Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reception unit that receives a synchronization signal block transmitted using time resources that differ for each operator, and a control unit that performs initial access to an operator to which the terminal itself corresponds, based on the synchronization signal block. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, initial access using shared resources can be appropriately performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving upon LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems, with the aim of making efficient use of frequency bands (existing frequency bands and new high frequency bands), research is being conducted on the sharing of sites / resources by multiple operators.

[0009] However, the initial access procedures for multiple operators sharing resources have not been fully studied. Without sufficient research, flexible communication deployment for each operator cannot be implemented, raising concerns that it may hinder improvements in communication quality.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, wireless communication method, and base station capable of appropriately performing initial access using shared resources.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit for receiving a synchronization signal block transmitted using time resources different for each operator; and a control unit for performing initial access to its corresponding operator based on the synchronization signal block.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one method of this disclosure, it is possible to properly perform initial access using shared resources. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an initial access method.

[0016] Figures 2A-2D This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sharing scenario.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the transmission of the SSB involved in option 1-1.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0023] (Initial access process)

[0024] the following Figure 1 Taking this as an example, the method / process of initial access will be explained.

[0025] After receiving the SSB, the UE performs the initial access procedure. During the initial access procedure, the terminal (also referred to as the terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) in RRC_IDLE mode) receives the SS / PBCH block (SSB), sends message (Msg.) 1 (PRACH / random access preamble), receives Msg.2 (PDCCH, PDSCH containing the random access response (RAR)), sends Msg.3 (PUSCH scheduled with RAR UL permission), and receives Msg.4 (PDCCH, PDSCH containing the UE contention resolution identity). Subsequently, if the UE sends an ACK for Msg.4 to the base station (network), an RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode).

[0026] SSB reception includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection, and PBCH reception. PSS detection detects a portion of the Physical Cell ID (PCI), OFDM symbol timing (synchronization), and (coarse) frequency synchronization. SSS detection includes physical cell ID detection. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detection of a portion of the SSB index within a half-frame (5ms). PBCH reception includes detection of the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), reception of remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1) settings, and identification of whether the UE can camp on the cell (carrier).

[0027] The SSB has a 20RB band and a 4-symbol time. The SSB transmission period can be set from {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. In a half-frame, multiple symbol positions of the SSB are specified based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2).

[0028] The PBCH has a 56-bit payload. N repetitions of the PBCH are transmitted within an 80ms period. N depends on the SSB transmission period.

[0029] System information consists of the MIB, RMSI (SIB1), and other system information (OSI) carried via the PBCH. SIB1 contains RACH settings and information used for the RACH process. The time / frequency resource relationship between the SSB and SIB1, monitored via the PDCCH, is set through the PBCH.

[0030] The PDSCH carrying SIB1 (SIB1 PDSCH) is sent periodically. This PDSCH is scheduled via type 0-PDCCH. One SSB corresponds to one SIB1 PDSCH. An SIB1 PDSCH may be repeated twice or not. SIB1 sets the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID. The PLMN ID can also be referred to as the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) identifier.

[0031] PLMN ID refers to a globally unique identifier used for the identification of an MNO.

[0032] The UE identifies the MNO performing network access operations based on specific parameters in system information (e.g., SIB1) (e.g., a list of PLMN ID information in cell access relationship information (e.g., CellAccessRelatedInfo) (e.g., PLMN-IdentityInfoList)).

[0033] Base stations using beam correspondence transmit multiple SSBs separately using multiple beams (simulated beams) per SSB transmission cycle. These multiple SSBs can also be referred to as SSB bursts. Each of these multiple SSBs has multiple SSB indices. A UE that detects an SSB transmits a PRACH at the RACH occasion associated with that SSB index and receives a RAR within the RAR window.

[0034] (Sharing among multiple MNOs)

[0035] For 6G, the following requirements are being studied.

[0036] - Ultra-wideband communication.

[0037] - Mission-critical communication is essential for business implementation.

[0038] - Ultra massive connection.

[0039] - Universal coverage.

[0040] - Intelligent connection.

[0041] - Ubiquitous sensing.

[0042] - New use cases.

[0043] In addition to the objectives mentioned above, the following new concepts can also be included as objectives.

[0044] - Scalable (e.g., further guaranteeing future availability).

[0045] - Customizable (e.g., making it easier to use).

[0046] - Sustainable (e.g., reducing costs to make it more robust).

[0047] To reduce base station deployment costs, the following factors shared between mobile network operators (MNOs) can also be studied for applications in licensed spectrum.

[0048] - Existing sharing from LTE (equipment sharing). Core network sharing (gateway core network, GWCN, multi-operator core network, MOCN). Different operators share cells, which can be assigned different PLMNIDs for different operators.

[0049] - RAN sharing (multi-operator RAN, MORAN). Different operators share base station hardware, allowing different cells to be assigned to different operators.

[0050] - Site sharing. Different operators can share sites, allowing different base stations to be assigned to different operators.

[0051] - Spectrum sharing.

[0052] Figures 2A to 2D This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sharing scenario.

[0053] Figure 2A This illustrates an example of site sharing. For example... Figure 2A As shown, in site sharing, multiple operators share antennas and sites. On the other hand, the service platform, HSS (Home Subscriber Server) / HLR (Home Location Register), Core Network (CN) Packet Switching (PS) (core network (CN)), base stations, and cells / frequencies are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0054] Figure 2B An example of MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN) is shown. Figure 2B As shown, in MORAN, multiple operators share not only antennas and sites, but also a portion of the base station (e.g., base station hardware). On the other hand, the service platform, HSS / HLR, CN PS, other parts of the base station (e.g., base station software), and cells / frequency are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0055] Figure 2C An example of MOCN (Multi Operator Core Network) is shown. Figure 2C As shown, in MOCN, multiple operators share base stations and cells / frequency. On the other hand, the service platform, HSS / HLR, and CN PS are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0056] Figure 2D This illustrates an example of GWCN (Gateway Core Network). Figure 2D As shown, in a GWCN, multiple operators share CN PS, base stations, and cells / frequency. On the other hand, the service platform and HSS / HLR are independent for each of the multiple operators.

[0057] For example, in MOCN / GWCN, since multiple operators share a cell, it is preferable to be able to change the settings per operator (e.g., per ID associated with the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) (PLMN ID)).

[0058] For example, in existing specifications (e.g., prior to Rel.17), is it permissible to configure initial access to a cell, tracking area code, and specific cell IDs within a PLMN on a per PLMN ID basis?

[0059] On the other hand, for UEs in the RRC connected state, operator-specific settings can be set as RRC settings based on the terminal's PLMN ID. Specifically, in resource sharing, when it is desired that only terminals corresponding to a specific operator can utilize a portion of the shared cell's time resources, settings can be configured so that terminals of other operators do not use that portion of the time resources.

[0060] However, in existing specifications, settings (e.g., broadcast information, etc.) for specific UEs (e.g., UEs in initial access / idle mode) are mostly not given per operator (e.g., PLMN ID), making it impossible to change settings across multiple operators. For example, parameters in System Information Block 1 (SIB1) for settings such as Random Access Channel (RACH) resources (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommonSIB) are not given per PLMN ID, thus making it impossible to set / change UE RACH resources per operator.

[0061] Thus, if the settings for a specific UE cannot be changed across multiple operators, flexible communication deployment for each operator is not possible. Consequently, it is impossible to determine the resources involved in flexible and appropriate initial access, raising concerns about inhibiting the improvement of communication quality.

[0062] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived of a flexible application strategy / parameter application / setting method among operators based on efficient station installation / frequency utilization through resource sharing.

[0063] The embodiments disclosed herein will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods described in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0064] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0065] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0066] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0067] In this disclosure, higher-level signaling may be, for example, any one or a combination of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, etc.

[0068] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0069] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0070] In this disclosure, a b a_b and the notation (expression) of a with b appended to the lower right corner can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, a c The notation a^c, a^c, and a^c with c appended to the upper right of a can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, a b c The notation methods a_b^c, a_b^c, and a_b^c with b appended to the lower right and c appended to the upper right can also be rewritten. In this disclosure, ceil(x), the floor function (rounding up), and the ceiling function can also be rewritten. In this disclosure, floor(x), the floor function (rounding down), and the floor function can also be rewritten. In this disclosure, sqrt(x) and the square root (root) can also be rewritten. In this disclosure, x... ~ It can be represented by appending ~ to x, or it can be called an x ​​tilde. In this disclosure, x - It can be represented by adding a '-' above x, or it can be called x-bar.

[0071] In this disclosure, MNO, operator, PLMN, operator policy, settings for each operator, and settings for each operator can also be modified. In this disclosure, MNO, NW, base station, central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), and TRP can also be modified.

[0072] In this disclosure, specific IDs, PLMN IDs, PLMN-related IDs, operator-related information / IDs, PLMNs, more than one piece of information identified by a PLMN, PLMN sets, IDs / information / parameters used to identify operators / MNOs, and operator ID-related information can also be rewritten.

[0073] In this disclosure, the system information (SI), a portion of the system information, partial system information, MIB, SIB, SIB for initial access, SIB1, SIB x (x is an arbitrary number), downlink shared channel carrying system information, and PDSCH carrying system information can also be rewritten.

[0074] In this disclosure, resources, time resources, temporal resources, subframes, time slots, sub-time slots, symbols, and spans (consisting of a specific number of symbols) can also be rewritten.

[0075] In this disclosure, resources, frequency resources, frequency domain resources, physical resource blocks (PRBs), RBs, RB groups (RBGs), component carriers (CCs), bandwidth portions (BWPs), and subcarriers can also be rewritten to each other.

[0076] (Wireless communication method)

[0077] The initial / random access procedure in various embodiments of this disclosure may also include a specific number of steps.

[0078] The initial / random access procedure in various embodiments of this disclosure may be, for example, a 4-step random access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure using message 1 (PRACH), message 2 (RAR), message 3, and message 4), a 2-step random access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure using message A and message B), or an N-step random access procedure (N being any number). Furthermore, the initial access procedure in various embodiments of this disclosure may also differ from a portion of the existing (as specified prior to Rel. 18) initial / random access procedures.

[0079] The received DL channel / signal may also contain a reference signal (e.g., DMRS / CSI-RS / TRS / PTRS).

[0080] The DL channel / signal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as any DL channel / signal (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH), and the UL channel / signal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as any UL channel / signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH).

[0081] In this disclosure, SSB, SS / PBCH block, synchronization signal, PSS, SSS, TSS, PBCH, system information, MIB, and SIB can also be rewritten.

[0082] The UE can also use specific DL signals to receive / notify / determine operator-related information / IDs.

[0083] The UE can also use this information / ID to determine which operator the transmitted signal and the signal associated with the transmitted signal correspond to.

[0084] UEs can also use specific DL signals to perform initial access for their own operator.

[0085] <First Implementation>

[0086] The first implementation relates to the time resources of the synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (e.g., also referred to as the synchronization signal block (SSB)).

[0087] In this disclosure, the so-called SSB time resource may also refer to the time resource in which the SSB is sent.

[0088] SSB time resources can also be divided for each operator. In other words, within the time resources corresponding to each operator, SSBs corresponding to each operator can also be sent.

[0089] Alternatively, "time resources" in this embodiment can be appropriately rewritten as "frequency resources". In this case, SSBs can also be transmitted in frequency resources that vary for each operator.

[0090] Regarding SSBs sent by different operators, the beams corresponding to the same SSB index can use a common beam or different beams.

[0091] Option 1-0

[0092] SSB time resources can also be divided based on negotiations / decision between operators.

[0093] In other words, the time resources of the segmented SSBs can also be allocated to each operator.

[0094] Option 1-0 allows for the use of each operator's time resources for SSB transmission without affecting the specifications.

[0095] Option 1-1

[0096] The UE can also receive / decode synchronization signals (e.g., PSS / SSS).

[0097] The UE can also determine / identify which operator the SSB containing the synchronization signal corresponds to based on the reception / decoding of the synchronization signal.

[0098] For example, in addition to the physical cell ID (also known as cell ID), the synchronization signal may also contain operator-related information (e.g., a specific ID (e.g., PLMN ID)).

[0099] For example, the UE may also be notified of a specific ID using a sequence of synchronization signals (e.g., PSS). A specific number of sequences (e.g., 3) may also be used for this sequence.

[0100] In this case, the UE may also be notified of the cell ID using a synchronization signal (e.g., a synchronization signal other than the one used to notify a specific ID, such as SSS). The cell ID may also represent, for example, the IDs of a specific number of cells (e.g., 336).

[0101] Furthermore, the UE can also be notified of a specific ID using a sequence of synchronization signals (e.g., SSS). A specific number of sequences (e.g., up to 336) can also be used. According to this method, for example, compared to the case using PSS, it is possible to notify the UE of information about more than three operators.

[0102] Furthermore, the synchronization signal can also be composed of PSS, SSS, and a third synchronization signal (Tertiary Synchronization Signal (TSS)). In this case, the PSS / SSS / TSS can also contain a specific ID. With this configuration, the SSB is used to notify a specific ID (e.g., PLMN ID), which can prevent the reduction of cell ID notification patterns.

[0103] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates an example of SSB transmission related to option 1-1. Figure 3 In the example shown, the UE corresponds to MNO#A. The UE receives the SSB transmitted through resources segmented by each operator and decodes the PSS / SSS to determine which MNO the SSB was transmitted from.

[0104] The operator-related information included in the synchronization signal can also be information / indexes that are different from the PLMN ID and used to identify the operator. This information / index can also be information / indexes with fewer / smaller numbers of digits compared to the (global) PLMN ID.

[0105] This information / index can also be assigned to each operator based on negotiation / decision between operators. For example, indices 0, 1, and 2 could correspond to operators A, B, and C, respectively.

[0106] Furthermore, in this disclosure, specific IDs / carrier IDs / PLMN IDs and this information / index can also be overwritten.

[0107] The UE can also be notified whether the synchronization signal contains operator-related information.

[0108] The notification could also be a specific DL signal (e.g., the synchronization signal / PBCH / MIB).

[0109] For example, the UE can also determine whether the synchronization signal contains operator-related information based on a specific field / bit (e.g., 1 bit) contained in that particular DL signal.

[0110] For example, the UE may also determine that the synchronization signal does not contain operator-related information if the specific field / bit represents a first value (e.g., 0), and assume that the synchronization signal represents any one of a certain number (e.g., 1008) of cell IDs.

[0111] For example, the UE may also determine that the synchronization signal contains operator-related information if the specific field / bit represents a second value (e.g., 1), and assume that the synchronization signal represents any one of a first number (e.g., 336) of cell IDs and any one of a second number (e.g., 3) of operator-related information.

[0112] Based on option 1-1, it is possible to use the SSB received by the UE to determine which operator the SSB corresponds to (from which operator it was sent).

[0113] <Second Implementation>

[0114] The second implementation involves information related to the time resources of SSBs sent by each operator.

[0115] The UE can also use a specific DL signal to receive information related to the time resources of the SSBs sent by each operator. This specific DL signal may also contain information related to the time resources of the SSBs sent by each operator.

[0116] This specific DL signal could also be, for example, a broadcast channel (PBCH) / system information (e.g., MIB / SIB).

[0117] This implementation method can also be applied, for example, in the application of option 1-0 described above.

[0118] The UE can also determine / identify which operator the SSB corresponds to based on the reception of this specific DL signal.

[0119] If the operator determined based on this specific DL signal is different from the operator connected to the UE, the UE can perform SSB search / reception again.

[0120] Furthermore, if the operator determined based on this specific DL signal is different from the operator connected to the UE, the UE may not need to start the SSB search / reception from the beginning. This is because in such cases, the UE performs frequency / time synchronization with the base station.

[0121] The UE can also search for / receive SSBs based on information related to the time resource, (only) targeting the transmission resources of the SSB of the operator corresponding to the UE.

[0122] In addition, the UE can also be notified of information related to the frequency / time resources of the DL signal (e.g., PDCCH) corresponding to the UE's operator's SSB and system information (e.g., SIB).

[0123] According to the second implementation method described above, even when the time resources of the SSB are divided according to each operator, the UE can properly determine the operator corresponding to the SSB.

[0124] <Third Implementation Method>

[0125] The third implementation involves the associations related to information associated with the operator.

[0126] The UE can also use specific DL signals to receive information related to the operator (operator ID).

[0127] This specific DL signal could also be, for example, a broadcast channel (PBCH) / system information (e.g., MIB).

[0128] Option 3-1

[0129] A specific DL signal may also contain information related to an index associated with a synchronization signal (e.g., an SSB index) and a specific ID.

[0130] In addition, the association between an index associated with the synchronization signal (e.g., the SSB index) and a specific ID can be predefined. The UE can also determine the operator corresponding to the received synchronization signal (SSB) based on this association and the index associated with the synchronization signal (e.g., the SSB index).

[0131] Option 3-2

[0132] Specific DL signals may also contain bits / fields for operator-related notifications.

[0133] The UE can also determine the specific DL signal and the operator corresponding to the signal associated with that specific DL signal based on the value of this bit / field.

[0134] For example, when the bit / field represents a first value (e.g., 00), the UE can also determine that it is a specific DL signal and that the signal associated with that specific DL signal corresponds to a first operator (e.g., operator A).

[0135] For example, when the bit / field represents a second value (e.g., 01), the UE can also determine that it is a specific DL signal and that the signal associated with that specific DL signal corresponds to a second operator (e.g., operator B).

[0136] For example, when the bit / field represents a third value (e.g., 10), the UE can also determine that it is a specific DL signal and that the signal associated with that specific DL signal corresponds to a third operator (e.g., operator C).

[0137] For example, when the bit / field represents the fourth value (e.g., 11), the UE can also determine that it is a specific DL signal and that the signal associated with the specific DL signal corresponds to the fourth operator (e.g., operator D).

[0138] The number of bits in this bit / field can also vary based on the number of operators.

[0139] The maximum number of bits in this bit / field can also be specified in advance.

[0140] The association between the value of this bit / field and the operator can also be predetermined / set based on negotiations / decision between operators.

[0141] Option 3-3

[0142] A specific DL signal may also contain information indicating whether it can connect to the cell corresponding to each operator.

[0143] This information can also be, for example, whether camping is allowed in a particular cell (Barred / Not Barred). This particular cell can also correspond to multiple carriers.

[0144] For example, if the information indicates a first value (e.g., 0), a UE from a certain operator corresponding to that cell can also be determined to be unable to connect to that cell.

[0145] For example, if the information indicates a second value (e.g., 1), a UE of a certain operator corresponding to that cell can also be determined to be able to connect to that cell.

[0146] For example, it is also possible that, regarding this information, if the bit / information representation is a first value corresponding to the first operator (operator A), a first value corresponding to the second operator (operator B), a second value corresponding to the third operator (operator C), and a first value corresponding to the fourth operator (operator D), then the UE corresponding to the third operator can connect to the cell.

[0147] This information can also be represented, for example, as a bitmap. Each bit in this information can also correspond to a specific operator. In other words, the number of bits in this information can vary based on the number of operators.

[0148] The maximum number of bits for this information can also be predetermined.

[0149] The association of this information (in bits) with the operator can also be predetermined / set in advance based on negotiations / decision between operators.

[0150] According to the third implementation method described above, it is possible to appropriately notify / determine the association between the synchronization signal and the operator.

[0151] <Fourth Implementation>

[0152] The fourth implementation relates to the control channel during initial access.

[0153] Option 4-1

[0154] Alternatively, resources for the control channel (e.g., PDCCH0 / CORESET0) used for initial access can be allocated to each operator.

[0155] In other words, initial access can also be performed using the resources involved in the control channels, which vary by operator.

[0156] For example, the frequency / time resources for the control channel (e.g., PDCCH type 0) used for initial access can also be divided per operator.

[0157] For example, the control channel settings involved in the system information contained in the MIB (e.g., the PDCCH settings (pdcch-ConfigSIB1) for system information (e.g., SIB1), e.g., 16 bits) can also be specified / set by each operator.

[0158] The UE can also receive control channel settings (e.g., PDCCH settings for system information (e.g., SIB1)) involved in multiple system information from each operator. The UE can also receive system information based on the settings corresponding to its own operator among these multiple settings.

[0159] Furthermore, the control channel settings related to the system information contained within the MIB (e.g., the PDCCH settings for system information (e.g., SIB1)) can also be specified in a number of bits (e.g., 8 bits) less than a specific number of bits (e.g., 16 bits). In this case, the correspondence (e.g., a table) related to the information corresponding to the value represented by the setting can also be predetermined. According to this structure, even when the control channel settings related to the system information are specified for each operator, the signaling overhead of the MIB can be reduced.

[0160] According to option 4-1, the UE can make appropriate initial access by utilizing each segmented PDCCH resource of each operator.

[0161] Option 4-2

[0162] For multiple operators, the resources for control channels (e.g., PDCCH) used for initial access can also be public.

[0163] For each operator, different control channel elements (CCEs) within the control channel (e.g., PDCCH) can also be used.

[0164] For example, different RNTIs can be used for each operator. These operator-specific RNTIs can also be predefined / set. The UE can also use its own pre-set operator-specific RNTI to decode the control channel (PDCCH).

[0165] For example, a common RNTI (public SI-RNTI) for receiving system information can also be specified for multiple operators. This RNTI can also represent a specific value (e.g., FFFF).

[0166] For example, each operator's RNTI can also use a reserved value (a spare value) (e.g., any one of FFF0-FFFE). For example, it could be that the RNTI corresponding to the first operator has a value of FFFC, and the RMTI corresponding to the second operator has a value of FFFD.

[0167] According to option 4-2, the UE can make appropriate initial access by utilizing different CCE / RNTIs and PDCCHs that are sent for resources common to multiple operators.

[0168] Option 4-3

[0169] For multiple operators, the resources / CCE for the control channel (e.g., PDCCH) used for initial access can also be public.

[0170] The UE can also use a (different) DCI segmented by each operator to be scheduled with specific signals.

[0171] For example, in the case of a PDSCH that is scheduled with system information (e.g., RMSI) using DCI, a DCI field can also be specified for setting / indicating the frequency / time resources of the PDSCH on a per-operator basis.

[0172] The UE can also use the PDSCH resources corresponding to its own operator to receive system information based on this DCI field.

[0173] According to option 4-3, by using each operator's DCI field, it is possible to receive each operator's system information and perform the initial access operation appropriately.

[0174] <Supplement>

[0175] [Notification of information to the UE]

[0176] In the above embodiments, any information (notification from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE) (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be delivered using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0177] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) that is not specified in the existing standard in the MAC subheader.

[0178] When the above notification is made through DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0179] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0180] [Notification from UE]

[0181] The notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0182] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0183] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0184] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0185] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0186] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or communicated to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0187] The specific conditions mentioned above can also represent at least one of the following:

[0188] - Operation is performed in FR3. FR3 can also be all or part of the 7125-24250 MHz range.

[0189] - Operation is performed in FRx. FRx can also be all or part of a range higher than 71 GHz.

[0190] At least one of the above-described implementation methods may also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or support that specific UE capability.

[0191] This specific UE capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0192] - Supports specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments.

[0193] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that apply across all frequencies (frequency-independent and common), capabilities that apply to each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities that apply to each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities that apply to each subcarrier spacing (SCS) or capabilities that apply to each feature set (FS) or each feature set per component carrier (FSPC).

[0194] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that apply to all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that apply to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0195] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be defined as mandatory functions without accompanying UE capability signaling, or as mandatory functions accompanied by UE capability signaling. Additionally, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be defined as optional functions without accompanying UE capability signaling, or as optional functions accompanied by UE capability signaling.

[0196] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments can also be applied when the UE is configured / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above-described embodiments (or the operation of the above-described embodiments is implemented) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. This specific information can also represent at least one of the following:

[0197] - Information indicating the operation of activating / deactivating the above implementation method.

[0198] - RRC parameters for a specific version (e.g., Rel.18 / 19 / 20 / 21). These RRC parameters can also have names that append "r18" / "r19" / "r20" / "r21" to the name of an existing RRC parameter.

[0199] The UE may also apply Rel.15 / 16 / 17 / 18 / 19 operations if it does not support at least one of the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities or if the above-mentioned specific information is not set.

[0200] (Postscript)

[0201] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0202] [Appendix 1]

[0203] A terminal having:

[0204] The receiving unit receives synchronization signal blocks transmitted using time resources that vary by operator; and

[0205] The control unit performs initial access to its corresponding operator based on the synchronization signal block.

[0206] [Appendix 2]

[0207] The terminal described in Appendix 1,

[0208] The control unit uses the master information block to determine which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds to.

[0209] [Appendix 3]

[0210] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2,

[0211] The receiving unit receives a main information block containing information related to the operator's identifier.

[0212] [Appendix 4]

[0213] The terminal described in any of Notes 1 to 3,

[0214] The control unit receives control channels that use resources that vary by operator.

[0215] (Wireless communication system)

[0216] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0217] Figure 4This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to achieve communication.

[0218] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0219] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0220] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0221] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0222] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0223] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0224] In addition, in each CC, the user terminal 20 may also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0225] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic cable based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0226] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0227] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0228] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0229] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0230] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0231] In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channel can also be a shared downlink channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), or a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0232] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel can also be the shared uplink channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), the uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), the random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) shared by each user terminal 20, etc.

[0233] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0234] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0235] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0236] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0237] A search space can also correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates equivalent to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0238] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0239] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0240] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0241] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0242] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0243] (Base station)

[0244] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0245] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. A portion of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0246] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0247] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0248] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0249] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0250] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0252] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0253] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0254] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0255] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0256] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0257] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0258] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0259] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0260] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0261] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit synchronization signal blocks that are transmitted using time resources that vary for each operator. The control unit 110 can also use the synchronization signal blocks to indicate the initial access operation corresponding to each operator (first embodiment).

[0262] (User terminal)

[0263] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, more than one of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be included.

[0264] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0265] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0266] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0267] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0268] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0269] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0270] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0271] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0272] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0273] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0274] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the transform precoding settings. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform; otherwise, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel without performing DFT processing.

[0275] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0276] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0277] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0278] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0279] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0280] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0281] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive synchronization signal blocks that are transmitted using time resources that vary for each operator. The control unit 210 can also perform initial access to its corresponding operator based on the synchronization signal blocks (first embodiment).

[0282] The control unit 210 can also use the master information block to determine which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds to (second embodiment).

[0283] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive a main information block containing information related to the operator's identifier (third embodiment).

[0284] The control unit 210 can also receive control channels that use resources that vary for each operator (fourth embodiment).

[0285] (Hardware structure)

[0286] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0287] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of any of them is not particularly limited.

[0288] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0289] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0290] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0291] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0292] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0293] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0294] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0295] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0296] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0297] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0298] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0299] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0300] (Modified example)

[0301] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0302] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0303] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0304] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0305] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0306] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0307] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0308] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0309] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0310] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0311] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0312] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0313] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0314] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0315] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0316] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0317] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0318] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0319] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., in this disclosure can be rewritten as "BWP."

[0320] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0321] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0322] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0323] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0324] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0325] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0326] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0327] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0328] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0329] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0330] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0331] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0332] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0333] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0334] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0335] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0336] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0337] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0338] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0339] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0340] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0341] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0342] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0343] In this disclosure, the information sent by the base station to the terminal can also be rewritten with the control / operation instructed by the base station to the terminal based on that information.

[0344] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0345] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0346] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0347] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including situations where the body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, loading shovels, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trolleys, rickshaws, ships (including vessels and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0348] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0349] Figure 8 This figure illustrates an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a gear shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0350] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to perform directional control on at least one of the front wheel 46 and the rear wheel 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0351] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input into the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0352] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51, air pressure signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal 44 depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 56, shift lever 45 operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0353] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a vehicle navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0354] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0355] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) and Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via a communication module 60 and implements driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0356] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering control unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0357] The communication module 60 is controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information between external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0358] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the following to an external device: signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above that are input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0359] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic light information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 59 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received through the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0360] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. The microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 based on the information stored in the memory 62.

[0361] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0362] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0363] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0364] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0365] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from enhancements, modifications, creations, or specifications based on them. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0366] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0367] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0368] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0369] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0370] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain operations as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the operations described above.

[0371] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not...".

[0372] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s)..." (where "..." can also be expressed using a that clause, an infinitive to, etc.) can be interchanged with "be expected...". "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected...". Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0373] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0374] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0375] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0376] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0377] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0378] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0379] In this disclosure, terms such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, statements meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can be interchanged, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Additionally, in this disclosure, statements meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can also be interchanged as expressions accompanied by "i" (where i is any integer), not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees (e.g., "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0380] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0381] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be appropriately replaced with nouns, gerunds, or other suitable expressions depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0382] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0383] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The receiving unit receives synchronization signal blocks transmitted using time resources that vary by operator; and The control unit performs initial access to its corresponding operator based on the synchronization signal block.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit uses the master information block to determine which operator the received synchronization signal block corresponds to.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The receiving unit receives a main information block containing information related to the operator's identifier.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit receives control channels that use resources that vary by operator.

5. A wireless communication method, which is a wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The steps of receiving synchronization signal blocks transmitted using time resources that vary by operator; and Based on the synchronization signal block, the initial access to the corresponding operator is performed.

6. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits synchronization signal blocks using time resources that vary by operator; and The control unit uses the synchronization signal block to indicate the initial access operation corresponding to each operator.

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