An automatic reversing device and method for a petroleum and natural gas drainage gas recovery pump

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of petroleum natural gas drainage gas recovery pump automatic reversing device and method, including connecting end cover, second water pump cylinder body, first water pump cylinder body and lower end cover, still including pneumatic pump cylinder body and reversing end cylinder body, reversing end cylinder body, pneumatic pump cylinder body, connecting end cover, second water pump cylinder body, first water pump cylinder body and lower end cover are sequentially connected from top to bottom arrangement;Reversing end cylinder body and pneumatic pump cylinder body are communicated by gas flow channel, reversing valve that can change gas flow direction is arranged in the sliding cavity in reversing end cylinder body, and the second piston that can move up and down is pneumatically arranged in the gas cavity of pneumatic pump cylinder body;The lower end of second piston is connected with piston rod, and the pump cavity of second water pump cylinder body and first water pump cylinder body is all provided with first piston, piston rod extends into the pump cavity of second water pump cylinder body and first water pump cylinder body and is connected with first piston, and the pump cavity of second water pump cylinder body and first water pump cylinder body is communicated with outside through water flow channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of natural gas well bottom equipment technology, specifically to an automatic reversing device and method for an oil and gas drainage and gas production pump. Background Technology

[0002] During oil and gas extraction, as reservoir pressure decreases, formation water gradually intrudes into the gas well, affecting natural gas production. Therefore, to improve natural gas recovery, drainage gas production technology is needed to remove formation water from the gas well.

[0003] In the prior art, invention patent CN201710169483.1 discloses a pneumatic drainage gas production device and its usage method. Natural gas wells are equipped with casings, and a gas production string is pre-installed within the casing. Several pneumatic drainage gas production pumps are deployed within the gas production string. The pneumatic drainage gas production pumps, from top to bottom, include a first housing and a second housing, both of which have hollow interiors. A jet tube is located within the hollow interior of the first housing, and the inner cavity of the jet tube, from top to bottom, consists of an expansion chamber, a mixing chamber, and a negative pressure chamber. Liquid inlet holes are opened on both sides of the negative pressure chamber. A gas-liquid pipe is located within the hollow interior of the second housing, and the inner cavity of the gas-liquid pipe is a gas-liquid orifice. A gas-liquid nozzle is located between the gas-liquid orifice and the negative pressure chamber. A central pipe is connected to the lower end of the pneumatic drainage gas production pump, and a retrieval head is connected to the upper end.

[0004] The aforementioned patent describes a pneumatic drainage and gas extraction device and its usage method. It utilizes formation gas as the driving force, and atomizes the liquid jet downhole using a pneumatic pump to accelerate the reduction of liquid density and deliver it in stages to achieve drainage and gas extraction. However, existing processes for drainage and gas extraction using pumps all require a power source at the wellhead to drive the pump body and complete the piston reversal. These methods are costly, structurally complex, and technologically challenging, and require further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic reversing device and method for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump, which aims to improve the existing process of drainage and gas extraction by pumps, which all require a power source at the wellhead to drive the pump body and complete the piston reversal. These methods are costly, complex in structure, and difficult in process.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump, comprising a connecting end cover, a second pump cylinder, a first pump cylinder, and a lower end cover, and further comprising a pneumatic pump cylinder and a reversing end cylinder. The reversing end cylinder, the pneumatic pump cylinder, the connecting end cover, the second pump cylinder, the first pump cylinder, and the lower end cover are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The reversing end cylinder and the pneumatic pump cylinder are connected through a gas flow channel. A reversing valve capable of changing the gas flow direction is provided in a sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder. A second piston that moves up and down is pneumatically installed in the gas cavity of the pneumatic pump cylinder. A piston rod is connected to the lower end of the second piston. A first piston is provided in the pump cavity of both the second pump cylinder and the first pump cylinder. The piston rod extends into the pump cavity of the second pump cylinder and the first pump cylinder and connects to the first piston. The pump cavities of the second pump cylinder and the first pump cylinder are connected to the outside through a water flow channel.

[0008] Preferably, the gas flow channel includes a first intake channel and a second intake channel; the first intake channel includes a No. 13 air passage and a No. 5 air passage, the No. 13 air passage is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder body, and the No. 5 air passage is connected to the upper end face of the air cavity of the pneumatic pump cylinder body; the second intake channel includes a No. 12 air passage and a No. 6 air passage, the No. 12 air passage is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder body (13), and the No. 6 air passage is connected to the lower end face of the air cavity of the pneumatic pump cylinder body; the reversing end cylinder body is provided with a No. 9 air passage and a No. 11 air passage, the outer ports of the No. 9 air passage and the No. 11 air passage are respectively connected to the low pressure environment and the high pressure environment, and the other end of each is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder body.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a stop block, a slider plug, and a spring; the upper area of ​​the reversing valve is smaller than the lower area, the upper end of the reversing valve is connected to air passage eleven, and the lower end is connected to air passage two; the upper and lower end faces of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder are respectively provided with connecting chambers, one connecting chamber is connected to air passage three and air passage eight, the other connecting chamber is connected to air passage four and air passage one, air passage two and air passage three are simultaneously connected to air passage four, air passage eight, air passage ten and air passage eleven are connected, and air passage one is connected to air passage seven and air passage fourteen in sequence; the connecting chamber is provided with a spring, a slider plug, and a stop block in sequence from the inside to the outside, the slider plug is slidably mounted on the stop block by the spring, and one end of the slider plug extends into the air chamber facing the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder, and the slider plug is sealed on the corresponding air passage three, air passage four, and air passage eight under the elastic force of the spring.

[0010] Preferably, the reversing valve includes a hollow flow channel and an annular space. The annular space is located at the upper end of the valve body of the reversing valve. One end of the hollow flow channel is opened on the upper end face of the reversing valve, and the other end is opened on the side corresponding to the first intake channel. The ninth air passage is connected to the first intake channel and the second intake channel through the annular space, and the connection alternates as the annular space slides up and down. The eleventh air passage is connected to the second intake channel and is switched to the first intake channel through the hollow flow channel. The two end faces of the second piston are alternately connected to the external air pressure through the first intake channel and the second intake channel.

[0011] Preferably, the water flow channel includes a lower pumping channel, an upper draining channel, an upper pumping channel, and a lower draining channel; when the first piston moves upward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the lower pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the upper draining channel; when the first piston moves downward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the upper pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the lower draining channel; each of the lower pumping channel, upper draining channel, upper pumping channel, and lower draining channel is equipped with a matching one-way valve.

[0012] Preferably, the lower pumping channel includes channel 1, channel 3, and channel 8, and simultaneously connects to the bottom end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 and pump cylinder 1; the upper drainage channel includes channel 6, channel 11, channel 10, channel 14, and channel 17, and one end simultaneously connects to the top end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 and pump cylinder 1, and the other end connects to the outlet outside the well; the upper pumping channel includes channel 2, channel 4, channel 9, and channel 5, and one end simultaneously connects to the top end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 and pump cylinder 1, and the other end connects to the well; the lower drainage channel includes channel 7, channel 13, channel 15, channel 16, and channel 12, and one end simultaneously connects to the bottom end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 and pump cylinder 1, and the other end connects to the outlet outside the well.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an automatic reversing method for an oil and gas drainage and gas production pump, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0014] When the initial positions of S100, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, and the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages; at this time, the first air intake passage, the annulus, and the No. 9 air passage are connected, the No. 11 air passage is connected, and the second air intake passage is connected. The bottom of the second piston is under high pressure, and the upper end is under low pressure; the second piston drives the two first pistons to move upward; the water in the upper part of the cavity of the No. 2 and No. 1 water pump cylinders is discharged through the upper drainage channel, and the water in the lower part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the lower water extraction channel.

[0015] When S200, the second piston, and the first piston rise to the upper end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder body is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages. The slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber blocks the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure environment outside the well makes the lower end face of the reversing valve also high pressure through the No. 11, No. 10, connecting cavity, No. 3, and No. 2 air passages. The area of ​​the lower end face of the reversing valve is larger than the area of ​​the upper end face, and the reversing valve will automatically move upward.

[0016] When the initial positions of S300, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the upper end of the cavity, the second intake channel, the annulus, and the ninth air passage are connected, and the eleventh air passage, the hollow flow channel, and the first intake channel are connected. The bottom of the second piston is under low pressure, and the upper end is under high pressure. The second piston drives the two first pistons to move downward. The water in the lower part of the cavity of the second and first water pump cylinders is discharged through the lower drainage channel, and the water in the upper part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the upper water pumping channel.

[0017] When the initial positions of S400, the second piston, and the first piston return to the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, while the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure at the bottom of the reversing valve is connected through the No. 2, No. 4, No. 1, No. 7, and No. 14 air passages, causing the bottom of the reversing valve to drop from high pressure to low pressure, and the reversing valve automatically slides to the lower end.

[0018] S500, and repeat steps S100 to S400 to form a cycle, and continue the drainage and gas extraction work according to this cycle.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention sets up a reversing valve so that the second piston can automatically change the pressure difference of the reversing valve during the movement process to achieve reversing. No additional power source is required. The second piston can be moved up and down by using the bottom pressure difference to achieve automatic reversing and drainage functions. It has high reliability, stable performance, and is suitable for drainage and gas production in low-pressure, low gas-liquid ratio gas wells. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the device structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake channel of the pneumatic pump cylinder and the water pumping channel of the water pump cylinder of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage channel of the water pump cylinder of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake channel on the lower end face of the reversing valve of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reversing valve of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the first and second pistons move upwards;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the first and second pistons move upwards;

[0027] Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the second piston moves upward.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Lower end cap; 101. Water channel 1; 102. Water channel 2; 2. First piston; 3. Water pump cylinder 1; 301. Water channel 3; 302. Water channel 4; 303. Water channel 5; 304. Water channel 6; 305. Water channel 7; 4. Check valve; 5. Water pump cylinder 2; 501. Water channel 8; 502. Water channel 9; 503. Water channel 10; 504. Water channel 11; 505. Water channel 12; 506. Water channel 13; 6. Connecting end cap; 601. Air passage 1; 7. Piston rod; 8. Second piston; 9. Stop block; 10. Sliding block plug; 11. Spring; 12. Pneumatic Pump cylinder body; 1201, No. 2 air passage; 1202, No. 3 air passage; 1203, No. 4 air passage; 1204, No. 5 air passage; 1205, No. 6 air passage; 1206, No. 14 water passage; 1207, No. 15 water passage; 1208, No. 7 air passage; 1209, No. 8 air passage; 13, reversing end cylinder body; 1301, No. 9 air passage; 1302, No. 10 air passage; 1303, No. 11 air passage; 1304, No. 12 air passage; 1305, No. 13 air passage; 1306, No. 16 water passage; 1307, No. 17 water passage; 1308, No. 14 air passage; 14, reversing valve; 1401, hollow flow channel; 1402, annulus. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides further details:

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figures 1-3 As shown, an automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump includes a connecting end cover 6, a second pump cylinder 5, a first pump cylinder 3, and a lower end cover 1. It also includes a pneumatic pump cylinder 12 and a reversing end cylinder 13. The reversing end cylinder 13, pneumatic pump cylinder 12, connecting end cover 6, second pump cylinder 5, first pump cylinder 3, and lower end cover 1 are connected sequentially from top to bottom. The reversing end cylinder 13 and pneumatic pump cylinder 12 are connected through a gas flow channel, which includes a first air intake channel and a second air intake channel. The first air intake channel includes a thirteenth air intake channel 1305 and a fifth air intake channel 1204. 305 connects to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder 13, and the fifth air passage 1204 connects to the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder 12; the second air intake channel includes the twelfth air passage 1304 and the sixth air passage 1205, the twelfth air passage 1304 connects to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder 13, and the sixth air passage 1205 connects to the lower end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder 12; the reversing end cylinder 13 is provided with the ninth air passage 1301 and the eleventh air passage 1303, the outer ports of the ninth air passage 1301 and the eleventh air passage 1303 are respectively connected to the low pressure environment and the high pressure environment, and the other end of each is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder 13.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, a reversing valve 14, which can change the gas flow direction, is installed in the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder 13. A second piston 8, which moves up and down, is pneumatically installed in the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder 12. It also includes a stop block 9, a slider plug 10, and a spring 11. The upper area of ​​the reversing valve 14 is smaller than the lower area. The upper end of the reversing valve 14 is connected to air passage 11 (1303), and the lower end is connected to air passage 1201 (201). The upper and lower end faces of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder 12 are respectively provided with connecting chambers. One connecting chamber connects to air passage 3 (1202) and air passage 8 (1209), and the other connecting chamber connects to air passage 4 (1203) and air passage 1 (601). Airway 01 and No. 3 1202 are simultaneously connected to No. 4 1203. Airway 8 1209, No. 10 1302 and No. 11 1303 are connected. Airway 1 601 is connected to No. 7 1208 and No. 14 1308 in sequence. Inside the connecting cavity, spring 11, slider plug 10 and stop block 9 are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. Slider plug 10 is slidably set on stop block 9 by spring 11, and one end of it extends into the air cavity facing the air cavity of pneumatic pump cylinder 12. Under the elastic force of spring 11, slider plug 10 is sealed on the corresponding No. 3 1202, No. 4 1203 and No. 8 1209.

[0034] like Figures 1-4 and Figures 6-8As shown, the reversing valve 14 includes a hollow flow channel 1401 and an annular space 1402. The annular space 1402 is located at the upper end of the valve body of the reversing valve 14. One end of the hollow flow channel 1401 is opened on the upper end face of the reversing valve 14, and the other end is opened on the side corresponding to the first intake channel. The outer wall of the reversing valve has a sealing groove, in which a sealing ring can be installed to prevent fluid from flowing out. The ninth air passage 1301 is connected to the first intake channel and the second intake channel through the annular space 1402, and is alternately connected as the annular space 1402 slides up and down. The eleventh air passage 1303 is connected to the second intake channel and is switched to the first intake channel through the hollow flow channel 1401. The two end faces of the second piston 8 are alternately connected to the external air pressure through the first intake channel and the second intake channel. The lower end of the second piston 8 is connected to a piston rod 7. A first piston 2 is installed in the pump chambers of both the second pump cylinder 5 and the first pump cylinder 3. The piston rod 7 extends into the pump chambers of the second pump cylinder 5 and the first pump cylinder 3 and connects to the first piston 2. The pump chambers of the second pump cylinder 5 and the first pump cylinder 3 are connected to the outside through water flow channels, including a lower pumping channel, an upper draining channel, and a lower draining channel. When the first piston 2 moves upward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the lower pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the upper draining channel. When the first piston 2 moves downward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the upper pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the lower draining channel. The area of ​​the second piston 8 is larger than that of the first piston 2. When the pressure at the bottom of the well acts on the second piston 8, a greater lifting force can be generated at the first piston 2, thereby pumping out the water from the bottom of the well.

[0035] like Figures 1-3 and Figures 6-7 As shown, each of the lower pumping channel, upper drainage channel, and lower drainage channel is equipped with a matching one-way valve 4. The lower pumping channel includes channel 101, channel 301, and channel 801, and simultaneously connects to the bottom end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 5 of pump 2 and pump cylinder 3 of pump 1; the upper drainage channel includes channel 604, channel 1104, channel 503, channel 1406, and channel 1707, and one end of each channel simultaneously connects to the top end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 5 of pump 2 and pump cylinder 3 of pump 1, while the other end connects to the outlet outside the well; the upper pumping channel includes channel 201, channel 304, channel 505, channel 100, channel 503, channel 1406, and channel 1707, and one end of each channel simultaneously connects to the top end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 5 of pump 2 and pump cylinder 3 of pump 1, while the other end connects to the outlet outside the well; the upper pumping channel includes channel 101, channel 301, channel 401 ...504, channel 505, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 506, channel 507, channel 50 Waterways 102, 302 (fourth), 502 (ninth), and 303 (fifth) are connected at one end to the top of the pump chamber of both pump cylinder 5 (second) and pump cylinder 3 (first), and at the other end to the well. The drainage channels include waterways 305 (seventh), 506 (thirteenth), 1207 (fifteenth), 1306 (sixteenth), and 505 (twelfth), with one end connected to the bottom of the pump chamber of both pump cylinder 5 (second) and pump cylinder 3 (first), and at the other end connected to the well outlet.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, according to a second aspect of the present invention, an automatic reversing method for an oil and gas drainage and gas production pump is provided. The specific steps of the automatic reversing method for the oil and gas drainage and gas production pump are as follows:

[0038] When the initial positions of S100, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, and the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages; at this time, the first air intake passage, the annulus, and the No. 9 air passage are connected, the No. 11 air passage is connected, and the second air intake passage is connected. The bottom of the second piston is under high pressure, and the upper end is under low pressure; the second piston drives the two first pistons to move upward; the water in the upper part of the cavity of the No. 2 and No. 1 water pump cylinders is discharged through the upper drainage channel, and the water in the lower part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the lower water extraction channel.

[0039] When S200, the second piston, and the first piston rise to the upper end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder body is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages. The slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber blocks the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure environment outside the well makes the lower end face of the reversing valve also high pressure through the No. 11, No. 10, connecting cavity, No. 3, and No. 2 air passages. The area of ​​the lower end face of the reversing valve is larger than the area of ​​the upper end face, and the reversing valve will automatically move upward.

[0040] When the initial positions of S300, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the upper end of the cavity, the second intake channel, the annulus, and the ninth air passage are connected, and the eleventh air passage, the hollow flow channel, and the first intake channel are connected. The bottom of the second piston is under low pressure, and the upper end is under high pressure. The second piston drives the two first pistons to move downward. The water in the lower part of the cavity of the second and first water pump cylinders is discharged through the lower drainage channel, and the water in the upper part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the upper water pumping channel.

[0041] When the initial positions of S400, the second piston, and the first piston return to the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, while the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure at the bottom of the reversing valve is connected through the No. 2, No. 4, No. 1, No. 7, and No. 14 air passages, causing the bottom of the reversing valve to drop from high pressure to low pressure, and the reversing valve automatically slides to the lower end.

[0042] S500, and repeat steps S100 to S400 to form a cycle, and continue the drainage and gas extraction work according to this cycle.

[0043] In summary, this invention achieves automatic reversing and drainage functions by setting a reversing valve 14, which automatically changes the pressure difference of the reversing valve 14 during the movement of the second piston 8. No additional power source is required. The second piston 8 is moved up and down by using the bottom pressure difference, which can achieve automatic reversing and drainage functions. It has high reliability, stable performance, and is suitable for drainage and gas production in low-pressure, low gas-liquid ratio gas wells.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump, comprising a connecting end cover (6), a second pump cylinder (5), a first pump cylinder (3), and a lower end cover (1), characterized in that, It also includes a pneumatic pump cylinder body (12) and a reversing end cylinder body (13). The reversing end cylinder body (13), the pneumatic pump cylinder body (12), the connecting end cover (6), the second water pump cylinder body (5), the first water pump cylinder body (3), and the lower end cover (1) are connected sequentially from top to bottom. The reversing end cylinder body (13) and the pneumatic pump cylinder body (12) are connected through a gas flow channel. A reversing valve (14) that can change the gas flow direction is provided in the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder body (13). The pneumatic pump cylinder body (12) 2) A second piston (8) that moves up and down is pneumatically installed in the air chamber; the lower end of the second piston (8) is connected to a piston rod (7); a first piston (2) is installed in the pump chamber of the second pump cylinder (5) and the first pump cylinder (3); the piston rod (7) extends into the pump chamber of the second pump cylinder (5) and the first pump cylinder (3) and connects to the first piston (2); the pump chamber of the second pump cylinder (5) and the first pump cylinder (3) is connected to the outside through a water flow channel.

2. The automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas flow channel includes a first intake channel and a second intake channel; the first intake channel includes a thirteenth intake channel (1305) and a fifth intake channel (1204), the thirteenth intake channel (1305) is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder (13), and the fifth intake channel (1204) is connected to the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder (12); the second intake channel includes a twelfth intake channel (1304) and a sixth intake channel (1205), the twelfth intake channel... (1304) Connects to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder (13), and the sixth air passage (1205) connects to the lower end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder (12); the reversing end cylinder (13) is provided with the ninth air passage (1301) and the eleventh air passage (1303), the outer ports of the ninth air passage (1301) and the eleventh air passage (1303) are respectively connected to the low pressure environment and the high pressure environment, and the other end is connected to the sliding cavity inside the reversing end cylinder (13).

3. The automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a stop block (9), a slider plug (10), and a spring (11); the upper end area of ​​the reversing valve (14) is smaller than the lower end area, the upper end of the reversing valve (14) is connected to the eleventh air passage (1303), and the lower end is connected to the second air passage (1201); the upper and lower end faces of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder (12) are respectively provided with connecting chambers, one of which is connected to the third air passage (1202) and the eighth air passage (1209), and the other connecting chamber is connected to the fourth air passage (1203) and the first air passage (601). The second air passage (1201) and the third air passage (1202) are simultaneously connected to the fourth air passage (1203), and the eighth air passage (1209) is connected to the first air passage (601). 9) Air passage No. 10 (1302) and air passage No. 11 (1303) are connected. Air passage No. 1 (601) is connected to air passage No. 7 (1208) and air passage No. 14 (1308) in sequence. The connecting cavity is provided with spring (11), slider plug (10) and stop block (9) in sequence from the inside to the outside. The slider plug (10) is slidably set on the stop block (9) by spring (11) and one end of it extends into the air cavity facing the air cavity of the pneumatic pump cylinder (12). Under the elastic force of spring (11), the slider plug (10) is blocked on the corresponding air passage No. 3 (1202), air passage No. 4 (1203) and air passage No. 8 (1209).

4. The automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reversing valve (14) includes a hollow flow channel (1401) and an annular space (1402). The annular space (1402) is located at the upper end of the valve body of the reversing valve (14). One end of the hollow flow channel (1401) is opened on the upper end face of the reversing valve (14), and the other end is opened on the side corresponding to the first intake channel. The ninth air passage (1301) is connected to the first intake channel and the second intake channel through the annular space (1402) respectively, and is alternately connected as the annular space (1402) slides up and down. The eleventh air passage (1303) is connected to the second intake channel, and is switched to the first intake channel through the hollow flow channel (1401). The two end faces of the second piston (8) are alternately connected to the external air pressure through the first intake channel and the second intake channel respectively.

5. An automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water flow channels include a lower pumping channel, an upper drainage channel, an upper pumping channel, and a lower drainage channel; when the first piston (2) moves upward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the lower pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the upper drainage channel; when the first piston (2) moves downward, it connects to the water source inside the well through the upper pumping channel and to the outlet outside the well through the lower drainage channel; each of the lower pumping channel, upper drainage channel, upper pumping channel, and lower drainage channel is equipped with a matching one-way valve (4).

6. An automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas extraction pump according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower pumping channel includes channel 1 (101), channel 3 (301), and channel 8 (501), and simultaneously connects to the bottom end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 (5) and pump cylinder 1 (3); the upper drainage channel includes channel 6 (304), channel 11 (504), channel 10 (503), channel 14 (1206), and channel 17 (1307), and one end simultaneously connects to the top end of the pump chamber of pump cylinder 2 (5) and pump cylinder 1 (3), and the other end connects to the outlet outside the well; the upper pumping channel includes two Waterway No. 102, Waterway No. 4 (302), Waterway No. 9 (502) and Waterway No. 5 (303) are connected at one end to the top of the pump chamber of Pumping Pump No. 2 (5) and Pumping Pump No. 1 (3), and at the other end to the well; the drainage channel includes Waterway No. 7 (305), Waterway No. 13 (506), Waterway No. 15 (1207), Waterway No. 16 (1306) and Waterway No. 12 (505), and at one end to the bottom of the pump chamber of Pumping Pump No. 2 (5) and Pumping Pump No. 1 (3), and at the other end to the well outlet.

7. A method for automatic reversing of an oil and gas drainage and gas production pump, using the automatic reversing device for an oil and gas drainage and gas production pump as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of this automatic reversing method for oil and gas drainage and gas production pumps are as follows: When the initial positions of S100, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, and the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages; at this time, the first air intake passage, the annulus, and the No. 9 air passage are connected, the No. 11 air passage is connected, and the second air intake passage is connected. The bottom of the second piston is under high pressure, and the upper end is under low pressure; the second piston drives the two first pistons to move upward; the water in the upper part of the cavity of the No. 2 and No. 1 water pump cylinders is discharged through the upper drainage channel, and the water in the lower part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the lower water extraction channel. When S200, the second piston, and the first piston rise to the upper end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder body is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages. The slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber blocks the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure environment outside the well makes the lower end face of the reversing valve also high pressure through the No. 11, No. 10, connecting cavity, No. 3, and No. 2 air passages. The area of ​​the lower end face of the reversing valve is larger than the area of ​​the upper end face, and the reversing valve will automatically move upward. When the initial positions of S300, the reversing valve, the second piston, and the first piston are all at the upper end of the cavity, the second intake channel, the annulus, and the ninth air passage are connected, and the eleventh air passage, the hollow flow channel, and the first intake channel are connected. The bottom of the second piston is under low pressure, and the upper end is under high pressure. The second piston drives the two first pistons to move downward. The water in the lower part of the cavity of the second and first water pump cylinders is discharged through the lower drainage channel, and the water in the upper part of the cavity of the first piston is drawn through the upper water pumping channel. When the initial positions of S400, the second piston, and the first piston return to the lower end of the cavity, the slider plug on the upper end face of the air chamber of the pneumatic pump cylinder blocks the No. 3 and No. 8 air passages, while the slider plug on the lower end face of the air chamber is elastically compressed and does not block the No. 4 and No. 1 air passages. The high pressure at the bottom of the reversing valve is connected through the No. 2, No. 4, No. 1, No. 7, and No. 14 air passages, causing the bottom of the reversing valve to drop from high pressure to low pressure, and the reversing valve automatically slides to the lower end. S500, and repeat steps S100 to S400 to form a cycle, and continue the drainage and gas extraction work according to this cycle.

Images