A wind storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of wind storage complementary air curtain offshore wind farm scour protection system and method, belong to offshore wind farm technical field, can solve the problem of poor scour protection effect of prior art.The system includes: near-field protection layer, far-field protection layer and ultra far-field protection layer, respectively in near-field region, far-field region and ultra far-field region, can be upwardly injected gas to form air curtain;Compressed energy storage module, when the power generation of wind farm is greater than preset power, compressed air is used to air by using the electric energy emitted by wind farm, at least one of near-field protection layer, far-field protection layer and ultra far-field protection layer is supplied with air by using compressed air, and the remaining compressed air is stored;Or, compressed energy storage module when the power generation of wind farm is less than or equal to preset power, at least one of near-field protection layer, far-field protection layer and ultra far-field protection layer is supplied with air by using compressed air stored by it.The application is used to carry out scour protection to wind farm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system and method, belonging to the field of offshore wind farm technology. Background Technology

[0002] Existing marine pile foundation scour protection structures mostly focus on the near-field area around the pile, such as using rock dumping protection and pile perimeter disturbance. Their protection radius usually only covers the area around the pile. They lack large-scale protection measures to weaken the velocity of the surrounding waves and currents, and they do not have intervention measures for potential scour risks in the far field and ultra-far field. This makes the existing technology prone to protection failure under extreme sea conditions, resulting in poor scour protection effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system and method, which can solve the problem of poor scour protection effect in the prior art.

[0004] On one hand, the present invention provides a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system. The water area where the offshore wind farm is located includes a near-field region that creates scour conditions for the pile foundations of the offshore wind farm, a far-field region that does not create the scour conditions and is less than a preset distance from the pile foundations, and an ultra-far-field region that does not create the scour conditions and is greater than or equal to the preset distance from the pile foundations. The system includes: A near-field protective layer, a far-field protective layer, and an ultra-far-field protective layer are located in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively, and can spray gas upwards to form an air curtain in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively; A compressed energy storage module is connected to the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer, and the ultra-far-field protection layer; When the power generation of the wind farm is greater than the preset power, the compressed energy storage module uses the electrical energy generated by the wind farm to compress the air, uses the compressed air to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer and the ultra-far-field protection layer, and stores the remaining compressed air. Alternatively, when the power generation of the wind farm is less than or equal to the preset power, the compressed energy storage module uses the compressed air it stores to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer, and the ultra-far-field protection layer.

[0005] Optionally, the ultra-far-field protective layer includes: An ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe is located in the ultra-far-field region, is laid around the pile foundation, and is connected to the compressed energy storage module; the compressed energy storage module is used to supply gas to the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe. Multiple ultra-long-field injection devices are arranged at intervals along the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe and are connected to the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe, for injecting gas in the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe upward.

[0006] Optionally, the ultra-long-field jetting device includes: Two protective plates are fitted onto the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe, with their opposite surfaces in contact with each other; each of the two protective plates has a longitudinally penetrating groove on its opposite surface, and the two grooves match each other to form a longitudinally penetrating channel between the two protective plates. A flexible hose is inserted into the channel, with one end located inside the channel and connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe, and the other end located outside the channel; An ultra-far field nozzle is disposed at the end of the hose furthest from the ultra-far field gas delivery pipe; A float, attached to the far-field nozzle, is used to provide buoyancy to the far-field nozzle.

[0007] Optionally, the ultra-long-field jetting device further includes: Two supports are spaced apart along the axial direction of the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe and fixed on the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe; two protective plates are located between the two supports and can slide along the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe. Two springs are connected between adjacent guard plates and supports. When the two guard plates are in contact, the springs are either in a compressed state or in a free state.

[0008] Optionally, the far-field protection layer includes: A far-field gas transmission pipeline is located in the far-field region and is laid around the pile foundation; The first connecting pipe has one end connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe and the other end connected to the far field gas transmission pipe through a gas source distributor, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe to the far field gas transmission pipe. Multiple far-field nozzles are spaced apart along the far-field gas delivery pipe and are connected to the far-field gas delivery pipe, used to spray the gas in the far-field gas delivery pipe upward.

[0009] Optionally, the far-field gas delivery pipe includes: Multiple sub-gas pipelines are located in the far-field region, and they surround the pile foundation from near to far, with the pile foundation as the center. Each sub-gas pipe is equipped with multiple far-field nozzles at intervals, and the spray force of the far-field nozzles on each sub-gas pipe is different, so that the density of the air curtain formed by the multiple sub-gas pipes distributed from near to far decreases sequentially.

[0010] Optionally, the near-field protective layer includes: Multiple hollow turbulence rings are located in the near-field region and are respectively fitted at different heights of the pile foundation; The second connecting pipe has one end connected to the plurality of hollow turbulence rings and the other end connected to the gas source distributor, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe to the plurality of hollow turbulence rings. Multiple near-field nozzles are spaced apart along each hollow turbulence ring and are connected to the corresponding hollow turbulence ring, used to spray the gas inside the hollow turbulence ring upward.

[0011] Optionally, the system further includes: A monitoring module is installed in the water area to monitor the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, and the third flow velocity of the ultra-far field protective layer, the far field protective layer, and the near field protective layer on the side away from the pile foundation, respectively, as well as the rate of decrease in seabed depth in the near field area; The control module is used to determine a preset flow velocity that forms the scouring conditions for the pile foundation, and to control the compressed energy storage module to supply air to at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer and the near field protection layer according to the preset flow velocity, the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, the third flow velocity and the descent velocity, so as to activate at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer and the near field protection layer.

[0012] Optionally, the control module activates the ultra-far-field protection layer when the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity; Alternatively, when the far-field protection layer reaches its maximum protection capability and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far-field protection layer is activated until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protective layer and the far-field protective layer reach their maximum protective capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protective layer is activated until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection method, the method comprising: S1. A scour protection system is deployed in the waters where the offshore wind farm is located. The scour protection system is any of the wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection systems described above. S2. Using the monitoring module of the scour protection system, obtain the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, and the third flow velocity of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer, and the near field protection layer on the side away from the pile foundation, respectively, as well as the rate of decrease in seabed depth in the near field region; S3. Use the control module of the scour protection system to determine the preset flow velocity that forms the scour condition of the pile foundation, and activate the ultra-far field protection layer when the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when the ultra-far-field protection layer reaches its maximum protection capability and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far-field protection layer is activated until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protection layer and the far-field protection layer reach their maximum protection capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protection layer is activated until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

[0014] The beneficial effects that this invention can produce include: This invention utilizes multiple protective layers to provide multi-level, stepped protection for the ultra-far-field, far-field, and near-field regions, which helps to gradually reduce wave velocity and thus improve scour protection. Furthermore, by incorporating a compressed energy storage module, the gas supply can be increased to strengthen protection during severe weather conditions leading to intense scour, or decreased to maintain basic protection during periods of calmer winds and waves with less scour. This achieves a balance between protection requirements and gas supply capacity, avoiding a mismatch between the two. Simultaneously, by monitoring changes in the peripheral flow velocity and potential scour pit depth of the ultra-far-field, far-field, and near-field protective layers, the invention uses a control module to supply gas to at least one of these layers in a timely manner, resulting in more comprehensive protection, a more stable protection process, and significantly improved scour protection effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is an overall top view of the wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A front view of the near-field and far-field protective layers of a single pile foundation provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 2 Top view; Figure 4 This is a front view of the ultra-long-field jetting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 4 Top view; Figure 6 This is a top view of a compressed energy storage module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure label: 1. Pile foundation; 2. Potential scour pit; 3. Compressed energy storage module; 31. Air compressor; 34. Turbine generator; 35. Air storage tank; 321. First pipeline; 322. Second pipeline; 323. Third pipeline; 324. Fourth pipeline; 331. First valve; 332. Second valve; 4. Ultra-long-field protective layer; 41. Ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe; 42. First connecting pipe; 431. Support; 432. Protective plate; 433. Spring; 434. Adapter; 435. Hoses; 436. Connectors; 437. 1. Ultra-far-field nozzle; 438. Soft rope; 439. Float; 5. Far-field protective layer; 51. Far-field gas delivery pipe; 52. Dense air curtain generating nozzle; 53. Medium-sized air curtain generating nozzle; 54. Sparse air curtain generating nozzle; 55. Gas source distributor; 6. Near-field protective layer; 61. Second connecting pipe; 62. Hollow turbulence ring; 63. Near-field nozzle; 71. Support structure; 721. Ultra-far-field velocimeter; 722. Far-field velocimeter; 723. Near-field velocimeter; 73. Scour monitor; 8. Coastline; 10. Seabed. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0018] This invention provides a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system. According to the scour conditions in the water area and the distance from the offshore wind farm, the water area where the offshore wind farm is located includes a near-field area that creates scour conditions for the pile foundation 1 of the offshore wind farm, a far-field area that does not create scour conditions for the pile foundation 1 and is less than a preset distance from the pile foundation 1, and an ultra-far-field area that does not create scour conditions for the pile foundation 1 and is greater than or equal to a preset distance from the pile foundation 1.

[0019] The near-field region is the area where the potential scour pit 2 is located. The potential scour pit 2 refers to the pit formed around the pile foundation 10 by wave erosion due to wave currents when no protective measures are taken. The preset distance can be flexibly set according to the ocean current information and hydrological characteristics of the waters where the offshore wind farm is located, so that the interaction between the flow field in the far-field region and the pile foundation 1 (including the impact of the flow field on the pile foundation 1 and the obstruction effect of the pile foundation 1 on the flow field) is significantly smaller than that in the far-field region. That is, the far-field region is farther away from the potential scour pit 2, and the far-field region is closer to the potential scour pit 2.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: The near-field protective layer 6, the far-field protective layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 are located in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively; the near-field protective layer 6, the far-field protective layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 can all spray gas upwards to form air curtains in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively; The compressed energy storage module 3 is connected to the near-field protection layer 6, the far-field protection layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protection layer 4; When the power generation of the wind farm exceeds the preset power, the compressed energy storage module 3 uses the electrical energy generated by the wind farm to compress the air, uses the compressed air to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer 6, far-field protection layer 5 and ultra-far-field protection layer 4, and stores the remaining compressed air. Alternatively, when the power generation of the wind farm is less than or equal to the preset power, the compressed energy storage module 3 uses the compressed air stored in it to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer 6, the far-field protection layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protection layer 4.

[0021] This embodiment utilizes multiple protective layers to provide multi-level, stepped protection for the ultra-far field, far field, and near field regions, which helps to gradually reduce the wave velocity and thus improve the anti-scouring effect.

[0022] For a single pile foundation 1, the near-field protective layer 6, the far-field protective layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 can be arranged around the pile foundation 1 in sequence from near to far, with the pile foundation 1 as the center, such as... Figure 2 and 3 As shown. For an array of pile foundations 1 consisting of multiple pile foundations 1, a near-field protective layer 6 and a far-field protective layer 5 can be arranged around each pile foundation 1, and an ultra-far-field protective layer 4 can be arranged outside the entire pile foundation 1 array, such as... Figure 1 As shown. At the same time, multiple far-field protection layers 5 or multiple ultra-far-field protection layers 4 can be deployed according to the actual water area occupied by the offshore wind farm to enhance the protection effect.

[0023] When setting up multiple ultra-far-field protection layers 4, the density of their arrangement can be determined based on the actual location of the offshore wind farm. For example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the black arrow outside the ultra-far field protection layer 4 indicates the direction of the incoming flow. The offshore wind farm is simultaneously subjected to the scouring of the wave current moving towards the coastline 8 and the wave current moving away from the coastline 8. At this time, multiple ultra-far field protection layers 4 can be arranged around the offshore wind farm with a dense outer layer and a sparse inner layer, with the side closer to the coastline 8 being denser and the side farther from the coastline 8 being sparser, the layer perpendicular to the direction of the wave current being denser, and the layer parallel to the direction of the wave current being sparser.

[0024] Specifically, the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 includes: The ultra-far field gas pipeline 41 is located in the ultra-far field area, is laid around the pile foundation 1, and is connected to the compression energy storage module 3; the compression energy storage module 3 is used to supply gas to the ultra-far field gas pipeline. Multiple ultra-long-field injection devices are arranged at intervals along the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 and are connected to the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 to inject the gas in the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 upward.

[0025] In this embodiment, the ultra-far field gas pipeline 41 is laid on the seabed 10 in the ultra-far field region. Before the incoming flow reaches the far field region and the near field region and does not have a substantial scouring effect on the pile foundation 1, it forms an air curtain by spraying gas upward to block the incoming flow, reduce the speed of the incoming flow, and weaken the impact force of the incoming flow, thereby achieving the purpose of scouring protection.

[0026] It is understandable that an upward-sprayed air curtain obstructs the incoming flow and does not impact the seabed 10, while a downward-sprayed air curtain directly erodes the seabed 10, thus aggravating the erosion effect. Furthermore, the downward-sprayed air curtain generates a reaction force on the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe 41, directly affecting the installation stability of the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe 41. Therefore, all ultra-far-field spraying devices in this embodiment spray gas upwards.

[0027] However, in practical applications, because the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe 41 is located in the ultra-far-field region, its laying area is huge and its length is long. With the movement of ocean currents, the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe 41 may be partially twisted, causing the nozzles of the ultra-far-field injection devices in the twisted pipe section to point downwards. This results in some ultra-far-field injection devices spraying gas downwards, affecting the protective effect. To avoid this situation, this embodiment is equipped with ultra-far-field injection devices that can always spray gas upwards.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the ultra-long-field jetting device includes: Two protective plates 432 are fitted onto the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41, with their opposite surfaces in contact with each other; each of the opposite surfaces of the two protective plates 432 has a longitudinally penetrating groove, and the two grooves match each other to form a longitudinally penetrating channel between the two protective plates 432. The flexible hose 435 is installed in the channel, with one end inside the channel and connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41, and the other end outside the channel. The ultra-far field nozzle 437 is located at the end of the hose 435 that is away from the ultra-far field gas delivery pipe 41; Float 439 is attached to ultra-far field nozzle 437 and is used to provide buoyancy for ultra-far field nozzle 437.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the hose 435 can be connected to the ultra-far field air supply pipe 41 through the adapter 434; the ultra-far field nozzle 437 can be connected to the hose 435 through the connector 436, which can be a lock, buckle, etc.; the float 439 can be connected to the ultra-far field nozzle 437 through the soft rope 438.

[0030] It is worth noting that, in order to clearly show the location of hose 435, Figure 4 and Figure 5The image shows the state when the two guard plates 432 are not in contact.

[0031] By setting two protective plates 432 and placing the hose 435 in the channel between the two protective plates 432, when the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41 twists, the two protective plates 432 can protect the hose 435, preventing the hose 435 from being squeezed by the soil of the seabed 10. At the same time, since a float 439 is connected to the ultra-far field nozzle 437 at the end of the hose 435, the float 439 provides upward buoyancy to the ultra-far field nozzle 437, enabling the ultra-far field nozzle 437 to drive the hose 435 to move upward through the channel, thereby keeping the ultra-far field nozzle 437 always pointing upward.

[0032] To allow the hose 435 and the ultra-far field nozzle 437 more freedom of movement, a transversely penetrating channel can be added to the opposite surfaces of the two guard plates 432, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. Furthermore, channels at different angles can be opened, and these channels are interconnected at the center of the opposite surfaces of the two protective plates 432. This ensures that even if the torsion angle of the ultra-far field gas pipe 41 does not reach 180° (based on the vertically upward direction of the gas jet of the ultra-far field nozzle 437), as long as it exceeds 90°, the ultra-far field nozzle 437 can still move to the center of the opposite surface under the action of buoyancy, and then enter the upward channel through the center of the opposite surface, thereby keeping its jet direction always upward and effectively preventing the ultra-far field nozzle 437 from being blocked downward.

[0033] Furthermore, the ultra-long-range jetting device also includes: Two supports 431 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41 and fixed on the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41; two protective plates 432 are located between the two supports 431 and can slide along the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41. Two springs 433 are connected between adjacent guard plates 432 and support 431 by a spring 433. When the two guard plates 432 are in contact, the spring 433 is in a compressed state or a natural state.

[0034] In this embodiment, the projection of the support 431 onto the cross-section of the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 is square. Therefore, the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 can be erected on the seabed 10, effectively preventing the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41 from rolling and twisting on the seabed 10, thus enhancing the installation stability of the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe 41. The spring 433 can provide thrust to the guard plate 432, causing the two guard plates 432 to contact and close each other, and ensuring that the force required to close the two guard plates 432 is relatively small. In this way, even if the hose 435 gets stuck in the gap between the two guard plates 432 during movement, it can pass through the gap under the action of buoyancy without being pinched, improving the practicality of the ultra-long-field jetting device.

[0035] Specifically, the far-field protective layer 5 includes: The far-field gas pipeline 51 is located on the seabed 10 in the far-field region and is laid around the pile foundation 1; in this embodiment, the far-field gas pipeline 51 is laid around the outside of the potential scour pit 2. The first connecting pipe 42 has one end connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41 and the other end connected to the far field gas transmission pipe 51 through the gas source distributor 55, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41 to the far field gas transmission pipe 51; in this embodiment, the first connecting pipe 42 is laid under the seabed 10. Multiple far-field nozzles are spaced apart along the far-field gas delivery pipe 51 and connected to the far-field gas delivery pipe 51, and are used to spray the gas in the far-field gas delivery pipe 51 upward.

[0036] Furthermore, the far-field gas transmission pipe 51 includes: Multiple sub-gas pipelines are located on the seabed 10 in the far field area, and surround the pile foundation 1 from near to far with the pile foundation 1 as the center; Each sub-gas pipe is equipped with multiple far-field nozzles at intervals, and the spray force of the far-field nozzles on each sub-gas pipe is different, so that the density of the air curtain formed by the multiple sub-gas pipes distributed from near to far decreases sequentially.

[0037] For example, such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, in this embodiment, three sub-gas pipelines are laid, centered on the pile foundation 1 and extending outwards. The far-field nozzles installed on the three sub-gas pipelines are a dense air curtain generating nozzle 52, a medium-sized air curtain generating nozzle 53, and a sparse air curtain generating nozzle 54. The volume of the bubbles generated by the dense air curtain generating nozzle 52, the medium-sized air curtain generating nozzle 53, and the sparse air curtain generating nozzle 54 increases sequentially, resulting in a sequential decrease in the density of the air curtain.

[0038] By setting up strip-shaped air supply pipes with progressively decreasing air curtain density, the protection method can be flexibly adjusted according to the incoming flow velocity and the protection effect during protection. For example, when the incoming flow velocity is low, only the sparse air curtain generating nozzle 54 can be activated to generate an air curtain with larger bubbles, thereby disturbing the incoming flow velocity. When the incoming flow velocity increases, in addition to activating the sparse air curtain generating nozzle 54, the medium-sized air curtain generating nozzle 53 is activated to generate an air curtain with medium-sized bubbles, thereby creating a double-layer cross-barrier air curtain in the far field region to disturb the incoming flow velocity. When the incoming flow velocity is high, in addition to activating both the sparse air curtain generating nozzle 54 and the medium-sized air curtain generating nozzle 53, the dense air curtain generating nozzle 52 is activated to generate a dense small bubble air curtain, thereby forming a three-layer air curtain protection in the far field region, blocking the impact of wave scouring outside the potential scour pit 2.

[0039] Specifically, the near-field protective layer 6 includes: Multiple hollow turbulence rings 62 are located in the near-field region and are respectively fitted at different heights of the pile foundation 1; The second connecting pipe 61 has one end connected to multiple hollow turbulence rings 62 and the other end connected to the gas source distributor 55, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe 41 to multiple hollow turbulence rings 62. Multiple near-field nozzles 63 are spaced apart along each hollow turbulence ring 62 and are connected to the corresponding hollow turbulence ring 62, for spraying the gas inside the hollow turbulence ring 62 upward.

[0040] In this embodiment, the near-field nozzle 63 generates a dense microbubble curtain.

[0041] By setting up a near-field protective layer 6, the scouring of the seabed in the near-field area by the wave current can be interfered with, and marine organisms can be prevented from attaching to the pile body of the pile foundation 1.

[0042] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the compressed energy storage module 3 can be installed in the central area of ​​the offshore wind farm.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, the compressed energy storage module 3 includes an air compressor 31, a turbine generator 34, an air storage tank 35, a first pipe 321, a second pipe 322, a third pipe 323, a fourth pipe 324 for conveying gas, and a first valve 331 and a second valve 332.

[0044] Specifically, the air compressor 31 is located between the first pipe 321 and the second pipe 322. It obtains air through the first pipe 321, compresses the air using electricity generated by the wind farm, and then stores the compressed air in the air storage tank 35 through the second pipe 322. The fourth pipe 324 is connected to the air storage tank 35, and the turbine generator 34 is installed on the fourth pipe 324. One end of the third pipe 323 is connected to the output end of the air compressor 31, and the other end is connected to the fourth pipe 324, so that the turbine generator 34 is located between the third pipe 323 and the air storage tank 35. The turbine generator 34 can generate electricity using the compressed air in the air storage tank 35. The first valve 331 is installed on the third pipe 323, and the second valve 332 is installed on the fourth pipe 324 and located between the third pipe 323 and the turbine generator 34. The first valve 331 and the second valve 332 are used to regulate the flow of gas.

[0045] There are two ways for the compressed air storage module 3 to supply air to the near-field protection layer 6, the far-field protection layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protection layer 4: supplying air during compressed air energy storage and supplying air during power generation. The former utilizes surplus energy for air supply when wind and waves are large, while the latter utilizes the energy storage device to generate air for air supply when wind and waves are small. Details are as follows: 1) Gas supply during compressed air energy storage.

[0046] When facing severe weather with large waves, air is transported to the air compressor 31 through the first pipe 321, where it is compressed. Due to the increased electrical power generated by the offshore wind turbines during periods of high waves, and the more intense wave scouring, the first valve 331 is opened and the second valve 332 is closed. This allows the air compressor 31 to utilize its surplus electrical energy to generate more compressed air. A portion of this compressed air is stored in the air storage tank 35 through the second pipe 322, while the remaining portion is directly supplied to at least one of the near-field protection layer 6, the far-field protection layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protection layer 4 through the third pipe 323 and the fourth pipe 324 to create an air curtain for scouring protection. When the air storage tank 35 reaches its maximum capacity, the air compressor 31 supplies all of its compressed air to the corresponding protection layer.

[0047] 2) Gas supply during power generation.

[0048] When the waves are low, the power generation of the offshore wind farm is at its lowest point, and the scouring effect of the waves is also less. At this time, the compressed air stored in the air storage tank 35 is fed into the turbine generator 34 through the fourth pipe 324 for secondary power generation, supplementing the grid power of the entire offshore wind farm and stabilizing the power generation of the offshore wind farm. At the same time, the second valve 332 is opened, and the compressed gas discharged from the turbine generator 34 after generating electricity is supplied through the fourth pipe 324 to at least one of the near-field protection layer 6, the far-field protection layer 5, and the ultra-far-field protection layer 4 to maintain the air curtain to ensure scouring protection of the foundation and prevent nozzle clogging.

[0049] This embodiment, by setting up a compressed energy storage module 3, can increase the gas supply to strengthen protection when severe weather causes intense scouring, or decrease the gas supply to maintain basic protection when the wind and waves are small and the scouring effect is slight, thus achieving mutual adaptation between protection needs and gas supply capacity.

[0050] Specifically, the system also includes: The monitoring module, set up in the water, is used to monitor the first, second, and third flow velocities of the ultra-far field protective layer 4, the far field protective layer 5, and the near field protective layer 6 on the side away from the pile foundation 1, as well as the descent rate of the seabed 10 in the near field area. The control module is used to determine the preset flow velocity that forms scour conditions on the pile foundation 1, and according to the preset flow velocity, the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, the third flow velocity and the descent speed, control the compression energy storage module 3 and the gas source distributor 55 to supply gas to at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer 4, the far field protection layer 5 and the near field protection layer 6, so as to activate at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer 4, the far field protection layer 5 and the near field protection layer 6.

[0051] In this embodiment, the gas source distributor 55 can be used to open and close the gas path of the far-field protection layer 5 and the near-field protection layer 6. Therefore, by controlling the gas source distributor 55, the gas path can be switched to control the compressed energy storage module 3 to supply gas to the designated protection layer.

[0052] In this embodiment, the monitoring module includes multiple ultra-far-field velocimeters 721, multiple far-field velocimeters 722, and multiple near-field velocimeters 723. The ultra-far-field velocimeters 721, far-field velocimeters 722, and near-field velocimeters 723 are respectively installed on the side of the ultra-far-field protective layer 4, far-field protective layer 5, and near-field protective layer 6 away from the pile foundation 1, and are used to measure the flow velocity at their respective locations, thereby obtaining a first flow velocity, a second flow velocity, and a third flow velocity.

[0053] Meanwhile, the monitoring module also includes a scour monitor 73, which is installed above the pile foundation 1 to monitor the rate of decrease in the depth of the seabed 10 in the near field area (i.e., the rate of decrease in the depth of the potential scour pit 2).

[0054] In this embodiment, a support structure 71 is set on the pile foundation 1, and a scour monitor 73 is set on the support structure 71.

[0055] Specifically, when the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the control module activates the ultra-far field protection layer 4, causing the ultra-far field protection layer 4 to generate an air curtain until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when the ultra-far field protective layer 4 reaches its maximum protective capacity and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far field protective layer 5 is activated, so that the ultra-far field protective layer 4 and the far field protective layer 5 generate an air curtain simultaneously until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 and the far-field protective layer 5 reach their maximum protective capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protective layer 6 is activated, causing the ultra-far-field protective layer 4, the far-field protective layer 5, and the near-field protective layer 6 to simultaneously generate an air curtain until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

[0056] A descent rate less than the preset rate indicates that potential scour pit 2 is no longer developing.

[0057] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection method, the method comprising: S1. A scour protection system is deployed in the waters where the offshore wind farm is located. The scour protection system is any of the wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection systems described above. S2. Using the monitoring module of the scour protection system, obtain the first flow velocity, second flow velocity, and third flow velocity of the ultra-far field protection layer 4, far field protection layer 5, and near field protection layer 6 on the side away from the pile foundation 1, respectively, as well as the descent rate of the seabed 10 in the near field region. S3. Use the control module of the scour protection system to determine the preset flow velocity that forms the scour condition for the pile foundation 1, and when the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, activate the ultra-far field protection layer 4 so that the ultra-far field protection layer 4 generates an air curtain until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when the ultra-far field protective layer 4 reaches its maximum protective capacity and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far field protective layer 5 is activated, so that the ultra-far field protective layer 4 and the far field protective layer 5 generate an air curtain simultaneously until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protective layer 4 and the far-field protective layer 5 reach their maximum protective capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protective layer 6 is activated, causing the ultra-far-field protective layer 4, the far-field protective layer 5, and the near-field protective layer 6 to simultaneously generate an air curtain until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

[0058] This embodiment utilizes multiple protective layers to provide multi-level, stepped protection for the ultra-far field, far field, and near field regions. This facilitates a gradual reduction in wave velocity, thereby improving the anti-scouring effect. Furthermore, by incorporating a compressed energy storage module 3, the gas supply can be increased to strengthen protection when severe weather causes intense scouring, or decreased to maintain basic protection when wind and waves are gentle and scouring is mild. This achieves a balance between protection requirements and gas supply capacity, avoiding a mismatch between the two. Simultaneously, this embodiment monitors the changes in peripheral flow velocity and potential scouring pit depth 2 of the ultra-far field protective layer 4, far field protective layer 5, and near field protective layer 6. The control module then supplies gas to at least one of these layers in a timely manner, resulting in more comprehensive protection, a more stable protection process, and significantly improved scouring protection effectiveness.

[0059] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system, characterized in that, The offshore wind farm's location water area includes a near-field region that creates scour conditions for the pile foundations of the offshore wind farm, a far-field region where the scour conditions are not created and the distance from the pile foundations is less than a preset distance, and an ultra-far-field region where the scour conditions are not created and the distance from the pile foundations is greater than or equal to the preset distance. The system includes: A near-field protective layer, a far-field protective layer, and an ultra-far-field protective layer are located in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively, and can spray gas upwards to form an air curtain in the near-field region, the far-field region, and the ultra-far-field region, respectively; A compressed energy storage module is connected to the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer, and the ultra-far-field protection layer; When the power generation of the wind farm is greater than the preset power, the compressed energy storage module uses the electrical energy generated by the wind farm to compress the air, uses the compressed air to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer and the ultra-far-field protection layer, and stores the remaining compressed air. Alternatively, when the power generation of the wind farm is less than or equal to the preset power, the compressed energy storage module uses the compressed air it stores to supply air to at least one of the near-field protection layer, the far-field protection layer, and the ultra-far-field protection layer.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-far-field protective layer includes: An ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe is located in the ultra-far-field region, is laid around the pile foundation, and is connected to the compressed energy storage module; the compressed energy storage module is used to supply gas to the ultra-far-field gas transmission pipe. Multiple ultra-long-field injection devices are arranged at intervals along the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe and are connected to the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe, for injecting gas in the ultra-long-field gas transmission pipe upward.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultra-long-field jetting device includes: Two protective plates are fitted onto the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe, with their opposite surfaces in contact with each other; each of the two protective plates has a longitudinally penetrating groove on its opposite surface, and the two grooves match each other to form a longitudinally penetrating channel between the two protective plates. A flexible hose is inserted into the channel, with one end located inside the channel and connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe, and the other end located outside the channel; An ultra-far field nozzle is disposed at the end of the hose furthest from the ultra-far field gas delivery pipe; A float, attached to the far-field nozzle, is used to provide buoyancy to the far-field nozzle.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ultra-long-field jetting device also includes: Two supports are spaced apart along the axial direction of the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe and fixed on the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe; two protective plates are located between the two supports and can slide along the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe. Two springs are connected between adjacent guard plates and supports. When the two guard plates are in contact, the springs are either in a compressed state or in a free state.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The far-field protective layer includes: A far-field gas transmission pipeline is located in the far-field region and is laid around the pile foundation; The first connecting pipe has one end connected to the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe and the other end connected to the far field gas transmission pipe through a gas source distributor, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe to the far field gas transmission pipe. Multiple far-field nozzles are spaced apart along the far-field gas delivery pipe and are connected to the far-field gas delivery pipe, used to spray the gas in the far-field gas delivery pipe upward.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The far-field gas transmission pipeline includes: Multiple sub-gas pipelines are located in the far-field region and surround the pile foundation from near to far, with the pile foundation as the center. Each sub-gas pipe is equipped with multiple far-field nozzles at intervals, and the spray force of the far-field nozzles on each sub-gas pipe is different, so that the density of the air curtain formed by the multiple sub-gas pipes distributed from near to far decreases sequentially.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The near-field protective layer includes: Multiple hollow turbulence rings are located in the near-field region and are respectively fitted at different heights of the pile foundation; The second connecting pipe has one end connected to the plurality of hollow turbulence rings and the other end connected to the gas source distributor, and is used to transport the gas in the ultra-far field gas transmission pipe to the plurality of hollow turbulence rings. Multiple near-field nozzles are spaced apart along each hollow turbulence ring and are connected to the corresponding hollow turbulence ring, used to spray the gas inside the hollow turbulence ring upward.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: A monitoring module is installed in the water area to monitor the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, and the third flow velocity of the ultra-far field protective layer, the far field protective layer, and the near field protective layer on the side away from the pile foundation, respectively, as well as the rate of decrease in seabed depth in the near field area; The control module is used to determine a preset flow velocity that forms the scouring conditions for the pile foundation, and to control the compressed energy storage module to supply air to at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer and the near field protection layer according to the preset flow velocity, the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, the third flow velocity and the descent velocity, so as to activate at least one of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer and the near field protection layer.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the control module activates the ultra-far field protection layer until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when the far-field protection layer reaches its maximum protection capability and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far-field protection layer is activated until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protective layer and the far-field protective layer reach their maximum protective capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protective layer is activated until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

10. A wind-storage complementary air curtain-type offshore wind farm scour protection method, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. A scour protection system is deployed in the waters where the offshore wind farm is located, wherein the scour protection system is the wind-storage complementary air curtain type offshore wind farm scour protection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9. S2. Using the monitoring module of the scour protection system, obtain the first flow velocity, the second flow velocity, and the third flow velocity of the ultra-far field protection layer, the far field protection layer, and the near field protection layer on the side away from the pile foundation, respectively, as well as the rate of decrease in seabed depth in the near field region; S3. Use the control module of the scour protection system to determine the preset flow velocity that forms the scour condition of the pile foundation, and activate the ultra-far field protection layer when the first flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, until the second flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when the ultra-far-field protection layer reaches its maximum protection capability and the second flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the far-field protection layer is activated until the third flow velocity is less than or equal to the preset flow velocity. Alternatively, when both the ultra-far-field protection layer and the far-field protection layer reach their maximum protection capabilities, and the third flow velocity is greater than the preset flow velocity, the near-field protection layer is activated until the descent velocity is less than the preset velocity.

Images