A safety control-based state perception method and system for a hydropower station

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of control methods, specifically to a state perception method and system for a hydropower station based on safety control. The method includes: a control center receiving real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and real-time temperature of the stator winding; the control center determining whether the turbine unit meets preset vibration suppression control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature; and in response to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions, the control center determining the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature and controlling the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operations, which deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. This invention intelligently adjusts the flow rate of the cooling water system by determining the vibration suppression conditions based on the difference between the vibration amplitude and temperature, thereby improving the system's adaptability and effectively preventing equipment damage caused by overheating or vibration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of control method technology, specifically to a state perception method and system for hydropower stations based on safety control. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional methods often rely on periodic inspections and manual patrols, which cannot achieve real-time monitoring of equipment status. This makes it difficult to detect potential faults and abnormalities in a timely manner, increasing the risk of accidents. Due to the lack of an efficient monitoring system, traditional methods often cannot take effective measures quickly when encountering equipment faults or abnormalities, delaying fault handling time and potentially leading to more serious damage and downtime. Furthermore, the adjustment of traditional cooling systems is often fixed, and the flow rate cannot be adjusted in a timely manner according to the actual equipment status, which can easily cause overheating or failure to effectively suppress vibration, thereby affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

[0003] Furthermore, many traditional methods lack a robust emergency braking mechanism; when equipment malfunctions, braking measures are often not activated quickly, increasing safety hazards during operation; and traditional methods typically rely on experience and regular inspections to assess equipment health, lacking a data-driven dynamic assessment mechanism, making it difficult to update health assessments in a timely manner, which may lead to unreasonable maintenance decisions; and because traditional generator management lacks precise control methods, it is difficult to optimize the operating parameters of the excitation system and braking device, resulting in the inability to improve overall power generation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control, applied to a hydropower station monitoring system. The hydropower station monitoring system includes a control center, a turbine generator, a governor, an excitation system, a cooling water system, a braking device, a pressure pulsation monitoring branch, and a vibration monitoring branch. The turbine generator includes a runner and a stator. The governor is equipped with a guide vane opening adjustment device. The braking device is located downstream of the turbine generator and upstream of the cooling water system. The method comprises: The control center receives the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. The control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. In response to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions, the control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. The control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value; In response to the start of the excitation system, the control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

[0005] Preferably, the method further includes: The control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value. In response to the turbine unit meeting the emergency braking control conditions, the control center determines the first action parameter of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value. The first action parameter is used to indicate the duration of the brake being engaged. The control center controls the braking device to perform the first mechanical braking operation based on the first action parameters. The first mechanical braking operation is used to lock the main shaft with the brake. The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and judges whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value; In response to the failure of the coupling effect to meet the standard, the control center adjusts the locking pressure of the braking device based on the difference between the pressure pulsation value and the preset pulsation threshold, and re-collects the turbine swing value. In response to the coupling effect meeting the standard, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit speed at this time; In response to the turbine unit meeting the shutdown conditions, the control center determines the second action parameters of the braking device based on the unit speed value at this time, and controls the braking device to perform the second mechanical braking operation, which is used to assist the speed to zero. The control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is executed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual. In response to shutting down the cooling water system, the control center updates the health assessment level of the turbine unit based on the final vibration residual and sends the updated health assessment level to the control center's storage unit for use in the next control cycle.

[0006] Preferably, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value, including: The control center calculates the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value to obtain the thermal vibration difference. Determine whether the thermal vibration difference is greater than the preset thermal vibration start threshold; When the thermal vibration difference is greater than the thermal vibration start threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the vibration suppression control conditions. In response to the thermal vibration difference being less than or equal to the thermal vibration start-up threshold, the control center maintains the current cooling water system in a closed state and resumes receiving the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding.

[0007] Preferably, the control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value, including: The control center collects the generator air gap value after a preset time has elapsed since the flow regulation operation was executed; Determine whether the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range of the excitation system; When the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range, the control center determines to start the excitation system. In response to the air gap value not being within the effective adjustment range, the control center adjusts the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the air gap value and the boundary value of the effective adjustment range, and re-acquires the generator air gap value.

[0008] Preferably, the control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value, including: During the forced excitation operation, the control center acquires the main shaft deflection data in the turbine swing value in real time; Determine whether the spindle deflection data exceeds the preset deflection threshold; In response to the main shaft deflection data exceeding the deflection threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions; In response to the fact that the main shaft deflection data does not exceed the deflection threshold, the control center calculates the lag effect time of the forced excitation based on the main shaft deflection data, and reacquires the turbine swing value after the lag effect time ends.

[0009] Preferably, the control center determines the first action parameters of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value, including: The control center acquires the real-time X-direction amplitude from the swing value; Determine the amplitude range of the real-time X-direction amplitude, which includes high amplitude range, medium amplitude range and low amplitude range; In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the high amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration of full-pressure engagement of the control brake. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the medium amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the first preset pressure. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the low amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the second preset pressure.

[0010] Preferably, the control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and determines whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value, including: The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover in real time to obtain the pulsation monitoring sequence; Calculate the variance of the pulsation monitoring sequence; Determine whether the variance value is less than the preset coupling variance threshold; When the variance value is less than the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard. When the variance value is greater than or equal to the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow has not met the standard.

[0011] Preferably, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit's current rotational speed, including: The control center acquires the unit's current speed and guide vane opening value; The ratio of the computer group rotation speed value to the guide vane opening value; Determine if the ratio is less than the preset stop-start ratio; When the ratio is less than the shutdown-start ratio, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions. In response to a ratio greater than or equal to the shutdown-to-start ratio, the control center extends the duration of the forced excitation operation based on the difference between the ratio and the shutdown-to-start ratio, and reacquires the unit speed value at this time.

[0012] Preferably, the control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is executed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual, including: After the second mechanical braking operation is completed, the control center detects the final vibration residual of the receiver unit. Determine whether the final vibration residual is less than or equal to the preset safety residual standard value; In response to the final vibration residual being less than or equal to the safety residual standard value, the control center generates a cooling water system shutdown command; In response to the final vibration residual being greater than the standard value of the safety residual, the control center redetermines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the final vibration residual and the standard value of the safety residual, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation again.

[0013] A state-awareness system for a hydropower station based on safety control, applicable to the aforementioned state-awareness method for a hydropower station based on safety control, includes: The temperature receiving module is used to control the central unit to receive the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. The temperature judgment module is used by the control center to determine whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. The flow regulation module is used to respond to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions. The control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. The air gap judgment module is used to collect the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and to determine whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value. The status determination module is used to respond to the start of the excitation system. The control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention receives the vibration amplitude and temperature values ​​of the turbine unit in real time through the control center, enabling timely monitoring of equipment status and rapid response to potential fault risks, thus helping to ensure the safe operation of the hydropower station. Furthermore, by determining the vibration suppression conditions based on the difference between vibration amplitude and temperature values, the flow rate of the cooling water system is intelligently adjusted, improving the system's adaptability and effectively preventing equipment damage caused by overheating or vibration. This invention, by setting emergency braking control conditions and performing mechanical braking operations based on parameters such as swing value, can quickly take measures in case of abnormal situations, reduce the risk of accidents, and ensure the safety of equipment and personnel. Furthermore, by analyzing the final vibration residual, it can judge the health status of the equipment, update the health assessment level in a timely manner, provide a basis for subsequent maintenance decisions, and extend the service life of the equipment. Moreover, by precisely controlling the excitation multiple of the excitation system and the operating parameters of the braking device, it can more effectively manage the operating status of the generator and improve the overall power generation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the overall method in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system architecture in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Temperature receiving module; 2. Temperature judgment module; 3. Flow regulation module; 4. Gap judgment module; 5. Status determination module. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control, applied to a hydropower station monitoring system. The hydropower station monitoring system includes a control center, a turbine unit, a governor, an excitation system, a cooling water system, a braking device, a pressure pulsation monitoring branch, and a vibration monitoring branch. The turbine unit includes a runner and a stator. The governor is equipped with a guide vane opening adjustment device. The braking device is located downstream of the turbine unit and upstream of the cooling water system. The method comprises: S1, The control center receives the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. S2. The control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. S3. In response to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions, the control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver the cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. S4. The control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value. S5. In response to the start of the excitation system, the control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

[0019] It should be noted that the control center first receives the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature of the stator winding; this means that the system has sensors that can continuously measure the vibration of the turbine unit and the temperature of the motor winding; these data are very important for judging the health status of the equipment. For example, if the vibration amplitude of the turbine unit suddenly increases during operation and the temperature is too high, it may indicate a mechanical failure or overheating risk. The control center uses the difference between these real-time data to determine whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions; if the vibration amplitude exceeds the safe range or the temperature is too high, corresponding control measures will be triggered. Once it is determined that the turbine unit needs to reduce vibration, the control center will adjust the flow rate of the cooling water system based on the current temperature value; this is to ensure that the motor windings are within a safe temperature range by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water, thereby protecting the equipment. After the flow regulation operation is performed, the control center will collect the air gap value of the generator in real time. The air gap is an important parameter of the generator's internal structure, which affects the generator's performance and stability. Assuming that the flow regulation is successful and the temperature drops, the control center will continue to monitor the air gap to determine whether the excitation system needs to be started. Changes in the air gap value can reflect the generator's operating status. If the air gap value is within the normal range, the control center will respond by activating the excitation system; this is to enhance the generator's output capacity and ensure stable equipment operation. The control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve. This process ensures that the working state of the excitation system matches the equipment requirements, thereby achieving optimal power output.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes: The control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value. In response to the turbine unit meeting the emergency braking control conditions, the control center determines the first action parameter of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value. The first action parameter is used to indicate the duration of the brake being engaged. The control center controls the braking device to perform the first mechanical braking operation based on the first action parameters. The first mechanical braking operation is used to lock the main shaft with the brake. The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and judges whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value; In response to the failure of the coupling effect to meet the standard, the control center adjusts the locking pressure of the braking device based on the difference between the pressure pulsation value and the preset pulsation threshold, and re-collects the turbine swing value. In response to the coupling effect meeting the standard, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit speed at this time; In response to the turbine unit meeting the shutdown conditions, the control center determines the second action parameters of the braking device based on the unit speed value at this time, and controls the braking device to perform the second mechanical braking operation, which is used to assist the speed to zero. The control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is executed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual. In response to shutting down the cooling water system, the control center updates the health assessment level of the turbine unit based on the final vibration residual and sends the updated health assessment level to the control center's storage unit for use in the next control cycle.

[0021] It should be noted that the control center obtains the swing value generated after the forced excitation operation from the turbine unit; the swing value is an important parameter reflecting the motion state of the turbine unit, which can indicate the stability of the equipment during operation; based on the obtained swing value, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the conditions for emergency braking; if the judgment result shows that the equipment is in a dangerous state, emergency braking measures will be triggered. After confirming the need for emergency braking, the control center determines the first action parameter of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value. This parameter refers to the duration of the brake engagement to ensure effective braking. If the X-direction amplitude is large, the control center may set a longer braking time to ensure sufficient deceleration. The control center controls the braking device to perform the first mechanical braking operation based on the first action parameters; the purpose of this operation is to completely lock the main shaft with the brake and prevent the unit from continuing to operate. During the first mechanical braking operation, the control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover; these pulsation values ​​help determine whether the coupling effect between the braking effect and the water flow meets the standard, ensuring the effectiveness of the braking process; If the coupling effect is not met, the control center will adjust the locking pressure of the braking device based on the difference between the pressure pulsation value and the preset pulsation threshold, and re-acquire the turbine swing value; if the pressure pulsation is found to be too large, the control center may increase the locking pressure to enhance the braking effect, and then check the change in the swing value again. Once the coupling effect is achieved, the control center will determine whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit's rotational speed; if the rotational speed drops to a safe range, further shutdown operations will be prepared. After confirming that the shutdown conditions are met, the control center will determine the second action parameter of the braking device based on the current unit speed value. This parameter is used to assist in achieving zero speed. The control center controls the braking device to perform the second mechanical braking operation based on the second action parameter. The purpose of this operation is to further reduce the speed until the unit stops completely. If the second action parameter is set to 3 seconds, the braking device will reduce the speed to the maximum extent during this period. After the second mechanical braking operation is completed, the control center will receive the final vibration residual of the unit and determine whether the cooling water system can be shut down based on this data; if the final vibration residual is within an acceptable range, the control center will decide to shut down the cooling water system to save resources. If the cooling water system is shut down, the control center will update the health assessment level of the turbine unit based on the final vibration residual.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value, including: The control center calculates the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value to obtain the thermal vibration difference. Determine whether the thermal vibration difference is greater than the preset thermal vibration start threshold; When the thermal vibration difference is greater than the thermal vibration start threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the vibration suppression control conditions. In response to the thermal vibration difference being less than or equal to the thermal vibration start-up threshold, the control center maintains the current cooling water system in a closed state and resumes receiving the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding.

[0023] It should be noted that the control center first acquires the vibration amplitude and temperature values ​​of the turbine unit in real time, and calculates the difference between the two, which is called the thermal vibration difference; this difference reflects the relationship between vibration and heat during equipment operation. The control center will compare the calculated thermal vibration difference with the preset thermal vibration start threshold; the thermal vibration start threshold is a safety limit set by the system based on historical data and operating standards. If the thermal vibration difference is greater than the preset thermal vibration start threshold, the control center will determine that the turbine unit meets the vibration suppression control conditions; this means that the equipment needs to take measures to suppress vibration in order to protect its normal operation. If the thermal shock difference is less than or equal to the thermal shock trigger threshold, the control center will decide to maintain the current cooling water system off state; this means that the equipment does not need additional cooling in this state, because the vibration and temperature are within an acceptable range. Regardless of the outcome of the thermal vibration difference, the control center continues to monitor the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature of the stator windings; this ensures that the system can respond promptly to any changes and make decisions based on the new data.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value, including: The control center collects the generator air gap value after a preset time has elapsed since the flow regulation operation was executed; Determine whether the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range of the excitation system; When the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range, the control center determines to start the excitation system. In response to the air gap value not being within the effective adjustment range, the control center adjusts the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the air gap value and the boundary value of the effective adjustment range, and re-acquires the generator air gap value.

[0025] It should be noted that the control center will collect the air gap value of the generator after the flow regulation operation has been performed for a preset time; the air gap refers to the distance between the generator stator and rotor, which directly affects the operating efficiency and safety of the equipment. The control center will then determine whether the collected air gap value is within the effective adjustment range of the excitation system; this effective adjustment range is preset according to the generator's design standards and operating requirements. If the air gap value is indeed within the effective adjustment range, the control center will determine that the excitation system can be started; starting the excitation system helps to improve the generator's output performance and ensure the stability of power production. If the air gap value fails to enter the effective adjustment range, the control center will adjust the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the value and the boundary of the effective adjustment range. The purpose of this is to optimize the operating conditions of the system, thereby improving the air gap. After adjusting the cooling water flow, the control center will re-collect the generator's air gap value; this is to confirm the effectiveness of the adjustment measures and to further monitor the equipment status.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value, including: During the forced excitation operation, the control center acquires the main shaft deflection data in the turbine swing value in real time; Determine whether the spindle deflection data exceeds the preset deflection threshold; In response to the main shaft deflection data exceeding the deflection threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions; In response to the fact that the main shaft deflection data does not exceed the deflection threshold, the control center calculates the lag effect time of the forced excitation based on the main shaft deflection data, and reacquires the turbine swing value after the lag effect time ends.

[0027] It should be noted that during forced excitation operation, the control center will continuously monitor and acquire the turbine's main shaft deflection data; the main shaft deflection refers to the degree of deformation of the generator's main shaft caused by factors such as load and vibration during operation. The control center will compare this spindle deflection data with a preset deflection threshold; the deflection threshold is a safety limit set according to the equipment's design and operating standards. If the spindle deflection data exceeds the preset deflection threshold, the control center will determine that the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions; this means that the equipment may be in a dangerous state and measures need to be taken immediately to protect the equipment safety. If the spindle deflection data does not exceed the deflection threshold, the control center will calculate the hysteresis time of the forced excitation based on the current spindle deflection data; the hysteresis time refers to the time required for the equipment to respond to the forced excitation operation, and this process may affect the stability of the equipment. After the lag effect ends, the control center will reacquire the turbine's swing value to assess the effect of the forced excitation operation and the current status of the equipment.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, the control center determines the first action parameter of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value, including: The control center acquires the real-time X-direction amplitude from the swing value; Determine the amplitude range of the real-time X-direction amplitude, which includes high amplitude range, medium amplitude range and low amplitude range; In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the high amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration of full-pressure engagement of the control brake. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the medium amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the first preset pressure. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the low amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the second preset pressure.

[0029] It should be noted that the control center monitors the turbine's swing value in real time and extracts the amplitude data in the X direction from it; the amplitude in the X direction represents the degree of vibration of the turbine on the horizontal plane and is an important parameter for assessing the equipment's condition. The control center compares the real-time X-direction amplitude with a preset amplitude range, which is usually divided into three types: high amplitude, medium amplitude, and low amplitude. Each range represents a different vibration state and reflects the operating status of the equipment. Assume the amplitude interval is defined as follows: High amplitude range: greater than 1.0 mm; Medium amplitude range: between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm; Low amplitude range: less than 0.5 mm; In this example, an amplitude of 1.2 mm clearly falls within the high amplitude range; If the real-time X-direction amplitude is in the high amplitude range, the control center will determine the first action parameter, namely the duration of the full-pressure engagement of the control brake; this is an emergency response measure used to quickly reduce vibration to protect the equipment. In this example, the control center will instruct the brake to operate at full pressure for a duration that may be set to 10 seconds to reduce the vibration amplitude as quickly as possible. If the real-time X-direction amplitude is in the medium amplitude range, the control center will adjust the first action parameter to control the braking brake to be engaged at the first preset pressure for a certain duration; this means that a more gentle control measure is adopted in order to gradually stabilize the equipment. Assuming the control center detects an amplitude of 0.8 mm, which falls within the medium amplitude range, the control center will decide that the brake should operate at the first preset pressure for a duration of 8 seconds. If the real-time X-direction amplitude is in the low amplitude range, the control center will set the first action parameter to the duration for which the control brake is engaged at the second preset pressure; this operation indicates that the equipment is in a relatively safe state and gentler control measures can be adopted.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and determines whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value, including: The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover in real time to obtain the pulsation monitoring sequence; Calculate the variance of the pulsation monitoring sequence; Determine whether the variance value is less than the preset coupling variance threshold; When the variance value is less than the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard. When the variance value is greater than or equal to the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow has not met the standard.

[0031] It should be noted that the control center continuously monitors the pressure on the turbine's top cover and records the pulsation of these pressure values; these pulsations reflect the pressure changes during equipment operation and are important indicators for judging the equipment's condition. The collected pressure pulsation values ​​of the top cover are compiled into a monitoring sequence; this sequence contains pressure pulsation data at various times within a specific time range, which can be used for subsequent analysis. The control center calculates the variance of the data in the pulsation monitoring sequence to assess the degree of fluctuation of these data; variance is a statistical indicator used to measure the dispersion of data points relative to their mean; a smaller variance means that the pressure pulsation is more stable, while a larger variance indicates greater fluctuation. The control center will compare the calculated variance value with the pre-set coupling variance threshold to determine whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard. If the variance value is less than the preset coupling variance threshold, the control center will determine that the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard; this indicates that the equipment maintains good coordination during operation and can operate effectively. If the variance value is greater than or equal to the coupling variance threshold, the control center will determine that the coupling effect between braking and water flow has not met the standard; this means that the equipment may be uncoordinated or unstable, and needs to be checked or adjusted to ensure safety and efficiency.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the current unit speed, including: The control center acquires the unit's current speed and guide vane opening value; The ratio of the computer group rotation speed value to the guide vane opening value; Determine if the ratio is less than the preset stop-start ratio; When the ratio is less than the shutdown-start ratio, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions. In response to a ratio greater than or equal to the shutdown-to-start ratio, the control center extends the duration of the forced excitation operation based on the difference between the ratio and the shutdown-to-start ratio, and reacquires the unit speed value at this time.

[0033] It should be noted that the control center will monitor the operating status of the turbine in real time and obtain the current unit speed value (i.e., the turbine's rotational speed) and guide vane opening value (i.e., the degree of opening of the guide vanes). The control center calculates the ratio between the unit speed value and the guide vane opening value. This ratio can reflect the turbine's operating efficiency and load status. The control center compares the calculated ratio with the preset shutdown-to-start ratio; the preset shutdown-to-start ratio is usually determined based on the equipment's performance parameters and safety standards. If the calculated ratio is less than the preset shutdown-to-start ratio, the control center will determine that the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions; this means that the current operating state is suitable for shutting down the equipment, and the control center will issue a shutdown command to ensure the equipment stops safely. If the ratio is greater than or equal to the preset shutdown-to-start ratio, the control center will not immediately shut down the machine, but will adjust the operation strategy based on the difference between the current ratio and the shutdown-to-start ratio. After extending the duration of the forced excitation operation, the control center will reacquire the unit speed value at this time in order to make further judgments and operations. This newly acquired speed value will help the control center assess whether the operating status of the equipment has improved, thereby deciding whether to continue the forced excitation operation or take other measures.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is performed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual, including: After the second mechanical braking operation is completed, the control center detects the final vibration residual of the receiver unit. Determine whether the final vibration residual is less than or equal to the preset safety residual standard value; In response to the final vibration residual being less than or equal to the safety residual standard value, the control center generates a cooling water system shutdown command; In response to the final vibration residual being greater than the safety residual standard value, the control center redetermines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the final vibration residual and the safety residual standard value, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation again.

[0035] It should be noted that after the second mechanical braking operation is completed, the control center will obtain the final vibration residual data of the unit; the vibration residual refers to the vibration deviation of the unit during operation due to various factors (such as mechanical friction, load changes, etc.); this data reflects the stability and safety of the unit. The control center compares the received final vibration residual with the preset safety residual standard value. The safety residual standard value is a safety threshold set according to the design characteristics and operating requirements of the equipment. Its purpose is to ensure that the equipment does not vibrate excessively during operation, thereby avoiding potential damage or safety hazards. If the final vibration residual is less than or equal to the preset safety residual standard value, the control center will determine that the unit is in a safe and stable state. At this time, the control center will issue a command to shut down the cooling water system in order to stop the cooling process, save resources and prevent over-cooling. If the final vibration residual is greater than the standard value of the safety residual, the control center will consider that the unit has certain safety hazards and further measures need to be taken to reduce the vibration level. In this case, the control center will calculate the difference between the final vibration residual and the standard value of the safety residual, and use it to adjust the flow parameters of the cooling water system. The control center reconfirms the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference in vibration residuals; increasing the flow rate of cooling water can help better control the unit temperature, which may reduce vibration residuals and ensure greater unit stability. After adjusting the flow regulation parameters, the control center will instruct the cooling water system to perform the new flow regulation operation and monitor whether the vibration of the unit has improved.

[0036] Example 2, please refer to Figure 2 This invention provides a technical solution: a state sensing system for a hydropower station based on safety control, applicable to the aforementioned state sensing method for a hydropower station based on safety control, comprising: Temperature receiving module 1 is used to control the central receiving of the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. Temperature judgment module 2 is used to control the central unit to determine whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. The flow regulation module 3 is used to respond to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions. The control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. The gap judgment module 4 is used to control the central unit to collect the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and to determine whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value. The status determination module 5 is used to respond to the start of the excitation system. The control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control, applied to a hydropower station monitoring system, wherein the hydropower station monitoring system includes a control center, a turbine unit, a governor, an excitation system, a cooling water system, a braking device, a pressure pulsation monitoring branch, and a vibration monitoring branch; the turbine unit includes a runner and a stator; the governor is equipped with a guide vane opening adjustment device; and the braking device is located downstream of the turbine unit and upstream of the cooling water system, characterized in that... The method includes: The control center receives the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. The control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. In response to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions, the control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. The control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value; In response to the start of the excitation system, the control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

2. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value. In response to the turbine unit meeting the emergency braking control conditions, the control center determines the first action parameter of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value. The first action parameter is used to indicate the duration of the brake being engaged. The control center controls the braking device to perform the first mechanical braking operation based on the first action parameters. The first mechanical braking operation is used to lock the main shaft with the brake. The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and judges whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value; In response to the failure of the coupling effect to meet the standard, the control center adjusts the locking pressure of the braking device based on the difference between the pressure pulsation value and the preset pulsation threshold, and re-collects the turbine swing value. In response to the coupling effect meeting the standard, the control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit speed at this time; In response to the turbine unit meeting the shutdown conditions, the control center determines the second action parameters of the braking device based on the unit speed value at this time, and controls the braking device to perform the second mechanical braking operation, which is used to assist the speed to zero. The control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is executed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual. In response to shutting down the cooling water system, the control center updates the health assessment level of the turbine unit based on the final vibration residual and sends the updated health assessment level to the control center's storage unit for use in the next control cycle.

3. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value, including: The control center calculates the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value to obtain the thermal vibration difference. Determine whether the thermal vibration difference is greater than the preset thermal vibration start threshold; When the thermal vibration difference is greater than the thermal vibration start threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the vibration suppression control conditions. In response to the thermal vibration difference being less than or equal to the thermal vibration start-up threshold, the control center maintains the current cooling water system in a closed state and resumes receiving the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding.

4. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control center collects the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and determines whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value, including: The control center collects the generator air gap value after a preset time has elapsed since the flow regulation operation was executed; Determine whether the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range of the excitation system; When the air gap value is within the effective adjustment range, the control center determines to start the excitation system. In response to the air gap value not being within the effective adjustment range, the control center adjusts the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the air gap value and the boundary value of the effective adjustment range, and re-acquires the generator air gap value.

5. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control center acquires the turbine swing value after the forced excitation operation is executed, and determines whether the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions based on the swing value, including: During the forced excitation operation, the control center acquires the main shaft deflection data in the turbine swing value in real time; Determine whether the spindle deflection data exceeds the preset deflection threshold; In response to the main shaft deflection data exceeding the deflection threshold, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the emergency braking control conditions; In response to the fact that the main shaft deflection data does not exceed the deflection threshold, the control center calculates the lag effect time of the forced excitation based on the main shaft deflection data, and reacquires the turbine swing value after the lag effect time ends.

6. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control center determines the first action parameters of the braking device based on the X-direction amplitude in the swing value, including: The control center acquires the real-time X-direction amplitude from the swing value; Determine the amplitude range of the real-time X-direction amplitude, which includes high amplitude range, medium amplitude range and low amplitude range; In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the high amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration of full-pressure engagement of the control brake. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the medium amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the first preset pressure. In response to the real-time X-direction amplitude being in the low amplitude range, the control center determines the first action parameter as the duration for which the brake is engaged at the second preset pressure.

7. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover during the execution of the first mechanical braking operation, and determines whether the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard based on the pressure pulsation value, including: The control center collects the pressure pulsation value of the top cover in real time to obtain the pulsation monitoring sequence; Calculate the variance of the pulsation monitoring sequence; Determine whether the variance value is less than the preset coupling variance threshold; When the variance value is less than the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow meets the standard. When the variance value is greater than or equal to the coupling variance threshold, the control center determines that the coupling effect between braking and water flow has not met the standard.

8. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control center determines whether the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions based on the unit's current speed, including: The control center acquires the unit's current speed and guide vane opening value; The ratio of the computer group rotation speed value to the guide vane opening value; Determine if the ratio is less than the preset stop-start ratio; When the ratio is less than the shutdown-start ratio, the control center determines that the turbine unit meets the shutdown conditions. In response to a ratio greater than or equal to the shutdown-to-start ratio, the control center extends the duration of the forced excitation operation based on the difference between the ratio and the shutdown-to-start ratio, and reacquires the unit speed value at this time.

9. The state perception method for a hydropower station based on safety control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control center receives the final vibration residual of the unit after the second mechanical braking operation is executed, and determines whether to shut down the cooling water system based on the final vibration residual, including: After the second mechanical braking operation is completed, the control center detects the final vibration residual of the receiver unit. Determine whether the final vibration residual is less than or equal to the preset safety residual standard value; In response to the final vibration residual being less than or equal to the safety residual standard value, the control center generates a cooling water system shutdown command; In response to the final vibration residual being greater than the safety residual standard value, the control center redetermines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the difference between the final vibration residual and the safety residual standard value, and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation again.

10. A state-sensing system for a hydropower station based on safety control, applicable to the state-sensing method for a hydropower station based on safety control as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The temperature receiving module is used to control the central unit to receive the real-time vibration amplitude of the turbine unit and the real-time temperature value of the stator winding. The temperature judgment module is used by the control center to determine whether the turbine unit meets the preset vibration suppression and control conditions based on the difference between the real-time vibration amplitude and the real-time temperature value. The flow regulation module is used to respond to the turbine unit meeting the vibration suppression control conditions. The control center determines the flow regulation parameters of the cooling water system based on the real-time temperature value and controls the cooling water system to perform flow regulation operation. The flow regulation operation is used to deliver cooling water to the stator air cooler according to the regulation parameters. The air gap judgment module is used to collect the generator air gap value in real time after the flow regulation operation is executed, and to determine whether to start the excitation system based on the air gap value. The status determination module is used to respond to the start of the excitation system. The control center determines the excitation multiple of the excitation system based on the matching relationship between the air gap value and the preset magnetic pole tension curve, and controls the excitation system to perform the excitation operation.

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