Composite material for a switch frog damper device and method for producing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a composite material for a turnout frog damping device and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of traffic track damping materials. The composite material provided by the application adopts a metal phase-elastic body phase composite design, wherein the elastic body phase is based on a compounded system of natural rubber and synthetic rubber, reactive organic functional groups are introduced, and other components such as a damping functional component are cooperated to optimize the interface bonding between the metal phase and the elastic body phase, and performance improvement is realized. The composite material provided by the application has firm interface bonding, excellent damping performance, and a standardized preparation process suitable for large-scale production, and can be used for preparing a turnout frog damping device, and can meet the damping use requirements of different models of fixed frog of a rail transit turnout, especially a tread-flange cooperative bearing type fixed frog damping device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vibration reduction materials for railway tracks, and in particular to a composite material for vibration reduction devices of turnouts and frogs and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of rail transportation towards mechanization and greening, turnouts and frogs, as key components in the track system for train steering, are subjected to high-frequency, high-load impact vibrations. Their vibration characteristics directly affect the safety, comfort, and service life of train operation and track equipment. This applicant is dedicated to the research and development of turnout and frog vibration damping devices, particularly tread-rim co-load-bearing fixed frog vibration damping devices. Through engineering practice, the importance of materials and their fabrication technologies for turnout and frog vibration damping devices has been recognized. The primary objective of this application is to address known deficiencies. These deficiencies are specifically manifested as follows:

[0003] Poor mechanical adaptability: The material's rigidity and elasticity are mismatched, making it unable to accurately adapt to the dynamic load of the wheel and rail. Long-term use can easily lead to fatigue fracture or a decrease in vibration reduction effect.

[0004] Insufficient environmental adaptability: The material lacks weather resistance (high and low temperatures, ultraviolet rays, moisture), wear resistance, and anti-aging properties, and is prone to aging, hardening, and damage under conditions of large temperature differences or heavy loads.

[0005] Poor interfacial compatibility: The interface between the metal matrix and the elastomer (rubber, etc.) relies on simple adhesion, which is prone to peeling and delamination due to wheel-rail impact, leading to vibration reduction failure.

[0006] The manufacturing process is complex: the metal pretreatment and elastomer composite process are disconnected, the vulcanization molding parameters are unstable, the bonding reliability is low, and the quality fluctuates greatly during large-scale production.

[0007] Therefore, developing a composite material with strong mechanical adaptability, strong environmental adaptability, strong interfacial bonding, excellent vibration reduction performance, and simple preparation has become an urgent need for material technology of turnout frog vibration reduction devices (especially tread-rim co-bearing fixed frog vibration reduction devices). Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a composite material for turnout frog vibration damping devices and its preparation method. The composite material provided in this application employs a metal-elastic phase composite design, where the elastic phase is based on a blend of natural and synthetic rubber. By introducing reactive organic functional groups and cooperating with other components such as vibration damping components, the interfacial bonding between the metal and elastic phases is optimized, resulting in improved performance. The composite material provided in this application exhibits strong interfacial bonding, excellent vibration damping performance, and a standardized preparation process suitable for mass production. It can be used to manufacture turnout frog vibration damping devices, meeting the vibration damping requirements of different types of fixed frogs in rail transit turnouts, especially tread-rim co-bearing type fixed frog vibration damping devices.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] In a first aspect, this application provides a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device, comprising a metal phase located on the upper layer and an elastomeric phase located on the lower layer and sides of the metal phase and bonded to it; an interfacial adhesive is coated on the bonding surface between the metal phase and the elastomeric phase; the metal phase includes any one of alloy steel, stainless steel, and carbon steel; the elastomeric phase includes a compound rubber matrix, vibration damping functional components, and additives; the compound rubber matrix includes natural rubber and modified synthetic rubber; the modified synthetic rubber is obtained by epoxidizing synthetic rubber; the synthetic rubber includes any one of nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, and isoprene rubber.

[0011] The composite material for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs provided in this application utilizes the high elastic modulus and high strength of metallic materials to achieve load support, while the low elastic modulus and high damping characteristics of elastomer materials are used to dissipate vibration energy. Furthermore, a continuous interface is constructed between the metallic phase, the interfacial adhesive, and the elastomer phase. This interface formation differs from simple physical bonding; instead, chemical bonding occurs during hot-pressing and vulcanization. The interfacial adhesive tightly binds the metallic and elastomer phases, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding strength of the resulting composite material and preventing interlayer delamination between the metallic and elastomer phases during vibration. In addition, the synthetic rubber undergoes epoxidation treatment to introduce epoxy polar groups, thereby improving its molecular compatibility with natural rubber and other components and avoiding phase separation problems during blending. Simultaneously, the introduced epoxy groups can chemically react with the isocyanate groups in the interfacial adhesive, further enhancing the interfacial bonding between the elastomer phase and the adhesive.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the interface adhesive comprises any one of 3-isocyanate-propylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanate-propyltriethoxysilane, and 3-isocyanate-propyltrimethoxysilane.

[0013] The interfacial adhesive used in this application, after being applied to the bonding surface of the metal phase after sandblasting, undergoes hydrolysis on the metal phase surface due to the presence of moisture in the air, generating silanol groups. These silanol groups then undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl groups formed after cleaning and sandblasting of the metal phase surface during subsequent hot-pressing and vulcanization, producing a Si-O-metal phase chemical bond, thus achieving a chemical bond between the interfacial adhesive and the metal phase. Simultaneously, the isocyanate groups (-NCO) in the interfacial adhesive also react with active groups such as epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups present in the compounded rubber matrix and other components of the elastomer phase, generating chemical bonds, also achieving a chemical bond between the interfacial adhesive and the elastomer phase. This constructs a strong, chemically bonded, continuous interface between the metal phase, interfacial adhesive, and elastomer phase, effectively resisting interfacial shear forces generated by vibration, while improving the interface's resistance to damp heat and preventing interface debonding caused by moisture intrusion.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the vibration damping functional component includes any one of aramid fiber, polyester fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, silica, alumina, and zirconium oxide.

[0015] This application improves the vibration damping performance, mechanical strength, and wear resistance of the elastomeric phase by incorporating various vibration damping functional components into the elastomeric phase, thus solving the problems of insufficient damping, easy wear, and low mechanical strength of simple composite rubber matrices.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the additives include plasticizers, release agents, and antioxidants.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the plasticizer includes, but is not limited to, any one of dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, epoxidized soybean oil, dioctyl sebacate, and trioctyl trimellitate; the release agent includes, but is not limited to, any one of stearic acid, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, and polydimethylsiloxane; and the antioxidant includes, but is not limited to, any one of antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant A, antioxidant AW, and antioxidant RD.

[0018] In one feasible implementation, the mass ratio of the metal phase, the elastomer phase, and the interfacial binder is (69-84):(15-30):(0.5-1).

[0019] This application balances the load-bearing and vibration-damping performance of the composite material used in turnout frog vibration damping devices by using a mass ratio range, while ensuring that the amount of interfacial adhesive is adapted to the interfacial bonding requirements, avoiding interfacial failure caused by excessive or insufficient amount, thereby optimizing the performance of each phase, and the ratio range is adapted to the process tolerance of industrial production.

[0020] In one feasible implementation, the mass ratio of the compounded rubber matrix, the damping functional component, the plasticizer, the release agent and the antioxidant in the elastomer phase is (70-85):(10-25):(0.2-1.5):(0.3-1.5):(0.5-2); and the mass ratio of natural rubber and modified synthetic rubber in the compounded rubber matrix is ​​(60-70):(30-40).

[0021] This application optimizes and limits the proportions of each component within the elastomer phase and the compounded rubber matrix to control the elasticity, vibration damping effect, mechanical strength, and processability of the elastomer phase. This avoids the overall performance degradation caused by an improper proportion of a certain component, thereby ensuring that the comprehensive performance of the elastomer phase matches the working conditions of the turnout frog.

[0022] In one feasible implementation, the method for preparing the modified synthetic rubber includes: adding synthetic rubber into a mixer, adjusting the speed of the mixer to 40-60 r / min, the temperature of the mixer to 80-120℃, adding an epoxidizing agent and a catalyst after 5-10 min of mixing, maintaining the same speed and temperature for 15-25 min of mixing, discharging the mixing product, cooling it to room temperature, and cutting it to obtain the modified synthetic rubber.

[0023] In one feasible implementation, the epoxidizing agent includes, but is not limited to, any one of peracetic acid, peroxybenzoic acid and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid; the catalyst includes, but is not limited to, any one of sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and the mass ratio of the synthetic rubber, the epoxidizing agent and the catalyst is (78-88):(10-20):(0.5-2).

[0024] The modified synthetic rubber preparation method provided in this application can achieve efficient and controllable epoxidation modification of synthetic rubber; and the modification process can be fully adapted to industrial production, with high efficiency and simple operation. By controlling the appropriate raw material ratio, the modified synthetic rubber obtained has good moldability and few side reactions, thereby improving the purity and performance stability of the modified synthetic rubber.

[0025] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Cut the metal phase billet into blanks;

[0027] S2. The bonding surface between the metallic phase and the elastomer phase is processed to form a rough bonding structure;

[0028] S3. Clean the processed metal phase and then sandblast its rough bonding surface.

[0029] S4. Apply an interface adhesive to the bonding surface of the metal phase after sandblasting within a set time to form a paint film.

[0030] S5. Weigh the raw materials of the elastomer phase, first put the compounded rubber matrix into the internal mixer and plasticize for the first time, then add the vibration damping functional components and mix for the second time, and finally add the additives and mix for the third time. The resulting rubber compound is left to stand at room temperature for the fourth time, and then cut, weighed and pressed into the elastomer phase through the preforming machine.

[0031] S6. The metal phase and the elastomer are respectively loaded into the hot press mold and then sent to the flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization.

[0032] S7. After vulcanization, open the mold and remove the flash to obtain the composite material used for turnout frog vibration damping devices.

[0033] In steps S1-S4 of the composite material and preparation method for a turnout frog vibration damping device provided in this application, the bonding surface between the metal phase and the elastomer phase is processed to form a rough bonding structure, which can increase the bonding contact area and form a strong mechanical interlocking structure, thereby improving the interfacial bonding force of the obtained composite material.

[0034] Further cleaning and sandblasting of the metallic phase can first remove the oxide scale and rust on its surface, thereby obtaining a highly active metallic crystal surface. Moreover, based on the previously bonded rough structure, the sandblasting further forms a micro-rough structure, thus achieving dual roughening of the macro and micro scales, increasing the adhesion of the interfacial adhesive to the metallic phase, which also helps to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the prepared composite material.

[0035] Furthermore, timely application of an interface adhesive to the fresh metallic phase surface after sandblasting can prevent the surface from oxidizing or becoming contaminated again, forming a continuous adhesive film and establishing the basis for chemical bonding.

[0036] In step S5, the compounded rubber matrix is ​​first plasticized to soften it, then the vibration damping functional component is added to achieve uniform dispersion, and finally the additives are added to fully regulate the components, avoiding problems such as uneven dispersion caused by the simultaneous addition of different components, and ensuring that the properties of each part of the elastomer phase are consistent. When the prepared rubber compound is left to stand at room temperature, the various components can fully diffuse and stabilize, realizing the release of internal stress and avoiding problems such as warping and deformation of the product after vulcanization.

[0037] Then, in step S6, under the high temperature and high pressure of the flat vulcanizing machine, on the one hand, the elastomer phase undergoes a cross-linking vulcanization reaction to form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby obtaining stable elastic and damping properties; on the other hand, the chemical reaction between the metal phase, the interface binder, and the elastomer phase is fully carried out, and the high pressure makes the three adhere closely together, eliminating interfacial gaps, and together significantly improving the interfacial bonding force of the obtained composite material.

[0038] In one feasible implementation, in S1, the cutting method includes CNC laser cutting or plasma cutting; in S2, the processing method includes knurling or milling; in S3, the cleaning method includes ultrasonic cleaning or high-pressure spraying; and in S5, the coating method includes brushing, spraying, or dipping.

[0039] In one feasible implementation scheme, in S4, the set time is ≤4h; in S5, the speed of the internal mixer is 40-60r / min, the temperature of the internal mixer is 80-120℃, the first duration is 3-5min, the second duration is 8-12min, the third duration is 4-8min, and the fourth duration is 24-48h; in S6, the vulcanization pressure is 15-20MPa, and the vulcanization temperature is 150-180℃.

[0040] This application achieves stable control over the preparation process of the composite material through optimized process parameters, avoiding inconsistencies in product performance caused by fluctuations in process parameters, thereby ensuring the quality stability of the obtained composite material, while taking into account both product performance and production efficiency, and adapting to industrial-scale production.

[0041] Beneficial technical effects:

[0042] This application introduces epoxy polar groups into synthetic rubber through epoxidation treatment, thereby improving its molecular compatibility with natural rubber and other components. Thorough mixing ensures consistent performance across all parts of the resulting elastomer phase. Hot-pressing and vulcanizing this elastomer phase with a metal phase coated with an interfacial binder creates two chemical bonds: firstly, Si-O-metal phase chemical bonding, achieving chemical bonding between the interfacial binder and the metal phase; secondly, isocyanate groups (-NCO) in the interfacial binder react with active groups such as epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups present in the compounded rubber matrix and other components of the elastomer phase, also forming chemical bonds and achieving chemical bonding between the interfacial binder and the elastomer phase. Ultimately, this application yields a composite material for vibration damping devices at turnout frogs, possessing a robust, chemically bonded, continuous interface between the metal phase, interfacial binder, and elastomer phase. It exhibits strong mechanical adaptability, excellent vibration damping performance, strong environmental adaptability, and a simple preparation process, making it suitable for large-scale production. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the composite material used in the turnout frog vibration damping device provided in this application.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of the composite material for the turnout frog vibration damping device provided in this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Metallic phase; 2. Elastomer phase. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To facilitate understanding of the content described in this application, the technical solutions described herein are further explained below with reference to specific embodiments; however, this application is not limited thereto. All equivalent transformations or simple substitutions made based on the substantive content of this application should fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0047] The singular forms “for,” “or,” “a,” “any,” and “the” used in this application are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0048] The following describes in detail, with reference to different embodiments, the preparation method of the composite material for the turnout frog vibration damping device provided in this application.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device, specifically including the following:

[0051] First, the modified synthetic rubber is prepared, including the following steps:

[0052] Nitrile rubber was added to a mixer, the mixer speed was adjusted to 40 r / min, and the mixer temperature was 80℃. After 5 minutes of mixing, peracetic acid and sulfuric acid were added, and the mixer was mixed at the same speed and temperature for 15 minutes. The product was discharged, cooled to room temperature, and then cut to obtain the modified synthetic rubber. The mass ratio of nitrile rubber, peracetic acid, and sulfuric acid was 88:10:2.

[0053] Then, a composite material for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs is prepared, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0054] S1. The blank of metal phase 1 is cut and blanked by CNC laser cutting;

[0055] S2. The bonding surface between the metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 is processed by knurling to form a rough bonding structure.

[0056] S3. The processed metal phase 1 is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning, and then its bonding surface with rough structure is sandblasted.

[0057] S4. Immediately after sandblasting, apply 3-isocyanate-propylmethyldimethoxysilane to the bonding surface of metal phase 1 by brushing to form a paint film.

[0058] S5. Weigh the raw materials of elastomer phase 2. First, put the compounded rubber matrix into the internal mixer and plasticize for 3 minutes. Then, add aramid fiber and mix for 8 minutes. Finally, add dioctyl phthalate, stearic acid and antioxidant 4010NA and mix for 4 minutes. Let the obtained rubber compound stand at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, cut, weigh and press it into elastomer phase 2 through a preforming machine.

[0059] In the compounded rubber matrix, the mass ratio of natural rubber to modified synthetic rubber is 60:40; the mass ratio of the compounded rubber matrix, aramid fiber, dioctyl phthalate, stearic acid, and antioxidant 4010NA is 85:12:0.5:1:1.5.

[0060] S6. The metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are respectively loaded into the hot press mold and then sent into the flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization at a pressure of 15MPa and a temperature of 150℃; the mass ratio of the metal phase 1, the elastomer phase 2 and 3-isocyanate-propylmethyldimethoxysilane is 69:30:1.

[0061] S7. After vulcanization, the mold is opened and the flash is removed to obtain the composite material used for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs. Its structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a metal phase 1 located on the upper layer and an elastomer phase 2 located on the lower layer and side of the metal phase 1 and bonded to the metal phase 1; the bonding surfaces of the metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are coated with an interface adhesive.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device, specifically including the following:

[0064] First, the modified synthetic rubber is prepared, including the following steps:

[0065] Butadiene rubber was added to a mixer, the mixer speed was adjusted to 60 r / min, and the mixer temperature was 120℃. After 10 min of mixing, perbenzoic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid were added, and the mixer was mixed at the same speed and temperature for 25 min. The product was discharged, cooled to room temperature, and then cut to obtain the modified synthetic rubber. The mass ratio of butadiene rubber, peracetic acid, and sulfuric acid was 80:19:1.

[0066] Then, a composite material for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs is prepared, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0067] S1. The blank of metal phase 1 is cut and blanked by plasma cutting.

[0068] S2. The side where the metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are bonded is processed to form a rough bonding structure by milling groove process;

[0069] S3. The processed metal phase 1 is cleaned by high-pressure spraying, and then the side with the adhesive rough structure is sandblasted.

[0070] S4. One hour after sandblasting, apply 3-isocyanate-propyltriethoxysilane to the sandblasted side of metal phase 1 by brushing to form a paint film.

[0071] S5. Weigh the raw materials of elastomer phase 2. First, put the compounded rubber matrix into the internal mixer and plasticize for 5 minutes. Then, add polyester fiber and mix for 12 minutes. Finally, add dibutyl phthalate, zinc stearate and antioxidant A and mix for 8 minutes. Let the obtained rubber compound stand at room temperature for 48 hours. Then, cut, weigh and press it into elastomer phase 2 through a preforming machine.

[0072] In the compounded rubber matrix, the mass ratio of natural rubber to modified synthetic rubber is 70:30; the mass ratio of the compounded rubber matrix, polyester fiber, dibutyl phthalate, zinc stearate, and antioxidant A is 70:25:1.5:1.5:2.

[0073] S6. The metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are respectively loaded into the hot press mold and then sent into the flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization under the conditions of pressure of 20MPa and temperature of 180℃; the mass ratio of the metal phase 1, the elastomer phase 2 and 3-isocyanate-propyltriethoxysilane is 80:19.5:0.5.

[0074] S7. After vulcanization, the mold is opened and the flash is removed to obtain the composite material used for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs. Its structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device, specifically including the following:

[0077] First, the modified synthetic rubber is prepared, including the following steps:

[0078] Isoprene rubber was added to a mixer, the mixer speed was adjusted to 50 r / min, and the mixer temperature was 100℃. After 7 minutes of mixing, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid were added, and the mixer was mixed at the same speed and temperature for 20 minutes. The product was discharged, cooled to room temperature, and then cut to obtain the modified synthetic rubber. The mass ratio of isoprene rubber, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was 85:13.5:1.5.

[0079] Then, a composite material for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs is prepared, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. The blank of metal phase 1 is cut and blanked by CNC laser cutting;

[0081] S2. The side where the metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are bonded is processed to form a rough bonding structure by milling groove process;

[0082] S3. The processed metal phase 1 is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning, and then the side with the adhesive rough structure is sandblasted.

[0083] S4. Two hours after sandblasting, apply 3-isocyanate-propyltrimethoxysilane to the sandblasted side of metal phase 1 by brushing to form a paint film.

[0084] S5. Weigh the raw materials of elastomer phase 2. First, put the compounded rubber matrix into the internal mixer and plasticize for 4 minutes. Then, add polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and mix for 10 minutes. Finally, add epoxidized soybean oil, calcium stearate and antioxidant AW and mix for 6 minutes. Let the obtained rubber compound stand at room temperature for 36 hours. Then, cut, weigh and press it into elastomer phase 2 through a preforming machine.

[0085] In the compound rubber matrix, the mass ratio of natural rubber to modified synthetic rubber is 65:35; the mass ratio of the compound rubber matrix, polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, epoxidized soybean oil, calcium stearate and antioxidant AW is 78:18:0.8:1.2:2.

[0086] S6. The metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 are respectively loaded into the hot press mold and then sent into the flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization under the conditions of pressure of 17MPa and temperature of 165℃; the mass ratio of the metal phase 1, the elastomer phase 2 and 3-isocyanate-propyltrimethoxysilane is 75:24.5:0.5.

[0087] S7. After vulcanization, the mold is opened and the flash is removed to obtain the composite material used for vibration damping devices of turnout frogs. Its structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device. The difference from Example 3 is that the isoprene rubber used has not undergone epoxidation modification, while other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device. The difference from Example 3 is that no interfacial adhesive is used, but the other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device. The difference from Example 3 is that it does not use epoxidized isoprene rubber or an interfacial adhesive. Other process parameters and operating steps are exactly the same as in Example 3.

[0094] After the composite materials for turnout frog vibration damping devices were prepared in each embodiment and each comparative example, standard samples were cut and prepared according to the standard specifications in GB / T15254-2014, and their adhesive peel strength was tested to obtain the interfacial bond strength of the composite materials for turnout frog vibration damping devices prepared in each embodiment and each comparative example. The test results are statistically shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1. Test results of composite materials used in turnout and frog vibration damping devices prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0096]

[0097] As shown in Table 1, the adhesive peel strength (interfacial bonding strength) of the composite materials for turnout frog vibration damping devices prepared in Examples 1-3 are all better than those prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0098] The main reason is that in the composite materials for turnout frog vibration damping devices prepared in Examples 1-3, epoxy polar groups were introduced into the synthetic rubber after epoxidation treatment, thereby improving its molecular compatibility with natural rubber and other components. Sufficient mixing ensured consistent performance across all parts of the resulting elastomer phase 2. Hot-pressing and vulcanizing this elastomer phase 2 with a metal phase 1 coated with an interfacial adhesive resulted in two processes: firstly, a Si-O-metal phase chemical bond was formed, achieving chemical bonding between the interfacial adhesive and the metal phase 1; secondly, the isocyanate groups (-NCO) in the interfacial adhesive reacted with the epoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, and other active groups present in the compounded rubber matrix and other components of the elastomer phase 2, also forming chemical bonds, thus achieving chemical bonding between the interfacial adhesive and the elastomer phase 2. Ultimately, this application yielded a composite material for turnout frog vibration damping devices, possessing a robust, chemically bonded, continuous interface between the metal phase, interfacial adhesive, and elastomer phase. It exhibits strong mechanical adaptability, excellent vibration damping performance, strong environmental adaptability, and a simple preparation process, making it suitable for large-scale production.

[0099] In contrast, the isoprene rubber used in Comparative Example 1 was not epoxidized, resulting in poor compatibility of the components in the elastomer phase 2. Furthermore, the absence of epoxy groups prevented the epoxy groups from reacting more with the isocyanate groups (-NCO) in the interfacial adhesive, leading to poor interfacial bonding strength in the final composite material used for turnout frog vibration damping devices.

[0100] In Comparative Example 2, no interfacial binder was used, so a strong, chemically bonded, continuous interface between the metal phase 1 and the elastomer phase 2 could not be formed. As a result, the interfacial bond strength of the final product used for the turnout frog vibration damping device was worse than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0101] In Comparative Example 3, neither epoxidized isoprene rubber nor interfacial adhesive was used. For the same reasons mentioned above, the final composite material used for turnout frog vibration damping devices had the worst interfacial bonding strength.

[0102] On the test line and the operating line, the vibration reduction effect of the switch frog vibration reduction device (based on the composite material prepared in Example 3 of this application) was tested to demonstrate the vibration reduction effect of the composite material provided in this application. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.

[0103] Table 2 Vibration reduction test data of the test line

[0104]

[0105] Table 3 Vibration Reduction Test Data for Operating Lines

[0106]

[0107] The data in Tables 2 and 3 clearly show that the vibration reduction device for turnout frogs based on the composite material prepared in Example 3 of this application has a significant effect, with a vibration reduction of nearly 10%, which significantly weakens the impact of wheel and rail, effectively controls the vibration, and reduces the risk of damage to the turnout frog structure from the source.

[0108] The above results demonstrate and describe the basic principles and main features of this application, as well as its advantages.

[0109] Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composite material for a switch frog damper device, characterized in that The system comprises a metal phase (1) located on the upper layer and an elastomer phase (2) located on the lower layer and sides of the metal phase (1) and bonded to it; an interfacial adhesive is coated on the bonding surface of the metal phase (1) and the elastomer phase (2); the metal phase (1) comprises any one of alloy steel, stainless steel and carbon steel; the elastomer phase (2) comprises a compound rubber matrix, a vibration damping functional component and an additive; the interfacial adhesive comprises any one of 3-isocyanate-propylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanate-propyltriethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate-propyltrimethoxysilane; the compound rubber matrix comprises natural rubber and modified synthetic rubber; the modified synthetic rubber is obtained by epoxidizing synthetic rubber; the synthetic rubber comprises any one of nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber and isoprene rubber.

2. A composite material for a switch frog damper device according to claim 1, characterized in that The vibration damping functional components include any one of aramid fiber, polyester fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, silicon dioxide, alumina and zirconium oxide.

3. The composite material for a switch frog damping device according to claim 1, wherein The additives include plasticizers, release agents, and antioxidants.

4. The composite material for a switch frog damping device according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the metal phase (1), the elastomer phase (2), and the interface adhesive is (69-84):(15-30):(0.5-1).

5. The composite material for a switch frog damping device according to claim 3, wherein In the elastomer phase (2), the mass ratio of the compounded rubber matrix, the vibration damping functional component, the plasticizer, the release agent and the antioxidant is (70-85):(10-25):(0.2-1.5):(0.3-1.5):(0.5-2); in the compounded rubber matrix, the mass ratio of natural rubber and modified synthetic rubber is (60-70):(30-40).

6. The composite material for a switch frog damping device according to claim 1, wherein The method for preparing the modified synthetic rubber includes: adding synthetic rubber into a mixer, adjusting the speed of the mixer to 40-60 r / min, and the temperature of the mixer to 80-120℃. After 5-10 min of mixing, adding an epoxidizing agent and a catalyst, and mixing at the same speed and temperature for 15-25 min, discharging the mixing product, cooling it to room temperature, and cutting it to obtain the modified synthetic rubber. The epoxidizing agent includes any one of peracetic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The catalyst includes any one of sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The mass ratio of the synthetic rubber, epoxidizing agent, and catalyst is (78-88):(10-20):(0.5-2).

7. A method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device as described in any one of claims 1-6, comprising the following steps: S1. Cut the billet of the metal phase (1) into blanks; S2. The bonding surface between the metal phase (1) and the elastomer phase (2) is processed to form a rough bonding structure; S3. Clean the processed metal phase (1) and then sandblast its rough bonding surface. S4. Apply an interface adhesive to the bonding surface of the metal phase (1) after sandblasting within a set time to form a paint film. S5. Weigh the raw materials of the elastomer phase (2), first put the compounded rubber matrix into the internal mixer for plasticizing for the first time, then add the vibration damping functional component and mix for the second time, and finally add the additives and mix for the third time. The resulting rubber compound is left to stand at room temperature for the fourth time, and then cut, weighed and pressed into the elastomer phase (2) by the preforming machine. S6. The metal phase (1) and the elastomer phase (2) are respectively loaded into the hot press mold and then sent to the flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization. S7. After vulcanization, open the mold and remove the flash to obtain the composite material used for turnout frog vibration damping devices.

8. A method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S1, the cutting method includes CNC laser cutting or plasma cutting; in S2, the processing method includes knurling or milling; in S3, the cleaning method includes ultrasonic cleaning or high-pressure spraying; in S4, the coating method includes brushing, spraying or dipping.

9. A method for preparing a composite material for a turnout frog vibration damping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the set time is ≤4h; in step S5, the speed of the internal mixer is 40-60r / min, the temperature of the internal mixer is 80-120℃, the first time is 3-5min, the second time is 8-12min, the third time is 4-8min, and the fourth time is 24-48h; in step S6, the vulcanization pressure is 15-20MPa, and the vulcanization temperature is 150-180℃.

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