Site selection method and device for red soil hilly small watershed rain flood collection and utilization engineering

Abstract

The application discloses a red soil hilly small watershed rain flood collection and utilization engineering site selection method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting multi-modal data; extracting watershed hydrological characteristics based on the multi-modal data to generate a small watershed water system node distribution map; dividing water demand patches according to a pre-constructed small watershed land use map, and calculating crop water demand of each patch in a key water demand period; determining the required number of water storage pools according to the crop water demand, the design capacity of a single water storage pool and the comprehensive irrigation water use efficiency; performing buffer zone analysis on the water demand patches, superimposing the small watershed water system node distribution map, and screening out a candidate water storage pool site selection library; and constructing an optimization model with the minimum water supply distance and the maximum service area as double targets to determine the spatial position of the water storage pool meeting the quantity requirement from the candidate water storage pool site selection library. The application can realize collaborative optimization, comprehensively considers the economic cost and service range of site selection, and improves the scientificity and accuracy of site selection planning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation and water resources management technology, specifically to a site selection method and device for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds. Background Technology

[0002] Red soil hilly areas, as one of the typical landform types in southern my country, are characterized by fragmented terrain, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, and the coexistence of seasonal droughts and floods. Rainwater harvesting and utilization projects organically combine slope water systems with rainwater irrigation. Through comprehensive measures such as collection, interception, diversion, storage, and irrigation, rainwater resources collected during the rainy season are used to supplement irrigation during the dry season, effectively alleviating flooding and drought problems in hilly and mountainous areas. Among these, site selection and planning are the core aspects of the entire rainwater harvesting and utilization project; its rationality directly affects the subsequent operational efficiency, safety, and convenience of water services.

[0003] In existing applications, the determination of the location and number of stormwater harvesting and utilization projects often relies on manual experience or single terrain analysis. This fails to systematically consider the synergistic optimization of available water resources, crop irrigation water requirements, ecological constraints, and economic costs, making it difficult to accurately match project scale with crop irrigation water needs. This can easily lead to overlapping or omissions in service radii and low irrigation efficiency. This invention provides an efficient and feasible solution for the scientific site selection and planning of stormwater harvesting and utilization projects through multi-source data fusion, water system hierarchical constraints, spatial overlay screening, and target optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical defects mentioned in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a site selection method and device for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds, aiming to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in small watersheds of red soil hills, the method comprising:

[0006] Multimodal data is collected from the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data;

[0007] Based on the collected multimodal data, GIS hydrological analysis tools are used to extract and label the watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed water system nodes.

[0008] Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, the water-requiring patches and their areas are divided according to the land use types requiring irrigation, and the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch are calculated;

[0009] The number of reservoirs required within the watershed is determined based on the crop water requirements, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency.

[0010] A buffer zone analysis with radius R is performed on the water-requiring patches, and the distribution map of the small watershed water system nodes is superimposed to select water system nodes located within the buffer zone as candidate reservoir sites.

[0011] An optimization model is constructed with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area. Based on the introduced constraints, the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements are determined from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool. The constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites, and spatial spacing.

[0012] As a preferred implementation of this application, the method further includes a location verification and optimization step, specifically including:

[0013] Based on the determined location of the reservoir and its water supply service area, a buffer zone analysis is conducted to verify the water supply service area of ​​the reservoir. At the same time, the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch is calculated.

[0014] Based on the calculation results, feedback adjustments are made to areas with insufficient water supply, and the weighting coefficients and reservoir capacity configurations are optimized.

[0015] As a specific implementation of this application, the step of using GIS hydrological analysis tools to extract and mark watershed hydrological features and generate a small watershed river system node distribution map specifically includes:

[0016] Based on the collected DEM data, the watershed boundaries, river networks and their levels are extracted using the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS, and river network nodes are marked, including the source nodes of the first-order tributaries and the confluence nodes where the tributaries flow into the main channel, thereby generating the distribution map of the water system nodes of the small watershed.

[0017] As a specific implementation of this application, the multimodal data also includes ecologically sensitive area distribution data. If the selected reservoir location has unsuitable construction conditions, the nodes need to be moved and adjusted to a suitable location along the downstream of the river network to ensure that the adjusted nodes meet the various terrain requirements for reservoir construction. The constraints include the ecologically sensitive area distribution data.

[0018] As a preferred implementation of this application, the formula for calculating the crop water requirement is as follows:

[0019] ;

[0020] W j plaque j Crop water requirement during critical periods (m³)3 ); A mr For the first m Crop planting r The area of ​​crops requiring irrigation (hm²) 2 ); M mr For the first m Crop r Irrigation quota for each irrigation (m 3 / hm 2 ); a This represents the number of crop species requiring irrigation within the sub-basin. b This refers to the number of irrigations.

[0021] As one specific implementation of this application, the objective function of the optimization model is: ,in, α Z1 represents the weighting coefficients; Z2 represents the objective function for minimizing the water supply distance; and Z3 represents the objective function for maximizing the service area.

[0022] As a specific implementation of this application, the step of providing feedback and adjustment to areas with insufficient water supply specifically includes:

[0023] If the water supply service area cannot cover all water-demanding patches, adjustments can be made. α The weighting coefficient ensures that the final selected reservoir water supply service area completely covers all water-demanding patches;

[0024] At the same time, based on the determined location of the water storage tank and the information on the water demand patches it serves, as well as the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch; if the water supply satisfaction of a certain water demand patch is not met, the water supply capacity of its water storage tank will be increased until the requirements are met;

[0025] The water supply satisfaction level is defined by the following formula:

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, Water-demanding plaques j Water supply satisfaction; Q i For reservoirs i Water-demanding plaques j Water supply; L Water-demanding plaques j The number of water storage tanks for water supply.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a site selection device for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds, comprising:

[0029] The data acquisition module is used to collect multimodal data from the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein, the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data;

[0030] Processing module, used for:

[0031] Based on the collected multimodal data, GIS hydrological analysis tools are used to extract and label the watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed water system nodes.

[0032] Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, the water-requiring patches and their areas are divided according to the land use types requiring irrigation, and the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch are calculated;

[0033] The number of reservoirs required within the watershed is determined based on the crop water requirements, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency.

[0034] Analysis module, used for:

[0035] A buffer zone analysis with radius R is performed on the water-requiring patches, and a distribution map of small watershed water system nodes is superimposed to select water system nodes located within the buffer zone as a candidate reservoir site selection pool.

[0036] An optimization model is constructed with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area. Based on the introduced constraints, the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements are determined from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool. The constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites, and spatial spacing.

[0037] The optimization module is used for site selection verification and optimization.

[0038] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization engineering in a red soil hilly small watershed as described in the first aspect.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By constructing an optimization model with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing water supply service area, the present invention comprehensively considers the economic cost and service range of reservoir site selection, thereby improving the overall benefits of stormwater harvesting and storage projects.

[0040] Furthermore, various constraints were introduced to ensure the rationality and feasibility of the site selection scheme; and the use of GIS-based technology for data acquisition and processing enabled full utilization of geospatial information, improving the scientificity and accuracy of site selection planning, while saving time and effort. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a generated small watershed water system node distribution map provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a candidate point and a water-required patch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the final water storage tank location distribution provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification of a water storage tank water supply service area provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a site selection device for stormwater harvesting and utilization engineering in a small watershed of red soil hills, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0051] DEM: Digital Elevation Model, is a digital simulation of ground terrain using limited terrain elevation data. It is a physical ground model that represents ground elevation using an ordered array of numerical values.

[0052] ArcGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) software developed by Esri Corporation of the United States. It is used to create, analyze, visualize and manage geospatial data.

[0053] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical terms used in this embodiment have the common meaning as understood in the relevant technical field.

[0054] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in small watersheds of red soil hills, the method comprising:

[0055] S101, Multimodal data collection is performed on the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein, the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data;

[0056] S102, Based on the collected multimodal data, the watershed hydrological features are extracted and marked using GIS hydrological analysis tools to generate a distribution map of small watershed water system nodes;

[0057] S103. Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, divide the water-requiring patches of land use types that require irrigation and their areas, and calculate the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch;

[0058] S104. Determine the number of reservoirs required in the watershed based on the crop water requirement, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the comprehensive irrigation water utilization efficiency.

[0059] S105, perform buffer analysis with radius R on the water-requiring patch, and overlay the distribution map of the small watershed water system nodes to screen out the water system nodes located in the buffer as candidate reservoir sites.

[0060] S106, construct an optimization model with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area, and determine the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool according to the introduced constraints; wherein, the constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites and spatial spacing.

[0061] In step S101, the multimodal data also includes distribution data of ecologically sensitive areas. If the selected reservoir location has unsuitable construction conditions, the node needs to be moved and adjusted to a suitable location along the downstream of the river network to ensure that the adjusted node meets the various terrain requirements for reservoir construction. The constraints include the distribution data of ecologically sensitive areas, such as wetlands and forests.

[0062] In step S102, the step of using GIS hydrological analysis tools to extract and label watershed hydrological features and generate a distribution map of small watershed nodes specifically includes:

[0063] Based on the collected DEM data, the watershed boundaries, river networks and their levels were extracted using the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS, and river network nodes were marked, including the source nodes of the first-level tributaries and the confluence nodes where the tributaries flow into the main channel, thereby generating the distribution map of the water system nodes of the small watershed.

[0064] In step S103, water-required patches are divided according to the land use type requiring irrigation. By dividing the land use types such as dry land and orchards requiring irrigation into patches, the crop water requirement during the critical water requirement period is calculated for each water-required patch based on factors such as agricultural meteorology, crop type, planting area, and irrigation system. The formula for calculating the crop water requirement is as follows:

[0065] ;

[0066] W j plaque j Crop water requirement during critical periods (m³) 3 ); A mr For the first m Crop r The area of ​​crops requiring irrigation (hm²) 2 ); M mr For the first m Crop r Irrigation quota for each irrigation (m 3 / hm 2 ); a This represents the number of crop species requiring irrigation within the sub-basin. b This refers to the number of irrigations.

[0067] In step S104, the number of reservoirs is determined: based on the design capacity of a single reservoir and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency, the required number of reservoirs within the watershed is determined. N The design capacity of a single reservoir and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency are preset values; for example, the design capacity of a single reservoir is 100m³. 3 The overall irrigation water utilization efficiency is 0.8.

[0068] Furthermore, the required number of water storage tanks N The calculation method is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, ⌈⋅⌉ is the floor function; K This represents the total number of water-demanding patches; V This refers to the volume of a single reservoir. η To improve the overall efficiency of irrigation water use.

[0071] In step S105, a buffer analysis with radius R is performed on the water-requiring patches, and the water system node distribution map in step S102 is superimposed to select the water system nodes located in the buffer as candidate reservoir sites.

[0072] Among the candidate reservoir sites, the optimization of the dual objectives—minimizing the total water supply distance (i.e., the aforementioned minimum water supply distance) and maximizing the total water supply service area (i.e., the aforementioned maximum service area)—is achieved using a weighted coefficient method, taking into account constraints, to obtain a number of suitable sites. N The required location of the water storage tank.

[0073] Furthermore, the optimization objective function for minimizing the water supply distance is calculated using the following formula:

[0074] ;

[0075] In the formula, d ij For reservoirs i To water-demanding plaques j Geometric distance (m); x ij This is a binary variable indicating whether to select the water storage tank. i Water-demanding plaques j The water supply points provided x ij =1 indicates a service. x ij =0 indicates no service; M The number of candidate points; K This represents the number of water-demanding plaques.

[0076] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the objective function that maximizes the service area for Z2 is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, S i For reservoirs i Within its service radius R The area of ​​water-requiring patches that can be covered within the range, S i It can be obtained directly in ArcGIS.

[0079] Furthermore, a weighted summation method is used to unify the two objective functions into a single comprehensive objective function (Z). ,in, α These are weighting coefficients, set according to planning objectives and preferences.

[0080] Furthermore, the constraints of the above objective function include:

[0081] Planning and construction N One reservoir: ;

[0082] Each selected reservoir must supply water to at least one water-demanding patch: ;

[0083] Only selected reservoirs can supply water to the areas in need: ;

[0084] Water storage tank spacing constraint: for any i , k ∈{1, 2, ..., M}, i ≠ k If the water storage tank point i and k spacing d ik < D ,but:

[0085] ;

[0086] Service radius R Constraint (distance exceeds radius) R (Then water supply will be unavailable) ;

[0087] In this embodiment, the optimization model uses intelligent optimization algorithms (including but not limited to improved genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization algorithms, or integer linear programming) to quickly obtain an approximate optimal solution and solve for the optimal layout of the water storage tank.

[0088] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, the method also includes a site selection verification and optimization step, specifically including:

[0089] Based on the determined location of the reservoir and its water supply service area, a buffer zone analysis is conducted to verify the water supply service area of ​​the reservoir. At the same time, the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch is calculated.

[0090] Based on the calculation results, feedback adjustments are made to areas with insufficient water supply, and the weighting coefficients and reservoir capacity configurations are optimized.

[0091] The feedback adjustment for areas with insufficient water supply specifically includes:

[0092] If the water supply service area cannot cover all water-demanding patches, adjustments can be made. α The weighting coefficient ensures that the final selected reservoir water supply service area completely covers all water-demanding patches;

[0093] At the same time, based on the determined location of the water storage tank and the information on the water demand patches it serves, as well as the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch; if the water supply satisfaction of a certain water demand patch is not met, the water supply capacity of its water storage tank will be increased until the requirements are met;

[0094] The water supply satisfaction level is defined by the following formula:

[0095] ;

[0096] In the formula, Water-demanding plaques j Water supply satisfaction; Q i For reservoirs i Water-demanding plaques j Water supply; L Water-demanding plaques j The number of water storage tanks for water supply.

[0097] This invention can select the optimal location and quantity for construction within a candidate area, resulting in a scientifically sound and reasonable site selection.

[0098] To facilitate understanding of this scheme, a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and storage projects in small watersheds in red soil hilly areas is disclosed.

[0099] Step 1: Obtain a DEM with a planar spatial accuracy of 30m, historical meteorological data (at least 20 years), and current land use distribution for the target area.

[0100] Step 2: Based on the collected DEM data, use the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS to extract the watershed boundaries, river network, and their levels (using the Strahler classification method), and mark the river network nodes, including source nodes (the starting points of first-order tributaries) and confluence nodes (where tributaries flow into the main channel), generating a spatial distribution map of the river system nodes, referring to... Figure 2 .

[0101] Step 3: Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, divide the land use into patches of irrigated dryland and orchards. For each water-demanding patch, calculate the water requirement based on factors such as agro-meteorology, crop type, planting area, and irrigation system. The calculation shows that a total of 3655 m³ of irrigation water is required during the critical water demand period in the small watershed using water-saving irrigation methods. 3 .

[0102] Step 4: The design capacity of a single water storage tank is 100m³. 3 The overall irrigation water utilization efficiency is 0.8, and the required number of water storage ponds in the small watershed is determined to be 46.

[0103] Step 5: Conduct a 1000m buffer zone analysis on water-demanding patches such as orchards and drylands. Overlay the water system node distribution map from Step 2, and select nodes located within a 1000m buffer zone (radius R) as candidate reservoir sites, totaling 294. Figure 3 As shown.

[0104] Step 6: With the dual objectives of minimizing the total water supply distance and maximizing the total water supply service area, and considering spatial constraints, the weighting coefficient method is used ( a A value of 0.5 was used to achieve dual-objective collaborative optimization. Based on the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) algorithm, the global optimal solution was accurately obtained, thus determining the final spatial locations of the 46 reservoirs; for example... Figure 4 As shown.

[0105] Step 7: Site Selection Verification and Optimization. Based on the location of the reservoirs and their water supply service area determined in Step 6, a buffer zone with a radius of 1000m is constructed to verify the water supply service area of ​​the reservoirs. Simultaneously, the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch is calculated. Based on the calculation results, it is determined that the water supply capacity of reservoirs 20 and 37 needs to be increased; if... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The water supply service range within a radius of 1000m for each reservoir.

[0106] The above scheme, by constructing an optimization model with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing water supply service area, comprehensively considers the economic cost and service range of reservoir site selection, thereby improving the overall benefits of stormwater harvesting and storage projects.

[0107] Furthermore, various constraints were introduced to ensure the rationality and feasibility of the site selection scheme; and the use of GIS-based technology for data acquisition and processing enabled full utilization of geospatial information, improving the scientificity and accuracy of site selection planning, while saving time and effort.

[0108] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a site selection device for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds, referring to... Figure 6 ,include:

[0109] The data acquisition module is used to collect multimodal data from the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein, the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data;

[0110] Processing module, used for:

[0111] Based on the collected multimodal data, GIS hydrological analysis tools are used to extract and label the watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed water system nodes.

[0112] Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, the water-requiring patches and their areas are divided according to the land use types requiring irrigation, and the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch are calculated;

[0113] The number of reservoirs required within the watershed is determined based on the crop water requirements, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency.

[0114] Analysis module, used for:

[0115] A buffer zone analysis with radius R is performed on the water-demanding patches, and the distribution map of the small watershed nodes is superimposed to select nodes located within the buffer zone as candidate reservoir sites.

[0116] An optimization model is constructed with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area. Based on the introduced constraints, the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements are determined from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool. The constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites, and spatial spacing.

[0117] The optimization module is used for site selection verification and optimization.

[0118] Furthermore, the step of using GIS hydrological analysis tools to extract and label watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed river system nodes, specifically includes:

[0119] Based on the collected DEM data, the watershed boundaries, river networks and their levels are extracted using the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS, and river network nodes are marked, including the source nodes of the first-order tributaries and the confluence nodes where the tributaries flow into the main channel, thereby generating the distribution map of the water system nodes of the small watershed.

[0120] The site selection verification and optimization specifically include:

[0121] Based on the determined location of the reservoir and its water supply service area, a buffer zone analysis is conducted to verify the water supply service area of ​​the reservoir. At the same time, the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch is calculated.

[0122] Based on the calculation results, feedback adjustments are made to areas with insufficient water supply, and the weighting coefficients and reservoir capacity configurations are optimized.

[0123] The feedback adjustment for areas with insufficient water supply specifically includes:

[0124] If the water supply service area cannot cover all water-demanding patches, adjustments can be made. α The weighting coefficient ensures that the final selected reservoir water supply service area completely covers all water-demanding patches;

[0125] At the same time, based on the determined location of the water storage tank and the information on the water demand patches it serves, as well as the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch; if the water supply satisfaction of a certain water demand patch is not met, the water supply capacity of its water storage tank will be increased until the requirements are met.

[0126] It should be noted that for a more detailed description of the working process of the device embodiments, please refer to the foregoing method embodiments section, which will not be repeated here.

[0127] By constructing an optimization model with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing water supply service area, the economic cost and service range of reservoir site selection are comprehensively considered, thereby improving the overall benefits of stormwater harvesting and storage projects.

[0128] Furthermore, various constraints were introduced to ensure the rationality and feasibility of the site selection scheme; and the use of GIS-based technology for data acquisition and processing enabled full utilization of geospatial information, improving the scientificity and accuracy of site selection planning, while saving time and effort.

[0129] In another embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device is also provided, with reference to... Figure 7 It includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly small watersheds as described above.

[0130] It should be noted that if the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0131] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the described apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0132] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one unit. The scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes other implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order according to the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.

[0133] The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules. When using any module, the collection and storage of user information shall only be carried out with the user's full authorization and in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, protecting the security and privacy of user data, and strictly prohibiting unauthorized access.

[0134] Data processing will be conducted within the scope of the law and will not exceed the purposes and scope authorized by the user; at the same time, users have the right to access, correct, delete, restrict processing, and refuse processing of their personal data; and strictly comply with applicable laws and regulations and conduct compliance reviews.

[0135] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in small watersheds of red soil hills, characterized in that, The method includes: Multimodal data is collected from the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data; Based on the collected multimodal data, GIS hydrological analysis tools are used to extract and label the watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed nodes. Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, the water-requiring patches and their areas are divided according to the land use types requiring irrigation, and the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch are calculated; The number of reservoirs required in the watershed is determined based on the crop water requirements, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency. A buffer zone analysis with radius R is performed on the water-requiring patches, and the distribution map of the small watershed water system nodes is superimposed to select water system nodes located within the buffer zone as candidate reservoir sites. An optimization model is constructed with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area. Based on the introduced constraints, the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements are determined from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool. The constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites, and spatial spacing.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes a site selection verification and optimization step, specifically including: Based on the determined location of the reservoir and its water supply service area, a buffer zone analysis is conducted to verify the water supply service area of ​​the reservoir. At the same time, the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch is calculated. Based on the calculation results, feedback adjustments are made to areas with insufficient water supply, and the weighting coefficients and reservoir capacity configurations are optimized.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of extracting and marking watershed hydrological features using GIS hydrological analysis tools to generate a distribution map of small watershed river system nodes specifically includes: Based on the collected DEM data, the watershed boundaries, river networks and their levels are extracted using the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS, and river network nodes are marked, including the source nodes of the first-order tributaries and the confluence nodes where the tributaries flow into the main channel, thereby generating the distribution map of the water system nodes of the small watershed.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The multimodal data also includes distribution data of ecologically sensitive areas. If the selected reservoir location has unsuitable construction conditions, the nodes need to be moved and adjusted to a suitable location along the downstream of the river network to ensure that the adjusted nodes meet the various terrain requirements for reservoir construction. The constraints include the distribution data of ecologically sensitive areas.

5. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the crop water requirement is as follows: ； W j plaque j Crop water requirement during critical periods (m³) 3 ); A mr For the first m Crop planting r The area of ​​crops requiring irrigation (hm²) 2 ); M mr For the first m Crop planting r Irrigation quota for each irrigation (m 3 / hm 2 ); a This represents the number of crop species requiring irrigation within the sub-basin. b This refers to the number of irrigations.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The objective function of the optimization model is: ,in, α Z1 represents the weighting coefficients; Z2 represents the objective function for minimizing the water supply distance; and Z3 represents the objective function for maximizing the service area.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The feedback adjustment for areas with insufficient water supply specifically includes: If the water supply service area cannot cover all water-demanding patches, adjustments can be made. α The weighting coefficient ensures that the final selected reservoir water supply service area completely covers all water-demanding patches; At the same time, based on the determined location of the water storage tank and the information on the water demand patches it serves, as well as the water supply satisfaction of each water demand patch; if the water supply satisfaction of a certain water demand patch is not met, the water supply capacity of its water storage tank will be increased until the requirements are met; The water supply satisfaction level is defined by the following formula: ； In the formula, Water-demanding plaques j Water supply satisfaction; Q i For reservoirs i Water-demanding plaques j Water supply; L Water-demanding plaques j The number of water storage tanks for water supply.

8. A site selection device for rainwater harvesting and utilization projects in small watersheds of red soil hills, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect multimodal data from the target area to establish a geographic database; wherein, the multimodal data includes DEM data, current land use distribution, soil type and meteorological data; Processing module, used for: Based on the collected multimodal data, GIS hydrological analysis tools are used to extract and label the watershed hydrological features, generating a distribution map of small watershed nodes. Based on the pre-constructed small watershed land use map, the water-requiring patches and their areas are divided according to the land use types requiring irrigation, and the crop water requirements during the critical water-requiring period of each patch are calculated; The number of reservoirs required in the watershed is determined based on the crop water requirements, the design capacity of a single reservoir, and the overall irrigation water utilization efficiency. Analysis module, used for: A buffer zone analysis with radius R is performed on the water-requiring patches, and the distribution map of the small watershed water system nodes is superimposed to select water system nodes located within the buffer zone as candidate reservoir sites. An optimization model is constructed with the dual objectives of minimizing water supply distance and maximizing service area. Based on the introduced constraints, the spatial locations of water storage tanks that meet the quantity requirements are determined from the candidate water storage tank site selection pool. The constraints include water supply service radius, number of sites, and spatial spacing. The optimization module is used for site selection verification and optimization.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The process of extracting and marking watershed hydrological features using GIS hydrological analysis tools to generate a distribution map of small watershed river system nodes specifically includes: Based on the collected DEM data, the watershed boundaries, river networks and their levels were extracted using the Hydrology toolbox in ArcGIS, and river network nodes were marked, including the source nodes of the first-level tributaries and the confluence nodes where the tributaries flow into the main channel, thus creating a distribution map of the water system nodes in the small watershed.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a site selection method for stormwater harvesting and utilization projects in red soil hilly areas as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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