A high-frequency data acquisition and synchronous control system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of high-frequency data acquisition and processing, and discloses a high-frequency data acquisition and synchronous control system and method, which is composed of a ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module, a synchronous control module and the like. The present application constructs an acquisition architecture and control logic suitable for shallow fine exploration, significantly improves the data throughput capacity, detection accuracy, operation stability and cost controllability of the system, and provides more reliable technical support for the identification of shallow small-scale abnormal bodies in the field of geological exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of data acquisition technology, and more specifically relates to a high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous advancement of measurement and control technology and its widespread application, high-frequency data acquisition systems have played a crucial role in many fields. In geological exploration, low-frequency wide-area electromagnetic data acquisition systems struggle to meet the demands of shallow, precise detection—they cannot accurately identify small-scale geological anomalies such as fault fracture zones and karst fissures, nor can they meet the precision requirements of scenarios such as urban underground space exploration, shallow mineral resource exploration, and early detection of geological hazards.

[0003] In summary, high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic data acquisition systems, with their higher signal resolution and detection accuracy, have become the core solution for overcoming the bottleneck of shallow geological fine exploration, filling the technological gap of traditional low-frequency systems in the field of shallow fine exploration.

[0004] However, many challenges and limitations still exist in the actual application of various monitoring systems: 1) Large data throughput The amount of data collected is increasing exponentially. The high-frequency sampling characteristics cause the system to generate massive amounts of raw electromagnetic data per unit time. This not only places stringent requirements on the capacity and read / write speed of storage devices, but also significantly consumes data transmission bandwidth, which can easily lead to problems such as transmission delay and data packet loss. This increases the complexity and time consumption of subsequent data processing and affects the efficiency of exploration operations.

[0005] 2) The instrument has a high internal noise level. The instrument noise interference is significant. In high-frequency scenarios, electromagnetic signals are easily affected by stray electromagnetic fields from the geological environment, noise from the instrument's internal circuitry, and external interference sources. This results in a large amount of invalid noise being mixed into the acquired data, which not only reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the data but also interferes with the accuracy of subsequent data analysis, making it difficult to accurately capture the electromagnetic response characteristics of shallow, small-scale geological anomalies.

[0006] 3) Channel control synchronization is difficult to achieve the required precision. Insufficient synchronization accuracy of multi-channel systems can lead to synchronization deviations, clock drift, uneven transmission delays of trigger signals, and other problems in high-frequency acquisition scenarios. This results in misalignment of the sampling time axis and distortion of the signal phase, making it impossible to achieve accurate data alignment and splicing, thus disrupting the spatiotemporal correlation of the data and affecting the accuracy of locating and identifying shallow geological anomalies.

[0007] 4) Insufficient real-time data processing and frequency domain analysis capabilities Traditional systems lack edge computing capabilities, requiring all massive amounts of raw data to be transmitted back to a host computer or cloud for post-processing. This makes it impossible to perform real-time spectrum analysis and abnormal signal identification on-site, resulting in poor data processing timeliness, heavy network transmission burden, and difficulty in quickly judging data quality and geological anomaly characteristics in field operation environments.

[0008] 5) Lack of remote monitoring and cloud management capabilities Existing systems mostly rely on wired or short-range wireless connections and lack wide area network access capabilities. They cannot achieve remote parameter configuration, status monitoring, and cloud storage of equipment. In distributed deployment scenarios in the field, equipment operation and maintenance efficiency is low, data management is scattered, and it is difficult to support large-scale multi-point collaborative exploration operations.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a precise, efficient, and economical high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention proposes a high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system and method, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient multi-channel synchronization accuracy in the prior art.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system, comprising: The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module has a programmable logic terminal connected to a multi-channel high-speed ADC module for parallel acquisition of multi-channel high-frequency data; its processing system terminal integrates an ARM processor core for running data processing and system control programs. The synchronization control module, connected to the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module, is used to generate a high-precision synchronization clock signal and control the sampling trigger timing of the multi-channel high-speed ADC module based on the clock signal to ensure multi-channel sampling synchronization. A multi-channel high-speed ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals and perform synchronous sampling under the control of the synchronization control module; The multi-mode communication module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module to establish wired and wireless communication links, enabling data interaction and command transmission with the host computer or cloud server. The storage module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module and is used to cache and store the collected data; The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module interacts with the processing system terminal via an AXI high-bandwidth bus for data and control information exchange. The processing system terminal is used to process the collected data in real time and transmit it via the multi-mode communication module.

[0012] In one possible design, the synchronization control module is a CPLD or FPGA, which communicates with the processing system of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module via an I2C bus, receives sampling rate control parameters, and generates independent sampling clocks for different ADC channels accordingly, realizing multi-channel independently adjustable synchronous sampling. The sampling rate division coefficient is determined by the following formula: ; in, This represents the i-th channel. Sampling frequency division system Indicates the system reference clock frequency. This indicates the target sampling rate for the current channel.

[0013] In one possible design, the PS end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module integrates an FFT algorithm engine for real-time fast Fourier transform of the acquired raw time-domain data to obtain frequency-domain data. The system supports selecting to transmit either the raw time-domain data or the frequency-domain data processed by FFT. The size of the high-frequency data acquisition file is determined by the following formula: ; in, This represents the i-th channel. Indicates the size of the acquisition file for the channel. Indicates the current target sampling rate of the channel. Indicates the total collection time. Indicates the bit width of the sampled data.

[0014] In one possible design, the multi-mode communication module integrates WIFI and 4G communication units. The 4G communication unit establishes a secure long-term connection with the cloud server based on the MQTT protocol for remote configuration distribution, status monitoring, and data uploading. The WIFI communication unit is used for high-speed data interaction with the host computer in the local area network.

[0015] In one possible design, the AXI high-bandwidth bus includes an AXI4-Full bus for massive data stream transmission and an AXI4-Lite bus for controlling register access.

[0016] In one possible design, the I2C receiving unit of the synchronization control module has a byte verification and fault tolerance mechanism that automatically resets the receiving buffer when the number of received control bytes is incorrect.

[0017] In one possible design, a host computer software is also included, which can connect to the system via gigabit Ethernet or WIFI to configure sampling parameters, display real-time time-domain / frequency-domain waveforms, export data, and perform post-processing analysis.

[0018] One possible design also includes a cloud control center, which connects to the system's 4G communication unit via the Internet to enable remote access management of multiple devices, distribution of sampling tasks, real-time data visualization, cloud storage and retrieval of historical data, and device status alarms.

[0019] In one possible design, the workflow of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module includes: The parallel data stream is received from the multi-channel high-speed ADC module through the programmable logic terminal; The data stream is transferred to the DDR memory connected to the processing system via the DMA controller. The ARM processor on the processing system side selects to perform real-time FFT transformation on the data in DDR or directly forward it according to preset or remotely issued instructions; The processed data is sent to the host computer or cloud server via a multi-mode communication module.

[0020] The present invention also provides a control method based on the aforementioned high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system, comprising the following steps: The synchronization control module generates a synchronization trigger signal based on a high-precision timing clock to control the multi-channel high-speed ADC module for data acquisition. The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module receives and buffers ADC data, and transmits the data to the PS terminal via the AXI bus; The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module's processing system performs real-time data processing, including directly forwarding the original time-domain data or performing FFT transformation to obtain frequency-domain data. Depending on the communication link status and application requirements, the processed data and system status information are sent to the local host computer or remote cloud control center via wired, WIFI or 4G networks in the multi-mode communication module. It receives configuration commands from the host computer or cloud control center and dynamically adjusts the sampling rate, processing mode and communication method.

[0021] The principle behind this solution is: The core of this device lies in its architecture of "ZYNQ heterogeneous computing + CPLD synchronous control + multi-mode communication". The PL (FPGA) section of the ZYNQ chip is responsible for the parallel acquisition and streaming of high-speed data from multiple channels, while the PS (ARM) section is responsible for system control, data preprocessing (such as FFT), and communication scheduling. The two are interconnected via a high-efficiency AXI bus. An independent CPLD synchronous control module uses GPS / BeiDou timing as a reference to ensure strict synchronization of the multi-channel sampling clocks and supports independent adjustment of the sampling rate for each channel. The system integrates multiple communication methods, including Gigabit Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and 4G, meeting both local high-speed data transmission and real-time monitoring needs, as well as enabling remote wireless access and cloud collaboration.

[0022] This invention, under the technical constraints of high-frequency detection scenarios, comprehensively considers core requirements such as massive data processing, hardware cost control, low noise anti-interference, multi-channel synchronization accuracy, and sampling performance balance, and constructs an acquisition architecture and control logic adapted to shallow fine exploration. It significantly improves the system's data throughput, detection accuracy, operational stability, and cost controllability, providing more reliable technical support for the identification of shallow small-scale anomalies in the field of geological exploration.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention include: 1. High-precision synchronous acquisition: Using an external high-precision time source and hardware synchronous triggering circuit, microsecond-level or even nanosecond-level sampling synchronization between multiple channels is achieved, ensuring the time consistency of data; 2. Powerful edge processing capabilities: Utilizing the ZYNQ's PS-side ARM core, real-time signal processing such as FFT is performed within the instrument, reducing data transmission pressure and the processing burden on the host computer, and realizing "acquisition as analysis"; 3. Flexible multi-mode communication: The three communication modes of wired (Ethernet), wireless LAN (WIFI) and wide area network (4G) complement each other, adapting to various application scenarios such as laboratories, field sites, and remote monitoring; 4. Remote and cloud-based collaboration: Through 4G networks and the MQTT protocol, remote device configuration, real-time data uploading, cloud storage, and visualization can be achieved, facilitating the construction of a distributed monitoring network; 5. High integration and configurability: The system is highly integrated, and sampling parameters, processing algorithms and communication links can be flexibly configured through software, making it highly versatile. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system structure block diagram in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the DMA transfer module in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0027] Existing data acquisition systems for geological exploration have significant shortcomings in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of shallow, fine-grained exploration. Specific deficiencies are as follows: 1. Insufficient flexibility and synchronization accuracy in multi-channel sampling configuration: Traditional architectures struggle to accommodate the diverse sampling needs of multiple channels, have limited sampling rate configurations for each channel, and lack a high-precision clock reference, resulting in poor synchronization and an inability to adapt to the diverse acquisition requirements of different sensors.

[0028] 2. Data transmission is limited by distance and scenario: It relies heavily on a single wired transmission method, which is difficult to lay in complex field environments. It also lacks long-distance wireless transmission capabilities, making it impossible to achieve real-time remote monitoring and cloud storage of data, thus restricting the flexibility and efficiency of exploration operations.

[0029] 3. Insufficient resolution and sampling rate of signal acquisition: It is impossible to accurately capture the detailed features of weak electromagnetic signals at the millivolt and microvolt levels in field exploration, and it is also difficult to quickly respond to the instantaneous electromagnetic response of shallow small-scale geological anomalies, resulting in low data accuracy and time resolution, which affects the integrity and accuracy of exploration results.

[0030] 4. Lack of real-time frequency domain analysis capability: Traditional systems only collect raw time domain data and lack real-time spectrum analysis function at the edge. They cannot quickly identify signal frequency components and abnormal characteristics on site. They need to transmit all the massive amount of raw data back before performing offline FFT processing, resulting in poor data processing timeliness and high transmission bandwidth pressure.

[0031] 5. Limited interaction methods between the host computer and the host computer: Most existing systems only support a single wired connection method and lack multi-mode communication capabilities such as WIFI and 4G. This makes it impossible to achieve flexible local / remote hybrid control and data viewing, resulting in low operation and maintenance efficiency in scenarios with multiple devices working together or distributed deployment.

[0032] Example: This invention provides a high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system, comprising: The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module has a programmable logic terminal connected to a multi-channel high-speed ADC module for parallel acquisition of multi-channel high-frequency data; its processing system terminal integrates an ARM processor core for running data processing and system control programs. The synchronization control module, connected to the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module, is used to generate a high-precision synchronization clock signal and control the sampling trigger timing of the multi-channel high-speed ADC module based on the clock signal to ensure multi-channel sampling synchronization. Typical configuration example: Frequency division coefficient adjustment range The corresponding sampling rate range is 960,000 SPS to 150 SPS.

[0033] A multi-channel high-speed ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals and perform synchronous sampling under the control of the synchronization control module; The multi-mode communication module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module to establish wired and wireless communication links, enabling data interaction and command transmission with the host computer or cloud server. The storage module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module and is used to cache and store the collected data; The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module interacts with the processing system terminal via an AXI high-bandwidth bus for data and control information exchange. The processing system terminal is used to process the collected data in real time and transmit it via the multi-mode communication module.

[0034] The synchronization control module, which is a CPLD or FPGA, communicates with the processing system of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module via an I2C bus. It receives sampling rate control parameters and generates independent sampling clocks for different ADC channels accordingly, achieving independent and adjustable synchronous sampling for multiple channels. The sampling rate division coefficient is determined by the following formula: ; in, This represents the i-th channel. Sampling frequency division system Indicates the system reference clock frequency. This indicates the target sampling rate for the current channel.

[0035] The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module integrates an FFT algorithm engine on its PS end for real-time fast Fourier transform of the acquired raw time-domain data to obtain frequency-domain data. The system supports selecting to transmit either the raw time-domain data or the FFT-processed frequency-domain data. The size of the high-frequency data acquisition file is determined by the following formula: ; in, This represents the i-th channel. Indicates the size of the acquisition file for the channel. Indicates the current target sampling rate of the channel. Indicates the total collection time. Indicates the bit width of the sampled data.

[0036] The multi-mode communication module integrates WIFI and 4G communication units. The 4G communication unit establishes a secure long connection with the cloud server based on the MQTT protocol for remote configuration distribution, status monitoring, and data uploading. The WIFI communication unit is used for high-speed data interaction with the host computer in the local area network.

[0037] The AXI high-bandwidth bus includes the AXI4-Full bus for massive data stream transmission and the AXI4-Lite bus for control register access.

[0038] The I2C receiving unit of the synchronization control module has a byte verification and fault tolerance mechanism. When the number of received control bytes is incorrect, the receiving buffer is automatically reset.

[0039] It also includes a host computer software that can connect to the system via gigabit Ethernet or WIFI to configure sampling parameters, display real-time time-domain / frequency-domain waveforms, export data, and perform post-processing analysis.

[0040] It also includes a cloud control center, which is connected to the system's 4G communication unit via the Internet to enable remote access management of multiple devices, distribution of sampling tasks, real-time data visualization, cloud storage and query of historical data, and device status alarms.

[0041] The workflow of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module includes: The parallel data stream is received from the multi-channel high-speed ADC module through the programmable logic terminal; The data stream is transferred to the DDR memory connected to the processing system via the DMA controller. The ARM processor on the processing system side selects to perform real-time FFT transformation on the data in DDR or directly forward it according to preset or remotely issued instructions; The processed data is sent to the host computer or cloud server via a multi-mode communication module.

[0042] The present invention also provides a control method based on the aforementioned high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system, comprising the following steps: The synchronization control module generates a synchronization trigger signal based on a high-precision timing clock to control the multi-channel high-speed ADC module for data acquisition. The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module receives and buffers ADC data, and transmits the data to the PS terminal via the AXI bus; The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module's processing system performs real-time data processing, including directly forwarding the original time-domain data or performing FFT transformation to obtain frequency-domain data. Depending on the communication link status and application requirements, the processed data and system status information are sent to the local host computer or remote cloud control center via wired, WIFI or 4G networks in the multi-mode communication module. It receives configuration commands from the host computer or cloud control center and dynamically adjusts the sampling rate, processing mode and communication method.

[0043] Specifically, like Figure 1 As shown, the hardware of the system of this invention mainly includes: a ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module (such as the Xilinx Zynq-7000 series), a synchronization control module (such as a CPLD chip), a multi-channel high-speed ADC module (using multiple high-precision ADC chips), a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module, a multi-mode communication module (integrating gigabit Ethernet PHY, WIFI and 4G modules), a large-capacity storage module (such as DDR3 memory and eMMC memory), and a power management module.

[0044] 1. ZYNQ chip module The ZYNQ chip adopts a PS+PL heterogeneous architecture. Its PL end is connected to a multi-channel high-speed ADC module through a high-speed interface, which is responsible for the synchronous parallel acquisition of multi-channel high-frequency data and supports a sampling rate of hundreds of KSPS. The PS end integrates an ARM processor core and communicates bidirectionally with the PL end through an AXI high-bandwidth bus (bandwidth up to tens of Gbps) to realize real-time preprocessing, FFT frequency domain conversion and storage scheduling of the acquired data.

[0045] The AXI high-bandwidth bus includes the AXI4-Full bus and the AXI4-Lite bus, wherein: The AXI4-Full bus is used for real-time transmission of massive amounts of raw data. The AXI4-Lite bus is used for the exchange of control commands and status information.

[0046] Furthermore, the ZYNQ chip workflow includes: Step 1. The data acquired by the ADC is serially transmitted to the multi-channel high-speed ADC module via SPI.

[0047] Step 2. After the data is parsed into individual 32-bit data through serial-to-parallel conversion, it is framed and transmitted to the DMA transfer module.

[0048] Step 3. The DMA transfer module transfers the data to the DDR memory on the PS side.

[0049] Step 4. (Added) The PS terminal selects the data processing mode based on the configuration instructions issued by the host computer or cloud: Mode A (Raw Data Mode): Directly transmits the raw time domain data in DDR to the host computer / cloud via Gigabit Ethernet or WIFI+4G; Mode B (FFT processing mode): The built-in FFT algorithm engine on the PS side is called to perform real-time fast Fourier transform on the original data, and the frequency domain data is transmitted after output, which greatly reduces the amount of data.

[0050] Furthermore, the DMA transfer module is a key module for realizing high-volume, low-latency data transfer between the PL and PS-side DDR memory. The DMA transfer module's workflow diagram is as follows. Figure Two .

[0051] 2. CPLD Synchronization Control Module The CPLD synchronization control module uses a stable 30.72MHz clock provided by the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module as a reference. The CPLD performs precise frequency division and controls the ADC to trigger sampling, ensuring the consistency of the sampling timing of each channel. At the same time, the CPLD communicates with the PS terminal of ZYNQ through the I2C protocol, supporting the PS terminal to send sampling rate control bytes, so that multiple channels can be independently set with different sampling rates to flexibly match the needs of different sensors.

[0052] In addition, the CPLD integrates an I2C receiving module and adds a received byte verification function: when an error is detected in the number of received control bytes, the I2C receiving buffer is cleared through a delayed reset to ensure normal communication in the next communication.

[0053] 3. WIFI+4G routing module The WIFI+4G routing module establishes a hardware connection with the PS terminal of the ZYNQ chip via a USB 2.0 physical interface, utilizing the plug-and-play feature of the USB bus to build the hardware layer of the data interaction link. On the software side, a dedicated USB node is added to the system device tree. By configuring parameters such as the node's device address, interrupt number, and transmission mode, driver adaptation between the module and the ZYNQ operating system is completed, enabling the system to automatically recognize the module and load the corresponding USB-to-network driver.

[0054] Furthermore, after receiving control commands (such as sampling parameter adjustment and FFT processing mode switching) and collected data sent by the ZYNQ's PS terminal via the USB 2.0 bus, the WIFI+4G routing module modulates the data into a wireless signal by its internal radio frequency unit. WIFI mode: Suitable for short-range wireless transmission, directly establishes a local area network connection with the host computer, supports gigabit-level data throughput, and is suitable for high-speed data download and real-time waveform viewing on site; 4G mode: Accesses the operator's mobile network via a built-in IoT card, and establishes a secure long-term connection with the web cloud control center based on the MQTT protocol to achieve: Remote sampling configuration command issued; Upload raw data or FFT frequency domain data in real time; Equipment operation status monitoring and alarms; Collected data is stored in the cloud and can be queried historically.

[0055] This enables the construction of wireless data transmission links covering both near and long distances, along with cloud-based collaborative management capabilities.

[0056] 4. Multi-channel high-speed ADC module The multi-channel high-speed ADC module is a key part of the acquisition circuit. Its core component, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), needs to have high precision and high resolution, as well as a high conversion rate, which can be adjusted as needed.

[0057] Furthermore, the multi-channel high-speed ADC module achieves data transmission and communication with the ADC chip via the SPI bus. Specifically, this includes: Step 1. The CPLD synchronization control module controls the ADC chip to trigger sampling; Step 2. Implement SPI serial data reception, serial-to-parallel conversion, and parsing; Step 3. Support multi-channel synchronous data acquisition and control.

[0058] 5. Storage module The storage module is connected to the PS terminal of the ZYNQ chip and uses an EMMC embedded memory to achieve high-speed local storage of the acquired data. It supports the storage of raw time-domain data and frequency-domain data after FFT processing, and also supports external data transmission via gigabit Ethernet, WIFI and 4G networks.

[0059] 6. Power Module The power module uses low-ripple and low-noise devices to provide stable power to the ZYNQ chip, CPLD chip, multi-channel high-speed ADC module and other peripheral modules, and reduces the number of independent power supply units through integrated design.

[0060] 7. Host computer software The host computer establishes a communication connection with the instrument via a wired (gigabit Ethernet) or wireless (WIFI) link, and has the following functions: Function 1: Dual-mode communication connection Gigabit Ethernet connection mode: Directly connects to the instrument via RJ45 interface, supports Gbps high-speed data transmission, suitable for scenarios involving large-volume data downloads and firmware upgrades; WIFI connection mode: Connects to the instrument via wireless LAN, supports flexible access from mobile devices and tablets, and is suitable for on-site portable monitoring and debugging scenarios.

[0061] Function 2: Issuance of sampling configuration commands The instrument's operating status can be adjusted in real time by sending parameters such as multi-channel independent sampling rate configuration, sampling duration, and start sampling time through the host computer interface.

[0062] Function 3: Real-time data viewing After reading the acquired data from the storage module, the system displays multi-channel time-domain waveforms in real time, supporting functions such as waveform scaling, cursor measurement, and data export.

[0063] Function 4: Real-time FFT data viewing After receiving the raw time-domain data transmitted from the instrument, the host computer performs real-time frequency-domain conversion using its built-in FFT algorithm engine, simultaneously displaying the time-domain graph and the spectrum graph to assist in quickly determining signal quality and abnormal frequency components on-site. This function does not require preprocessing on the instrument side.

[0064] Function 5: Data Export and Post-processing It supports exporting raw data or FFT data to a local PC to generate DAT format files, providing raw materials for subsequent wide-area electromagnetic data processing and inversion calculations.

[0065] 8. Web Cloud Control Center The web-based cloud control center uses the instrument's internal 4G module and the MQTT protocol to enable device access and bidirectional communication, and has the following functions: Function 1: Device Access and Authentication The instrument connects to the cloud MQTT Broker via a 4G network and uses a unique device ID and a key for authentication. It supports concurrent access from multiple devices to build a distributed data acquisition network.

[0066] Function 2: Remote Sampling Configuration Users can log in to the cloud control center through a web browser, select the target device, and then issue sampling configuration commands (including sampling rate, channel enable, FFT mode switch, etc.). Commands are pushed to the instrument in real time via the MQTT protocol, enabling remote parameter adjustment.

[0067] Function 3: Real-time data viewing The cloud receives real-time raw data or FFT frequency domain data uploaded by the instrument; The web interface renders multi-channel waveforms and spectrum graphs in real time, and supports historical data playback and comparative analysis.

[0068] Function 4: Cloud Storage and Management Collected data is automatically synchronized to the cloud database, supporting retrieval and download by time, device, channel, and other dimensions; 9. Built-in FFT algorithm engine The FFT algorithm engine is integrated into the PS-side ARM core of the ZYNQ chip, and is implemented based on a high-efficiency FFT library (such as CMSIS-DSP or FFTW), possessing the following characteristics: Feature 1: Configurable processing mode Users can configure the FFT processing switch via the host computer or cloud control center; It supports independent configuration per channel, allowing flexible selection of transmitting raw data or frequency domain data processed by FFT.

[0069] Feature 2: Real-time frequency domain conversion Perform frame-by-frame FFT operations on the raw time-domain data in DDR; It supports configurable FFT point counts (such as 1024 points, 2048 points, and 4096 points) to adapt to different frequency resolution requirements.

[0070] The FFT algorithm engine supports a configurable number of points, with specific parameters designed as follows: The FFT point count can be set to 1024, 2048, 4096, or 8192 points, in power of 2 increments. The frequency resolution... With FFT points and sampling rate The relationship is: .

[0071] Feature 3: Compressed data transmission The frequency domain data after FFT has a higher information density than the original time domain data, and key frequency components can be selectively transmitted, significantly reducing the amount of data transmitted (compression ratio can reach 5:1 to 10:1). Reduce network bandwidth pressure and improve real-time performance in 4G remote transmission scenarios.

[0072] Key Point 1: Host computer's multi-mode communication and two-way interaction capabilities To address the limitations of traditional host computer connection methods and their restrictive interactive functions, this invention innovatively designs a dual-mode communication access mechanism: Technical solution: 1) Gigabit Ethernet connection mode: Directly connected to the Gigabit Ethernet PHY of the ZYNQ chip via RJ45 interface, supporting Gbps-level high-speed data transmission to meet the needs of large-volume raw data download and firmware upgrade; 2) WIFI connection mode: Through the WIFI+4G router module's WIFI hotspot function, a wireless local area network connection is established with the host computer, supporting flexible access from mobile devices, and suitable for on-site portable monitoring scenarios.

[0073] Functional Innovation: 1) Issue sampling configuration commands: Supports real-time adjustment of parameters such as multi-channel sampling rate, trigger mode, and FFT processing switch, without physical contact with the equipment; 2) View real-time data: Receive and display multi-channel time-domain waveforms, supporting interactive operations such as waveform zooming and cursor measurement; 3) View real-time FFT data: Receive frequency domain data output by the FFT algorithm engine on the instrument, render the spectrum synchronously, and support advanced functions such as peak search and harmonic analysis.

[0074] Technical problem solved: Traditional host computers only support a single wired connection, which cannot realize flexible local / remote hybrid control and real-time frequency domain analysis.

[0075] Key Point 2: Web Cloud Control Center and 4G Remote Management To address the lack of wide area network access and cloud management capabilities in traditional systems, this invention introduces a Web cloud control center, enabling remote access and collaborative management through the instrument's built-in 4G module.

[0076] Technical solution: 1) 4G module and MQTT protocol: The instrument connects to the operator's 4G network through the built-in IoT card, establishes a secure long connection with the cloud Broker based on the MQTT protocol, and supports two-way real-time communication; 2) Cloud architecture: The Web cloud control center is deployed on a public or private cloud server, providing functions such as device management, data storage, and visual analysis.

[0077] Functional Innovation: 1) Remotely send sampling commands: Users can log in to the cloud through a web browser, select the target device, and send sampling configuration commands (including sampling rate, channel enable, FFT mode switching, etc.) in real time. The commands are pushed to the instrument via MQTT. 2) View real-time data and FFT data: The cloud receives raw time-domain data or FFT frequency-domain data uploaded by the instrument, and the web interface renders multi-channel waveforms and spectrum in real time, supporting historical data playback and comparative analysis. 3) Cloud storage and management: Collected data is automatically synchronized to the cloud database, supporting retrieval and download by time, device, channel, and other dimensions, and providing data visualization and analysis tools; 4) Equipment status monitoring: Real-time monitoring of instrument operating status (battery power, storage usage, communication quality, etc.), and automatic alarm push notifications in case of abnormal conditions.

[0078] Technical problem solved: Traditional systems are limited by geographical distance and cannot achieve remote unified management and control of distributed devices and cloud storage of data.

[0079] Key Point 3: The instrument's built-in FFT algorithm engine and intelligent data processing To address the issues of traditional systems lacking real-time frequency domain analysis capabilities at the edge and requiring full transmission of raw data, this invention integrates an FFT algorithm engine at the instrument end to achieve intelligent data processing and on-demand transmission.

[0080] Technical solution: 1) FFT algorithm integration: Deploy an efficient FFT library (such as CMSIS-DSP) in the PS-side ARM core of the ZYNQ chip to perform real-time fast Fourier transform on the raw time-domain data in DDR; 2) Dual-mode data transmission: Users can configure the data transmission mode via a host computer or cloud control center. Mode A (Raw Data): Transmits complete time-domain waveforms, suitable for scenarios requiring subsequent in-depth analysis or algorithm verification; Mode B (FFT data): Transmits frequency domain spectrum data, significantly reducing the amount of data (compression ratio can reach 5:1 to 10:1), suitable for scenarios with limited bandwidth or where only frequency components are of interest.

[0081] Functional Innovation: 1) Real-time frequency domain conversion: FFT calculation is completed synchronously during data acquisition, without waiting for all data to be returned before processing, which greatly improves timeliness; 2) Network bandwidth optimization: In 4G remote transmission scenarios, key frequency components are selectively transmitted to reduce network pressure and improve real-time performance.

[0082] The technical problem to be solved: Traditional systems suffer from high transmission delays, high bandwidth consumption, and inability to perform real-time spectrum analysis due to the full back transmission of massive amounts of raw data.

[0083] Key Point 4: Wired + Wireless (WIFI + 4G) Multi-mode Transmission Breaks Distance and Scene Limitations To address the issues of traditional wired transmission being constrained by cabling and insufficient coverage of single wireless transmission, this invention adds a WIFI+4G module to gigabit Ethernet to construct a multi-mode transmission link.

[0084] Technical solution: Within the coverage area of ​​the operator's base station, the device can be remotely controlled and real-time data can be viewed through the built-in IoT card, and the collected data can be synchronously stored to the cloud server.

[0085] The technical problem solved: the physical distance limitation of traditional wired / wireless transmission.

[0086] The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module is the core of the system. Its PL (FPGA) section is directly connected to the data output lines of the multi-channel high-speed ADC module via parallel I / O ports, enabling hardware-level parallel data reception. Internally, the PL incorporates logic for data packaging, FIFO buffering, and AXI4-Stream interface conversion, efficiently transmitting the ADC data stream to the PS (Power Supply) end via the AXI4-Full bus. The PS end runs a Linux operating system and customized application software, responsible for overall system control. Upon receiving data, the PS end, based on a preset "working mode" (set by commands from the host computer or cloud), calls the built-in FFT algorithm library (such as the FFTW library optimized using the ARM NEON instruction set) to perform real-time spectrum analysis, or directly compresses and packages the raw data.

[0087] The specific implementation of the synchronization control module is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the CPLD synchronization control module receives a 1PPS (pulses per second) signal and a high-stability clock from the GPS / BeiDou module as a reference. The PS terminal writes the sampling rate division coefficients for each channel to the CPLD via the I2C bus. Based on these coefficients, the CPLD's internal logic divides the reference clock to generate independent sampling clocks (SCLK) and trigger signals (CNV) for each channel. This design ensures that even if the sampling rates of each channel are different, their sampling times are strictly synchronized with the absolute time reference. The CPLD's I2C slave interface incorporates a state machine that counts and verifies each received control byte. If a byte is lost or out of order, a reset signal is generated to clear the buffer, waiting for the master to retransmit, thus improving communication reliability.

[0088] In the implementation of the multi-mode communication module, Gigabit Ethernet is used for high-speed data export in a laboratory environment; Wi-Fi (such as supporting 802.11ac) is used for convenient wireless access in the field; and a 4G module (with a built-in IoT card) is used for remote communication. In 4G remote mode, the application on the PS side acts as an MQTT client, establishing a TLS encrypted connection with an MQTT broker server (such as EMQX) deployed in the cloud. Device status information (heartbeat packets) and collected data are published to specific topics, and the cloud control center can receive data by subscribing to these topics. Conversely, control commands from the cloud are also issued through topics subscribed to by the device, achieving bidirectional communication.

[0089] Data Flow: After preprocessing at the PL end, the ADC sampled data is directly written to the PS end's DDR memory via DMA. The PS end application reads data blocks from the DDR. If in "FFT mode," the FFT engine is invoked for processing, and the obtained spectrum amplitude / phase data is sent to the communication module via a Socket or MQTT interface. If in "raw data mode," the raw data is packaged and sent directly. Simultaneously, control commands issued by the host computer or cloud (such as modifying the sampling rate of channel 2 to 100kSPS) are received by the communication module, passed to the PS end application for parsing, and written to the corresponding registers of the CPLD via the I2C bus to achieve dynamic reconfiguration.

[0090] The host computer software can be developed using languages ​​such as C# or Python, and provides a graphical interface. It supports automatic searching and connection to acquisition devices within the same local area network (via WIFI or Ethernet), provides a rich parameter configuration panel, and can display multi-channel data in real time in the form of waveform graphs, spectrum graphs, etc., and supports data logging and export.

[0091] The cloud-based control center uses a B / S architecture, accessible to users via a browser. The backend services handle device authentication, connection management, data parsing, and database storage (e.g., InfluxDB time-series database or MySQL relational database). The front-end web page provides a dashboard that centrally displays the status of all online devices and allows for remote sampling task configuration, real-time data stream viewing, and historical data querying and analysis for individual devices.

[0092] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system, characterized in that, include: The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module has a programmable logic terminal connected to a multi-channel high-speed ADC module for parallel acquisition of multi-channel high-frequency data. Its processing system integrates an ARM processor core for running data processing and system control programs; The synchronization control module, connected to the GPS / BeiDou dual-mode timing module, is used to generate a high-precision synchronization clock signal and control the sampling trigger timing of the multi-channel high-speed ADC module based on the clock signal to ensure multi-channel sampling synchronization. A multi-channel high-speed ADC module is used to convert analog signals into digital signals and perform synchronous sampling under the control of the synchronization control module; The multi-mode communication module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module to establish wired and wireless communication links, enabling data interaction and command transmission with the host computer or cloud server. The storage module is connected to the processing system end of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module and is used to cache and store the collected data; The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module interacts with the processing system terminal via an AXI high-bandwidth bus for data and control information exchange. The processing system terminal is used to process the collected data in real time and transmit it via the multi-mode communication module.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization control module is a CPLD or FPGA, which communicates with the processing system of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module via an I2C bus, receives sampling rate control parameters, and generates independent sampling clocks for different ADC channels accordingly, realizing multi-channel independent and adjustable synchronous sampling. The sampling rate division coefficient is determined by the following formula: ； in, This represents the i-th channel. Sampling frequency division system Indicates the system reference clock frequency. This indicates the target sampling rate for the current channel.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module integrates an FFT algorithm engine on its PS end for real-time fast Fourier transform of the acquired raw time-domain data to obtain frequency-domain data. The system supports selecting to transmit either the raw time-domain data or the FFT-processed frequency-domain data. The size of the high-frequency data acquisition file is determined by the following formula: ; in, This represents the i-th channel. Indicates the size of the acquisition file for the channel. Indicates the current target sampling rate of the channel. Indicates the total collection time. Indicates the bit width of the sampled data.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-mode communication module integrates WIFI and 4G communication units. The 4G communication unit establishes a secure long connection with the cloud server based on the MQTT protocol for remote configuration distribution, status monitoring, and data uploading. The WIFI communication unit is used for high-speed data interaction with the host computer in the local area network.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The AXI high-bandwidth bus includes the AXI4-Full bus for massive data stream transmission and the AXI4-Lite bus for control register access.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The I2C receiving unit of the synchronization control module has a byte verification and fault tolerance mechanism. When the number of received control bytes is incorrect, the receiving buffer is automatically reset.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 6, characterized in that, It also includes a host computer software that can connect to the system via gigabit Ethernet or WIFI to configure sampling parameters, display real-time time-domain / frequency-domain waveforms, export data, and perform post-processing analysis.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a cloud control center, which is connected to the system's 4G communication unit via the Internet to enable remote access management of multiple devices, distribution of sampling tasks, real-time data visualization, cloud storage and query of historical data, and device status alarms.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8, characterized in that, The workflow of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module includes: The parallel data stream is received from the multi-channel high-speed ADC module through the programmable logic terminal; The data stream is transferred to the DDR memory connected to the processing system via the DMA controller. The ARM processor on the processing system side selects to perform real-time FFT transformation on the data in DDR or directly forward it according to preset or remotely issued instructions; The processed data is sent to the host computer or cloud server via a multi-mode communication module.

10. A control method based on the high-frequency data acquisition and synchronization control system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The synchronization control module generates a synchronization trigger signal based on a high-precision timing clock to control the multi-channel high-speed ADC module for data acquisition. The programmable logic terminal of the ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module receives and buffers ADC data, and transmits the data to the PS terminal via the AXI bus; The ZYNQ heterogeneous processing module's processing system performs real-time data processing, including directly forwarding the original time-domain data or performing FFT transformation to obtain frequency-domain data. Depending on the communication link status and application requirements, the processed data and system status information are sent to the local host computer or remote cloud control center via wired, WIFI or 4G networks in the multi-mode communication module. It receives configuration commands from the host computer or cloud control center and dynamically adjusts the sampling rate, processing mode and communication method.

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