation unit is a composite structure of polyurethane foam and stainless steel mesh, which is filled in the inner cavity of the honeycomb-shaped hollow frame.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the through hole is a circular through hole and is uniformly staggered along the length of the flow-blocking module.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the total area of ​​the circular through holes accounts for 30% to 40% of the total area of ​​the flow-blocking module board.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the bottom of the flow-blocking module is provided with a plurality of pin-type fixing feet, which are detachably assembled and connected to the flow-blocking module.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the stabilizing module is a box-shaped structure integrally cast with reinforced concrete, including a bottom plate and an enclosing box body, wherein the side wall of the box body is integrally formed with transverse reinforcing ribs.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the top of the box is provided with a counterweight medium filling opening, which is connected to the internal cavity of the box.

[0014] In one optional embodiment, the counterweight medium is graded sand and gravel or recycled aggregate.

[0015] A second aspect of this application provides a method for scour protection of offshore wind turbine foundations, the method employing the three-dimensional, layered, modular scour protection device for offshore wind turbine foundations as described above, comprising: The stabilizing module is hoisted to the preset seabed position using hoisting equipment, and its levelness is adjusted to ensure that its bottom serrated anti-slip structure is attached to and fixed to the bottom of the seabed. The energy dissipation module, which is embedded with a porous energy dissipation unit, is hoisted onto the upper surface of the stabilization module and fixedly connected, so that the water-facing surface of the energy dissipation module faces the direction of the water flow. The flow-blocking module is hoisted to the outside of the energy dissipation module, so that it surrounds the outer perimeter of the offshore wind power foundation. The pin-type fixing feet at the bottom of the flow-blocking module are then inserted and fixed to the seabed, so that the circular through holes on the flow-blocking module are evenly distributed in a staggered manner.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The honeycomb-shaped hollow frame of the energy dissipation module, in conjunction with the porous energy dissipation unit, effectively improves the energy dissipation efficiency of water flow, solving the problem of poor energy dissipation effect of traditional protective structures. The pin-type fixing feet of the flow obstruction module, in conjunction with the serrated anti-slip structure of the stabilization module, significantly improve the fit with the seabed, preventing slippage and overturning. The entire device adopts a modular design, which not only reduces the difficulty of installation and maintenance and solves the pain point of inconvenient replacement of traditional fixed structures, but also enables standardized and flexible combination to adapt to different marine conditions. It not only improves the energy dissipation and flow obstruction effect and enhances the protective stability, but also reduces operating costs, ensures the safety of offshore wind power foundations, and greatly improves the overall reliability and practicality of scour protection. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figures 1-3 A schematic diagram of a flow-blocking module in a three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a stabilization module in a three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the stabilization module assembly in the three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by the present invention. Figures 6-7 A schematic diagram of the energy dissipation module in the three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by the present invention; Figures 8-9 The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scouring protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by this invention is applied to high-speed water flow sea areas. Figures 10-11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by the present invention applied to soft soil geological sea areas; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations provided by the present invention applied to sea areas with multiple waves. In the diagram: 1. Concrete vertical slab; 2. Through hole; 3. Pin-type fixing foot; 4. Connecting bolt; 5. First lifting lug; 6. Base; 7. Rib plate; 8. Second lifting lug; 9. Box body; 10. Sand and gravel; 11. Serrated structure; 12. Seabed; 13. Anti-slip boss; 14. Honeycomb hollow frame; 15. Porous energy dissipation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] To address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background section, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device and method for offshore wind power foundations.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-12 As shown, in a first aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations is provided. The device includes: an energy dissipation module, which is a honeycomb hollow frame 14 structure with anti-slip protrusions 13 at the bottom; a porous energy dissipation unit 15 embedded in the energy dissipation module; a flow-blocking module, which is a concrete slab 1 structure, with first lifting lugs 5 at both ends of the top of the concrete slab 1, staggered through holes 2 on the flow-blocking module, and pin-type fixing feet 3 at the bottom; and a stabilization module, which is filled with counterweight medium and has a serrated structure 11 at the bottom. The stabilization module is located at the bottom of the seabed 12, the energy dissipation module is connected to the upper surface of the stabilization module, and the flow-blocking module is located outside the energy dissipation module. The three modules are arranged sequentially from bottom to top and from outside to inside, forming a three-dimensional, layered protection system with bottom anchoring and stabilization, middle depth energy dissipation, and outer flow-blocking and deceleration. This system can comprehensively resist the continuous scour of waves and currents on the offshore wind power foundation and the surrounding seabed 12, ensuring the safety and long-term stable operation of the wind power foundation structure.

[0024] In this embodiment, the stabilization module is deployed on the bottom layer of the seabed 12, providing a stable and reliable installation support platform for the upper energy dissipation module and the outer flow obstruction module, preventing the upper structure from shifting, tilting or overturning under the action of strong water flow and large waves; the energy dissipation module is connected to the upper end face of the stabilization module, and is used to dissipate the energy of the waves and ocean currents after initial deceleration in multiple stages and depths, converting the remaining impact kinetic energy of the water flow into turbulent energy consumption, vibration energy consumption and other forms, so as to minimize the scouring force of the water flow on the foundation and the seabed 12; the flow obstruction module is located outside the energy dissipation module, and is used to change the flow path of the direct water flow, cut off the direct channel of the high-speed water flow, and reduce the mainstream velocity of the water flow, so as to prevent the high-speed water flow from directly impacting the inner energy dissipation module and the wind power foundation body.

[0025] Furthermore, the energy dissipation module features a honeycomb hollow frame structure 14 with anti-slip protrusions 13 at the bottom. The overall shape is trapezoidal, with a curved water-facing surface, and it is integrally molded from high-strength glass fiber reinforced composite material. The trapezoidal design of the energy dissipation module, with a bottom width greater than the top width, results in a lower center of gravity and enhanced stability. Combined with the curved water-facing surface, it guides, diverts, and diffuses the water flow in the initial stages of contact, preventing concentrated impact from direct water flow, reducing direct scouring and wear on the module body, and extending the module's service life.

[0026] High-strength glass fiber reinforced composite materials possess excellent adaptability to marine environments, exhibiting advantages such as corrosion resistance, aging resistance, seawater immersion resistance, high mechanical strength, and good toughness. They can be used for extended periods in high-salt, high-humidity, and highly corrosive marine environments, and are not prone to cracking, deformation, or rust. This solves the problems of easy corrosion and short lifespan associated with traditional metal or concrete materials. At the same time, the material is lightweight, facilitating lifting using the first lifting lug 5 and the second lifting lug 8, significantly reducing equipment requirements for offshore lifting and installation, and improving construction efficiency.

[0027] Specifically, the honeycomb hollow frame 14 is fitted with a porous energy dissipation unit 15. The porous energy dissipation unit 15 is a composite structure of polyurethane foam and stainless steel mesh, which is filled in the inner cavity of the honeycomb hollow frame 14 and forms a tight and firm fit with the honeycomb hollow frame 14, without loosening or gaps, to ensure stable energy dissipation.

[0028] The honeycomb hollow frame 14 adopts a regular honeycomb hollow design, forming a large number of continuous and interconnected multi-level pore channels inside. After the water flow is initially slowed down by the flow obstruction module, it enters the energy dissipation module. The honeycomb hollow frame 14 can guide the water flow to enter the internal pores of the frame evenly, so that the water flow forms a continuous turbulent flow, flow around, and vortex motion in the pores. The energy is initially consumed through friction, collision, and dissipation inside the water flow, and the linear impact kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into turbulent energy without scouring ability.

[0029] The porous energy dissipation unit 15 is made of polyurethane foam and stainless steel mesh, which combines lightweight, flexibility, high strength and high porosity. Under the continuous action of water flow, it can generate slight and orderly vibration. Through vibration, it further absorbs the impact energy of waves and water flow, forming a dual energy dissipation mode of frame turbulence energy dissipation and unit vibration energy dissipation, which greatly improves the overall energy dissipation efficiency and solves the technical defects of traditional protective structures with single energy dissipation form and poor energy dissipation effect.

[0030] Meanwhile, the porous energy dissipation unit 15 fits tightly and is fully filled with honeycomb hollow frame 14, which can prevent water flow from forming a through channel inside the module, ensuring that each stream of water can be fully dissipated before flowing to the inner foundation, thus improving the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of protection.

[0031] The anti-slip protrusion 13 is located at the bottom of the honeycomb hollow frame 14. It is an integrally formed protruding structure with uniform size and regular arrangement. It is used to improve the fit, friction and connection reliability between the energy dissipation module and the stabilization module, and prevent the energy dissipation module from slipping, misaligning or falling off under the continuous water flow impact and wave action, so as to ensure the positional stability of the middle layer energy dissipation structure. The trapezoidal structure and the arc-shaped water-facing surface work together to form a streamlined water flow guide surface, which can effectively disperse the water flow impact force, change the water flow direction, and make the water flow evenly distributed to both sides along the curved surface, avoiding the water flow from concentrating on scouring the bottom of the module and the connection of the stabilization module, and protecting the module connection interface and the bottom seabed 12.

[0032] The multi-level porous channels formed by the honeycomb hollow frame 14 can not only guide the water flow to dissipate energy through turbulence, but also reduce the positive force of the water flow on the module body, reduce the water load on the module, and improve the overall impact resistance of the structure. The slight vibration generated by the porous energy dissipation unit 15 under the action of water flow will not damage the module structure. On the contrary, it can release some stress and avoid stress concentration that could lead to module cracking. At the same time, the vibration can reduce the attachment of marine organisms on the module surface, keep the module pores unobstructed, and ensure the long-term stable energy dissipation effect.

[0033] In this embodiment, the flow-blocking module is a concrete slab 1 structure. The top two ends of the concrete slab 1 are provided with first lifting lugs 5 to facilitate offshore hoisting and underwater positioning. The concrete slab 1 is provided with staggered through holes 2. The through holes 2 are circular through holes and are staggered and evenly arranged along the length of the flow-blocking module. The total area of ​​the circular through holes accounts for 30% to 40% of the total area of ​​the flow-blocking module plate.

[0034] The main body of the flow-blocking module is made of ultra-high strength concrete prefabricated, with high structural strength, good impact resistance, and strong resistance to water flow abrasion. It can withstand repeated impacts and scouring from waves and ocean currents for a long time without being damaged or deformed, making it suitable for harsh marine environments.

[0035] The diameter of the circular through holes 2 is controlled at 5-10cm. They are evenly and staggered along the length of the concrete vertical slab 1. The staggered arrangement can break the straight flow of water, causing the water flowing through the through holes 2 at different positions to cross, interfere with and collide with each other, forming a large number of rotating eddies. This further reduces the water flow speed and kinetic energy. At the same time, the eddies can reduce the shear force of the water flow on the seabed 12, weaken the scouring and scouring effect of the water flow on the seabed 12, and protect the topographic stability of the seabed 12.

[0036] The bottom of the flow-blocking module is equipped with pin-type fixing feet 3, which are detachably connected to the flow-blocking module. The insertion depth can be flexibly adjusted according to the topography and geological hardness of the seabed 12, adapting to seabed surfaces with different flatness and soil types. Multiple pin-type fixing feet 3 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the concrete vertical plate 1, which can be directly inserted into the seabed 12 during installation for rapid anchoring, improving the installation stability and anti-slip capability of the flow-blocking module, and preventing the module from tipping over or shifting under the action of water flow. The detachable assembly and connection design allows the pin-type fixing feet 3 to be disassembled, replaced, and repaired individually without replacing the entire flow-blocking module, reducing maintenance costs and construction difficulty, while also facilitating transportation and storage and reducing the risk of damage during transportation.

[0037] The staggered and uniform arrangement of the circular through holes 2 can divert the high-speed main current that originally directly hits the wind turbine foundation into multiple secondary water flows with lower velocity and dispersed direction, cutting off the direct scouring path of the water flow to the foundation and reducing the risk of scouring from the source; at the same time, the diverted water flows interfere with each other and will not form a new concentrated scouring force, ensuring uniform and stable protection effect.

[0038] In this embodiment, an opening ratio of 30% to 40% is the optimal ratio, effectively balancing the flow obstruction effect and water flow penetration rate. This avoids excessive load on the concrete slab 1 due to an excessively low opening ratio, which could lead to deformation or damage, while also preventing insufficient flow obstruction and ineffective water flow deceleration due to an excessively high opening ratio. During on-site construction, the opening ratio can be adjusted by replacing the concrete slab 1 with different ratios according to actual needs such as water flow velocity, wave intensity, and marine protection level. In high-speed water flow areas, the opening ratio can be lowered to 30% to reduce water flow penetration and improve the flow obstruction and deceleration effect; in slower water flow areas, the opening ratio can be appropriately increased to reduce the stress on the module and extend its service life.

[0039] The pin-type fixing feet 3 can be inserted into the seabed 12 to a certain depth, tightly engaging with the soil of the seabed 12. Combined with the weight of the concrete vertical plate 1, a double-stabilizing structure is formed, ensuring that the flow-blocking module remains vertical and stable under strong water flow and large waves, providing reliable outer protection for the inner energy dissipation module. The detachable assembly structure not only facilitates installation and maintenance, but also allows for quick adjustment of the module height, position, and combination according to site requirements, enhancing the dynamic adaptability of the device and meeting the protection needs under different working conditions.

[0040] In this embodiment, the stabilizing module is a box-shaped structure integrally cast with reinforced concrete, including a base 6 and an enclosing box 9. The top of the box 9 has second lifting lugs 8 around its perimeter for easy hoisting and docking. The side walls of the box 9 are integrally formed with transverse reinforcing ribs 7. The stabilizing module adopts an integral cast-in-place reinforced concrete process, resulting in strong structural integrity, high load-bearing capacity, and excellent resistance to deformation. The base 6 has uniform thickness and a flat bottom surface, allowing it to fit tightly against the seabed 12 surface, ensuring stable placement of the module. The box 9 and base 6 enclose a closed cavity for filling with counterweight media, increasing the overall weight of the module and enhancing its anti-slip and anti-overturning capabilities.

[0041] The transverse reinforcing ribs 7 integrally formed on the side wall of the box 9 can significantly improve the structural strength, rigidity and lateral pressure resistance of the box 9, and prevent the box 9 from cracking, deforming and bulging under the pressure of the counterweight medium and the pressure of the external water flow, thus ensuring the long-term stability of the module structure.

[0042] The top of the box 9 is provided with a counterweight medium filling opening, which is connected to the internal cavity of the box 9. The opening size is moderate, which facilitates the filling, replenishment and replacement of the counterweight medium, making the operation simple and the construction efficient.

[0043] The interior of the box 9 is filled with counterweight medium, which is sand and gravel 10 or recycled aggregate. The filling amount can be flexibly adjusted according to the on-site protection requirements and geological conditions, thereby adjusting the overall self-weight of the stabilizing module. The standard self-weight range is 3-5t. In soft soil geological sea areas, the filling amount can be increased to increase the self-weight, while in hard geological sea areas, the filling amount can be appropriately reduced to adapt to different working conditions.

[0044] The bottom of the stabilizing module features a serrated structure 11 with a serration height of 5cm, which can be firmly embedded into the surface of the seabed 12. This significantly enhances the friction, interlocking force, and anchoring force between the stabilizing module and the seabed 12, effectively suppressing the overall slippage and overturning of the protective device. It provides a stable and reliable installation foundation for the energy dissipation module and the flow-blocking module. The base 6 serves as the load-bearing foundation, with high flatness and uniform stress distribution. It forms an integrated structure with the box body 9, which can evenly distribute the load of the upper module and the water flow impact load to the surface of the seabed 12, reducing local stress concentration on the seabed 12. This avoids problems such as uneven settlement and local scouring of the seabed 12 caused by stress concentration, and prevents the intensification of scouring from the root.

[0045] The transverse reinforcing ribs 7 and the box body 9 are integrally cast and formed without weak connection points. The mechanical properties are stable and can withstand large lateral pressure and vibration loads, adapting to the complex stress state of the marine environment. The sand and gravel 10 or recycled aggregate is filled evenly and can be arranged in multiple layers. The top layer of counterweight medium is flush with the top of the box body 9 to ensure the stability of the module's center of gravity and the balance of forces, preventing the module from tilting due to uneven counterweight.

[0046] The box-shaped structure design not only serves as a counterweight but also provides ballast and reinforcement to the surrounding seabed 12, inhibiting soil slippage and erosion, protecting the integrity of the seabed 12's topography, and further enhancing the overall stability of the protection system. The serrated structure 11 fits tightly and effectively with the seabed 12, providing sufficient friction even on soft soil or silty seabed surfaces to prevent module displacement. Simultaneously, the serrated structure 11 disrupts eddies at the bottom of the water flow, reducing scouring of the seabed 12 at the bottom of the module and protecting the stability of the module's installation foundation.

[0047] In a second aspect, this invention provides a method for scour protection of offshore wind power foundations, which employs the aforementioned three-dimensional, layered, modular scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Pre-construction survey and preparation. Using hoisting equipment, the first lifting lug 5 and the second lifting lug 8 are used to hoist the stabilizing module to the preset seabed position. The level is adjusted so that the serrated anti-slip structure at the bottom is attached to and fixed to the bottom of the seabed.

[0048] For example, in the early stages of construction, a comprehensive survey of the target sea area is required using specialized survey equipment. A survey vessel equipped with multibeam echo sounders, ground-penetrating radar, current meters, and wave monitors is used to accurately acquire basic data on the target sea area, including water depth, seabed topography, geological structure, soil bearing capacity, water flow velocity, flow direction, wave height, and wave frequency. Based on this data, a three-dimensional hydrogeological model is established. Simulation is used to optimize the module combination scheme, determining the quantity, arrangement, installation location, and installation coordinates of each type of module, generating a precise construction coordinate map to provide data support for on-site installation. Simultaneously, standardized prefabrication of energy dissipation modules, flow-blocking modules, and stabilization modules is completed in the factory. Each module undergoes dimensional inspection, strength testing, sealing testing, and interface compatibility testing to ensure that all modules are structurally intact, dimensionally compliant, perform satisfactorily, and that connecting bolts and components are reliable, without damage, deformation, or defects, meeting marine installation standards.

[0049] After construction preparation is completed, the prefabricated modules are transported to the construction area by barge. During transportation, the modules are secured with specialized frames to prevent collisions, tipping, or damage. Upon arrival at the construction site, the stabilizing module is precisely lifted to the pre-designated installation position on the seabed 12 using the ship's crane equipment, GPS positioning system, and second lifting lug 8. The descent speed is controlled during deployment to avoid excessive impact on the seabed 12 upon entry into the water. An underwater robot equipped with a high-definition camera and positioning sensors performs underwater position calibration and leveling of the stabilizing module, ensuring it is placed flat and accurately oriented. This allows the serrated structure 11 at the bottom to fully embed into the surface of the seabed 12, tightly fitting and effectively engaging with the bottom surface, achieving initial fixation of the stabilizing module. After installation, the underwater robot conducts a comprehensive inspection of the module's flatness and stability, confirming no tilting, loosening, or displacement, forming the underlying stable support structure of the entire protective device and laying the foundation for subsequent module installation.

[0050] Step 2: Hoist the energy dissipation module with the embedded porous energy dissipation unit to the upper end face of the stabilization module and fix it with connecting bolts 4, so that the water-facing side of the energy dissipation module faces the direction of the water flow.

[0051] For example, after the stabilizing module is installed and passes acceptance, a lifting device is used to precisely lift the energy dissipation module, which is embedded with the porous energy dissipation unit 15, onto the upper surface of the stabilizing module. With the assistance of an underwater robot, the position, angle, and docking accuracy of the energy dissipation module are adjusted, ensuring precise docking and rigid fixing between the energy dissipation module and the stabilizing module via pre-set interfaces and connecting bolts 4. The connection is tight, without gaps or loosening, ensuring uniform stress distribution between layers. During installation, the water flow direction determined in the preliminary survey is strictly followed, with the arc-shaped water-facing surface of the energy dissipation module facing the main flow direction. This ensures that the arc-shaped surface and the honeycomb hollow frame 14 can efficiently guide and dissipate water flow, allowing each stream of water to undergo sufficient energy dissipation. The anti-slip protrusion 13 at the bottom of the energy dissipation module fits tightly against the upper surface of the stabilizing module, increasing interlayer friction and further improving connection stability, preventing the energy dissipation module from slipping or misaligning under the action of water flow. After installation, check the installation height, levelness, orientation and connection reliability of the energy dissipation module to ensure that the porous energy dissipation unit 15 is fully filled and not loose, and that the honeycomb hollow frame 14 is not blocked or damaged, so as to ensure that the energy dissipation function can be performed normally.

[0052] Step 3: Hoist the flow-blocking module to the outside of the energy dissipation module using the first lifting lug 5, so that it surrounds the outer perimeter of the offshore wind power foundation, and insert and fix the pin-type fixing feet 3 at the bottom of the flow-blocking module to the seabed 12, so that the circular through holes 2 on the flow-blocking module are evenly distributed in a staggered manner.

[0053] For example, after the energy dissipation module is installed, the flow-blocking module is lifted to the outside of the energy dissipation module using the first lifting lug 5, and arranged in a closed enclosure around the perimeter of the offshore wind power foundation to form a continuous and complete outer flow-blocking barrier, covering all easily scoured areas around the wind power foundation without any blind spots. The verticality, spacing, and docking accuracy of the flow-blocking module are adjusted using an underwater robot to ensure that the module is vertical, tightly connected, and neatly arranged. Then, the pin-type fixing feet 3 at the bottom of the flow-blocking module are inserted into the seabed 12 to a preset depth to complete the insertion and fixing, ensuring that the pin-type fixing feet 3 are tightly engaged with the soil of the seabed 12, improving the flow-blocking module's anti-slip and anti-overturning capabilities. During installation, the circular through holes 2 on the flow-blocking module are ensured to be evenly distributed in a staggered manner, meeting the 30%~40% opening rate requirement, ensuring stable performance of the flow-blocking, diversion, and eddy current energy dissipation effects. After all modules are installed, four connecting bolts are used to reinforce adjacent modules as a whole. The entire device is then debugged and tested to check the reliability of each module connection, the accuracy of its position, and the integrity of its function. It is confirmed that the energy dissipation module, the flow blocking module, and the stabilization module work together normally, without any loosening, damage, or displacement, and meet the design protection requirements.

[0054] This device adopts a modular design, which can flexibly adjust the module combination and arrangement according to the hydrodynamic conditions, geological conditions, and scour risk level of different sea areas, and specifically solve scour problems under different working conditions. The specific applicable scenarios are as follows: In high-speed ocean currents, the water flow is fast, with strong impact and shear force, which can easily cause severe scouring to the foundation and seabed 12. Therefore, a combination of energy dissipation modules as the main component and flow-blocking modules as auxiliary components is adopted. Both flow-blocking and energy dissipation modules are set on the top of the foundation and arranged in three rows. Each row has five energy dissipation modules and five flow-blocking modules. The flow-blocking modules are located behind the energy dissipation modules, forming a protective structure with front-end energy dissipation and rear-end flow blocking. On-site, the opening rate of the through holes 2 is controlled at about 30% to reduce the water flow penetration rate, further blocking and slowing down the remaining water flow, and preventing high-speed water flow from directly hitting the foundation. The bottom layer of the seabed 12 is fully covered with stabilizing modules. The sufficient self-weight and bottom sawtooth structure 11 enhance the overall anti-slip and anti-shear capabilities, firmly fix the entire device, adapt to the strong impact and strong shear characteristics of high-speed water flow, and ensure the stable operation of the protection system.

[0055] In soft soil sea areas, the seabed 12 has low bearing capacity, is prone to settlement, slippage, and erosion. Traditional protective structures are easily subsided and displaced. Therefore, a combination of stabilizing modules as the base and energy dissipation modules as the surface layer is adopted. The stabilizing modules and energy dissipation modules work together. The stabilizing modules consist of three layers, with sixteen modules in each layer. The interior of the box 9 is filled with high-density sand and gravel 10, which significantly increases the overall weight and forms a thick ballast layer to compact and reinforce the soft soil seabed 12, inhibiting soil settlement, slippage, and erosion. The energy dissipation modules are staggered above the top layer of stabilizing modules. Anti-slip protrusions 13 enhance the interlocking stability between layers. The modules form an integral structure through their own weight and interlocking, enhancing their resistance to settlement and erosion. The gaps between the modules can be filled with ecological sand and gravel to promote the attachment of benthic organisms and further stabilize the seabed 12. This design is suitable for the low bearing capacity and easy deformation characteristics of soft soil foundations, fundamentally solving the problem of erosion in soft soil sea areas.

[0056] In areas with high wave impact, the wave direction is variable, the impact frequency is high, and the forces are complex, which can easily lead to the overturning of protective structures and damage to the foundation. Therefore, a three-dimensional, layered protection combination is adopted, with stabilizing modules, energy dissipation modules, and flow-blocking modules working together. The stabilizing modules are located at the bottom layer, the energy dissipation modules are placed above the stabilizing modules, and the flow-blocking modules are placed between two adjacent energy dissipation modules. There are three groups of stabilizing modules, with three modules in each group. Each group of stabilizing modules is equipped with one set of energy dissipation modules, and each group of energy dissipation modules also has three modules, forming a regular three-dimensional protection layout. A grid is laid on the seabed surface. The stabilizing module is connected to the foundation piles by steel cables, enhancing the overall anti-overturning capacity and providing a stable bearing foundation. An arc-shaped wave-absorbing module is installed at a depth of 1-5m underwater, using its curved surface and honeycomb energy-absorbing structure to disperse the multi-directional wave impact. Multiple rows of flow-blocking modules are set at a depth of 5-10m underwater, forming eddies through staggered through-holes to dissipate the remaining wave energy. This three-layer structure, arranged in a three-dimensional and coordinated manner, comprehensively resists multi-directional, high-frequency wave impacts, enhancing the overall anti-overturning, anti-impact, and anti-fatigue capabilities of the protection system, ensuring the safety and stability of the wind power foundation in complex wave environments.

[0057] In this embodiment, the flexible combination of energy dissipation modules, flow obstruction modules, and stabilization modules completely solves many technical defects of traditional offshore wind power foundation scour protection structures. Modular design replaces traditional integrated customized design, eliminating the need for separate design for each sea area, significantly shortening the design cycle, reducing production costs, and improving the device's versatility and adaptability. The dual protection mode of flow obstruction and energy dissipation replaces the traditional single energy dissipation or flow obstruction structure, greatly improving water flow energy dissipation efficiency and significantly enhancing the scour protection effect. The use of split modules and detachable connection design, along with connecting screws... The bolt 4 and pin-type fixing feet 3 enable quick assembly and disassembly, facilitating on-site installation, minimizing underwater work, and simplifying subsequent maintenance and replacement, thus reducing construction and operating costs. The triple anti-slip anchoring design—the serrated structure 11 at the bottom of the stabilizing module, the anti-slip protrusion 13 at the bottom of the energy dissipation module, and the pin-type fixing feet 3 of the flow-blocking module—significantly improves the fit and anchoring force between the structure and the seabed 12, completely resolving the problems of easy slippage and capsizing. The three-dimensional layered layout and functional synergy allow the device to dynamically adapt to different sea areas, geological conditions, and water flow conditions, providing targeted protection, stable effects, and a long service life. The entire device is simple in structure, rationally designed, highly efficient in construction, and environmentally friendly and economical. It can be widely applied to scour protection projects for various offshore wind power foundations, possessing extremely high engineering application value and promising prospects for promotion.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional, layered, modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations, characterized in that: include: The energy dissipation module has a honeycomb-shaped hollow frame structure and anti-slip protrusions at the bottom. A porous energy dissipation unit is embedded in the energy dissipation module; The flow-blocking module has a plate-like structure, with staggered through holes and pin-type fixing feet at the bottom. The stabilizing module is filled with a counterweight medium and has a serrated anti-slip structure at the bottom. The stabilization module is deployed on the bottom of the seabed, the energy dissipation module is connected to the upper surface of the stabilization module, and the flow obstruction module is located outside the energy dissipation module.

2. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation module is shaped like a trapezoid, with an arc-shaped curved surface on the water-facing side, and is integrally formed from high-strength glass fiber reinforced composite material.

3. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous energy dissipation unit is a composite structure of polyurethane foam and stainless steel mesh, which is filled and disposed in the inner cavity of the honeycomb-shaped hollow frame.

4. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through holes are circular and are evenly staggered along the length of the flow-blocking module.

5. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The total area of ​​the circular through holes accounts for 30% to 40% of the total area of ​​the flow-blocking module board.

6. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the flow-blocking module is provided with multiple pin-type fixing feet, which are detachably assembled and connected to the flow-blocking module.

7. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizing module is a box-shaped structure integrally cast with reinforced concrete, including a bottom plate and an enclosing box body, and the side walls of the box body are integrally formed with transverse reinforcing ribs.

8. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top of the box has an opening for filling counterweight medium, and the filling opening is connected to the internal cavity of the box.

9. The three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations according to claim 8, characterized in that, The counterweight medium is graded sand and gravel or recycled aggregate.

10. A method for scour protection of offshore wind turbine foundations, characterized in that, The method employs the three-dimensional layered modular anti-scour protection device for offshore wind power foundations as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising: The stabilizing module is hoisted to the preset seabed position using hoisting equipment, and its levelness is adjusted to ensure that its bottom serrated anti-slip structure is attached to and fixed to the bottom of the seabed. The energy dissipation module, which is embedded with a porous energy dissipation unit, is hoisted onto the upper surface of the stabilization module and fixedly connected, so that the water-facing surface of the energy dissipation module faces the direction of the water flow. The flow-blocking module is hoisted to the outside of the energy dissipation module, so that it surrounds the outer perimeter of the offshore wind power foundation. The pin-type fixing feet at the bottom of the flow-blocking module are then inserted and fixed to the seabed, so that the circular through holes on the flow-blocking module are evenly distributed in a staggered manner.

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