2 mu m quasi-continuous laser output power collection and protection system

Abstract

The application provides a 2 mu m quasi-continuous laser output power collection and protection system, adopts a layered signal processing strategy: first, the extreme abnormal values in the sampling sequence are removed through sorting filtering to eliminate burst noise; then, the filtered data is decomposed in the frequency domain to extract the fundamental effective component reflecting the true optical power and filter out ripple and harmonic interference; finally, the pure signal is converted into high-precision actual output power through integral operation. Based on the accurate power value, the single-chip microcomputer is compared with the user-set power in real time, and once it exceeds the preset threshold range (such as higher than 120% or lower than 60%), the hardware shutdown module is immediately triggered without delay to cut off the driving power supply, and a targeted alarm is sent at the same time. Through gain dynamic matching, the system is compatible with pulse and continuous multi-mode working conditions, and the application scenarios are widened; the combination of sorting filtering and frequency domain decomposition significantly suppresses interference, and the targeted integral algorithm greatly improves the power calculation accuracy, especially meeting the precise calculation demand of pulse energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of laser power detection and safety protection technology, and in particular to a 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system. Background Technology

[0002] 2μm quasi-continuous wave (QCW) 60 / 600W lasers, as industrial-grade high-power lasers, are widely used in laser processing, laser cladding, and laser medicine. The stability and accuracy of their output power directly determine the operational results. Abnormal power not only leads to a decrease in processing precision but also easily causes serious malfunctions such as laser cavity mirror burnout and damage to optical path components. This type of laser supports two core operating modes: continuous and pulsed. The pulsed mode is further subdivided into several sub-modes. The output optical power density, pulse width, and frequency vary significantly between different modes, resulting in a large amplitude range of the electrical signal output by the photodiode (PD) photoelectric acquisition circuit, posing a challenge to signal acquisition and adaptation.

[0003] In existing technologies, laser power acquisition often uses photoelectric conversion circuits with fixed amplification ratios, which cannot handle pulse and continuous signals with large amplitude differences. This can easily lead to problems such as continuous mode signal saturation or weak pulse mode signals. Signal filtering only uses simple mean filtering, which is insufficient to effectively eliminate the unavoidable ripple interference in the output electrical signal of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit, resulting in signal distortion. Power calculation lacks targeted integration algorithms, resulting in insufficient power calculation accuracy and failing to meet the power detection requirements of high-precision laser operations.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing laser power protection mostly adopts a single threshold alarm method without precise proportional threshold protection logic. When the power is abnormal, it cannot shut off the laser drive power supply in time, which can easily cause permanent damage to the core components of the laser. In addition, it lacks a protection response mechanism that adapts to multiple operating conditions, making it difficult to achieve accurate and rapid protection against power abnormalities in different operating modes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system, system, electronic equipment, and storage medium to solve the technical problems of existing laser power acquisition systems that cannot achieve high-precision signal acquisition in multiple operating modes, have poor anti-ripple interference capability, large power calculation deviation, and have delayed protection response and inability to shut down in a timely manner.

[0006] This invention provides a system for acquiring and protecting the output power of a 2μm quasi-continuous laser, comprising: The laser body supports both continuous operation mode and pulsed operation mode; A photoelectric acquisition circuit is coupled to the laser body and is used to convert the received laser output power into a voltage signal and output it. A microcontroller control unit, electrically connected to the photoelectric acquisition circuit, is used to receive the voltage signal, output a gain adjustment signal to the photoelectric acquisition circuit according to the current operating mode of the laser body, and process the received voltage signal using a signal processing strategy corresponding to the current operating mode to calculate the actual output power; the microcontroller control unit compares the calculated actual output power with a preset set power, and outputs a shutdown signal and an alarm trigger signal when the comparison result exceeds a preset threshold range; An alarm module, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller control unit, is used to receive alarm trigger signals and issue alarms. A laser drive shutdown module is electrically connected to both the microcontroller control unit and the laser body, and is used to receive the shutdown signal and, in response to the shutdown signal, cut off the drive power supply to the laser body.

[0007] Preferably, the pulsed operation mode of the laser body includes long-wavelength sub-mode, medium-wavelength sub-mode, short-wavelength sub-mode, ultra-short-wavelength sub-mode, and dual-wavelength sub-mode; the output power range of the continuous operation mode of the laser body is 1W to 125W, and the maximum output power of the pulsed operation mode is 600W; the laser body also includes a power setting and mode selection input unit, which is connected to the microcontroller control unit and is used to transmit the set power value and the selected operation mode signal to the microcontroller control unit.

[0008] Preferably, the photoelectric acquisition circuit includes: A photodiode is used to convert the received laser output power into an initial voltage signal; An adjustable gain amplifier circuit is provided, wherein the input terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit is connected to the output terminal of the photodiode, and the control terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit is connected to the microcontroller control unit, for receiving the gain adjustment signal and amplifying the initial voltage signal according to the gain adjustment signal before outputting it. The gain adjustment signal enables the adjustable gain amplifier circuit to be configured as a high amplification ratio level in pulse operation mode and a low amplification ratio level in continuous operation mode. The current-to-voltage conversion impedance of the photoelectric acquisition circuit is 1.1 ohms, and the photoelectric acquisition circuit outputs a current sample value that corresponds one-to-one with the voltage sample value.

[0009] Preferably, the microcontroller control unit includes an ADC analog signal acquisition module, an externally triggered rising edge acquisition module, and a 1 μs High-precision timing module and data processing module; When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit performs frequency acquisition: the external trigger rising edge acquisition module is used to capture two adjacent rising edges of the output signal of the photoelectric acquisition circuit in pulse operating mode, and triggers the 1 in response to the rising edge. μs High-precision timing module; the 1 μs The high-precision timing module records the time interval between two rising edges. T 0; The data processing module is used to calculate based on the time interval. T 0. Calculate the actual operating frequency of the laser body. f 0:

[0010] in, T The unit of 0 is microsecond. f The unit of 0 is kilohertz; After frequency acquisition is completed, the microcontroller control unit performs voltage sampling: the ADC analog signal acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage amplitude sample value output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the microcontroller control unit has built-in bubble sorting filtering algorithm, radix-4 FFT algorithm, trapezoidal integral algorithm and Simpson integral algorithm; The microcontroller control unit is configured to: call the bubble sorting filtering algorithm to sort and filter the original voltage sample values ​​acquired by the ADC analog signal acquisition module to remove extreme value interference; and then call the radix-4 FFT algorithm to perform frequency domain decomposition on the sorted and filtered signal to extract the fundamental effective signal and filter out ripple interference harmonic components. After filtering is completed, the microcontroller control unit selects an integration algorithm according to the current operating mode: in pulse operating mode, the trapezoidal integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal; in continuous operating mode, the Simpson integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal.

[0012] Preferably, when the trapezoidal integral algorithm is run, the voltage sample value sequence acquired by the ADC analog signal acquisition module, the current sample value sequence output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit that corresponds one-to-one with the voltage sample value, and the sampling time value sequence corresponding to each sampling point are used as input parameters. The trapezoidal integral algorithm calculates the total energy of a single pulse as follows: Starting from the second sampling point, it traverses to the last sampling point. For each currently traversed sampling point, the time interval between the current sampling point and the previous sampling point is calculated. The instantaneous power of the previous sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the previous sampling point. The instantaneous power of the current sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the current sampling point. The average of the instantaneous power of the previous sampling point and the instantaneous power of the current sampling point is taken as the average power within the time interval. The average power is multiplied by the time interval to obtain the energy value of the sub-interval corresponding to the time interval. After the traversal is completed, the energy values ​​of all sub-intervals are accumulated to obtain the total energy of the single pulse.

[0013] Preferably, in the Simpson integral algorithm, the sampling interval [ a , b Divide into even numbers n A small interval, with a step size of h =( b a ) / n The points are x i = a + i · h ,in, i =0,1,2,..., n .

[0014] The Simpson integral algorithm calculates the integral value according to the following formula:

[0015] in, f ( x 0) and f ( x n ( ) are the two endpoints of the integration interval. a and b The sampled voltage value at that location, f ( x i (for each sub-point) x i The sampled voltage value at that location.

[0016] Preferably, when the microcontroller control unit executes the signal processing strategy, it is specifically used for: The voltage signal is continuously sampled to obtain the original voltage sample value sequence; The bubble sorting and filtering algorithm is called to sort and filter the original voltage sample value sequence, remove the peak and extreme value interference in the sequence, and obtain the sample value sequence after preliminary filtering. The sampled value sequence after preliminary filtering is divided into groups of 32 each. For each group of sampled values, the radix-4 FFT algorithm is called to perform frequency domain decomposition, filter out ripple interference harmonic components and extract the fundamental effective signal. When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit continuously collects 1280 voltage sample values ​​and directly performs sorting filtering and grouping frequency domain decomposition on all 1280 sample values; When the current operating mode is continuous operating mode, the microcontroller control unit continuously collects 1000 voltage sample values, performs sorting and filtering, selects 640 valid sample values ​​from the 200th to the 839th position in the sorted sequence, and then performs grouped frequency domain decomposition on the 640 valid sample values.

[0017] Preferably, the preset threshold range is set to 60% to 120% of the preset power; The conditions for the microcontroller control unit to determine abnormal power are: the actual output power is greater than or equal to 120% of the set power, or the actual output power is less than or equal to 60% of the set power; When a power anomaly is detected, the microcontroller control unit synchronously outputs the shutdown signal and outputs a corresponding alarm trigger signal according to the power anomaly type; the power anomaly types include actual output power too high and actual output power too low.

[0018] Preferably, the alarm module is an audible and visual alarm unit, which includes two independent alarm modes: overpower alarm and underpower alarm. The alarm trigger signals include a power over-high trigger signal and a power under-low trigger signal. After receiving the power over-high trigger signal, the alarm module issues a power over-high audible and visual alarm prompt, and after receiving the power under-low trigger signal, it issues a power under-low audible and visual alarm prompt. The laser drive shutdown module is a hardware switch unit. After receiving the shutdown signal, the hardware switch unit directly cuts off the drive power of the laser body without program delay. After the laser body triggers an alarm and cuts off the drive power, it remains in an alarm shutdown state and cannot restart on its own. Only after the operator performs an external reset operation can the operating parameters be reset and the laser body be started.

[0019] This invention provides a 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system. The system uses a microcontroller control unit to identify the laser's continuous or pulsed operating mode in real time and dynamically adjusts the gain of the photoelectric acquisition circuit. This ensures that the voltage signal input to the microcontroller remains within the optimal analog-to-digital conversion range under both the high transient peak values ​​of the pulsed mode and the stable signal of the continuous mode, fundamentally solving the acquisition distortion problem caused by excessively large signal amplitude spans. A layered signal processing strategy is introduced: first, extreme outliers in the sampling sequence are eliminated through sorting and filtering to remove sudden noise interference; then, the filtered data is decomposed in the frequency domain to extract the fundamental effective component reflecting the true optical power, effectively filtering out circuit ripple and harmonic interference; finally, the processed clean signal is converted into a high-precision actual output power through integration. This process constructs a complete signal chain from hardware matching to software purification. Based on the calculated accurate power value, the microcontroller compares it with the user-set power in real time. Once the power exceeds a preset threshold, the system immediately triggers the hardware shutdown module to cut off the laser drive power without delay and simultaneously issues a targeted alarm. The technical effects of this invention are multi-dimensional: First, through dynamic gain matching, it achieves universal compatibility with pulsed and continuous multi-mode operating conditions, significantly expanding the system's applicable scenarios; second, the combined application of sorting filtering and frequency domain decomposition significantly suppresses circuit ripple and random interference, providing a high-purity data foundation for power calculation. Combined with a targeted integration algorithm, it significantly improves the accuracy of power calculation, especially meeting the needs of precise pulse energy calculation; finally, based on the proportional threshold protection logic of accurate power values, coupled with a time-delayed hardware shutdown mechanism, it can respond rapidly when the power exceeds the tolerance, avoiding both high power burning out expensive optical components and low power causing process failures, thus comprehensively ensuring the long-term stable operation and operational quality of the laser. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit structure embodiment diagram of the ADC analog signal acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit structure embodiment diagram of a photodiode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] This invention provides a system for acquiring and protecting the output power of a 2μm quasi-continuous laser, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: The laser body 100 supports both continuous operation mode and pulsed operation mode. In this embodiment, the laser body 100 is a 2μm quasi-continuous 60 / 600W industrial-grade high-power laser, supporting free switching between continuous operation mode and pulsed operation mode. The pulsed operation mode of the laser body 100 includes long-wavelength sub-mode, medium-wavelength sub-mode, short-wavelength sub-mode, ultra-short-wavelength sub-mode, and dual-wavelength sub-mode. The output power range of the continuous operation mode of the laser body 100 is 1W to 125W, and the maximum output power of the pulsed operation mode is 600W. The laser body 100 also includes a power setting and mode selection input unit 110, which is connected to the microcontroller control unit and is used to transmit the set power value and the selected operation mode signal to the microcontroller control unit. If the pulsed mode is selected, the corresponding sub-mode can be further selected. The laser body 100 can transmit the set power and operation mode signal to the microcontroller control unit to provide a basis for subsequent gain adjustment and signal processing. At the same time, it can receive the power control signal from the laser drive shutdown module 500 to realize the turning on and off of laser output.

[0024] The photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 is coupled to the laser body 100 and is used to convert the received laser output power into a voltage signal and output it.

[0025] The photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, coupled to the laser output terminal of the laser body 100, serves as a signal bridge connecting the laser and the microcontroller control unit. Its core operation involves continuously capturing the laser power output from the laser body 100 and directly converting the optical power signal into a voltage signal. The amplitude of this voltage signal is positively correlated with the laser power. Simultaneously, the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 is electrically connected to the microcontroller control unit, enabling it to receive gain adjustment signals from the microcontroller control unit in real time. Based on these signals, it adjusts its own gain parameters to adapt to the voltage signal amplitude differences between continuous and pulsed operation modes of the laser, ensuring that the voltage signal output to the microcontroller control unit 300 is within the effective recognition range, providing an accurate signal basis for subsequent power calculations.

[0026] A microcontroller control unit 300 is electrically connected to the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. The microcontroller control unit receives the voltage signal and outputs a gain adjustment signal to the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 according to the current operating mode of the laser body 100. It also processes the received voltage signal using a signal processing strategy corresponding to the current operating mode to calculate the actual output power. The microcontroller control unit 300 compares the calculated actual output power with a preset set power. When the comparison result exceeds a preset threshold range, it outputs a shutdown signal and an alarm trigger signal.

[0027] The microcontroller control unit 300 is the core control hub of this system, electrically connected to the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, the alarm module 400, and the laser drive shutdown module 500, and coordinates signal reception, command transmission, data processing, and anomaly detection. Its working logic closely revolves around the laser's operating mode: First, it receives the voltage signal transmitted by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 and simultaneously acquires the current operating mode of the laser body 100; then, based on this operating mode, it outputs a corresponding gain adjustment signal to the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 to ensure the adaptability of the acquired signal; next, it uses a signal processing strategy corresponding to the current operating mode to process the received voltage signal and accurately calculate the actual output power of the laser; finally, it continuously compares the calculated actual output power with the preset set power in real time. If the comparison result exceeds the preset threshold range, it immediately and synchronously outputs a shutdown signal and an alarm trigger signal to achieve rapid command response in abnormal situations.

[0028] An alarm module 400, electrically connected to the microcontroller control unit 300, is used to receive alarm trigger signals and issue alarms. The alarm module 400 is a fault warning component of this system, maintaining real-time electrical connection with the microcontroller control unit 300. Its core function is to receive alarm trigger signals from the microcontroller control unit 300 and immediately issue an alarm notification based on these signals. During system operation, the alarm module 400 remains in standby mode, activating only upon receiving an alarm trigger signal. It provides a direct alarm to alert operators of abnormal laser power, facilitating timely fault detection and troubleshooting. This module is crucial for ensuring system maintainability.

[0029] A laser drive shutdown module 500 is electrically connected to the microcontroller control unit 300 and the laser body 100, respectively, and is used to receive the shutdown signal and cut off the drive power supply of the laser body 100 in response to the shutdown signal.

[0030] The laser driver shutdown module 500 is the safety protection execution component of this system. It is electrically connected to both the microcontroller control unit 300 and the laser body 100, and is the core component for cutting off the laser driver power supply. Its operation is entirely controlled by the instructions of the microcontroller control unit 300. During normal operation, it remains in the conducting state, providing a stable drive power supply to the laser body 100. When it receives a shutdown signal from the microcontroller control unit 300, it immediately responds and cuts off the drive power supply to the laser body 100, forcing the laser to stop laser output. This directly avoids damage to the laser body 100 caused by abnormal power at the hardware level, and is a key link in realizing system safety protection.

[0031] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 includes: Photodiode 210 is used to convert the received laser output power into an initial voltage signal. Photodiode 210 is the core optoelectronic device of photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. It is directly coupled to the laser output terminal of laser body 100 and can directly convert the energy intensity of optical signal into an initial voltage signal. It is the basic component for realizing the conversion of optical power into electrical signal. In this embodiment, it is used to accurately capture the power change of 2μm laser.

[0032] It should be noted that the voltage signal directly output by photodiode 210 without amplification is proportional to the laser power. However, due to the large power difference in different operating modes of the laser, the amplitude of this signal is weak in pulse mode and relatively stable in continuous mode. It needs to be amplified before it can be effectively recognized by the microcontroller.

[0033] An adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220 is provided. The input terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220 is connected to the output terminal of the photodiode 210, and the control terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220 is connected to the microcontroller control unit 300. It is used to receive the gain adjustment signal and amplify the initial voltage signal according to the gain adjustment signal before outputting it. The adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220 is the core component of the signal amplification of the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. It has the ability to adjust the amplification ratio in multiple levels. By receiving the gain adjustment signal from the microcontroller through the control terminal, it realizes adaptive amplitude amplification of the initial voltage signal, which is the key to solving the signal adaptability of different operating modes.

[0034] The gain adjustment signal enables the adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220 to be configured to a high amplification ratio in pulse operation mode and a low amplification ratio in continuous operation mode.

[0035] It should be noted that the high amplification ratio setting is one operating mode of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220, adapted to the laser pulse operation mode. It can significantly amplify weak initial voltage signals, ensuring that the characteristics of the pulse signal are not drowned out and meeting the sampling accuracy requirements of the microcontroller. The low amplification ratio setting is another operating mode of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit 220, adapted to the laser continuous operation mode. It amplifies initial voltage signals with stable amplitude by a small amount, avoiding signal saturation distortion and ensuring sampling accuracy in continuous mode.

[0036] The current-to-voltage conversion impedance of the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 is 1.1 ohms, and the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 outputs a current sampling value that corresponds one-to-one with the voltage sampling value.

[0037] The current-to-voltage conversion transimpedance is a core parameter in the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 used to characterize the ratio of current to voltage conversion. In this preferred embodiment, it is fixed at 1.1 ohms, which is the basis for achieving a one-to-one correspondence between voltage and current sample values ​​and for subsequent accurate power calculation. The electrical signal parameters generated synchronously from the current sample value and the voltage sample value output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 are calculated based on the 1.1-ohm conversion transimpedance. Combined with the voltage sample value, it can accurately reflect the instantaneous changes in the laser output power, providing core data support for subsequent power calculation.

[0038] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the microcontroller control unit 300 includes an ADC analog signal acquisition module 310, an external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320, and a... μs High-precision timing module 330 and data processing module 340.

[0039] When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit 300 performs frequency acquisition: the external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320 is used to capture two adjacent rising edges of the output signal of the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 in pulse operating mode, and triggers the 1 in response to the rising edge. μs High-precision timing module 330; the 1 μs The high-precision timing module 330 records the time interval between two rising edges. T 0.

[0040] Specifically, when the laser body 100 is currently operating in pulse mode, the microcontroller control unit 300 will prioritize executing the frequency acquisition process. This process relies on its internally integrated external trigger rising edge acquisition modules 320 and 1. μs The high-precision timing module 330 and the data processing module 340 work together to complete the core step of accurate power calculation in pulse mode. The specific implementation process is as follows: The microcontroller control unit 300 first automatically switches its internal acquisition configuration based on the received pulse operation mode signal from the laser body 100. It temporarily switches the operating mode of the ADC analog signal acquisition module 310 to the external trigger linkage mode, simultaneously activating the signal capture function of the external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320. It then establishes a real-time data connection between the signal input channel of this module and the output of the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, ensuring that the external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320 can directly capture the pulse voltage signal output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. During pulsed laser output, the voltage signal output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 exhibits a periodic pulse waveform, each pulse waveform containing a distinct rising edge characteristic. The external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320 continuously monitors this pulse voltage signal. When it captures the rising edge of the first pulse waveform, it immediately generates a rising edge trigger signal and synchronously sends this trigger signal to 1. μs High-precision timing module 330,1 μs The moment the high-precision timing module 330 receives the trigger signal, it immediately starts timing and enters the high-precision time counting state.

[0041] 1 μs High-precision timing module 330 with 1 μs Using this as the smallest timing unit, time is continuously accumulated until the externally triggered rising edge acquisition module 320 captures the second adjacent rising edge of the output signal from the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. At this point, the externally triggered rising edge acquisition module 320 generates a rising edge trigger signal again and sends it to 1. μs High-precision timing module 330,1 μsUpon receiving the trigger signal, the high-precision timing module 330 immediately stops timing and locks the time interval data between two adjacent rising edges obtained from the timing. This time interval is the period of the pulse signal, denoted as . T 0, its unit is microseconds. After the timing is complete, 1 μs The high-precision timing module 330 will lock the time interval. T The data is automatically transmitted to the internal data buffer of the microcontroller control unit 300, and a data read command is sent to the data processing module 340, triggering the data processing module 340 to perform frequency calculation.

[0042] The data processing module 340 is used to process the data according to the time interval. T 0. Calculate the actual operating frequency of the laser body 100. f 0:

[0043] in, T The unit of 0 is microsecond. f The unit of 0 is kilohertz.

[0044] After frequency acquisition is completed, the microcontroller control unit 300 performs voltage sampling: the ADC analog signal acquisition module 310 is used to acquire the voltage amplitude sample value output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 The hardware circuit implementation for power acquisition and protection of a 2μm quasi-continuous laser is shown below: STM32F103RCT6: The microcontroller control unit 300 core chip used in this embodiment is a 32-bit microcontroller that integrates a 12-bit high-precision ADC analog signal acquisition module 310. μs The high-precision timing module 330, the external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320, and the data processing module 340 are the core hardware carriers for realizing signal acquisition, processing, calculation, and control command output, and are suitable for embedded control scenarios of industrial lasers.

[0046] ADC sampling port: The analog signal acquisition interface of the STM32F103RCT6 chip is used to receive the amplified voltage signal output by the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, convert the analog electrical signal into a digital signal, and provide a basis for subsequent digital filtering and integration operations. In this embodiment, this port is directly electrically connected to the output terminal of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200.

[0047] The PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 hardware unit is a dedicated analog circuit composed of InGaAs photodiode 210, adjustable gain amplifier chip, resistors, capacitors and other discrete components. It has photo-to-electric conversion and signal amplification functions. In this embodiment, two amplification branches are designed to switch between two fixed amplification ratios of 16x and 32x, which can meet the signal amplification requirements of laser pulse and continuous operation modes.

[0048] Adjustable gain amplifier chip: The core amplification device in the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. In this embodiment, SGM8965A-1XN5G / TR and LMV7219M5 / TR are selected, and together with external resistors and capacitors, they form an amplification circuit. The amplification ratio is switched by the control level output by the microcontroller. It has the characteristics of high amplification accuracy and fast response speed, and is suitable for industrial-grade high-speed signal acquisition scenarios.

[0049] Amplification ratio voltage divider resistor: A precision resistor used to set the amplification ratio in the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. The fixed amplification factor is set by adjusting the resistance value ratio. In this embodiment, the amplification ratios of 16 times and 32 times are achieved by the resistance value ratios of R72, R74, and R73, respectively. It is a key passive component to ensure the signal amplification accuracy.

[0050] Filtering capacitors: Capacitors used in the hardware circuits of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 and the microcontroller control unit 300 to suppress ripple and filter high-frequency interference, including specifications such as 100nF, 10μF, and 1.5nF, which are used to filter out power supply ripple and signal ripple, respectively, to improve the stability of circuit operation and the purity of signals.

[0051] Hardware switching unit: The core hardware of the laser driver shutdown module 500, consisting of power switching transistors, drive resistors, etc. It can receive digital shutdown signals from the microcontroller control unit 300, cut off the power supply circuit of the laser driver without delay, and features fast response speed and strong load capacity, adapting to the power shutdown control of high-power lasers.

[0052] GPIO Port: The general-purpose input / output interface of the STM32F103RCT6 chip, divided into control output port and signal input port. The control output port is used to output gain adjustment signal to PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, output shutdown signal to laser driver shutdown module 500, and output alarm trigger signal to alarm module 400. The signal input port is used to receive laser mode selection signal and power setting signal, and is the core interface for signal interaction between microcontroller and peripheral modules.

[0053] Ripple suppression circuit: An auxiliary circuit consisting of pull-down resistors and filter capacitors. In this embodiment, a 4.7kΩ pull-down resistor and a 40mV ripple suppression circuit are designed at the ADC sampling port to suppress low-frequency ripple interference in the acquired signal and improve the accuracy of ADC sampling.

[0054] Furthermore, the hardware circuit of the single-chip microcontroller control unit 300 is based on the STM32F103RCT6, and is equipped with a power supply circuit, clock circuit, reset circuit, ripple suppression circuit, and GPIO expansion interface. The chip integrates a 12-bit high-precision ADC analog signal acquisition module 310. μs The high-precision timing module 330, the external trigger rising edge acquisition module 320, and the data processing module 340 meet all the control requirements for laser power acquisition and protection. The power supply circuit uses a dual power supply of 3V3H and VDDA, with multiple 100nF filter capacitors to filter out power ripple and ensure stable chip operation. The clock circuit consists of a crystal oscillator and capacitors, providing a precise clock signal to the chip, supporting 1 μs High-precision timing function; the reset circuit achieves hard reset of the chip through a 10kΩ pull-up resistor and NRST reset port, adapting to manual reset operation after laser failure. The chip's ADC sampling port (PA4 / ADC-PD) is electrically connected to the output terminal of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200. A 4.7kΩ pull-down resistor and a 40mV ripple suppression circuit are designed at the port to suppress ripple interference in the sampling signal and improve the accuracy of analog-to-digital signal conversion; the chip's GPIO control output port is electrically connected to the amplification ratio control terminal of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, the laser driver shutdown module 500, and the alarm module 400, respectively, for outputting gain adjustment signals, shutdown signals, and alarm trigger signals; the chip's external trigger rising edge acquisition port is connected to the output terminal of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200, in conjunction with 1 μs The high-precision timing module 330 accurately acquires the pulse signal frequency; the chip's GPIO signal input port is electrically connected to the laser's mode selection key and power setting key, receiving the laser's operating mode and set power signals in real time. The entire microcontroller control unit 300 hardware circuit integrates signal acquisition, data processing, and instruction output, serving as the hardware control center of the entire system.

[0055] Furthermore, the PD photoelectric acquisition hardware circuit consists of InGaAs photodiode 210, two sets of adjustable gain amplification branches, a filter circuit, and voltage divider resistors. The overall circuit is divided into a photo-to-electric conversion unit and a signal amplification unit, possessing functions such as converting optical power to voltage signals, amplifying patterned signals, and filtering ripple. The circuit's transimpedance is fixed at 1.1 ohms, and it can synchronously output corresponding voltage and current sample values. The photo-to-electric conversion unit, composed of InGaAs photodiode 210, is directly coupled to the laser output terminal of the laser body 100, converting the laser optical power into an initial voltage signal in real time. Simultaneously, it generates a corresponding current signal based on the 1.1-ohm transimpedance, providing raw data for subsequent signal amplification. The signal amplification unit is designed with two independent amplification branches, both using SGM8965A-1XN5G / TR and LMV7219M5 / TR as the core amplification chips, combined with external voltage divider resistors and filter capacitors to form the amplification circuit. By adjusting the resistance ratio of R72, R74, and R73, fixed amplification ratios of 16x and 32x are achieved respectively. The 16x amplification branch is adapted to the continuous operation mode of the laser, and the 32x amplification branch is adapted to the pulse operation mode. The control terminals of the two amplification branches are electrically connected to the GPIO control output port of the microcontroller control unit 300, receiving the gain adjustment control level output by the microcontroller to realize automatic switching of the amplification branches, ensuring that the acquired signal in different operating modes is within the optimal sampling range of the microcontroller's ADC. The circuit is configured with 10 m Different filter capacitors, such as F, 100nF, and 1.5nF, are used to filter ripple at the input and output ends of the photoelectric conversion unit and the signal amplification unit, respectively, to suppress high-frequency interference in the circuit itself and improve the purity of the output signal. The amplified voltage signal and the corresponding current signal are filtered and then directly output to the ADC sampling port and the external trigger rising edge acquisition port of the microcontroller control unit 300, providing accurate analog signals for subsequent digital processing.

[0056] Furthermore, the laser driver shutdown module 500's hardware circuit is a dedicated hardware switching unit, consisting of a power switch (PMV30UN2R), a drive resistor, and a current-limiting resistor. Its input is electrically connected to the GPIO control output port of the microcontroller control unit 300, and its output is connected in series with the drive power supply circuit of the laser body 100. It features zero-delay reception of shutdown signals and rapid power cut-off. The power switch, as the core switching device, uses an N-channel MOSFET, characterized by low on-resistance and fast switching speed, making it suitable for the on / off control of high-power laser drive power supplies. The drive resistors are 1kΩ and 2.2kΩ precision resistors used to control the drive current of the power switch, ensuring reliable switching on and off. The current-limiting resistors protect the power switch from overcurrent damage. During normal system operation, the microcontroller control unit 300 outputs a high level, the power switch remains on, the power supply circuit of the laser driver is normal, and the laser outputs laser normally. When the microcontroller determines that the power is abnormal, it immediately outputs a low-level shutdown signal, the power switch is turned off within microseconds, and the power supply circuit of the laser driver is cut off without delay, forcing the laser to stop laser output. This achieves rapid protection against power abnormalities at the hardware level, preventing the laser cavity mirror and optical path components from being burned out due to power abnormalities.

[0057] Furthermore, the alarm module 400 hardware circuit is an audible and visual alarm unit, consisting of a buzzer driver circuit and an LED indicator circuit. Its input terminal is electrically connected to the GPIO control output port of the microcontroller control unit 300, receiving two independent alarm trigger signals from the microcontroller: overpower and underpower, providing differentiated audible and visual alarm functionality. The buzzer driver circuit consists of a transistor, a current-limiting resistor, and an active buzzer. The LED indicator circuit is divided into red and yellow channels, corresponding to overpower and underpower alarms respectively. Both channels are equipped with independent current-limiting resistors and driver transistors. When the microcontroller determines that the laser power is too high, it outputs a high power alarm trigger signal, the red LED indicator stays on, and the buzzer sounds continuously. When the microcontroller determines that the laser power is too low, it outputs a low power alarm trigger signal, the yellow LED indicator stays on, and the buzzer sounds intermittently. After the laser triggers the alarm and stops, the alarm module 400 hardware circuit continues to maintain the alarm state until the operator performs a manual reset operation through the microcontroller reset circuit, at which point the alarm signal will be cleared. The clear and differentiated audible and visual alarms make it easy for operators to quickly identify the fault type and conduct timely on-site troubleshooting.

[0058] The laser body 100 hardware interface consists of a power setting button, a mode selection button, a parameter display unit, and a drive power interface. The power setting button and mode selection button are electrically connected to the GPIO signal input port of the microcontroller control unit 300. Operators can set the target output power of the laser and select continuous operation mode or pulse operation mode through the buttons. If pulse mode is selected, long wave, medium wave, short wave, ultra-short wave, and dual-wave sub-mode can be further selected. The button operation signals are transmitted to the microcontroller control unit 300 in real time, providing a basis for subsequent gain adjustment and signal processing strategy selection. The parameter display unit is used to display the laser's set power, actual operating power, and current operating mode in real time, facilitating real-time monitoring of the laser's working status by operators. The drive power interface is connected in series with the laser drive shutdown module 500 hardware circuit, providing operating power to the laser body 100 and receiving power on / off control from the laser drive shutdown module 500 to realize the turning on and off of laser output. The entire hardware interface realizes human-machine interaction between operators and the laser and control system, making laser parameter setting and status monitoring more convenient.

[0059] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the microcontroller control unit 300 has built-in bubble sorting filtering algorithm, radix-4 FFT algorithm, trapezoidal integral algorithm and Simpson integral algorithm.

[0060] The microcontroller control unit 300 is configured to: call the bubble sorting filtering algorithm to sort and filter the original voltage sample values ​​acquired by the ADC analog signal acquisition module 310 to remove extreme value interference; and then call the radix-4 FFT algorithm to perform frequency domain decomposition on the sorted and filtered signal to extract the fundamental effective signal and filter out ripple interference harmonic components.

[0061] After filtering is completed, the microcontroller control unit 300 selects an integration algorithm according to the current operating mode: in pulse operating mode, the trapezoidal integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal; in continuous operating mode, the Simpson integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal.

[0062] Among them, the bubble sorting filtering algorithm is a nonlinear digital filtering algorithm used for preprocessing the original voltage sample values ​​in this embodiment. By comparing and sorting the continuously acquired voltage sample values, it removes peak and valley extreme value interference in the sampled data, adapts to the instantaneous electromagnetic interference scene in the industrial laser acquisition environment, and lays a clean data foundation for subsequent signal processing.

[0063] The radix-4 FFT algorithm, also known as the radix-4 fast Fourier transform algorithm, is the core frequency domain filtering algorithm in this embodiment. Compared with the radix-2 FFT algorithm, it has higher computational efficiency and better decomposition accuracy. It can convert the voltage sampling signal in the time domain into a frequency domain signal, accurately separate the fundamental component reflecting the actual power of the laser from the interference components such as circuit ripple and harmonics, and adapt to the complex signal filtering requirements under the multi-mode operation of the laser.

[0064] The trapezoidal integral algorithm is a time-domain integration algorithm suitable for pulse transient signals. By dividing the sampling interval of the pulse signal into several trapezoidal units and accumulating the area of ​​each unit to obtain the integral value, it can accurately fit the transient change curve of pulse laser power. It is the core algorithm for calculating single pulse energy and then converting it into total power in pulse operation mode.

[0065] Simpson's integral algorithm is a high-precision integral algorithm suitable for continuous steady-state signals. It fits the sampling curve of the continuous voltage signal by quadratic interpolation and divides the integration interval into an even number of small intervals for calculation. This can effectively improve the calculation accuracy of steady-state power in continuous operation mode and avoid the cumulative error caused by simple integral algorithms.

[0066] After completing signal acquisition at the hardware level (frequency acquisition is performed first, followed by voltage sampling in pulse mode; voltage sampling is performed directly in continuous mode), the microcontroller control unit 300 immediately initiates its built-in algorithm processing flow, relying entirely on the data processing module 340 to complete algorithm calls and data operations. First, the microcontroller control unit 300 retrieves all raw voltage sample values ​​from the ADC analog signal acquisition module 310, calls the bubble sorting filtering algorithm to iterate through the sampled data one by one, and identifies and removes peaks and troughs that exceed the normal data range by comparing, exchanging, and sorting adjacent data, generating interference-free preprocessed time-domain data. Then, the microcontroller control unit 300 calls the radix-4 FFT algorithm to convert the preprocessed time-domain data into frequency-domain data. Through frequency-domain feature analysis, it separates and filters out ripple interference harmonic components, retaining only the fundamental effective signal matching the laser's output power, completing precise frequency-domain filtering of the signal. Finally, the microcontroller control unit 300 reads the laser's current operating mode information and executes the patterned integration operation logic: if it is in pulse operating mode, it combines the previously acquired actual operating frequency... fThe system uses a trapezoidal integral algorithm to integrate the fundamental effective signal, calculates the total energy of a single pulse, and then converts it to obtain the actual output power in pulse mode. For continuous operation mode, the Simpson integral algorithm is used to perform high-precision integration of the fundamental effective signal, directly converting it to obtain the actual output power in continuous mode. After power calculation, the microcontroller control unit 300 compares the actual output power with the preset power in real time. If it exceeds the preset threshold range, it immediately outputs a shutdown signal and an alarm trigger signal, achieving seamless integration of algorithm processing and protection control.

[0067] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, when the trapezoidal integral algorithm is running, the voltage sampling value sequence collected by the ADC analog signal acquisition module 310, the current sampling value sequence output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 corresponding one-to-one with the voltage sampling value, and the sampling time value sequence corresponding to each sampling point are used as input parameters.

[0068] The trapezoidal integral algorithm calculates the total energy of a single pulse as follows: Starting from the second sampling point, it traverses to the last sampling point. For each currently traversed sampling point, the time interval between the current sampling point and the previous sampling point is calculated. The instantaneous power of the previous sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the previous sampling point. The instantaneous power of the current sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the current sampling point. The average of the instantaneous power of the previous sampling point and the instantaneous power of the current sampling point is taken as the average power within the time interval. The average power is multiplied by the time interval to obtain the energy value of the sub-interval corresponding to the time interval. After the traversal is completed, the energy values ​​of all sub-intervals are accumulated to obtain the total energy of the single pulse.

[0069] Specifically, the composite trapezoidal mathematical formula for the trapezoidal integral algorithm is as follows:

[0070] in, n This represents the total number of valid sampled data points for voltage, current, and time series. f ( x i ) is the first i The power value of each sampling point. The sampling interval [ a , b Divide into even numbers n A small interval, with a step size of h =( b a ) / n ,node x i = a + i ·h .

[0071] f ( x 0) is the sampling start point a After photoelectric conversion a The effective value of the voltage at time t. f ( x i )for i The effective value of the voltage at time t. f ( x n )for n The effective voltage value at time t, where the function values ​​at the two endpoints are... f ( x 0) and f ( x n Calculate only once; function values ​​at all intermediate points. f ( x 1) and f ( x n-1 Each of these needs to be calculated twice.

[0072] The above formula improves accuracy by summing the trapezoidal areas in each sub-interval. The integration interval is subdivided, and the area of ​​a curvilinear trapezoid is approximated in each sub-interval using the area of ​​a trapezoid. Finally, the areas of all the smaller trapezoids are added together, and the total area obtained is the approximate integral value for the entire integration interval. This approximation closely matches the actual integral value of the laser's single-pulse optical power. This method of surface accumulation achieves accurate conversion of the total single-pulse energy, ensuring that the calculation results truly reflect the actual energy output state under the laser's pulsed operating mode. This provides accurate and reliable energy data support for subsequent calculations of the actual output power based on the operating frequency.

[0073] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the Simpson integral algorithm will use the sampling interval [ a , b Divide into even numbers n A small interval, with a step size of h =( b a ) / n The points are x i = a + i · h ,in, i =0,1,2,..., n .

[0074] The Simpson integral algorithm calculates the integral value according to the following formula:

[0075] in, f ( x 0) and f ( x n ( ) are the two endpoints of the integration interval. a and b The sampled voltage value at that location, f ( x i (for each sub-point) x i The sampled voltage value at that location.

[0076] Specifically, the Simpson integral algorithm is a high-precision time-domain integration algorithm adapted to the continuous operation mode of the laser. It fits the sampling curve of the steady-state voltage signal through quadratic interpolation, divides the integration interval into an even number of small intervals for piecewise integration, and then sums the results, significantly reducing the cumulative error of the steady-state signal integration. This is the core algorithm for accurate power conversion in continuous mode. The linear mapping relationship is the linear correspondence between the laser reference power and the output reference voltage of the PD photoelectric acquisition circuit 200 in continuous operation mode. It is obtained by calibration using two feature points, 1W and 125W, providing a basis for the conversion of voltage signals to power values. The effective voltage sampling value is the steady-state voltage data after bubble sorting and filtering of the original sampling values ​​in continuous mode, removing the first and last extreme values. In this embodiment, it is 640 data points from the 200th to the 839th bit out of 1000 original sampling values, which can truly reflect the voltage signal characteristics of the laser's steady-state output. The integration interval is the time interval for integrating the voltage signal in the Simpson integral algorithm, denoted as […]. a , b ], a The starting time of integration, b The interval is the time when integration ends, and includes all effective voltage samples involved in the calculation.

[0077] During the calculation, the voltage values ​​at both ends of the integration interval are calculated first. f ( x 0) and f ( x n Then calculate all odd numbers separately. i =1,3,5,..., n -1) Sum of the voltage values ​​at the subscript points and multiply by the coefficient 4, all even numbers ( i =2,4,6,..., n -1) Sum the voltage values ​​at each indexed point (excluding the two endpoints) and multiply by a coefficient of 2. Then sum all the above results and multiply by the step size. h Divide by 3 to get the integration interval. a ,b The integral value of the voltage signal within the range; this integral value reflects the time-domain accumulation characteristics of the steady-state voltage signal of the laser in continuous mode.

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, when the microcontroller control unit 300 executes the signal processing strategy, it is specifically used for: The voltage signal is continuously sampled to obtain the original voltage sample value sequence; The bubble sorting and filtering algorithm is called to sort and filter the original voltage sample value sequence, remove the peak and extreme value interference in the sequence, and obtain the sample value sequence after preliminary filtering. The sampled value sequence after preliminary filtering is divided into groups of 32 each. For each group of sampled values, the radix-4 FFT algorithm is called to perform frequency domain decomposition, filter out ripple interference harmonic components and extract the fundamental effective signal. When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit 300 continuously collects 1280 voltage sample values ​​and directly performs sorting filtering and grouping frequency domain decomposition on all 1280 sample values. When the current operating mode is continuous operating mode, the microcontroller control unit 300 continuously collects 1000 voltage sample values, performs sorting and filtering, selects 640 valid sample values ​​from the 200th to the 839th position in the sorted sequence, and then performs grouped frequency domain decomposition on the 640 valid sample values.

[0079] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the preset threshold range is set to 60% to 120% of the preset power.

[0080] The conditions for the microcontroller control unit 300 to determine abnormal power are: the actual output power is greater than or equal to 120% of the set power, or the actual output power is less than or equal to 60% of the set power.

[0081] When a power anomaly is detected, the microcontroller control unit 300 synchronously outputs the shutdown signal and outputs a corresponding alarm trigger signal according to the power anomaly type; the power anomaly types include actual output power too high and actual output power too low.

[0082] The shutdown signal is a hardware control signal output by the microcontroller control unit 300 to the laser driver shutdown module 500 after determining an abnormal power output. It is a high-priority hard control command; upon receiving it, the laser driver shutdown module 500 will immediately cut off the laser driver power supply. This is the core control signal for achieving laser hardware protection. The alarm trigger signal is a control signal output by the microcontroller control unit 300 to the alarm module 400 after determining an abnormal power output. It corresponds one-to-one with the type of abnormal power output and is the core command for triggering audible and visual alarms, adapting to the fault warning needs of industrial sites and facilitating rapid fault detection by operators. The types of abnormal power output are categorized according to the power abnormality determination conditions, into two types: excessively high actual output power and excessively low actual output power. These correspond to different causes of laser faults and protection requirements, adapting to differentiated alarm and fault diagnosis needs.

[0083] In this preferred embodiment, when the microcontroller control unit 300 determines that the laser is in a power abnormality state according to the preset judgment conditions, it will simultaneously execute a dual instruction output operation, that is, simultaneously output a shutdown signal to the laser driver shutdown module 500 and output a corresponding alarm trigger signal to the alarm module 400 according to the power abnormality type. The power abnormality type is clearly divided into two categories: actual output power too high and actual output power too low. If the actual output power is ≥ 120% of the set power, the alarm trigger signal is for the output power being too high; if the actual output power is ≤ 60% of the set power, the alarm trigger signal is for the output power being too low. Moreover, there is no delay between the output of the shutdown signal and the output of the alarm trigger signal, thus achieving synchronization of instruction output. In existing technologies, when laser power is abnormal, the command output logic of alarm first and then shutdown is mostly adopted. This has the problem of delayed protection response, and the alarm is not differentiated, only outputting a single alarm signal. Operators cannot quickly determine the type of power abnormality, which increases the time for on-site troubleshooting. At the same time, if the power of this type of laser is too high, it will easily cause hardware burnout, and if the power is too low, it will easily lead to operation failure. The causes and handling methods of the two types of abnormality are completely different. A single alarm cannot meet the needs of rapid troubleshooting in industrial sites. This section addresses the technical problems of delayed protection command output and lack of alarm differentiation leading to low fault diagnosis efficiency in traditional technologies by setting synchronous output logic for shutdown signals and alarm trigger signals, as well as differentiated alarm trigger signal output rules corresponding to different power anomaly types. The synchronous output logic ensures the laser is immediately shut down upon alarm triggering, completely eliminating the time difference between alarm and shutdown and preventing further damage to the laser hardware during this period, achieving zero-delay hardware protection during power anomalies. The differentiated alarm trigger signal output allows the alarm module 400 to emit audible and visual alarms corresponding to different power anomaly types. Operators can quickly determine whether the laser is in a state of excessive or insufficient power based on the alarm type, enabling targeted fault diagnosis and significantly improving fault handling efficiency in industrial settings. Furthermore, this dual-command synchronous output logic is compatible with industrial applications of 2μm QCW 60 / 600W lasers, balancing laser hardware protection with industrial fault handling efficiency, ensuring laser lifespan and the continuity of industrial operations.

[0084] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred implementation, the alarm module 400 is an audible and visual alarm unit, including two independent alarm modes: overpower alarm and underpower alarm.

[0085] The alarm trigger signals include a power overload trigger signal and a power underload trigger signal. After receiving the power overload trigger signal, the alarm module 400 issues a power overload audible and visual alarm prompt, and after receiving the power underload trigger signal, issues a power underload audible and visual alarm prompt.

[0086] The laser drive shutdown module 500 is a hardware switch unit. After receiving the shutdown signal, the hardware switch unit directly cuts off the drive power of the laser body 100 without program delay.

[0087] After the laser body 100 triggers an alarm and cuts off the drive power, it remains in an alarm shutdown state and cannot restart on its own. Only after the operator performs an external reset operation can the operating parameters be reset and the laser body 100 be started.

[0088] Among them, the audible and visual alarm unit is compatible with 2 μm The QCW 60 / 600W laser fault warning module is designed for industrial processing, cladding, and other field applications. It provides alarm prompts through both sound and light, addressing the challenges of complex industrial environments where single warnings are easily overlooked. This ensures that operators can quickly perceive laser fault conditions.

[0089] The overpower alarm is a dedicated alarm designed for abnormal conditions where the actual output power of the laser exceeds the set power by 120%. It is an independent warning mode that combines sound and light, and is suitable for fault scenarios where laser cavity mirrors and optical path components face the risk of burnout due to overpower.

[0090] The low power alarm is a dedicated alarm designed for abnormal conditions where the actual output power of the laser is 60% lower than the set power. It is an independent audible and visual warning mode that is distinct from the high power alarm and is suitable for fault scenarios such as decreased laser operation accuracy and operation failure.

[0091] The two alarm modes are distinct in terms of light color and sound, with no overlap or mixing, which meets the needs of industrial sites for rapid identification of fault types and facilitates operators to conduct targeted troubleshooting.

[0092] The various embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for acquiring and protecting the output power of a 2μm quasi-continuous laser, characterized in that, include: The laser body supports both continuous operation mode and pulsed operation mode; A photoelectric acquisition circuit is coupled to the laser body and is used to convert the received laser output power into a voltage signal and output it. A microcontroller control unit is electrically connected to the photoelectric acquisition circuit. It is used to receive the voltage signal, output a gain adjustment signal to the photoelectric acquisition circuit according to the current operating mode of the laser body, and process the received voltage signal using a signal processing strategy corresponding to the current operating mode to calculate the actual output power. The microcontroller control unit compares the calculated actual output power with the preset set power. When the comparison result exceeds the preset threshold range, it outputs a shutdown signal and an alarm trigger signal. An alarm module, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller control unit, is used to receive alarm trigger signals and issue alarms. A laser drive shutdown module is electrically connected to both the microcontroller control unit and the laser body, and is used to receive the shutdown signal and, in response to the shutdown signal, cut off the drive power supply to the laser body.

2. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser body has pulsed operation modes including long-wavelength sub-mode, medium-wavelength sub-mode, short-wavelength sub-mode, ultra-short-wavelength sub-mode, and dual-wavelength sub-mode; the output power range of the continuous operation mode of the laser body is 1W to 125W, and the maximum output power of the pulsed operation mode is 600W; the laser body also includes a power setting and mode selection input unit, which is connected to the microcontroller control unit and is used to transmit the set power value and the selected operation mode signal to the microcontroller control unit.

3. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoelectric acquisition circuit includes: A photodiode is used to convert the received laser output power into an initial voltage signal; An adjustable gain amplifier circuit is provided, wherein the input terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit is connected to the output terminal of the photodiode, and the control terminal of the adjustable gain amplifier circuit is connected to the microcontroller control unit, for receiving the gain adjustment signal and amplifying the initial voltage signal according to the gain adjustment signal before outputting it. The gain adjustment signal enables the adjustable gain amplifier circuit to be configured as a high amplification ratio level in pulse operation mode and a low amplification ratio level in continuous operation mode. The current-to-voltage conversion impedance of the photoelectric acquisition circuit is 1.1 ohms, and the photoelectric acquisition circuit outputs a current sample value that corresponds one-to-one with the voltage sample value.

4. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller control unit includes an ADC analog signal acquisition module, an external trigger rising edge acquisition module, and a 1 μs High-precision timing module and data processing module; When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit performs frequency acquisition: the external trigger rising edge acquisition module is used to capture two adjacent rising edges of the output signal of the photoelectric acquisition circuit in pulse operating mode, and triggers the 1 in response to the rising edge. μs High-precision timing module; the 1 μs The high-precision timing module records the time interval between two rising edges. T 0; The data processing module is used to calculate based on the time interval. T 0. Calculate the actual operating frequency of the laser body. f 0: in, T The unit of 0 is microsecond. f The unit of 0 is kilohertz; After frequency acquisition is completed, the microcontroller control unit performs voltage sampling: the ADC analog signal acquisition module is used to acquire the voltage amplitude sample value output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit.

5. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcontroller control unit has built-in bubble sorting filtering algorithm, radix-4 FFT algorithm, trapezoidal integral algorithm and Simpson integral algorithm; The microcontroller control unit is configured to: call the bubble sorting filtering algorithm to sort and filter the original voltage sample values ​​acquired by the ADC analog signal acquisition module to remove extreme value interference; and then call the radix-4 FFT algorithm to perform frequency domain decomposition on the sorted and filtered signal to extract the fundamental effective signal and filter out ripple interference harmonic components. After filtering is completed, the microcontroller control unit selects an integration algorithm according to the current operating mode: in pulse operating mode, the trapezoidal integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal; in continuous operating mode, the Simpson integration algorithm is called to perform integration on the fundamental effective signal.

6. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the trapezoidal integral algorithm is running, the voltage sample value sequence acquired by the ADC analog signal acquisition module, the current sample value sequence output by the photoelectric acquisition circuit that corresponds one-to-one with the voltage sample value, and the sampling time value sequence corresponding to each sampling point are used as input parameters. The trapezoidal integral algorithm calculates the total energy of a single pulse as follows: Starting from the second sampling point, it traverses to the last sampling point. For each currently traversed sampling point, the time interval between the current sampling point and the previous sampling point is calculated. The instantaneous power of the previous sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the previous sampling point. The instantaneous power of the current sampling point is calculated based on the voltage and current values ​​of the current sampling point. The average of the instantaneous power of the previous sampling point and the instantaneous power of the current sampling point is taken as the average power within the time interval. The average power is multiplied by the time interval to obtain the energy value of the sub-interval corresponding to the time interval. After the traversal is completed, the energy values ​​of all sub-intervals are accumulated to obtain the total energy of the single pulse.

7. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When performing the Simpson integral algorithm, the sampling interval [ a , b Divide into even numbers n A small interval, with a step size of h =( b a ) / n The points are x i = a + i · h ,in, i =0,1,2,..., n . The Simpson integral algorithm calculates the integral value according to the following formula: in, f ( x 0) and f ( x n ( ) are the two endpoints of the integration interval. a and b The sampled voltage value at that location, f ( x i (for each sub-point) x i The sampled voltage value at that location.

8. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microcontroller control unit executes the signal processing strategy, it is specifically used for: The voltage signal is continuously sampled to obtain the original voltage sample value sequence; The bubble sorting and filtering algorithm is called to sort and filter the original voltage sample value sequence, remove the peak and extreme value interference in the sequence, and obtain the sample value sequence after preliminary filtering. The sampled value sequence after preliminary filtering is divided into groups of 32 each. For each group of sampled values, the radix-4 FFT algorithm is called to perform frequency domain decomposition, filter out ripple interference harmonic components and extract the fundamental effective signal. When the current operating mode is pulse operating mode, the microcontroller control unit continuously collects 1280 voltage sample values ​​and directly performs sorting filtering and grouping frequency domain decomposition on all 1280 sample values; When the current operating mode is continuous operating mode, the microcontroller control unit continuously collects 1000 voltage sample values, performs sorting and filtering, selects 640 valid sample values ​​from the 200th to the 839th position in the sorted sequence, and then performs grouped frequency domain decomposition on the 640 valid sample values.

9. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset threshold range is set to 60% to 120% of the preset power. The conditions for the microcontroller control unit to determine abnormal power are: the actual output power is greater than or equal to 120% of the set power, or the actual output power is less than or equal to 60% of the set power; When a power anomaly is detected, the microcontroller control unit synchronously outputs the shutdown signal and outputs a corresponding alarm trigger signal according to the power anomaly type; the power anomaly types include actual output power too high and actual output power too low.

10. The 2μm quasi-continuous laser output power acquisition and protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm module is an audible and visual alarm unit, which includes two independent alarm modes: overpower alarm and underpower alarm. The alarm trigger signals include a power over-high trigger signal and a power under-low trigger signal. After receiving the power over-high trigger signal, the alarm module issues a power over-high audible and visual alarm prompt, and after receiving the power under-low trigger signal, it issues a power under-low audible and visual alarm prompt. The laser drive shutdown module is a hardware switch unit. After receiving the shutdown signal, the hardware switch unit directly cuts off the drive power of the laser body without program delay. After the laser body triggers an alarm and cuts off the drive power, it remains in an alarm shutdown state and cannot restart on its own. Only after the operator performs an external reset operation can the operating parameters be reset and the laser body be started.

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