A surface treatment method for a pollution prevention layer for improving the cleanliness of a marine wind power foundation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a surface treatment method for preventing fouling and protecting the surface of a marine wind power foundation, which adopts a surface pretreatment process combining electrolytic degreasing and sand blasting rust removal, and is matched with high-performance epoxy primer containing antifouling agent and fluorocarbon topcoat to construct a dense, stable and low-surface-energy composite coating system with ion release function, thereby forming a long-term effective physical and chemical barrier on the surface of the marine wind power foundation, significantly improving its antifouling, anticorrosion and erosion resistance performance, effectively inhibiting the attachment and accumulation of marine organisms, and ultimately achieving the comprehensive effect of prolonging the maintenance cycle of the wind power foundation, reducing operation and maintenance cost and ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of the structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antifouling technology in marine engineering, and in particular to a surface treatment method for an antifouling protective layer that improves the cleanliness of offshore wind power foundations. Background Technology

[0002] Engineering structures that operate in marine environments for extended periods inevitably experience biofouling and fouling on their submerged surfaces. Biofouling not only significantly increases the hydrodynamic load on the structure and accelerates material corrosion, but it can also affect the normal operation of underwater sensors and other equipment.

[0003] Currently, one of the mainstream antifouling measures is the use of biocidal antifouling coatings. These coatings kill attached marine organisms by releasing toxic substances, but this mechanism not only pollutes the marine ecosystem, but also limits their antifouling effectiveness due to the depletion of active substances.

[0004] Another commonly used technology is fouling-releasing coatings such as silicone-based coatings. These coatings utilize their low surface energy to reduce the adhesion strength of organisms. However, their effectiveness in removing fouling depends heavily on the shear force generated by sufficiently high water flow velocities. Therefore, their antifouling performance is significantly reduced in static or low-flowing waters such as ports and bays. When the above antifouling measures are ineffective or fail, costly underwater machinery or manual operations must be used for cleanup.

[0005] It is evident that existing pollution prevention technologies generally pose potential environmental pollution risks, or their application scenarios are strictly limited by hydrological conditions, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve both environmental friendliness and effectiveness under all operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first aspect of this disclosure provides a surface treatment method for an antifouling protective layer to improve the cleanliness of offshore wind turbine foundations, comprising the following steps: S1. Apply an initiator-modified epoxy primer to the surface of the steel structure substrate; S2. On the surface of the initiator-modified epoxy primer, a bifunctional polymer brush is formed by graft growth through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bifunctional polymer brush is polymerized from redox-active amphiphilic monomers. S3. Activate the closed-loop adaptive decontamination system with biosignal feedback integrated into the steel structure substrate. The system operation includes continuously monitoring the surface of the dual-functional polymer brush through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, comparing the monitoring results with a preset contamination judgment threshold, and automatically activating the active decontamination program when the monitoring results reach the contamination judgment threshold. By applying a square wave voltage pulse to the dual-functional polymer brush, the dual-functional polymer brush is driven to undergo electro-induced conformational reversal, thereby achieving surface cleaning.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, the dry film thickness of the initiator-modified epoxy primer is 80-120 μm.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the initiator-modified epoxy primer is prepared by mixing bisphenol A type epoxy resin and polyamide curing agent at a mass ratio of 100:50, and adding (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane, wherein the amount of (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane added is 2-5% of the total mass of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin and the polyamide curing agent.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in step S2, the reaction temperature for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization is 60-80°C, and the reaction time is 12-24 hours. The molar ratio of the redox-active amphiphilic monomer, cuprous bromide (I) as a catalyst, and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a ligand is [100-300]:1:2.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, the redox-active amphiphilic monomer is N-(6-methacryloyloxyhexyl)ferrocene carbamide.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in step S3, the monitoring parameters of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are: applying a sinusoidal AC voltage with an amplitude of 5-15mV, and scanning a frequency range of 100kHz to 0.05Hz.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, the contamination determination threshold is: the charge transfer resistance value obtained by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis increases by more than 150-300% compared to the baseline value of the initial clean state.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in the active removal procedure, the applied potential of the square wave voltage pulse switches between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl), and the duration of each potential plateau is 30-90 seconds.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in the active removal procedure, the square wave voltage pulse is applied cyclically 2-5 times.

[0015] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a closed-loop adaptive deportation system based on biosignal feedback, the system comprising: A steel structure substrate, the surface of which has a bifunctional polymer brush grafted by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization; An electrode system includes a working electrode with the steel structure substrate as the working electrode and a counter electrode disposed outside the steel structure substrate; A control unit, electrically connected to the electrode system, includes the following internal components: An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis module is configured to apply an AC signal to the electrode system and acquire electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data of the surface of the bifunctional polymer brush. The data processing module is configured to compare and determine the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data with a preset fouling determination threshold. The potentiostat module is configured to apply a preset square wave voltage pulse to the electrode system when the data processing module determines that the monitoring result has reached the contamination determination threshold.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This disclosure provides a surface treatment method for improving the cleanliness of offshore wind turbine foundations by employing a surface pretreatment process that combines electrolytic degreasing with sandblasting for rust removal. This is followed by coating with a high-performance epoxy primer containing an antifouling agent and a fluorocarbon topcoat. This creates a dense, stable composite coating system with low surface energy and ion slow-release function, forming a long-term effective physical and chemical barrier on the surface of the offshore wind turbine foundation. This significantly improves its antifouling, anti-corrosion, and erosion resistance, effectively inhibiting marine organism attachment and fouling accumulation. Ultimately, this achieves the comprehensive effect of extending the maintenance cycle of the wind turbine foundation, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a surface treatment method for improving the cleanliness of offshore wind power foundations according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface treatment system for an antifouling protective layer to improve the cleanliness of offshore wind power foundations, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those disclosed herein.

[0019] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a surface treatment method for improving the cleanliness of antifouling protective layers of offshore wind turbine foundations according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including: S1. Apply an initiator-modified epoxy primer to the surface of the steel structure substrate; The initiator-modified epoxy primer is prepared by mixing bisphenol A type epoxy resin and polyamide curing agent at a mass ratio of 100:50, and adding (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane. The amount of (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane added is 2-5% of the total mass of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin and the polyamide curing agent.

[0021] S1 is achieved by coating a steel structural substrate with an "initiator-modified epoxy primer". This primer is based on a classic and highly adhesive bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyamide curing agent system, ensuring a strong mechanical and chemical bond between the coating and the steel substrate. The key lies in the added (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane, which acts as a "bridge": the trimethoxysilane group at one end hydrolyzes and forms a strong Si-O-Me covalent bond with the metal surface, while the 2-bromoisobutyramide group at the other end is a highly efficient atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiation site. Thus, this primer not only provides a traditional physical barrier against corrosion, but more importantly, it firmly anchors a large amount of ATRP initiator to the substrate surface in covalent form, laying the chemical foundation for the subsequent grafting of polymers.

[0022] S2. On the surface of the initiator-modified epoxy primer, a bifunctional polymer brush is formed by graft growth through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bifunctional polymer brush is polymerized from redox-active amphiphilic monomers. The surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-80℃ for 12-24 hours. The molar ratio of the redox-active amphiphilic monomer, cuprous bromide (I) as a catalyst, and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a ligand is [100-300]:1:2.

[0023] The redox-active amphiphilic monomer is N-(6-methacryloyloxyhexyl)ferrocene carbamide.

[0024] Step S2 aims to grow a functional polymer molecular brush on the initiator primer prepared in step S1 using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This is achieved by immersing a sample coated with the initiator primer into a reaction solution containing N-(6-methacryloyloxyhexyl)ferrocene carbamide monomer, cuprous bromide (I) catalyst, and PMDETA ligand. Under a heating environment of 60-80°C, the brominated initiation sites immobilized on the primer surface are activated by the catalyst, thereby "capturing" surrounding bifunctional monomer molecules and covalently linking them one by one to form a long-chain polymer, firmly anchoring it to the primer surface. This bifunctional polymer brush, composed of redox-active ferrocene groups and hydrophilic amide / ester groups, is the key active layer for achieving intelligent antifouling functionality.

[0025] S3. Activate the closed-loop adaptive decontamination system with biosignal feedback integrated into the steel structure substrate. The system operation includes continuously monitoring the surface of the dual-functional polymer brush through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, comparing the monitoring results with a preset contamination judgment threshold, and automatically activating the active decontamination program when the monitoring results reach the contamination judgment threshold. By applying a square wave voltage pulse to the dual-functional polymer brush, the dual-functional polymer brush is driven to undergo electro-induced conformational reversal, thereby achieving surface cleaning.

[0026] The monitoring parameters for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are: applying a sinusoidal AC voltage with an amplitude of 5-15mV, and scanning a frequency range of 100kHz to 0.05Hz.

[0027] The contamination determination threshold is: the charge transfer resistance value obtained by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis increases by more than 150-300% compared to the baseline value of the initial clean state.

[0028] In the active removal procedure, the applied potential of the square wave voltage pulse switches between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl), and the duration of each potential plateau is 30-90 seconds.

[0029] In the active removal procedure, the square wave voltage pulse is applied 2-5 times in a loop.

[0030] Step S3 uses an integrated sensor on a steel substrate to continuously monitor the bifunctional polymer brush on the surface using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The working principle is that when microorganisms or organisms begin to attach and form a biofilm, they hinder ion and charge transport on the polymer brush surface, resulting in a significant increase in the monitored charge transfer resistance.

[0031] The system automatically compares this real-time monitoring result with a preset contamination threshold (i.e., a resistance increase of more than 150-300% compared to the initial clean state). Once contamination is detected, the system immediately triggers an active decontamination procedure. This procedure drives a reversible redox reaction in the ferrocene groups of the polymer chain by applying a square wave voltage pulse switching between -0.1V and +0.5V (relative to the Ag / AgCl reference electrode) to the bifunctional polymer brush.

[0032] When ferrocene groups gain or lose electrons, their hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity change drastically, causing the entire polymer molecular chain to undergo rapid extension and contraction conformational flipping. This intense movement at the microscopic level is enough to mechanically "shake off" or "shake off" loosely attached early-stage fouling organisms from the surface, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the surface.

[0033] After completing a decontamination cycle (which typically lasts several minutes), the system resumes monitoring to prepare for the next contamination challenge, thus forming a complete intelligent closed loop of "monitoring-judgment-decontamination-reset".

[0034] For example, S1, applying an initiator-modified epoxy primer to the surface of the steel structure substrate: Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (component A) and polyamide curing agent (component B) were mixed at a mass ratio of 100:50. Under mechanical stirring, (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane was added to the mixture at a concentration of 3.5% of the total mass of components A and B. Stirring was continued for 20 minutes to form an initiator-modified epoxy primer. This primer was then uniformly applied to the surface of a sandblasted (Sa2.5 grade) Q235 steel structural substrate using high-pressure airless spraying, controlling the dry film thickness to 100 μm. Curing was carried out at 25°C for 72 hours.

[0035] S2. On the surface of the initiator-modified epoxy primer, a bifunctional polymer brush is formed by graft growth through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bifunctional polymer brush is polymerized from redox-active amphiphilic monomers. S21: Synthesis of intermediate N-(6-hydroxyhexyl)ferroceneamide: In a 500 mL three-necked flask, ferrocene (23.0 g, 0.1 mol), 6-amino-1-hexanol (13.0 g, 0.11 mol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.2 g, 0.01 mol) were added. 250 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane was added as a solvent, and the mixture was magnetically stirred in an ice-water bath at 0–5 °C. N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (22.7 g, 0.11 mol), dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane, was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. After the addition was complete, the ice bath was removed, and the reaction was stirred continuously at 20–25 °C for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, byproducts were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation. Purification was performed by column chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate / n-hexane as the eluent, yielding an orange-red solid powder.

[0036] S22: Synthesis of the target monomer N-(6-methacryloyloxyhexyl)ferroceneamide: The intermediate synthesized in step S1 (32.9 g, 0.1 mol) and triethylamine (15.2 g, 0.15 mol) were dissolved in 250 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and placed in a three-necked flask under nitrogen protection. The reaction system was placed in an ice-water bath at 0–5 °C. Methacrylamide chloride (12.5 g, 0.12 mol) was dissolved in 50 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and slowly added dropwise with stirring. After the addition was complete, the reaction was continued at 0–5 °C for 2 hours, and then the temperature was raised to 20–25 °C for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was rotary evaporated, washed, dried, and recrystallized from ethyl acetate / n-hexane to obtain the target monomer.

[0037] S23: In a Schlenk flask, add the redox-active amphiphilic monomer prepared in step S21, cuprous bromide (I), and N,N,N\prime,N\pprime,N\pprime-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in a molar ratio of 200:1:2. Add a mixed solvent of anisole / methanol (volume ratio 4:1) to bring the monomer concentration to 1.0 M. Perform three standard freeze-vacuum-thaw cycles on the reaction solution.

[0038] The substrate with the initiator primer prepared in step S22 was placed in a nitrogen-filled reactor, and a deoxygenated reaction solution was injected. The reactor was sealed, and the reaction was carried out at 70°C for 18 hours. After the reaction was completed, the substrate was removed and ultrasonically cleaned sequentially in tetrahydrofuran and methanol, and then dried with nitrogen. The bifunctional polymer brush was finally obtained.

[0039] S3. Activate the closed-loop adaptive decontamination system with biosignal feedback integrated into the steel structure substrate. The system operation includes continuously monitoring the surface of the dual-functional polymer brush through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, comparing the monitoring results with a preset contamination judgment threshold, and automatically activating the active decontamination program when the monitoring results reach the contamination judgment threshold. By applying a square wave voltage pulse to the dual-functional polymer brush, the dual-functional polymer brush is driven to undergo electro-induced conformational reversal, thereby achieving surface cleaning.

[0040] S31: The bifunctional polymer brush obtained above was completely immersed in an electrolytic cell containing 500 mL of artificial seawater, and the same concentration of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* was inoculated into the electrolytic cell to achieve a final concentration of 10^6 cells / mL. All electrolytic cells were incubated at 25°C for 72 hours to allow a uniform initial biofilm to form on their surfaces.

[0041] S32: After cultivation, remove the sample and gently rinse it with sterile seawater to remove any unattached bacterial solution. Then, perform an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test and record the charge transfer resistance value. .

[0042] S33: The bifunctional polymer brush obtained above was used as the working electrode and placed in sterile seawater together with the platinum counter electrode and the Ag / AgCl reference electrode. Using a potentiostat, a square wave voltage pulse was applied between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl), with each potential plateau lasting 60 seconds, and the cycle was repeated 3 times; S34: After the program finishes execution, test the dual-function polymer brush again and record the charge transfer resistance value at this time. .

[0043] S35: Based on the initial charge transfer resistance value Value after soiling and post-expulsion value Its cleaning efficiency can be calculated using the following formula: .

[0044] Specifically, the system first uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to continuously monitor the surface of the grafted "bifunctional polymer brush" in S2. The principle is that when marine microorganisms or larvae begin to attach and form a biofilm, it significantly hinders ion and charge transport between the polymer brush surface and the electrolyte (seawater). This change is directly reflected in an increase in the "charge transfer resistance" in the EIS. The system automatically compares this real-time monitored resistance value with a baseline value established under initial cleaning conditions. Once it determines that the increase in the current resistance value exceeds a preset fouling threshold (e.g., 150%-300%), indicating that significant biofouling has occurred on the surface, the system immediately and automatically initiates an "active repellency procedure."

[0045] The core of this procedure is to apply a square-wave voltage pulse that cycles periodically between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl) to the entire coating system (from the conductive substrate in S1 to the polymer brush in S2). This specific potential window is designed to precisely trigger the reversible redox reaction in the polymer's side chains—ferrocene groups—during step S2.

[0046] At low potentials (-0.1V), the ferrocene groups are in a neutral, hydrophobic state, and the polymer chains may exhibit a coiled conformation. However, at high potentials (+0.5V), the ferrocene groups are oxidized to hydrophilic ferrocene cations. This drastic change in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, along with the electrostatic repulsion between the groups, drives the entire polymer molecular chain to undergo rapid, macroscopic conformational changes resembling "breathing" or "peristalsis." This continuous and intense surface movement at the microscale generates sufficient mechanical force to effectively peel away and repel loosely attached early-stage fouling organisms from the interface, thereby achieving surface self-cleaning.

[0047] After completing several cycles of voltage pulse deactivation, the system returns to the monitoring state, forming a complete intelligent closed loop of "perception-judgment-action-reset", thereby achieving long-term, proactive and low-energy pollution protection for offshore wind power foundations.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a surface treatment system for an antifouling protective layer to improve the cleanliness of offshore wind turbine foundations, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including: The steel structure substrate 210 has a bifunctional polymer brush grafted by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on its surface. The physical basis of the system is a steel structure substrate 210, on which a bifunctional polymer brush is covalently grafted using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) technology. This polymer brush is the "sensitive skin" and "actuator" of the entire system. It can sense dirt through changes in its electrochemical state and achieve cleaning by undergoing conformational inversion under an applied electric field.

[0049] Electrode system 220 includes a working electrode with the steel structure substrate as the working electrode and a counter electrode disposed outside the steel structure substrate; Electrode system 220 is a key component for electrochemical monitoring and actuation. It employs a classic three-electrode configuration but with ingenious integration: the steel substrate itself serves directly as the working electrode. This means the intelligent polymer brush grows on the working electrode, allowing any electrical signal applied to it to act directly and efficiently on the polymer brush. Simultaneously, a counter electrode (typically forming a three-electrode system together with a reference electrode) is positioned externally on the steel structure to create a complete current loop. This design significantly simplifies the deployment of the system on complex offshore structures.

[0050] Control unit 230, electrically connected to the electrode system, the control unit internally comprising: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis module 2301 is configured to apply an AC signal to the electrode system and acquire electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data of the surface of the bifunctional polymer brush. This module continuously applies a weak sinusoidal AC signal (e.g., 5-15mV) to the electrode system and collects impedance data fed back from the steel substrate / polymer brush interface. This process is like continuously performing an "electrocardiogram" on the surface, allowing for non-destructive monitoring of subtle changes in interfacial charge transfer capabilities caused by microbial attachment and biofilm formation.

[0051] Data processing module 2302 is configured to compare and determine the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data with a preset contamination determination threshold; This module receives real-time impedance data from the analysis module and extracts the key parameter—charge transfer resistance—using built-in algorithms (such as fitting an equivalent circuit). It then compares this real-time value with a preset contamination threshold (e.g., a resistance value exceeding 150% of the initial cleaning value). Once the threshold is exceeded, contamination is determined to have occurred, and a cleaning process needs to be initiated.

[0052] The potentiostat module 2303 is configured to apply a preset square wave voltage pulse to the electrode system when the data processing module determines that the monitoring result has reached the contamination determination threshold.

[0053] Upon receiving the "clean" command from the data processing module, the module immediately activates, applying a pre-set square wave voltage pulse to the electrode system. This square wave potential switches between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl), precisely triggering a reversible redox reaction in the ferrocene groups of the polymer brush. This drives a violent conformational flip in the polymer chains, mechanically stripping away the attached biofouling.

[0054] In the embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / electronic devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / electronic device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0055] If an integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program may include computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. A computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in a computer-readable medium may be appropriately added to or subtracted according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in a jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media may not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, and should all be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A surface treatment method for an antifouling protective layer to improve the cleanliness of offshore wind turbine foundations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Apply an initiator-modified epoxy primer to the surface of the steel structure substrate; S2. On the surface of the initiator-modified epoxy primer, a bifunctional polymer brush is formed by graft growth through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bifunctional polymer brush is polymerized from redox-active amphiphilic monomers. S3. Activate the closed-loop adaptive decontamination system with biosignal feedback integrated into the steel structure substrate. The system operation includes continuously monitoring the surface of the dual-functional polymer brush through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, comparing the monitoring results with a preset contamination judgment threshold, and automatically activating the active decontamination program when the monitoring results reach the contamination judgment threshold. By applying a square wave voltage pulse to the dual-functional polymer brush, the dual-functional polymer brush is driven to undergo electro-induced conformational reversal, thereby achieving surface cleaning.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry film thickness of the initiator-modified epoxy primer is 80-120 μm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initiator-modified epoxy primer is prepared by mixing bisphenol A type epoxy resin and polyamide curing agent at a mass ratio of 100:50, and adding (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane. The amount of (3-(2-bromoisobutyramide)propyl)trimethoxysilane added is 2-5% of the total mass of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin and the polyamide curing agent.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 12-24 hours. The molar ratio of the redox-active amphiphilic monomer, cuprous bromide (I) as a catalyst, and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a ligand is [100-300]:1:

2.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The redox-active amphiphilic monomer is N-(6-methacryloyloxyhexyl)ferrocene carbamide.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the monitoring parameters for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are: applying a sinusoidal AC voltage with an amplitude of 5-15mV, and scanning a frequency range of 100kHz to 0.05Hz.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The contamination determination threshold is: the charge transfer resistance value obtained by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis increases by more than 150-300% compared to the baseline value of the initial clean state.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the active removal procedure, the applied potential of the square wave voltage pulse switches between -0.1V and +0.5V (vs. Ag / AgCl), and the duration of each potential plateau is 30-90 seconds.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the active removal procedure, the square wave voltage pulse is applied 2-5 times in a loop.

10. A closed-loop adaptive deportation system with biosignal feedback, used to execute the method of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The system includes: A steel structure substrate, the surface of which has a bifunctional polymer brush grafted by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization; An electrode system includes a working electrode with the steel structure substrate as the working electrode and a counter electrode disposed outside the steel structure substrate; A control unit, electrically connected to the electrode system, includes the following internal components: An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis module is configured to apply an AC signal to the electrode system and acquire electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data of the surface of the bifunctional polymer brush. The data processing module is configured to compare and determine the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data with a preset fouling determination threshold. The potentiostat module is configured to apply a preset square wave voltage pulse to the electrode system when the data processing module determines that the monitoring result has reached the contamination determination threshold.

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