A composition capable of preventing and treating pests and diseases of pineapples and improving the quality of pineapples, and a preparation method and use method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of pineapple disease and pest control, and provides a composition capable of preventing and treating pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality, a preparation method and a use method thereof, wherein the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Stachys byzantina leaf, 7-9 parts of Sinomenium acutum leaf, 18-22 parts of Azadirachta indica leaf, 5-8 parts of Artemisia annua and 16-20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf, wherein the natural plant is used as raw material for extraction to prepare a natural plant extract, and the natural plant extract is applied to pineapples to effectively prevent and treat common diseases and pests such as pineapple wilt disease in pineapple fields. In the raw material selection process, the leaves of Stachys byzantina, Sinomenium acutum and other plants are fully utilized. These parts are not the commonly used medicinal parts of such plants, and collecting the leaves will not cause serious damage to the plant body, which will neither affect the production of conventional medicines nor be conducive to the sustainable use of resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pineapple pest and disease control technology, and in particular to a composition that can control pineapple pests and diseases and improve pineapple quality, as well as its preparation method and application method. Background Technology

[0002] Pineapple wilt is a serious global disease caused by the pineapple wilt virus. It is mainly spread by mealybugs (such as the pineapple mealybug) and often spreads with the help of ants. The disease damages the leaves and roots, causing the roots to stop growing and die, the leaves to turn red and curl downwards, and the whole plant to wilt. In severe cases, it can cause a yield loss of 10-60%.

[0003] The main control methods currently focus on the following aspects: New pineapple planting areas must select seedlings from disease-free fields. Before planting, the seedlings should be soaked in solutions of dimethoate or dichlorvos and then dried upside down to kill any hidden mealybugs. During the planting process, it is also necessary to closely monitor the occurrence of mealybugs and promptly spray with pesticides such as 40% dimethoate EC at a dilution of 500-800 times, focusing on the soil at the base of the plant and the root collar. Simultaneously, control ant populations to block the spread of the infestation. Once diseased plants are discovered, they should be immediately dug up and burned to prevent further spread.

[0004] However, these control methods have significant problems. Long-term use of chemical pesticides can easily lead to pesticide resistance and environmental pollution, posing a high ecological risk. Although mealybugs move slowly, they migrate rapidly with the help of ants and can spread covertly between plants, making early identification difficult. At the same time, some growers lack sufficient knowledge of disease identification and control techniques, delaying the optimal time for prevention and control.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a control method that is simpler to operate and requires less expertise from growers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composition that can prevent and control pineapple diseases and pests and improve pineapple quality, as well as its preparation method and application method, which can effectively prevent and control pineapple diseases and pests and reduce the amount of chemical pesticides used.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a composition that can prevent and control pineapple diseases and pests and improve pineapple quality, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Delphinium leaf, 7-9 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 18-22 parts of Neem leaf, 5-8 parts of Artemisia annua, and 16-20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

[0008] As a preferred option, the composition includes the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of Delphinium leaf, 8 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 20 parts of Neem leaf, 6-7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 18 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

[0009] Preferably, the leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Neemia spp., and Akebia trifoliata are all fresh leaves, and the Artemisia annua is a fresh whole plant.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composition, comprising the following steps: (1) Weigh out the leaves of Delphinium stenoptera, Stephania tetrandra, Neemia stenoptera, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata according to the proportions, and set aside; (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata, crush them, add water and extract by ultrasonication, filter to obtain extract 1; (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with ethanol solution, heat and extract, and filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with an ethanol solution, soak and extract under ultrasonic conditions, and filter to obtain extract 3; (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the composition.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of water used in step (2) is 6 to 8 times the total mass of the leaves of Delphinium, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata, the temperature of the ultrasonic extraction is 60 to 65°C, the time is 30 to 40 minutes, and the power of the ultrasonic extraction is 15 to 20 kHz and 250 to 500 W.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of ethanol solution used in step (3) is 8 to 10 times the mass of the Stephania tetrandra leaves, the concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is ≥95%, the temperature of the heating extraction is 55 to 60°C, and the heating extraction time is 25 to 35 min.

[0013] Preferably, the amount of ethanol solution used in step (4) is 8 to 10 times the mass of the neem leaf, the concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is ≥95%, the power of the ultrasound is 15 to 20 kHz, 250 to 500 W, and the soaking extraction method is: every 25 to 30 seconds of ultrasound, stop ultrasound for 2 to 4 seconds, continue for 90 to 120 minutes, and the temperature is maintained at 30 to 35℃ during the soaking extraction process.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature during the vacuum concentration process in step (5) is 30~35℃, and the composition obtained after vacuum concentration is a powder composition.

[0015] The present invention also provides a product containing the composition, wherein the dosage form of the product is a suspension.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for using the product, comprising the following steps: spraying once before or at the initial stage of the appearance of pests and diseases in the pineapple field, then spraying once every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive times, and then spraying once a month for 2 to 3 consecutive times.

[0017] Beneficial effects: This invention uses natural plants as raw materials to extract a natural plant extract. When applied to pineapples, this extract can effectively prevent and treat common pineapple diseases and pests such as pineapple wilt. In the selection of raw materials, this invention makes full use of the leaves of plants such as Delphinium serratum and Stephania tetrandra. These parts are not commonly used medicinally on these plants, and collecting the leaves will not cause serious damage to the plants themselves. This will not affect conventional drug production and will promote the sustainable use of resources. After scientific extraction, the components work synergistically, not only specifically inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens but also enhancing the pineapple plant's own disease resistance, thereby reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used and lowering the risk of pesticide residues. Ultimately, this results in the production of pineapple products with fewer pests and diseases and of higher quality. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a composition that can prevent and control pineapple diseases and pests and improve pineapple quality, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Delphinium leaf, 7-9 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 18-22 parts of Neem leaf, 5-8 parts of Artemisia annua, and 16-20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

[0019] In this invention, the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of Delphinium leaf, 8 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 20 parts of Neem leaf, 6-7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 18 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

[0020] In this invention, the leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Neemia spp., and Akebia trifoliata are all fresh leaves, and the Artemisia annua is a fresh whole plant.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composition, comprising the following steps: (1) Weigh out the leaves of Delphinium stenoptera, Stephania tetrandra, Neemia stenoptera, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata according to the proportions, and set aside; (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata, crush them, add water and extract by ultrasonication, filter to obtain extract 1; (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with ethanol solution, heat and extract, and filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with an ethanol solution, soak and extract under ultrasonic conditions, and filter to obtain extract 3; (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the composition.

[0022] In this invention, the amount of water used in step (2) is preferably 6 to 8 times the total mass of the leaves of Delphinium, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata, more preferably 7 times; the temperature of the ultrasonic extraction is preferably 60 to 65°C, more preferably 62 to 63°C; the time is preferably 30 to 40 min, more preferably 35 min; and the ultrasonic power is preferably 15 to 20 kHz, 250 to 500 W, more preferably 17 to 18 kHz, 300 to 350 W.

[0023] In this invention, the amount of ethanol solution used in step (3) is preferably 8 to 10 times the mass of the Stephania tetrandra leaves, more preferably 9 times, the concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is preferably ≥95%, more preferably ≥98%, the temperature of the heating extraction is preferably 55 to 60°C, more preferably 57 to 58°C, and the time of the heating extraction is preferably 25 to 35 min, more preferably 30 min.

[0024] In this invention, the amount of ethanol solution used in step (4) is preferably 8 to 10 times the mass of the neem leaf, more preferably 9 times, the concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is ≥95%, the ultrasonic power is preferably 15 to 20 kHz, 250 to 500 W, more preferably 17 to 18 kHz, 300 to 350 W, the soaking extraction method is preferably: every 25 to 30 seconds of ultrasonication, stop ultrasonication for 2 to 4 seconds, continue for 90 to 120 minutes, more preferably: every 27 to 28 seconds of ultrasonication, stop ultrasonication for 3 seconds, continue for 100 to 110 minutes, the temperature during the soaking extraction process is preferably maintained at 30 to 35°C, more preferably 32 to 33°C.

[0025] In this invention, the temperature during the vacuum concentration process in step (5) is preferably 30~35℃, more preferably 32~33℃, and the composition obtained after vacuum concentration is a powder composition.

[0026] The present invention also provides a product containing the composition, wherein the dosage form of the product is a suspension.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for using the product, comprising the following steps: spraying once before or at the initial stage of the appearance of pests and diseases in the pineapple field, then spraying once every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive times, and then spraying once a month for 2 to 3 consecutive times.

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A method for preparing a composition capable of preventing and controlling pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out fresh leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Amur chinensis, Artemisia annua, and Akebia trifoliata according to the following mass ratio: 10 parts of Delphinium septum leaves, 7 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaves, 22 parts of Amur neem leaves, 8 parts of Artemisia annua, and 16 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaves. Set aside for later use. (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata and crush them. Add 6 times the total mass of water and extract by ultrasonication at 60℃, 20 kHz and 250 W for 40 min. After filtration, extract 1 is obtained. (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with 8 times the mass of ethanol solution (99%), extract at 60℃ for 25 min, filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with 10 times the mass of ethanol solution (95%) and extract them by ultrasonication at 15 kHz and 500 W. During the ultrasonication process, stop the ultrasonication for 4 seconds every 25 seconds, and continue for 90 minutes. The temperature is maintained at 35℃ during the ultrasonication process. After filtration, extract 3 is obtained. (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure at 30°C to obtain a powdered composition.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A method for preparing a composition capable of preventing and controlling pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out fresh leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Amur chinensis, Artemisia annua, and Akebia trifoliata according to the following mass ratio: 12 parts of Delphinium septum leaves, 9 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaves, 18 parts of Melia azedarach leaves, 5 parts of Artemisia annua, and 20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaves. Set aside for later use. (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata and crush them. Add 8 times the total mass of water and extract by ultrasonication at 65℃, 15 kHz and 500 W for 30 min. After filtration, extract 1 is obtained. (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with 10 times the mass of ethanol solution (95%), extract at 55℃ for 35 min, and filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with 8 times the mass of ethanol solution (95%) and extract them by ultrasonication at 20 kHz and 250 W. During the ultrasonication process, stop the ultrasonication for 2 seconds every 30 seconds, and continue for 120 minutes. The temperature is maintained at 30℃ during the ultrasonication process. After filtration, extract 3 is obtained. (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure at 35°C to obtain a powdered composition.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A method for preparing a composition capable of preventing and controlling pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out fresh leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Amur chinensis, Artemisia annua, and Akebia trifoliata according to the following mass ratio: 11 parts of Delphinium septum leaves, 8 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaves, 20 parts of Amur chinaberry leaves, 7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 18 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaves. Set aside for later use. (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata and crush them. Add 7 times the total mass of water and extract by ultrasonication at 62℃, 18 kHz and 350 W for 35 min. After filtration, extract 1 is obtained. (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with 9 times the mass of ethanol solution (96%), extract at 58℃ for 30 min, and filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with 9 times the mass of ethanol solution (96%) and extract them by ultrasonication at 18 kHz and 350 W. During the ultrasonication process, stop the ultrasonication for 3 seconds every 28 seconds, and continue for 100 min. The temperature is maintained at 32℃ during the ultrasonication process. After filtration, extract 3 is obtained. (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure at 32°C to obtain a powdered composition.

[0035] Test case

[0036] 1. Sample preparation

[0037] Three parts of the powdered composition prepared according to Example 1, eight parts of the dispersant (alkylnaphthalene sulfonate), 20 parts of the emulsifier (Span 20), and 69 parts of the vegetable oil were mixed to obtain a suspension, which was named Sample 1.

[0038] Sample 2 was prepared using the powdered composition prepared in Example 2, and Sample 3 was prepared using the powdered composition prepared in Example 3, with the same proportions.

[0039] Note: To reduce the impact of excipients on the results, this experimental example only uses basic dispersants, emulsifiers and other excipients. In actual production, defoamers, thickeners and other additives can be added.

[0040] 2. Pineapple Wilt Disease Prevention Experiment

[0041] Four contiguous pineapple fields, each 1 mu in area, were selected and numbered as experimental groups 1-3 and a control group. None of the four fields exhibited pineapple wilt disease. Sample 1 was sprayed once in experimental group 1, using 250g of the sample diluted in 40L of water. This was repeated every 10 days for three consecutive applications, followed by one application per month for two consecutive applications. Sample 2 was sprayed in experimental group 2, and sample 3 was sprayed in experimental group 3. No treatment was applied to the control group.

[0042] The experimental results showed that pineapple wilt disease appeared in some areas of the pineapple field in the control group, pineapple mealybugs were found in the pineapple leaves, and there were many ants in the soil. Pineapple wilt disease did not subsequently appear in the pineapple fields of experimental groups 1-3, pineapple mealybugs were not found when examining the leaves, and the number of ants in the soil was significantly lower.

[0043] 3. Treatment trial for pineapple wilt disease

[0044] A separate planting area was selected in a region far from the main pineapple fields, and three small pineapple fields, each 100 square meters in size, were planted for the experiment, numbered as experimental groups 4-6. During the early stages of pineapple growth, when no pineapple wilt disease had occurred, pineapple mealybugs isolated from areas where pineapple wilt disease had occurred were artificially introduced into five areas—the four corners and the center—in each experimental group. The number of mealybugs introduced into each group remained consistent.

[0045] When pineapples in experimental group 4 showed initial signs of pineapple wilt disease, 250g of the drug from sample 1 was diluted in 40L of water and sprayed. Spraying was then repeated every 10 days for 3 consecutive applications, followed by monthly applications for 2 consecutive applications. Sample 2 was sprayed in the pineapple field of experimental group 5 using the same method, and sample 3 was sprayed in the pineapple field of experimental group 6.

[0046] The experimental results showed that in the third week after the first application of the medicine, the pineapples in each group began to turn from yellow to green. By the fifth week, most of the diseased plants had recovered to normal, and by the sixth week, they were basically cured. Subsequent observations showed no recurrence of pineapple wilt disease.

[0047] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a composition capable of preventing and controlling pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality, as well as its preparation method and application method. The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Delphinium spp. leaves, 7-9 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaves, 18-22 parts of Neem leaves, 5-8 parts of Artemisia annua, and 16-20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaves. The present invention uses natural plants as raw materials for extraction to obtain a natural plant extract. When applied to pineapples, it can effectively prevent and treat common pineapple diseases and pests such as pineapple wilt. In the raw material selection process, the present invention makes full use of the leaves of Delphinium spp., Stephania tetrandra, and other plants. These parts are not commonly used medicinal parts of these plants, and collecting the leaves will not cause serious damage to the plant itself, thus not affecting conventional drug production and promoting sustainable resource utilization. After scientific extraction, the components work synergistically, not only specifically inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens but also enhancing the pineapple plant's own disease resistance, thereby reducing the amount of chemical pesticides used and lowering the risk of pesticide residues, ultimately resulting in the production of pineapple products with fewer diseases and pests and higher quality.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition capable of preventing and controlling pineapple diseases and pests and improving pineapple quality, characterized in that, The composition includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Delphinium leaf, 7-9 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 18-22 parts of Neem leaf, 5-8 parts of Artemisia annua, and 16-20 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition includes the following components by weight: 11 parts of Delphinium leaf, 8 parts of Stephania tetrandra leaf, 20 parts of Neem leaf, 6-7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 18 parts of Akebia trifoliata leaf.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The leaves of Delphinium septum, Stephania tetrandra, Neem, and Akebia trifoliata are all fresh leaves, and the Artemisia annua is a fresh whole plant.

4. A method for preparing the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out the leaves of Delphinium stenoptera, Stephania tetrandra, Neemia stenoptera, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata according to the proportions, and set aside; (2) Mix the leaves of Delphinium septum, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata, crush them, add water and extract by ultrasonication, filter to obtain extract 1; (3) After crushing the leaves of Stephania tetrandra, mix them with ethanol solution, heat and extract, and filter to obtain extract 2; (4) After crushing the leaves of the neem tree, mix them with an ethanol solution, soak and extract under ultrasonic conditions, and filter to obtain extract 3; (5) Combine extract 1, extract 2 and extract 3, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the composition.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amount of water used in step (2) is 6 to 8 times the total mass of the leaves of Delphinium, Artemisia annua and Akebia trifoliata. The ultrasonic extraction temperature is 60 to 65°C, the time is 30 to 40 minutes, and the ultrasonic power is 15 to 20 kHz and 250 to 500 W.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The amount of ethanol solution used in step (3) is 8 to 10 times the mass of the Stephania tetrandra leaves, the concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is ≥95%, the temperature of the heating extraction is 55 to 60°C, and the heating extraction time is 25 to 35 min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of ethanol solution used in step (4) is 8 to 10 times the mass of the neem leaf. The concentration of ethanol in the ethanol solution is ≥95%. The power of the ultrasound is 15 to 20 kHz and 250 to 500 W. The soaking and extraction method is as follows: every 25 to 30 seconds of ultrasound, stop ultrasound for 2 to 4 seconds, and continue for 90 to 120 minutes. The temperature is maintained at 30 to 35°C during the soaking and extraction process.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature during the vacuum concentration process in step (5) is 30~35℃, and the composition obtained after vacuum concentration is a powder composition.

9. A product comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The product is a suspension.

10. The method of using the product according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steps include: spray once before or at the initial stage of pests and diseases appear in the pineapple field, then spray once every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 consecutive times, and then spray once a month for 2 to 3 consecutive times.