A dangerous rock mass danger grading method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of dangerous rock mass prevention and treatment, and in particular to a dangerous rock mass danger grading method, device, equipment and medium. According to the covering layer and vegetation characteristics of the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located, the slope gradient and the shape of the rolling stone, the covering layer and vegetation characteristic coefficient, the slope gradient coefficient and the rolling stone shape coefficient are determined. According to the covering layer and vegetation characteristic coefficient, the slope gradient coefficient and the rolling stone shape coefficient, the acceleration of the rolling stone along the slope surface is calculated. According to the acceleration and the vertical drop of the dangerous rock mass from the harmful object, the impact velocity of the rolling stone is calculated. According to the impact velocity of the rolling stone, the mass of the rolling stone of the dangerous rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer, the impact energy of the rolling stone is calculated. According to the impact energy of the rolling stone, the preset impact energy threshold and the stability grade of the dangerous rock mass, the danger grading of the dangerous rock mass is determined. The dependence on the personal experience of the evaluation personnel in the grading process is reduced, and the repeatability and comparability of the evaluation results are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass prevention and control, specifically to a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for classifying the hazard of rock masses. Background Technology

[0002] According to the "Code for Engineering Geological Investigation and Prevention of Dangerous Rock Mass in Hydropower Projects", the risk classification of dangerous rock mass is determined comprehensively based on factors such as the size and stability of the dangerous rock mass. Considering the actual situation on site, the risk of dangerous rock mass should also be related to the height of its distribution location from the target object. The higher the distribution location, the greater the potential energy, the stronger the destructive force, and the relatively higher the risk.

[0003] The existing standards for classifying the hazard of unstable rock masses are determined comprehensively based on factors such as the size and stability of the unstable rock mass. Although it is proposed that the location and elevation difference of the unstable rock mass will affect the determination of the hazard level, the current standards and related research results do not provide clear quantitative indicators for the relationship between the distribution height of the unstable rock mass and the hazard. This makes the quantifiable factors in the hazard classification standards incomplete, and the assessment of the distribution height of the unstable rock mass relies too much on experience and subjective judgment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, apparatus, equipment and medium for classifying the hazard of dangerous rock masses, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for classifying the hazard of unstable rock masses, including:

[0007] Based on the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation, slope gradient, and shape of the rolling stones on the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located, determine the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope gradient coefficient, and rolling stone shape coefficient.

[0008] The acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope is calculated based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones.

[0009] Calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object;

[0010] The impact energy of the rolling stones is calculated based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass of the unstable rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0011] The hazard classification of the unstable rock mass is determined based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, the preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

[0012] Preferably, determining the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope gradient coefficient, and boulder shape coefficient based on the cover layer and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient, and boulder shape of the slope where the unstable rock mass is located includes:

[0013] Based on the thickness of the cover layer and the degree of vegetation development, the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficients are determined according to a preset classification table of cover layer and vegetation characteristics.

[0014] The slope coefficient is determined based on the actual slope value of the slope;

[0015] Based on the shape characteristics of the rolling stones, the rolling stone shape coefficient is determined according to a preset rolling stone shape classification table.

[0016] Preferably, the acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope is calculated based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones, satisfying the following:

[0017] ,

[0018] in, For acceleration, The coefficients representing the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation. This refers to the slope coefficient. This represents the shape coefficient of the rolling stone.

[0019] 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the step of calculating the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object satisfies:

[0020] ,

[0021] ,

[0022] in, The impact speed of the rolling stone, denoted as , where h is the slope distance and h is the vertical drop.

[0023] Preferably, the step of calculating the impact energy of the rolling stone based on the impact velocity of the rolling stone, the mass of the rolling stone in the unstable rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer includes:

[0024] The impact force of the rolling stone is calculated using the impact force calculation formula based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass, the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, the buffer layer thickness, the buffer layer density, and the buffer layer Poisson's ratio. The rolling stone impact force... ;

[0025] Where V is the impact velocity of the rolling stone, Q is the mass of the rolling stone, E is the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, G is the gravitational acceleration, H is the thickness of the buffer layer, P is the density of the buffer layer, and M is the Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0026] Based on the impact force of the rolling stone and the vertical drop, the impact energy of the rolling stone is calculated using an energy calculation formula, wherein the impact energy of the rolling stone... .

[0027] Preferably, the preset impact energy threshold is set according to the nominal protection energy level of the passive protection net in the project.

[0028] Preferably, determining the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass includes:

[0029] A qualitative analysis was conducted based on the geological structure characteristics and deformation patterns of the unstable rock mass, and the stability coefficient was calculated using the limit equilibrium method.

[0030] Based on the stability coefficient, and in accordance with the preset stability grading standard, the stability level of the unstable rock mass is determined. The stability level includes unstable, poorly stable, basically stable, or stable.

[0031] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is unstable or poor, the hazard classification is determined to be high.

[0032] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be high.

[0033] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium.

[0034] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium.

[0035] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be low.

[0036] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a dangerous rock mass hazard classification device, comprising:

[0037] The coefficient module is used to determine the cover and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope coefficient, and rockfall shape coefficient based on the cover and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient, and rockfall shape of the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located.

[0038] An acceleration module is used to calculate the acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones.

[0039] The impact velocity module is used to calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object.

[0040] The impact energy module is used to calculate the impact energy of the rolling stones based on the impact velocity of the rolling stones, the mass of the rolling stones in the dangerous rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0041] The hazard classification module is used to determine the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

[0042] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including: at least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0043] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect described above.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. This invention expands and clarifies the criteria for classifying the hazard of unstable rock masses from the traditional scale and stability to include the physical quantity of vertical drop and its resulting impact energy. By combining vertical drop with slope cover characteristics, slope gradient, and boulder shape parameters, and through chain calculations of acceleration, impact velocity, and impact energy, a quantitative estimate of the potential destructive force that may be caused by the instability of an unstable rock mass is achieved. This makes vertical drop, a factor that has long been recognized but not quantitatively considered in classification standards, an evaluation indicator with a clear calculation path and numerical results.

[0046] 2. This invention compares the calculated impact energy of a boulder rolling with a preset impact energy threshold and combines this with the stability level of the unstable rock mass to form a structured classification decision rule. This rule considers both the stability of the disaster occurrence and the impact energy of the disaster consequences, outputting a comprehensive hazard level. This changes the past practice of mainly relying on a single stability criterion or subjective comprehensive judgment, making the classification process have clearer logical steps and objective quantitative basis.

[0047] 3. This invention realizes a comprehensive quantitative assessment process from on-site observable and measurable parameters to the final hazard level. All input parameters, such as overburden characteristics, slope, drop, and morphology and mass of falling rocks, can be obtained through on-site investigation, measurement, or experimentation; all calculation steps follow a well-defined mathematical model. This reduces reliance on the personal experience of assessors during the grading process, improves the repeatability and comparability of assessment results, and provides a standardized operational framework for the assessment of rock mass hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the hazardous rock mass hazard classification method provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hazardous rock mass hazard classification device provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0053] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0054] It should be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signals, information, or data in this invention are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the locality and with authorization from the owner of the relevant device.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for classifying the hazard of dangerous rock masses, including:

[0057] S1. Determine the cover layer and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient and boulders shape coefficient based on the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation, slope gradient and boulders shape coefficient of the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located.

[0058] Among them, the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation refer to the material composition and plant growth status of the slope surface where the dangerous rock mass is located, which are key surface conditions affecting the resistance and collision energy of the rolling stone movement. For example, the slope may be composed entirely of exposed bedrock, or it may be covered with soil layers or gravel layers of varying thicknesses, and may be accompanied by vegetation of different developmental stages such as grass, shrubs or trees.

[0059] Slope gradient refers to the degree of inclination of the slope surface where the unstable rock mass is located, usually expressed as the angle between the horizontal plane and the slope surface or as a percentage gradient. This parameter directly determines the component of gravity in the slope direction and is a major topographic factor controlling the acceleration or deceleration of rolling rocks.

[0060] The shape of a rolling rock refers to the geometric shape of the block that may form and participate in the movement after the unstable rock mass becomes unstable, such as approximately spherical, elongated, plate-like, or irregular. Different shapes affect its contact with the slope surface, rolling efficiency, and air resistance.

[0061] This step aims to transform the qualitative or semi-quantitative geological and morphological descriptions obtained from field investigations into a set of standardized coefficients that can be used for subsequent mechanical calculations. This is achieved by mapping the observed cover layer and vegetation type, measured slope values, and inferred boulder shapes to characteristic coefficients, slope coefficients, and shape coefficients with definite values ​​or levels, according to pre-defined correspondence rules. This transformation process standardizes the complex and diverse field conditions into unified mathematical model input parameters, laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative analysis and avoiding inconsistencies arising from reliance on subjective experience.

[0062] In some embodiments, determining the overburden and vegetation characteristic coefficients, slope gradient coefficients, and boulder shape coefficients based on the overburden and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient, and boulder shape of the slope where the unstable rock mass is located includes:

[0063] Based on the thickness of the cover layer and the degree of vegetation development, the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficients are determined according to a preset classification table of cover layer and vegetation characteristics.

[0064] The slope coefficient is determined based on the actual slope value of the slope;

[0065] Based on the shape characteristics of the rolling stones, the rolling stone shape coefficient is determined according to a preset rolling stone shape classification table.

[0066] Specifically, the thickness of the overburden layer and the degree of vegetation development refer to the vertical depth of loose deposits (such as soil, weathered debris, and colluvium) on the surface of the slope where the unstable rock mass is located. The degree of vegetation development is a comprehensive evaluation of the density, species composition, and soil-stabilizing effect of the vegetation (such as herbs, shrubs, and trees) covering the slope surface. For example, a slope may have a thick layer of soil exceeding one meter and be covered with lush trees, or it may have only scattered herbaceous plants growing on a localized shallow overburden, or it may be entirely bare bedrock.

[0067] The pre-defined classification table of cover layer and vegetation characteristics refers to a pre-established table that maps different cover layer thickness ranges and vegetation development statuses to specific numerical coefficients. This table is built upon engineering experience and statistical analysis, aiming to discretize and standardize continuous, descriptive geological and ecological characteristics for inclusion in mathematical models.

[0068] The actual slope value of a slope refers to the angle or percentage slope between the slope surface where the unstable rock mass is located and the horizontal plane, obtained through on-site measurements (such as using a geological compass or inclinometer) or topographic map analysis. This is a continuous geometric parameter that can be obtained directly.

[0069] The shape characteristics of rolling stones refer to the main categories of geometric shapes that may be formed in three-dimensional space after the unstable rock mass. For example, the proportional relationship of its length, width and height is close to that of a sphere, cube, long column or flat plate.

[0070] The pre-defined rolling stone shape classification table is a pre-defined table that maps typical rolling stone geometric shapes to specific numerical coefficients. This table is based on the physical understanding or experimental observations of the motion behavior of different shaped blocks (such as rolling, sliding, and jumping), and is used to quantify the influence of shape on motion resistance and mode.

[0071] This process is a parameter standardization preprocessing stage before subsequent quantitative mechanical calculations. For cover layer and vegetation characteristics, the operator needs to conduct on-site investigation to determine the thickness range of the cover layer and the stage of vegetation development, and then consult a pre-set classification table to find the descriptive item that matches perfectly or is closest to it, thereby reading and determining the corresponding characteristic coefficient values. For slope gradient, the measured or extracted slope values ​​are directly used as slope coefficients, realizing direct input of terrain features. For the shape of boulders, it is necessary to infer the main block shape categories that may be generated after instability based on the analysis of the development characteristics of the unstable rock mass structure, and then determine its shape coefficient by consulting the corresponding shape classification table. The qualitative on-site descriptions (cover layer, vegetation, shape) and original measurement data (slope), which were originally difficult to use directly for formula calculations, are systematically transformed into input parameters with clear numerical meaning required by the model. By using table lookup and assignment, it is ensured that different assessors can obtain consistent results based on unified standards when determining parameters for the same site, significantly reducing the differences in subjective judgment and providing a basis for the repeatability and comparability of subsequent calculations. At the same time, using the measured slope value directly as the coefficient also simplifies the parameter acquisition process.

[0072] S2. Calculate the acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones.

[0073] In this invention, acceleration specifically refers to the rate of change of the velocity of a rolling stone as it moves along a slope surface under the combined effects of gravity, friction, and collision. This parameter is a vector, its direction is along the slope surface, and its magnitude reflects the degree to which the rolling stone is accelerated in a specific slope section.

[0074] This step, based on the coefficients determined in step S1, calculates the acceleration of the rolling stone movement using a pre-established mathematical formula. This formula reflects the combined influence of cover layer and vegetation characteristics, slope angle, and stone shape on the rolling stone movement. By substituting the coefficient values ​​into this formula, an acceleration value characterizing the typical rolling stone movement in this specific slope environment can be obtained. This step integrates the influence of multiple environmental and morphological factors into a single key kinematic parameter, making it possible to predict dynamic behavior from static characteristics, thus bridging environmental description and motion analysis.

[0075] In some embodiments, the acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope is calculated based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones, satisfying the following:

[0076] ,

[0077] in, For acceleration, The coefficients representing the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation. This refers to the slope coefficient. The numerical value is equal to the slope gradient. This represents the shape coefficient of the rolling stone.

[0078] S3. Calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object;

[0079] Vertical drop refers to the difference in height in the vertical direction between the potential instability in the unstable rock mass and the location of the specific object it is about to threaten (such as buildings, roads, facilities, etc.). This parameter is a fundamental geometric quantity for calculating the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy.

[0080] Impact velocity refers to the speed at which the rolling stone moves towards the location of the hazardous object just before collision. It is the core variable in kinetic energy calculation and directly determines the severity of the impact.

[0081] This step utilizes the slope acceleration calculated in step S2 and the vertical drop involved in step S1 to solve for the final velocity of the rolling stone upon reaching the hazardous target using kinematic formulas. The principle is to simplify the modeling of the rolling stone's motion along a complex slope, assuming that under average motion conditions represented by acceleration, it accelerates from rest along a path equivalent to the vertical drop, thus obtaining a velocity estimate before collision. This step derives the key indicator of the motion outcome (collision velocity) from the description of the motion process (acceleration), quantifying the potential energy conversion and the effect of the motion process into a velocity value directly used to assess destructive force.

[0082] In some implementations, the rockfall impact velocity is calculated based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object, satisfying the following:

[0083] ,

[0084] ,

[0085] in, The impact speed of the rolling stone, denoted as , where h is the slope distance and h is the vertical drop.

[0086] S4. Calculate the impact energy of the rolling stones based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass of the dangerous rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0087] The mass of the rolling stones is calculated by multiplying the volume of the rolling stones by the density of the rock mass they constitute; it is a physical quantity that characterizes the magnitude of the rolling stones' inertia. The volume is usually estimated through on-site investigations to determine the typical block size that might result after the unstable rock mass becomes instable.

[0088] The elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of a buffer layer are parameters describing the mechanical properties of the medium (such as soil, protective cushion layers, and structural base materials) to which a hazardous object may be subjected to impact. The elastic modulus reflects the material's ability to resist elastic deformation, thickness refers to the vertical dimension of the buffer medium, density is the mass per unit volume, and Poisson's ratio reflects the ratio of lateral to longitudinal deformation. Together, they define the response characteristics of the buffer layer under impact.

[0089] Impact energy refers to the mechanical energy transferred to an object through work during the impact of a rolling stone, which may cause damage. It is typically calculated based on a simplified model of the impact force and the deformation characteristics of the buffer layer.

[0090] This step aims to assess the amount of energy transferred when a boulder impacts a hazardous object. It is achieved by first calculating the impact force of the boulder on the buffer layer using an impact mechanics model, based on the impact velocity obtained in step S3, the mass of the boulder introduced in step S4, and a series of material mechanical parameters of the buffer layer. This model considers impact momentum, material stiffness, and damping characteristics. Subsequently, this impact force is combined with the vertical drop (or equivalent stroke) characterizing the impact process to calculate the mechanical energy involved in the impact. This step completes the quantitative assessment from motion parameters (velocity) and object properties (mass, buffer characteristics) to the final destructive potential (impact energy), providing a core, quantifiable physical basis for hazard classification.

[0091] In some embodiments, calculating the impact energy of the rolling stones based on the impact velocity of the rolling stones, the mass of the rolling stones in the unstable rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer includes:

[0092] The impact force of the rolling stone is calculated using the impact force calculation formula based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass, the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, the buffer layer thickness, the buffer layer density, and the buffer layer Poisson's ratio. The rolling stone impact force... ;

[0093] Where V is the impact velocity of the rolling stone, Q is the mass of the rolling stone, E is the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, G is the gravitational acceleration, H is the thickness of the buffer layer, P is the density of the buffer layer, and M is the Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0094] Based on the impact force of the rolling stone and the vertical drop, the impact energy of the rolling stone is calculated using an energy calculation formula, wherein the impact energy of the rolling stone... .

[0095] S5. Determine the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, the preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

[0096] The preset impact energy threshold refers to a pre-defined reference value for impact energy used to classify different levels of danger. This threshold can be determined based on the design standards of the protective engineering, historical disaster data, or risk acceptance level, serving as a threshold for judging the level of impact energy.

[0097] The stability level of a dangerous rock mass refers to a qualitative or semi-quantitative classification and evaluation of the possibility of instability of a dangerous rock mass under natural conditions, based on geological exploration, deformation monitoring, or stability calculations. For example, it can be divided into levels such as stable, basically stable, poorly stable, and unstable.

[0098] Hazard classification refers to the final classification of the severity of the potential harm caused by a rock mass, taking into account both the magnitude of the impact energy and the stability of the rock mass itself. For example, it can be divided into levels such as high, medium, and low hazard.

[0099] This step is the process of comprehensively assessing and outputting the final risk level. It is implemented by comparing the impact energy value calculated in step S4 with a preset impact energy threshold to determine the relative level of impact energy. Simultaneously, it incorporates the stability level of the unstable rock mass itself, assessed independently of the motion process. Based on a set of established classification rules, the comparison results of impact energy (e.g., above or below the threshold) are combined and mapped with stability levels (e.g., stable, basically stable, etc.) to determine a comprehensive hazard classification result. This step, by introducing external defense standards and inherent instability probability, modifies and synthesizes the purely physical energy calculation results in an engineering sense. This ensures that the final classification result reflects both the strength of potential destructive power and the probability of disaster events, thus providing a more comprehensive basis for risk management decisions.

[0100] In some embodiments, the preset impact energy threshold is set according to the nominal protection energy level of the passive protection net in the project.

[0101] In engineering, passive protection netting refers to flexible or semi-rigid mesh protective structures installed in slope engineering to intercept and dissipate energy. They are typically installed at appropriate locations on the slope toe or surface to passively withstand and prevent falling rocks. Their design is based on a certain energy absorption capacity.

[0102] The nominal protection level, provided by the passive protection net manufacturer or relevant design specifications, indicates the maximum impact energy that the net can safely absorb under standard testing conditions, usually measured in kilojoules. For example, common protective nets have nominal protection levels of 500 kilojoules, 1000 kilojoules, and 3000 kilojoules.

[0103] This step clarifies a specific and objective method for setting the preset impact energy threshold. In engineering practice, the design capability of the protective structure directly reflects the technical standards of the project for acceptable risk or the intensity of disasters it needs to withstand. Therefore, linking the energy threshold used for hazard classification with the nominal protection energy level of the passive protective netting actually used or planned for the project is a logically sound method. In practice, the nominal protection energy level of the selected protective netting type can be directly used as the impact energy threshold for comparison in step S5. This method directly links the hazard classification standard with the specific protective design level of the project. The classification result can thus intuitively reflect whether the potential impact energy of the unstable rock mass exceeds the resistance capability of existing or planned protective measures. For example, if the calculated impact energy is higher than the protective netting energy level, it means that the existing protection may be insufficient, and the hazard level is correspondingly increased; conversely, it is relatively safe. Through this setting, theoretical risk assessment is combined with the actual disaster prevention capability of the project, making the classification conclusions directly instructive on whether the project needs to strengthen protection or adjust the design scheme, improving the practicality and engineering relevance of the assessment results, and avoiding the disconnect between the classification standard and the actual protection capability.

[0104] In some embodiments, determining the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass includes:

[0105] A qualitative analysis was conducted based on the geological structure characteristics and deformation patterns of the unstable rock mass, and the stability coefficient was calculated using the limit equilibrium method.

[0106] Based on the stability coefficient, and in accordance with the preset stability grading standard, the stability level of the unstable rock mass is determined. The stability level includes unstable, poorly stable, basically stable, or stable.

[0107] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is unstable or poor, the hazard classification is determined to be high.

[0108] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be high.

[0109] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium.

[0110] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium.

[0111] If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be low.

[0112] Among them, geological structural characteristics and deformation signs refer to the geological structural elements existing within and at the boundaries of the unstable rock mass that control its stability, such as the occurrence, density, continuity, and combination relationships of joints, fissures, bedding, and faults in the rock mass, as well as the connection status between the unstable rock mass and the parent rock. Deformation signs refer to observable evidence of displacement or morphological changes that have occurred in the unstable rock mass, such as crack opening, crushing, local collapse, slope bulging or settlement, and the tilting of attached vegetation.

[0113] The limit equilibrium method is a classical mechanical calculation method used to analyze the stability of rock and soil masses. Based on the principle of static equilibrium, this method calculates the stability coefficient of a rock mass under specific conditions by analyzing the resisting force and sliding force acting on a potential sliding surface. The calculation typically considers factors such as the weight of the rock mass, structural surface strength parameters, water pressure, and seismic forces.

[0114] The stability coefficient is a dimensionless value calculated using the limit equilibrium method, representing the ratio of the resisting force to the sliding force. This coefficient directly reflects the safety reserve or instability probability of a rock mass in its current state. A stability coefficient of 1 indicates a state of limit equilibrium, a coefficient greater than 1 indicates a stable state, and a coefficient less than 1 indicates an unstable state.

[0115] A pre-defined stability grading standard refers to a pre-set benchmark or threshold range that divides continuously calculated stability coefficient values ​​into different stability levels. This standard is usually based on theoretical analysis, engineering experience, and specification requirements. For example, it may specify that a stability coefficient less than 1.05 is unstable, 1.05 to 1.15 is poorly stable, 1.15 to 1.30 is basically stable, and greater than 1.30 is stable.

[0116] Specifically, this step clarifies that the stability level of a dangerous rock mass is based on a comprehensive assessment combining systematic qualitative analysis of engineering geology with quantitative mechanical calculations (limit equilibrium method), and is classified according to preset standards. It specifically stipulates how to combine the stability level with the comparison results of the rockfall impact energy relative to a threshold to arrive at the final hazard classification. The core rule is that an extremely high probability of instability (unstable or poorly stable) directly determines a high hazard, regardless of the magnitude of the impact energy. For dangerous rock masses with a certain stability reserve (basically stable or stable), their hazard level needs to be comprehensively determined by considering whether their potential destructive force (impact energy) exceeds the engineering design standard (impact energy threshold). If the impact energy reaches or exceeds the threshold, the hazard level is increased by one level; if it is below the threshold, the lower hazard level corresponding to the stability level is maintained. This set of rules constructs a clear and logically rigorous comprehensive assessment system. It systematically couples stability factors, which characterize the probability of a disaster, with impact energy factors, which characterize the severity of the consequences once a disaster occurs. This classification method avoids the one-sidedness of assessments based on a single indicator, enabling the final hazard classification result to more comprehensively and reasonably reflect the overall risk level of the unstable rock mass. For example, a relatively stable unstable rock mass may still be classified as high-risk if its calculated impact energy is enormous due to its high location and large drop, exceeding the protective capacity. This reminds managers that even if the probability of instability is low, they still need to pay attention to its enormous potential destructive power. This set of rules provides specific and operational classification criteria for risk management and engineering decision-making.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] Please see Figure 2 This invention provides a hazard classification device for unstable rock masses, comprising:

[0119] The coefficient module 201 is used to determine the cover and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope coefficient and rolling stone shape coefficient based on the cover and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient and rolling stone shape of the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located.

[0120] Acceleration module 202 is used to calculate the acceleration of the rolling stone moving along the slope based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient and the shape coefficient of the rolling stone.

[0121] The impact velocity module 203 is used to calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object.

[0122] The impact energy module 204 is used to calculate the impact energy of the rolling stone based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass of the dangerous rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer.

[0123] The hazard classification module 205 is used to determine the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

[0124] It should be noted that each module and unit in the dangerous rock mass hazard classification device in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each step in the dangerous rock mass hazard classification method in the aforementioned embodiment. Therefore, the specific implementation method of this embodiment can refer to the implementation method of the aforementioned dangerous rock mass hazard classification method, and will not be repeated here.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] Please see Figure 3 This embodiment provides an electronic device, including at least one processor 301 and a memory 302. Optionally, the device further includes a communication component 303. The processor 301, memory 302, and communication component 303 are connected via a bus 304.

[0127] In a specific implementation, at least one processor 301 executes computer execution instructions stored in memory 302, causing at least one processor 301 to perform the above-described method.

[0128] The specific implementation process of processor 301 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0129] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0130] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0131] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0132] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0133] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0134] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0135] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0136] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0137] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0138] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0139] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0141] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for classifying the hazard of unstable rock masses, characterized in that, include: Based on the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation, slope gradient, and shape of the rolling stones on the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located, determine the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope gradient coefficient, and rolling stone shape coefficient. The acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope is calculated based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones. Calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object; The impact energy of the rolling stones is calculated based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass of the unstable rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer. The hazard classification of the unstable rock mass is determined based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, the preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficients, slope gradient coefficients, and boulder shape coefficients based on the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation, slope gradient, and boulder shape on the slope where the unstable rock mass is located includes: Based on the thickness of the cover layer and the degree of vegetation development, the cover layer and vegetation characteristic coefficients are determined according to a preset classification table of cover layer and vegetation characteristics. The slope coefficient is determined based on the actual slope value of the slope; Based on the shape characteristics of the rolling stones, the rolling stone shape coefficient is determined according to a preset rolling stone shape classification table.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope is calculated based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones, satisfying the following: ， in, For acceleration, The coefficients representing the characteristics of the cover layer and vegetation. This refers to the slope coefficient. This represents the shape coefficient of the rolling stone.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact velocity of the rolling stone is calculated based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object, satisfying the following: ， ， in, The impact speed of the rolling stone, denoted as , where h is the slope distance and h is the vertical drop.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the impact energy of the rolling stones based on the impact velocity of the rolling stones, the mass of the rolling stones in the unstable rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer includes: The impact force of the rolling stone is calculated using the impact force calculation formula based on the rolling stone impact velocity, the rolling stone mass, the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, the buffer layer thickness, the buffer layer density, and the buffer layer Poisson's ratio. The rolling stone impact force... ; Where V is the impact velocity of the rolling stone, Q is the mass of the rolling stone, E is the elastic modulus of the buffer layer, G is the gravitational acceleration, H is the thickness of the buffer layer, P is the density of the buffer layer, and M is the Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer. Based on the impact force of the rolling stone and the vertical drop, the impact energy of the rolling stone is calculated using an energy calculation formula, wherein the impact energy of the rolling stone... .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset impact energy threshold is set according to the nominal protection energy level of the passive protection net in the project.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass includes: A qualitative analysis was conducted based on the geological structure characteristics and deformation patterns of the unstable rock mass, and the stability coefficient was calculated using the limit equilibrium method. Based on the stability coefficient, and in accordance with the preset stability grading standard, the stability level of the unstable rock mass is determined. The stability level includes unstable, poorly stable, basically stable, or stable. If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is unstable or poor, the hazard classification is determined to be high. If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be high. If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is basically stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium. If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable, and the impact energy of the rolling stones is greater than or equal to the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be medium. If the stability level of the unstable rock mass is stable and the impact energy of the rolling stones is less than the preset impact energy threshold, then its hazard level is determined to be low.

8. A hazard classification device for unstable rock masses, characterized in that, include: The coefficient module is used to determine the cover and vegetation characteristic coefficient, slope coefficient, and rockfall shape coefficient based on the cover and vegetation characteristics, slope gradient, and rockfall shape of the slope where the dangerous rock mass is located. An acceleration module is used to calculate the acceleration of the rolling stones moving along the slope based on the characteristic coefficients of the cover layer and vegetation, the slope gradient coefficient, and the shape coefficient of the rolling stones. The impact velocity module is used to calculate the impact velocity of the rolling stone based on the acceleration and the vertical drop of the unstable rock mass from the hazardous object. The impact energy module is used to calculate the impact energy of the rolling stones based on the impact velocity of the rolling stones, the mass of the rolling stones in the dangerous rock mass, and the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio of the buffer layer. The hazard classification module is used to determine the hazard classification of the unstable rock mass based on the impact energy of the rolling stone, a preset impact energy threshold, and the stability level of the unstable rock mass.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor, at least one memory, and computer program instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, The method as described in any one of claims 1-7 is implemented when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor.

Images