High-speed rail integrated power supply and operation comprehensive maintenance panoramic measuring instrument
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUNAN VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF RAILWAY TECH
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
Smart Images
Figure CN122232688A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed railway operation and maintenance technology, and in particular to a panoramic measuring instrument for integrated operation and maintenance of high-speed railways that combines power supply and engineering. Background Technology
[0002] To enhance railway transportation safety, the railway system is further deepening the integrated reform of high-speed railway maintenance and production, implementing integrated maintenance operations for basic equipment. The normal operation of high-speed railways relies on the coordinated work of multiple key systems, among which the good condition of the track maintenance system (such as tracks, bridges, tunnels, and other infrastructure) and the power supply system (such as the overhead contact line) is particularly important. However, currently, the following problems exist in the inspection of the track maintenance and power supply systems during high-speed railway operation and maintenance:
[0003] (i) The testing equipment is scattered and has limited functionality.
[0004] Existing equipment for high-speed railway track maintenance mainly focuses on specific functions such as track geometry measurement, ultrasonic testing of rails, and tunnel defect detection. For example, track inspection trolleys can measure parameters such as track gauge, elevation, and alignment, but cannot test power supply system related indicators. Meanwhile, power supply system testing equipment focuses on individual items such as the electrical performance and geometric condition of the overhead contact line. For instance, overhead contact line inspection vehicles mainly measure parameters such as contact wire height and pull-out value. There is a lack of comprehensive equipment that can simultaneously cover the multi-faceted testing needs of both track maintenance and power supply systems.
[0005] (ii) Lack of integrated and collaborative detection capabilities
[0006] The track maintenance system and the power supply system are spatially interconnected and mutually influential. In actual operation and maintenance, it is often necessary to conduct collaborative analysis to judge faults and assess the status of the two systems. However, most of the current testing equipment and working modes carry out testing work independently, and the test data is scattered, making it difficult to achieve real-time integrated collaborative analysis. This results in low efficiency and a high risk of misjudgment and omission when judging some comprehensive problems (such as abnormal current collection of the catenary caused by track irregularities, or the impact of catenary support foundation settlement on track stability). There is an urgent need to transform manual joint testing into integrated testing.
[0007] (III) Insufficient data integration and panoramic display
[0008] The data acquired by different testing devices are in various formats and lack an effective integration mechanism, making it impossible to present the overall status of the high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply systems intuitively and comprehensively. Maintenance personnel need to spend a lot of time and energy sorting and analyzing the data collected by each device, making it difficult to quickly grasp the overall health status of the equipment and potential safety hazards from a global perspective, which is not conducive to the timely formulation of scientific and reasonable maintenance and repair plans.
[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-speed rail comprehensive operation and maintenance measurement device that can integrate multiple detection functions, realize collaborative detection of power supply and operation, and perform data integration and panoramic display. Summary of the Invention
[0010] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an integrated panoramic measurement instrument for the comprehensive operation and maintenance of high-speed railways, encompassing both engineering and power supply systems. It aims to provide a comprehensive, efficient, and integrated operation and maintenance measurement solution for the engineering and power supply systems of high-speed railways, ensuring their safe and stable operation.
[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the present invention is a panoramic measuring instrument for integrated operation and maintenance of high-speed railways, comprising:
[0012] The system includes a multi-functional detection module, a data processing and control unit, a panoramic display and operation and maintenance decision support module, a power supply and communication module, and a mechanical load-bearing and mobility device.
[0013] Furthermore, the multi-functional detection module includes:
[0014] Engineering testing unit and power supply testing unit.
[0015] Furthermore, the engineering inspection unit includes:
[0016] Track geometry parameter measurement subunit: Equipped with high-precision laser rangefinders, tilt sensors, displacement sensors, etc., it can measure track geometry parameters such as gauge, elevation, alignment, and level in real time, with accuracy down to the millimeter level. The sensors are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the track and are securely connected to the main body of the measuring instrument through a mechanical structure, ensuring stable data acquisition even under conditions such as train operation or track vibration. The acquired data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit via an internal data bus.
[0017] The rail non-destructive testing subunit employs an ultrasonic probe, water tank, rotatable coupling liquid spray pipe structure, camera mechanism, and signal transceiver. Combining ultrasonic and machine vision technologies, it accurately detects internal rail damage using ultrasonic rail flaw detection technology, while simultaneously detecting surface damage using a machine vision image acquisition system. This combination of internal and surface testing significantly improves flaw detection efficiency. During flaw detection, the invention transmits A and B waveform images and abnormal surface images to the service center. The service center intelligently classifies the damage status as: no damage, or damage at stages one to four, and promptly handles it according to the damage level. By combining machine vision technology with traditional ultrasonic technology, it solves the technical problem that existing ultrasonic flaw detectors cannot detect rail surface damage and automatically determines the damage level, significantly reducing manual identification workload and improving operational efficiency.
[0018] The tunnel defect detection subunit utilizes high-definition cameras, 3D laser scanners, and ground-penetrating radar to detect surface defects (such as cracks and water leakage) in the tunnel lining, the integrity of its internal structure, and the surrounding geological conditions. High-definition cameras capture clear images of the tunnel lining, facilitating manual inspection and image recognition analysis. The 3D laser scanner acquires 3D point cloud data of the tunnel's interior, accurately measuring geometric parameters such as lining thickness and deformation. Ground-penetrating radar detects the internal structure of the surrounding soil and rock, identifying geological defects such as cavities and looseness. The collected data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit via wired or wireless communication.
[0019] Furthermore, the power supply detection unit includes:
[0020] The contact network geometric parameter measurement subunit is equipped with lidar, optical cameras, and image recognition processing systems. It acquires the three-dimensional spatial position information of various components of the contact network (such as contact wire, catenary wire, and support posts) through lidar scanning. Combined with high-definition images captured by the optical camera, the image recognition processing system analyzes and calculates geometric parameters such as contact wire height, pull-out value, and positioner slope. It monitors in real time whether the spatial shape of the contact network meets the standard requirements, and transmits the collected data to the data processing and control unit.
[0021] The overhead contact line electrical performance testing subunit includes equipment such as current transformers, voltage transformers, insulation resistance testers, and partial discharge detectors. It is used to measure electrical performance indicators of the overhead contact line, such as current, voltage, insulation resistance, and partial discharge conditions, to promptly detect potential electrical faults in the overhead contact line, such as insulation damage or abnormal partial discharge. The test data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit through the corresponding signal acquisition circuits.
[0022] Furthermore, the data processing and control unit includes:
[0023] Data Acquisition and Preprocessing: This function receives data from various subunits of the multi-functional detection module and preprocesses this multi-source, heterogeneous data, including data format standardization, noise reduction, and calibration. For example, it converts analog signals from different sensors into digital signals, filters out noise data caused by environmental interference, and standardizes and calibrates similar parameters across different measurement ranges, ensuring that all data is in a standardized state that can be uniformly analyzed and processed.
[0024] Data Fusion and Collaborative Analysis: Utilizing advanced data fusion algorithms, track maintenance and power supply monitoring data are deeply integrated based on timestamps, spatial locations, and physical correlations to construct a unified integrated track maintenance and power supply data model. For example, the catenary parameters at a specific track location are correlated and integrated with the track's geometric parameters at that location. Through the established collaborative analysis model, the mutual influence between the two is analyzed, enabling real-time assessment of the collaborative status of the track maintenance and power supply systems and determining whether there are potential problems where changes in the status of one system affect the normal operation of the other.
[0025] Control command generation and issuance: Based on the preset detection process, detection parameter thresholds and operation and maintenance requirements, control commands are generated for each detection subunit, such as controlling the sampling frequency of the sensor, adjusting the detection angle, starting and stopping the equipment, etc., to ensure that each detection subunit can carry out its work in an orderly and efficient manner as required, while coordinating the collaborative detection operations between different subunits.
[0026] Furthermore, the panoramic display and operation and maintenance decision support module includes:
[0027] Panoramic Display Interface: A visually appealing panoramic display interface has been developed, presenting the overall status of the high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply systems in a variety of formats, including 2D charts, 3D models, and images. The 2D charts display real-time curves of various detection parameters over time, facilitating observation of dynamic trends. By constructing 3D models of the high-speed rail lines and track maintenance / power supply facilities, detected fault points and abnormal parameter locations are marked on the model, using different colors and icons to distinguish different types of problems. This allows maintenance personnel to clearly see which areas pose safety hazards. Simultaneously, high-definition images and point cloud data are displayed as raw detection information, facilitating further examination of details.
[0028] Operation and Maintenance Decision Support: Based on the fusion analysis of detection data and pre-set operation and maintenance knowledge bases, expert experience rules, etc., the system provides targeted operation and maintenance decision suggestions for operation and maintenance personnel. For example, when continuous geometric dimensional deviations are detected in a certain section of the track and the corresponding catenary geometric parameters also show abnormal changes, the system will recommend appropriate maintenance solutions (such as maintenance time, maintenance methods, required tools and spare parts, etc.) based on the severity of the problem and possible causes of the fault. This assists operation and maintenance personnel in quickly and scientifically formulating operation and maintenance plans, improving the efficiency and quality of operation and maintenance work, reducing the workload of joint on-site retesting by power supply and track maintenance professionals, promoting collaboration between the two professions, jointly ensuring high-precision positioning and stability control of the track, and ensuring the stability of the pantograph and catenary system, thus ensuring the safe operation of trains.
[0029] Furthermore, the power supply and communication module includes:
[0030] Power supply unit: It adopts a power supply method that combines a built-in rechargeable lithium battery pack with an external power interface. The lithium battery pack has high capacity and long battery life, which can meet the testing needs of the measuring instrument for a certain period of time (such as more than 8 hours of continuous operation) without external power. At the same time, the external power interface can be connected to a stable power source such as AC power for charging and continuous power supply when conditions permit, ensuring the stable operation of the measuring instrument.
[0031] Communication Unit: Equipped with multiple communication interfaces, including a wired Ethernet interface, a wireless Wi-Fi module, and a 4G / 5G communication module, it enables data transmission and remote control between the measuring instrument and external devices (such as remote monitoring centers and mobile devices used by maintenance personnel). Maintenance personnel can remotely view the measuring instrument's real-time detection data and control its operating status via mobile devices. Simultaneously, the remote monitoring center can receive and store the detection data in real time for big data analysis and management.
[0032] Furthermore, the mechanical load-bearing and moving device includes:
[0033] Mechanical load-bearing structure: The robust and reasonable mechanical load-bearing structure is designed to securely install the multi-functional detection module, data processing and control unit, power supply and communication module, etc., to ensure that the relative positions of each component remain stable under the complex operating environment of high-speed rail (such as vibration caused by high speed and different climatic conditions), and that the detection accuracy will not decrease or the equipment will be damaged due to external forces.
[0034] Mobile device: Equipped with a mobile wheel set suitable for running on high-speed rail tracks. The wheel set has good guidance, stability and adaptability, and can move smoothly along the track. It can achieve automatic movement, speed adjustment and precise positioning control through electric drive system, which facilitates the measuring instrument to carry out comprehensive and continuous inspection of high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply systems according to the preset inspection route.
[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0036] 1. Achieve integrated comprehensive testing
[0037] Integrating multiple testing functions of engineering and power supply systems, a single device can complete the testing of multiple parameters of key facilities such as high-speed rail tracks, bridges, tunnels, and overhead contact lines. This avoids the cumbersome operation and resource waste caused by using multiple single-function testing devices, greatly improves testing efficiency, and realizes true integrated testing of engineering and power supply systems.
[0038] 2. Enhance collaborative analysis capabilities
[0039] By deeply integrating and collaboratively analyzing track maintenance and power supply monitoring data through data processing and control units, potential problems arising from the mutual influence of track maintenance and power supply systems can be detected in a timely manner. This changes the previous situation where the two systems were monitored independently and lacked collaboration, improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of fault diagnosis, and helps to prevent and resolve potential hazards affecting the safe operation of high-speed railways from the root.
[0040] 3. Facilitates panoramic data display and operation and maintenance decision-making.
[0041] The panoramic display and operation and maintenance decision support module presents the detection data and overall system status in an intuitive and visual way, enabling operation and maintenance personnel to quickly and comprehensively understand the health status of high-speed rail engineering and power supply facilities. Combined with the operation and maintenance decision suggestions provided by the system, operation and maintenance plans can be formulated more scientifically and rationally, resource allocation can be optimized, maintenance can be reduced blindly, and the quality and efficiency of the entire high-speed rail operation and maintenance work can be improved.
[0042] 4. Adapting to the complex environment and high-efficiency testing requirements of high-speed rail
[0043] Equipped with a robust mechanical load-bearing structure and a stable moving device, it can operate smoothly on high-speed rail tracks, adapt to complex environmental conditions such as high speed, vibration, and different climates, and can automatically travel along a preset route to conduct continuous inspections. This meets the requirements of efficient and comprehensive operation and maintenance of high-speed rail, ensures the stability and continuity of inspection work, and provides strong support for the safe and stable operation of high-speed rail. Attached Figure Description
[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a prior embodiment of the integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measurement instrument for high-speed rail comprehensive operation and maintenance of the present invention.
[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail.
[0046] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0047] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0048] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0049] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention / invention, according to Figure 2 The XYZ Cartesian coordinate system established in the figure is defined as follows: the side located in the positive direction of the X-axis is defined as left, and the side located in the negative direction of the X-axis is defined as right; the side located in the positive direction of the Y-axis is defined as front, and the side located in the negative direction of the Y-axis is defined as rear; the side located in the positive direction of the Z-axis is defined as above, and the side located in the negative direction of the Z-axis is defined as below. It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the coordinate system shown in the figure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0050] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0051] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0052] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A panoramic measuring instrument integrating power supply and maintenance of high-speed railways is provided, comprising:
[0053] The multi-functional inspection module includes: a civil engineering inspection unit.
[0054] Track geometry parameter measurement subunit: Eight high-precision laser distance sensors are installed at longitudinal intervals along the track at the bottom of the measuring instrument, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1mm, for measuring track gauge; four tilt sensors are installed at different parts of the measuring instrument to accurately measure the track's elevation and level, with an angle measurement resolution of 0.01°; two displacement sensors are also installed to monitor longitudinal displacement changes of the track in real time. These sensors are connected to the data processing and control unit via an RS485 bus, acquiring and transmitting data at a sampling frequency of 10 times per second.
[0055] The rail non-destructive testing subunit: Simultaneous dual-rail inspection for high efficiency; nine probes per rail; intelligent damage identification; 2.8mm acquisition accuracy; utilizes ultrasonic rail flaw detection technology to accurately detect internal rail damage; combined with a machine vision image acquisition system to accurately detect surface rail damage. Its structure includes a GPS locator, a flaw detection mechanism, a front frame, and a signal transceiver. The GPS locator is installed on top of the signal transceiver, and the front frame is fixed to the front end of the flaw detection mechanism. The top of the flaw detection mechanism is connected to the bottom of the signal transceiver. The flaw detection mechanism includes a flaw detector panel, moving wheels, and a camera mechanism. The top of the flaw detector panel is connected to the bottom of the signal transceiver, the moving wheels are engaged with the sides of the flaw detector panel, and the camera mechanism is installed at the bottom of the flaw detector panel.
[0056] The tunnel defect detection subunit consists of a 12-megapixel high-definition camera mounted at the front of the measuring instrument, equipped with autofocus and image stabilization to capture clear images of the tunnel lining surface. A 3D laser scanner with a scanning angle range of 360°×270° and a measurement accuracy within ±2mm is mounted on the top to acquire 3D point cloud data of the tunnel interior. A ground-penetrating radar with a detection depth of up to 5m and a resolution of 5cm is also installed on the side of the measuring instrument to detect the internal structure of the surrounding soil and rock mass. Data collected by these devices is transmitted to the data processing and control unit via an Ethernet interface.
[0057] Power supply detection unit:
[0058] The contact wire geometric parameter measurement subunit consists of a lidar unit mounted on top of the measuring instrument, with a scanning frequency of 20Hz and an angular resolution of 0.1°, capable of quickly acquiring the three-dimensional spatial position information of various components of the contact wire. Two high-definition optical cameras, each with 8 megapixels, are mounted on the side to capture images of the contact wire from different angles. Combined with an image recognition processing system based on deep learning algorithms, this system can accurately analyze and calculate geometric parameters such as contact wire height and pull-out value, with an error controlled within ±5mm. Data collected by the lidar and optical cameras is transmitted to the data processing and control unit via a USB interface.
[0059] The overhead contact line electrical performance testing subunit includes two current transformers and two voltage transformers installed in appropriate locations within the measuring instrument. These transformers have measurement ranges of 0-1000A and 0-30kV respectively, with an accuracy of 0.5 class, and are used for real-time measurement of the current and voltage of the overhead contact line. It is also equipped with one insulation resistance tester and one partial discharge detector. The insulation resistance measurement range is 0-1000GΩ, and the partial discharge detection sensitivity is 1pC, effectively detecting the insulation resistance and partial discharge status of the overhead contact line. These electrical performance testing devices convert the detection signals into digital signals through an analog signal acquisition circuit and then transmit them to the data processing and control unit.
[0060] (II) Implementation Example of Data Processing and Control Unit
[0061] Data Acquisition and Preprocessing: After the measuring instrument starts working, the sensors in each detection subunit acquire data and transmit it to the data processing and control unit. Taking the laser ranging sensor data from the track geometry parameter measurement subunit as an example, the analog signal is first converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter. Then, data filtering is performed, using a mean filtering algorithm to remove noise interference caused by track vibration and other factors. Next, the track gauge data acquired by different laser ranging sensors are calibrated to unify them to a standard measurement scale, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the data. For other types of data, such as strain and temperature data from the bridge structural health monitoring subunit and electrical performance data from the power supply detection unit, they are also processed according to the corresponding preprocessing methods to ensure that all data are in a standardized and analyzable state.
[0062] Data Fusion and Collaborative Analysis: After data preprocessing, a spatiotemporal registration algorithm is used to align the track maintenance and power supply monitoring data spatiotemporally based on the installation location and acquisition timestamp of each sensor. For example, the geometric parameters of the overhead contact system at a specific track mileage location are correlated and matched with the track geometric parameters at that location to construct a unified integrated track maintenance and power supply data structure. Then, based on the established correlation analysis model, the influence of track elevation changes on the overhead contact system pull-out value is analyzed. Collaborative analysis is performed using algorithms such as multiple regression analysis and neural networks to determine in real time whether there are potential problems such as abnormal current collection in the overhead contact system due to changes in track conditions. If anomalies are found, the abnormal data is marked and further analysis is performed.
[0063] Control command generation and issuance: Based on the preset detection process and parameter thresholds, the data processing and control unit generates control commands and issues them to each detection subunit. For example, when the measuring instrument reaches a specific detection range, the control command will require the track geometry parameter measurement subunit to increase the sampling frequency, and simultaneously require the contact wire geometry parameter measurement subunit to adjust the shooting angle of the optical camera to obtain clearer and more accurate contact wire image data. Furthermore, it can control the charging mode of the power supply unit according to the battery level, and send equipment status information to the remote monitoring center via the communication unit, ensuring that all parts of the measuring instrument work in a coordinated and orderly manner.
[0064] (III) Implementation Example of Panoramic Display and Operation and Maintenance Decision Support Module
[0065] Panoramic Display Interface: The system displays a panoramic view of the high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply system status information on the measuring instrument's built-in screen and the remote monitoring center's display terminal. In a two-dimensional chart, time is used as the horizontal axis to plot curves showing changes in key parameters such as track elevation and catenary current. Maintenance personnel can visually observe parameter fluctuations and whether they exceed normal threshold ranges. By constructing a 3D model of the high-speed rail line and its track maintenance and power supply facilities, when a geometric deviation is detected in a certain section of the track, it is marked in red at the corresponding track location in the 3D model. Simultaneously, if the corresponding catenary in that area also exhibits anomalies, such as a non-standard contact wire height, a yellow warning icon is displayed at the corresponding location on the catenary, and a detailed parameter anomaly information box pops up, showing the specific deviation values. Furthermore, maintenance personnel can click to view raw data such as tunnel lining images captured by high-definition cameras and tunnel point cloud data acquired by a 3D laser scanner to further understand the detailed conditions.
[0066] Operation and maintenance decision support: If the geometric dimensions of a certain line segment are detected to be continuously increasing and the corresponding catenary pull-out value fluctuates significantly, the system will analyze and judge that the catenary may be affected by line defects based on the preset operation and maintenance knowledge base and expert experience rules.
[0067] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A panoramic measuring instrument for integrated operation and maintenance of high-speed railways, characterized in that, include: The system includes a multi-functional detection module, a data processing and control unit, a panoramic display and operation and maintenance decision support module, a power supply and communication module, and a mechanical load-bearing and mobility device.
2. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-functional detection module includes: Engineering testing unit and power supply testing unit.
3. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The track inspection unit includes: Track geometry parameter measurement subunit: Equipped with high-precision laser rangefinder, tilt sensor, displacement sensor, etc., it can measure track geometry parameters such as gauge, elevation, alignment, and level in real time, with accuracy to the millimeter level. The sensors are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the track and are firmly connected to the main body of the measuring instrument through a mechanical structure, ensuring stable data acquisition even when the train is running or the track is vibrating. The acquired data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit through the internal data bus. The rail non-destructive testing subunit employs an ultrasonic probe, water tank, rotatable coupling liquid spray pipe structure, camera mechanism, and signal transceiver. Combining ultrasonic and machine vision technologies, it accurately detects internal rail damage using ultrasonic rail flaw detection technology, while simultaneously detecting surface damage using a machine vision image acquisition system. This combination of internal and surface testing significantly improves flaw detection efficiency. During flaw detection, the invention transmits A and B waveform images and abnormal surface images to the service center. The service center intelligently classifies the damage status as: no damage, or damage at stages one to four, and promptly handles it according to the damage level. By combining machine vision technology with traditional ultrasonic technology, it solves the technical problem that existing ultrasonic flaw detectors cannot detect rail surface damage and automatically determines the damage level, significantly reducing manual identification workload and improving operational efficiency. Tunnel Defect Detection Subunit: Utilizing equipment such as high-definition cameras, 3D laser scanners, and ground-penetrating radar, this subunit detects surface defects, internal structural integrity, and surrounding geological conditions of the tunnel lining. High-definition cameras capture clear images of the tunnel lining, facilitating manual inspection and image recognition analysis. 3D laser scanners acquire 3D point cloud data of the tunnel interior, accurately measuring geometric parameters such as lining thickness and deformation. Ground-penetrating radar detects the internal structure of the surrounding rock and soil, identifying geological defects such as cavities and looseness. The collected data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit via wired or wireless communication.
4. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply detection unit includes: The contact wire geometric parameter measurement subunit is equipped with lidar, optical camera, image recognition and processing system, etc. It obtains the three-dimensional spatial position information of each component of the contact wire by scanning with lidar, and combines the high-definition images captured by the optical camera with the image recognition and processing system to analyze and calculate geometric parameters such as contact wire height, pull-out value, and positioner slope. It monitors in real time whether the spatial shape of the contact wire meets the standard requirements, and transmits the collected data to the data processing and control unit. The overhead contact line electrical performance testing subunit includes equipment such as current transformers, voltage transformers, insulation resistance testers, and partial discharge detectors. It is used to measure electrical performance indicators of the overhead contact line, such as current, voltage, insulation resistance, and partial discharge conditions, to promptly detect potential electrical faults in the overhead contact line, such as insulation damage or abnormal partial discharge. The test data is transmitted to the data processing and control unit through the corresponding signal acquisition circuits.
5. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing and control unit includes: Data acquisition and preprocessing: Responsible for receiving data from various sub-units of the multi-functional detection module, and preprocessing this multi-source and heterogeneous data, including data format unification, noise reduction, calibration and other operations; Data fusion and collaborative analysis: Using advanced data fusion algorithms, engineering inspection data and power supply inspection data are deeply integrated according to timestamps, spatial locations, and physical correlations to construct a unified integrated engineering and power supply data model; Control command generation and issuance: Based on the preset detection process, detection parameter thresholds and operation and maintenance requirements, control commands are generated for each detection subunit, such as controlling the sampling frequency of the sensor, adjusting the detection angle, starting and stopping the equipment, etc., to ensure that each detection subunit can carry out its work in an orderly and efficient manner as required, while coordinating the collaborative detection operations between different subunits.
6. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The panoramic view and operation and maintenance decision support module includes: Panoramic Display Interface: A visual panoramic display interface has been developed to intuitively present the overall status of the high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply system in various forms such as 2D charts, 3D models, and images. In the 2D charts, the curves of various detection parameters changing over time are displayed in real time, making it easy to observe the dynamic trends of the parameters. By constructing a 3D model of the high-speed rail line and track maintenance and power supply facilities, the detected fault points and abnormal parameter locations are marked on the model, and different types of problems are distinguished by different colors and icons, so that maintenance personnel can clearly see which areas have potential safety hazards from an overall perspective. At the same time, high-definition images, point cloud data and other raw detection data are displayed to facilitate further review of details. Operation and maintenance decision support: Based on the integrated analysis of the detection data, as well as the preset operation and maintenance knowledge base, expert experience rules, etc., it provides targeted operation and maintenance decision suggestions for operation and maintenance personnel.
7. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply and communication module includes: Power supply unit: It adopts a power supply method that combines a built-in rechargeable lithium battery pack with an external power interface. The lithium battery pack has high capacity and long battery life, which can meet the detection needs of the measuring instrument to be disconnected from the external power supply for a certain period of time. At the same time, the external power interface can be connected to a stable power source such as AC power for charging and continuous power supply when conditions permit, ensuring the stable operation of the measuring instrument. Communication Unit: Equipped with multiple communication interfaces, including wired Ethernet interface, wireless Wi-Fi module, 4G / 5G communication module, etc., to realize data transmission and remote control between the measuring instrument and external devices. Maintenance personnel can remotely view the real-time detection data of the measuring instrument and control the working status of the measuring instrument through mobile devices. At the same time, the remote monitoring center can also receive and store the detection data in real time for big data analysis and management.
8. The integrated power supply and maintenance panoramic measuring instrument for high-speed rail as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Mechanical load-bearing and moving devices include: Mechanical load-bearing structure: The robust and reasonable mechanical load-bearing structure is designed to securely install the multi-functional detection module, data processing and control unit, power supply and communication module, etc., to ensure that the relative positions of each component are stable in the complex operating environment of high-speed rail, and that the detection accuracy will not decrease or the equipment will be damaged due to external forces. Mobile device: Equipped with a mobile wheel set suitable for running on high-speed rail tracks. The wheel set has good guidance, stability and adaptability, and can move smoothly along the track. It can achieve automatic movement, speed adjustment and precise positioning control through electric drive system, which facilitates the measuring instrument to carry out comprehensive and continuous inspection of high-speed rail track maintenance and power supply systems according to the preset inspection route.