Method for improving red soil and improving quality of jinyinhua white and intercropping under forest by phosphorus tailings

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for improving the quality and yield of intercropping honeysuckle and bletilla striata in red soil using phosphorus tailings. It relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology. The method involves setting different gradients of phosphorus tailings blending amounts, combined with the application of Bacillus subtilis inoculant and organic fertilizer, optimizing planting layout and field management measures, and systematically studying the effects of phosphorus tailings blending on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial community structure of red soil, as well as its mechanism of action on the agronomic traits, disease incidence, yield, quality, and heavy metal content of honeysuckle and bletilla striata. Experimental verification shows that within the phosphorus tailings blending amount range of 2000-3000 kg / hm², the red soil improvement effect is significant, increasing the yield of honeysuckle and bletilla striata by 30%-40% and reducing the disease incidence to 4%-6%. Simultaneously, it achieves the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings, balancing social, economic, and ecological benefits, providing a scientific basis for red soil improvement and efficient phosphorus tailings recovery, and is applicable to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, specifically to a method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica under forests by modifying red soil with phosphorus tailings. Background Technology

[0002] Honeysuckle, the dried flower buds or newly opened flowers of the honeysuckle plant (Lonicera japonica), belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family. It possesses properties of clearing heat and detoxifying, and dispersing wind-heat. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed its antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, immune-enhancing, and antioxidant effects, making it widely used in the pharmaceutical and health product fields. Bletilla striata, a perennial herb belonging to the Bletilla genus of the Orchidaceae family, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with astringent, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerating properties. Its extract can be used in medical materials, and its polysaccharide gum can be used as a food preservative. With the expansion of its applications, market demand continues to rise, leading to a significant price increase.

[0003] Yunnan Province, a major producer of Chinese medicinal herbs in my country, possesses abundant resources for cultivation. However, it also faces significant challenges, including heavy pressure from phosphate tailings solid waste accumulation, low utilization rates, a high proportion of red soil, poor soil quality, and low production efficiency. Phosphate tailings are mainly composed of calcium and magnesium carbonates, with dolomite content ranging from 82% to 88%, apatite content from 5% to 8%, and small amounts of quartz and calcite. Its pH value is neutral, indicating potential for improving acidic red soil. While there has been considerable research on the impact of phosphate tailings on soil improvement and crop yield, studies targeting honeysuckle and Bletilla striata (a type of orchid) by blending phosphate tailings into red soil to improve their yield and quality are scarce.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, this invention combines the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings with red soil improvement and the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, taking into account the local resource characteristics of Yunnan. Through systematic experiments, it explores the appropriate amount of phosphorus tailings to be mixed with and the supporting planting techniques, thereby achieving a balance of ecological, economic, and social benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving red soil with phosphorus tailings to enhance the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica under forest cover, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The specific steps for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in forest understory using phosphorus tailings to improve red soil are as follows: Treatment Design: Based on the growth requirements of honeysuckle and bletilla striata, and the original physicochemical properties of the red soil in the experimental area, five gradients of phosphate tailings blending were set up: 0 kg / hm² (control), 1000 kg / hm², 2000 kg / hm², 3000 kg / hm², and 6000 kg / hm². Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 15 experimental plots. Each plot had an area of ​​20 m², with isolation rows between plots to avoid mutual interference. The total experimental area was 300 m².

[0007] Plot Construction: Deep tillage was carried out in each experimental plot, with an excavation depth of 30-40 cm, removing weeds, stones, and other impurities. Before transplanting honeysuckle and Bletilla striata seedlings, pretreated phosphate tailings, Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and organic fertilizer were evenly spread on the plot surface, followed by rotary tillage to ensure thorough mixing of the materials with the soil. The Bacillus subtilis inoculant dosage was 300 kg / hm², the organic fertilizer dosage was 2000 kg / mu, and the phosphate tailings dosage strictly followed the design for each treatment group.

[0008] Seedling transplanting: Transplanting should be done in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the seedling dormancy period, when the seedling metabolism is slow and the survival rate is high. For honeysuckle seedlings, select robust seedlings free from pests and diseases, with uniform growth. In the prepared planting area, dig holes 150cm apart in rows and 120cm apart in plants, 20-25cm deep. Plant two robust seedlings in each hole, fill with soil, gently press down, and water thoroughly. For Bletilla striata seedlings, select plants with plump, undamaged tubers, and plant them at a spacing of 30cm x 40cm. After planting, cover with fine soil and compact it to ensure close contact between the roots and the soil.

[0009] Field management: Rodent control: Field mice will gnaw on the roots and stems of seedlings, affecting plant growth. Dig trenches around the community and bury wire mesh with a hole diameter of no more than 1.5cm, burying it 40cm deep underground and 1m above the ground to form a closed protective zone to prevent field mice from entering the community; for field mice that have already appeared in the community, use rodent traps or poison bait to kill them.

[0010] Ant control: Yellow ants bite plants, steal nutrients, and may spread diseases. Evenly spread quicklime around the community to form a barrier, using 5-7 kg of quicklime per acre. The alkalinity and corrosiveness of the quicklime will repel ants. Within the community, use poison bait. Mix insecticide with food that ants like, such as sugar and oil, to create poison bait. Place this bait near ant trails and nests. After feeding, the ants will carry the poison bait back to their nests, resulting in the complete eradication of the colony.

[0011] Fertilization and irrigation: Fertilization: One month after transplanting honeysuckle and Bletilla striata, the plants have recovered and established themselves. At this time, apply 100 kg / hm² of Bacillus subtilis inoculant to the ground under the canopy or around the roots. Water promptly after application to promote inoculant activation and improve the soil microbial environment. During the honeysuckle growing season, apply 100 g of ammonium sulfate and 150 g of superphosphate per plant, divided into two applications, one during the seedling stage and the other before flowering. After each harvest, apply urea at a rate of 15-20 kg / mu to supplement nutrients and increase flower yield. After transplanting Bletilla striata, apply 50 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15). During the tuber enlargement period, apply potassium fertilizer at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu to promote tuber growth and development.

[0012] Irrigation: Micro-sprinkler irrigation is used, which can distribute water evenly, prevent soil compaction, and save water resources. Irrigate in a timely manner according to soil moisture and plant growth needs, maintaining soil moisture content at 60%-70% and avoiding drought or waterlogging.

[0013] Phosphate tailings and organic fertilizer pretreatment Phosphate tailings pretreatment: Phosphate tailings from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, including reverse flotation, scrubbing, or flotation, are selected, crushed, and screened, and then sent to a filter press for filtration to obtain phosphate tailings filter cake or powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5, which is convenient for subsequent mixing with soil.

[0014] Organic fertilizer pretreatment: Mix one or more of the following: cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, crop straw, and municipal sludge in a certain proportion, adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1, and compost for 30-45 days. During this period, turn the compost regularly and add water to ensure full fermentation. The fermented organic fertilizer has a moisture content of 14%, an organic matter content of ≥48%, no odor, and no pathogens, meeting the fertilization standards for medicinal herb cultivation.

[0015] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows: This invention provides a method for improving red soil with phosphorus tailings to enhance the yield of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica under forest cover. It combines phosphorus tailings, a solid waste resource, with red soil improvement, effectively consuming the large amount of phosphorus tailings stockpiled in Yunnan Province with low utilization rate, reducing solid waste pollution. At the same time, by blending phosphorus tailings, it optimizes the physicochemical properties of red soil, adjusts soil pH, improves soil microbial community structure, enhances soil fertility and enzyme activity, and achieves the restoration and improvement of the red soil ecological environment, achieving an ecological win-win situation of "turning waste into treasure".

[0016] This invention provides a method for improving the quality and yield of intercropping honeysuckle and Bletilla striata in red soil using phosphorus tailings. By selecting a suitable phosphorus tailings mixing amount of 2000-3000 kg / hm², combined with Bacillus subtilis inoculant, organic fertilizer application, and scientific field management, the method significantly promotes the growth of honeysuckle, increasing plant height by 15-20 cm, stem diameter and branch number significantly, reducing the disease incidence rate from 12%-15% to 4%-6%, increasing yield by 30%-40% compared to the control, and increasing the content of effective ingredients. At the same time, it provides high-quality soil conditions for intercropping Bletilla striata, meets the market demand for Chinese medicinal materials, increases the economic benefits of growers, and promotes the large-scale development of the local Chinese medicinal materials industry.

[0017] This invention provides a method for improving red soil with phosphorus tailings to enhance the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica under forest cover. It also explores the relationship and response mechanism between phosphorus tailings mixing amount and soil and medicinal herb growth indicators, providing a scientific basis for red soil improvement and phosphorus tailings resource utilization, and enriching the medicinal herb cultivation technology system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a general flowchart illustrating the overall technical implementation of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the phosphorus tailings-based ecological restoration matrix soil according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the field planting and management process of honeysuckle-bletilla intercropping according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart for the effect evaluation and technical optimization of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments: Example 1:

[0020] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The reverse flotation phosphorus tailings from a phosphorus mine in Yunnan were measured to have a pH value of 7.5. After being filtered by a pressure filter, a phosphorus tailings filter cake with a moisture content of 15% was obtained. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source material: Cow manure and pig manure are mixed, and after composting and fermentation, organic fertilizer is formed as the organic matter source material, with a moisture content of 14% and an organic matter content of 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: Phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into red soil. S4: The mixed artificial phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration substrate soil was dumped and applied to a red soil area in Yunnan. A certain degree of artificial land preparation was carried out to make the substrate soil 30cm thick and evenly spread. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, regularly spray irrigation to keep the soil moist, and during the growth process of honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods mentioned above.

[0021] Example 2:

[0022] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The scrubbed phosphorus tailings from a phosphorus mine in Yunnan are extracted and fed into a filter press to be pressed into phosphorus tailings powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source material: Chicken manure, pig manure and crop straw are mixed, and after composting and fermentation, organic fertilizer is formed as organic matter source material with a moisture content of 14% and an organic matter content of 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: 1000 kg / hm² of phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into the red soil. S4: The prepared phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration matrix soil was applied to a red soil area in Yunnan Province with a thickness of 35cm, and the soil was leveled. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods described above.

[0023] Example 3:

[0024] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The flotation phosphorus tailings from a certain phosphorus mine in Yunnan are extracted and put into a filter press to be pressed into phosphorus tailings powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source materials: Livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and municipal sludge are mixed, and organic fertilizer is formed through composting and fermentation as organic matter source materials. Its moisture content is 14% and its organic matter content is 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: 2000 kg / hm² of phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into the red soil. S4: The prepared phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration matrix soil was applied to a red soil area in Yunnan Province with a thickness of 20cm, and the soil was leveled. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods described above.

[0025] Example 4:

[0026] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The flotation phosphorus tailings from a certain phosphorus mine in Yunnan are extracted and put into a filter press to be pressed into phosphorus tailings powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source materials: Livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and municipal sludge are mixed, and organic fertilizer is formed through composting and fermentation as organic matter source materials. Its moisture content is 14% and its organic matter content is 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: 2000 kg / hm² of phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into the red soil. S4: The prepared phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration matrix soil was applied to a red soil area in Yunnan Province with a thickness of 20cm, and the soil was leveled. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods described above.

[0027] Example 5:

[0028] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The flotation phosphorus tailings from a certain phosphorus mine in Yunnan are extracted and put into a filter press to be pressed into phosphorus tailings powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source materials: Livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and municipal sludge are mixed, and organic fertilizer is formed through composting and fermentation as organic matter source materials. Its moisture content is 14% and its organic matter content is 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: 3000 kg / hm² of phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into the red soil. S4: The prepared phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration matrix soil was applied to a red soil area in Yunnan Province with a thickness of 20cm, and the soil was leveled. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods described above.

[0029] Example 6:

[0030] S1: Pretreatment of phosphorus tailings: The flotation phosphorus tailings from a certain phosphorus mine in Yunnan are extracted and put into a filter press to be pressed into phosphorus tailings powder with a moisture content of 15% and a pH value of 7.5. S2: Pretreatment of organic matter source materials: Livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and municipal sludge are mixed, and organic fertilizer is formed through composting and fermentation as organic matter source materials. Its moisture content is 14% and its organic matter content is 48%. S3: Preparation of ecological restoration matrix soil based on phosphorus tailings: 6000 kg / hm² of phosphorus tailings powder is mixed into the red soil. S4: The prepared phosphorus tailings-based mine restoration matrix soil was applied to a red soil area in Yunnan Province with a thickness of 20cm, and the soil was leveled. S5: Transplant in early spring before the branches sprout or in late autumn / early winter during the honeysuckle's dormancy period. S6: After planting honeysuckle, carry out field management and fertilization according to the methods described above.

[0031] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method of planting honeysuckle by improving the red soil environment using phosphorus tailings can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of red soil, increase soil fertility, promote the growth of honeysuckle, and increase the yield and quality of honeysuckle. At the same time, it realizes the resource utilization of phosphorus tailings, and has significant ecological and economic benefits.

[0032] After a complete growth cycle, the data from each embodiment are organized and analyzed.

[0033] Regarding the agronomic traits of honeysuckle, plant height significantly increased under treatments involving 2000–3000 kg / hm² of phosphate tailings, averaging 15–20 cm taller than the untreated control. Stem diameter also increased, enhancing the plant's mechanical support and nutrient transport efficiency. The number of branches significantly increased under appropriate blending treatments, providing a stronger foundation for flowering and fruiting.

[0034] In terms of disease incidence, the incidence rate of honeysuckle in plots without phosphate tailings was about 12%-15%, while under the treatment with a mixing amount of 2000-3000 kg / hm², the incidence rate was significantly reduced to 4%-6%, mainly due to the improvement of the soil environment and the optimization of the soil microbial community structure, which enhanced the disease resistance of the plants.

[0035] Chart 2: Changes in agronomic traits and disease incidence of honeysuckle

[0036] In terms of yield and quality, the yield of honeysuckle treated with a blending rate of 2000-3000 kg / hm² increased by about 30%-40% compared with the untreated control.

[0037] Chart 3: Improvement in Quantity and Quality

[0038] Based on the analysis of the above indicators, a preliminary range of 2000-3000 kg / hm² is determined to be the most suitable range for the mixing of phosphate tailings in honeysuckle cultivation. Within this range, effective improvement of the red soil environment can be achieved, while significantly increasing the yield and quality of honeysuckle, thus balancing ecological and economic benefits. However, in practical applications, appropriate adjustments need to be made based on specific initial soil conditions, climate, and other factors to achieve the best results.

[0039] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in forests using phosphorus tailings to improve red soil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Treatment Design. Based on the living habits of honeysuckle and Bletilla striata and the original characteristics of the red soil in the experimental area, five treatment groups with phosphate tailings blending amounts were set up, namely 0 kg / hm², 1000 kg / hm², 2000 kg / hm², 3000 kg / hm², and 6000 kg / hm². Each treatment was repeated 3 times, for a total of 15 plots. Each plot had an area of ​​20 m², and the total experimental area was 300 m². Step 2: Community construction. Each community is excavated to a depth of 30-40cm. Before transplanting, the phosphorus tailings, Bacillus subtilis inoculant and organic fertilizer are evenly spread on the surface and rotary tilled. The amount of Bacillus subtilis inoculant is 300kg / hm², the amount of organic fertilizer is 2000kg / mu, and the amount of phosphorus tailings is implemented according to the corresponding treatment group. Step 3: Transplanting seedlings. In early spring before the branches sprout or during the dormant period in late autumn and early winter, select healthy, disease-free honeysuckle seedlings and Bletilla striata seedlings with uniform growth for intercropping. Dig holes for honeysuckle with a row spacing of 150cm and a plant spacing of 120cm, and plant 2 strong seedlings in each hole. Plant Bletilla striata with a plant spacing of 30cm×40cm. After planting, fill the soil with soil, press it down, and water it to settle the roots. Step 4: Field management. For field mice, bury wire mesh with a hole diameter of no more than 1.5cm around the perimeter of the area, at a depth of 40cm and 1m above the ground. Use baiting to kill the mice within the area. For yellow ants, spread quicklime around the perimeter to form a barrier, using 5-7 kg per acre. Use poison bait made by mixing insecticide with food that the ants like to eat within the area. Step 5: Fertilization and Irrigation. One month after transplanting honeysuckle and Bletilla striata, apply 100 kg / hm² of Bacillus subtilis inoculant around the base of the plants and water them after application. Irrigate using micro-sprinkler irrigation. Apply 100 g of ammonium sulfate and 150 g of superphosphate per honeysuckle plant, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre for Bletilla striata. Apply urea after each honeysuckle flower harvest and apply potassium fertilizer during the tuber enlargement period of Bletilla striata.

2. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in forests using phosphorus tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus tailings are one or more of the following from Yunnan: reverse flotation phosphorus tailings, scrubbed phosphorus tailings, or flotation phosphorus tailings. After pressure filtration pretreatment, the moisture content is 15% and the pH value is 7.

5.

3. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in red soil using phosphorus tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is made by composting and fermenting one or more of the following: cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, crop straw, and municipal sludge. It has a moisture content of 14% and an organic matter content of ≥48%.

4. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in red soil using phosphorus tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: When transplanting honeysuckle seedlings and Bletilla striata seedlings, the thickness of the ecological restoration substrate soil for phosphate tailings should be 20-35cm. After laying, the soil should be leveled to ensure good connection between the substrate soil and the original soil.

5. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in forests using phosphorus tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the field management, the bait for killing field mice is made by mixing corn, wheat and other grains with rodenticide at a mass ratio of 100:1, and the spacing between the poison bait placement points is 5-8m.

6. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in red soil using phosphorus tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fertilization process, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate are applied twice, once during the seedling stage and once before the flowering stage of honeysuckle, with each application amount being 50% of the total amount; the top dressing amount of urea is 15-20 kg per mu, and the top dressing amount of potassium fertilizer during the swelling stage of Bletilla striata is 10-15 kg per mu.

7. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in red soil using phosphorus tailings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suitable blending amount of phosphorus tailings is 2000-3000 kg / hm². Within this range, the pH value of red soil increases to 5.5-6.5, the soil bulk density decreases by 10%-15%, the yield of honeysuckle and Bletilla striata increases by 30%-40% compared with the control, and the disease incidence rate decreases to 4%-6%.

8. The method for improving the yield and quality of intercropping honeysuckle and angelica in forests using phosphorus tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-sprinkler irrigation frequency is once every 3-5 days, and the amount of water irrigated each time is enough to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70%. The irrigation time is chosen to be in the early morning or evening to avoid irrigation during the high temperature period, which may cause water to evaporate too quickly or plants to be scorched.

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