A single hole thoracoscope simulation operating device

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of medical teaching simulation equipment technology, specifically relating to a single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device, including an upper shell and a lower shell. The lower shell houses a rib model and a lung model. The device further includes: a training module mounted on the lung model, with simulated blood vessels on the module; two connecting components, respectively located at both ends of the lung model; an infusion component mounted on the lower shell, comprising a water tank and an infusion section and a return section connected to the water tank, with a pressure application section on the infusion section and an adjustment section on the return section; and a testing component located at the bottom of the lower shell for detecting the tension exerted on the simulated blood vessels during operation. This invention can simulate dynamic bleeding feedback, quantify traction force, and verify ligation effects, improving the realism of single-port thoracoscopic training.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical teaching simulation equipment technology, specifically relating to a single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device. Background Technology

[0002] Single-port thoracoscopic surgery is rapidly gaining popularity in thoracic surgery due to its advantages such as less trauma and less postoperative pain. However, the learning curve for single-port techniques is steep, placing higher demands on the surgeon's hand-eye coordination, instrument conflict resolution, and precise anatomical skills. Currently, most single-port thoracoscopic simulation devices are fixed-structure training boxes. For example, a single-port thoracoscopic simulation device is described in Chinese patent application number CN202211091702.6. This device can adjust the height and angle of the first thoracic cavity model, thereby helping the simulation operator find the most comfortable angle, shortening the training cycle, and realistically simulating the internal structure of the human thoracic cavity, increasing the realism of the simulation training and making it easy to use.

[0003] While the aforementioned types of simulation devices can provide a basic feel for operating machinery, they still have some shortcomings in actual use: 1. When trainees perform vascular transection, even if the simulated blood vessel is cut, there is no feedback (such as blood flowing out), which makes it impossible for trainees to experience the urgency of sudden massive bleeding during the operation and to train their hemostasis emergency response.

[0004] Second, in real surgery, blood vessels are surrounded by loose connective tissue, requiring delicate manipulation during dissection. Existing models often depict blood vessels as exposed or simply embedded in homogeneous silicone, failing to simulate the actual anatomical layers and dissection resistance.

[0005] Third, after students practice tying knots or clamping, they cannot verify whether the knots are tight because there is no pressure system inside the model to test for "leakage". Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-port thoracoscopic simulation device that can simulate dynamic bleeding feedback, quantify traction force, and verify ligation effect, thereby improving the realism of single-port thoracoscopic training.

[0007] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A single-port thoracoscopic simulation device includes an upper shell and a lower shell, wherein a rib model and a lung model are disposed within the lower shell, and further includes: A training module is mounted on the lung model and has simulated blood vessels on it. Two connecting components are respectively disposed at both ends of the lung model and connected to both ends of the simulated blood vessel; An infusion assembly is disposed on a lower housing. The infusion assembly includes a water tank and an infusion section and a return section communicating with the water tank. The infusion section and the return section are respectively connected to two connecting components to form a fluid circulation loop flowing through the simulated blood vessel. The infusion section is provided with a pressure application section, and the return section is provided with an adjustment section. A testing component, located at the bottom of the lower housing, is used to detect the tensile force experienced by the simulated blood vessel during operation; During use, the liquid is delivered through the infusion unit, then flows sequentially through the connecting component on the left, the simulated blood vessel, and the connecting component on the right, and finally enters the water tank along the return section. When the simulated blood vessel is ruptured: some liquid flows out along the rupture, and the remaining liquid flows back into the tank along the return section; when the simulated blood vessel is completely broken, the liquid flows out completely along the break, and no liquid flows back through the return section. After ligating the blood vessel: close the infusion unit and apply a certain amount of hydraulic pressure through the pressure application unit. If the ligation is not secure, the liquid will spray out and the pressure at the pressure application unit will drop.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the upper housing is provided with multiple simulated cuts, and rubber plugs are embedded in the simulated cuts. Two pressure rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the upper housing.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, two support blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the lower housing.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom surface of the training module is fixedly connected to an iron plate, the top surface of the lung model is provided with a receiving groove, and a magnetic block is fixedly embedded in the receiving groove. The receiving groove is provided with a positioning hole, and the bottom surface of the iron plate is connected to a positioning rod that matches the positioning hole.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting assembly includes a fixed tube fixedly connected to the end of a lung model. The end of the lung model has a movable groove. A first pipe is inserted into one end of the movable groove. A slider is fixedly fitted onto one end of the first pipe and slidably connected within the movable groove. A second pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the first pipe, and the other end of the second pipe is connected to the fixed tube. A compression spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the movable groove. A guide groove is provided at the lower end of the movable groove. A lever is slidably connected within the guide groove, and the upper end of the lever is fixedly connected to the slider.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the infusion unit includes a water pump, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank and has its pumping end extending into the interior of the water tank. The pump's draining end is fixedly connected to a drain pipe, and the other end of the drain pipe is connected to two branch pipes that extend into the interior of the lower housing. A first valve is provided on each branch pipe.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the reflux section includes a water outlet pipe, which is fixedly embedded in the lower housing. A reflux pipe is piston-type inserted into the water outlet pipe, and the other end of the reflux pipe is connected to the water tank. A second valve is provided on the water outlet pipe, and a spring is fixedly connected between the reflux pipe and the water outlet pipe.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the pressure-applying part includes a hollow cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the diverter pipe. A piston rod is piston-type inserted into one end of the hollow cylinder. A piston plate is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod, and a positioning block is connected to the other end. A return spring is fixedly connected between the piston plate and the hollow cylinder. A positioning frame is fixedly connected to the side of the lower housing, and a locking pin is inserted between the positioning frame and the positioning block.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the regulating part includes a drain pipe, which is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe. The lower end of the outlet pipe is connected to a liquid storage cylinder, and a sealing plug is provided at the drain hole at the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder. A guide block is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe by a bracket. A through groove is opened on the return pipe, and a ring is fixedly connected to the return pipe.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the test assembly includes a support plate fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the lower housing. A resistor block and a conductive post are mounted on the support plate. A metal sliding head is slidably connected to the conductive post, and the lower end of the metal sliding head slides along the surface of the resistor block. A battery and a light bulb are also fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the lower housing.

[0017] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a closed-loop fluid circulation circuit through an infusion assembly, combined with an adjustment unit and a visual feedback mechanism, to achieve dynamic simulation of bleeding scenarios: when a simulated blood vessel partially ruptures, the fluid level in the reservoir gradually rises and the flow rate in the return tube decreases, visually representing the bleeding state; when the blood vessel is completely severed, there is no fluid flow in the return tube, and combined with the visual effect of fluid gushing out of the cavity, it recreates the emergency situation of massive bleeding. Trainees are required to quickly take actions such as hemostasis and suction in simulated critical situations, effectively training their psychological stress resistance and emergency response capabilities, significantly improving their ability to cope with sudden situations in real surgery, and making up for the training shortcomings of traditional devices; The training module of this invention uses a lung-like soft material, in which pre-embedded simulated blood vessels are encased. Trainees must first separate and destroy the biomimetic tissue before they can release the simulated blood vessels, realistically replicating the anatomical process within the confined space of surgery. Simultaneously, the testing component provides real-time feedback on the pulling force applied to the blood vessels through changes in bulb brightness, helping trainees control their manipulation and avoid excessive force. This enhances trainees' perception of anatomical layers and strengthens their operational skills, effectively solving the core problem of insufficient simulation of the difficulty of blood vessel release. The pressure-applying part of this invention can instantly release a pulse of hydraulic pressure simulating arterial blood pressure using spring potential energy after ligation. If the ligation is not secure, the sudden drop in pressure in the closed circuit causes significant displacement of the piston rod, directly exposing operational defects; if the ligation is tight, the pressure is stable. This design transforms the difficult-to-observe risk of "leakage" after surgery into a clear mechanical displacement signal, allowing trainees to immediately verify the reliability of knotting or clamping, thereby cultivating rigorous surgical habits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper housing of the present invention after disassembly; Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A bottom view; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the test component and the lower housing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rib model and lung model of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a disassembly diagram of the lung model and training module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the lung module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B shown in the image; Figure 9 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the infusion assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hollow cylinder of the present invention; Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A shown in the image; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the water outlet pipe of the present invention; Figure 13 This is the present invention. Figure 12 An enlarged schematic diagram of section C shown in the image; Figure 14 This is a bottom view of the upper housing of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test component of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Upper shell; 11. Pressure rod; 12. Simulated incision; 13. Rubber stopper; 2. Lower shell; 21. Rib model; 22. Lung model; 23. Support block; 3. Training module; 4. Connection assembly; 5. Infusion assembly; 6. Testing assembly; 31. Simulated blood vessel; 32. Iron plate; 33. Receiving tank; 41. Fixed tube; 42. Movable groove; 43. First pipe; 44. Slider; 45. Second pipe; 46. Compression spring; 47. Guide groove; 48. Lever; 51. Water tank; 52. Infusion unit; 53. Return unit; 54. Pressurization unit; 55. Adjustment unit; 521. Water pump; 522. Drain pipe; 523. Diversion pipe; 524. First valve; 531. Outlet pipe; 532. Return pipe; 533. Second valve; 534. Spring; 541. Hollow cylinder; 542. Piston rod; 543. Piston plate; 544. Return spring; 545. Positioning block; 546. Positioning bracket; 547. Locking pin; 551. Drainage tube; 552. Liquid storage cylinder; 553. Guide block; 554. Through groove; 555. Circular ring; 61. Support plate; 62. Resistor block; 63. Conductive column; 64. Metal sliding head; 65. Storage battery; 66. Light bulb. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that mutually excludes other embodiments.

[0023] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a single-port thoracoscopic simulation device, including an upper shell 1 and a lower shell 2. The lower shell 2 contains a rib model 21 and a lung model 22. It also includes: Training module 3 is set on lung model 22, and simulated blood vessels 31 are set on training module 3; Two connecting components 4 are respectively disposed at both ends of the lung model 22 and connected to both ends of the simulated blood vessel 31; The infusion assembly 5 is mounted on the lower housing 2. The infusion assembly 5 includes a water tank 51 and an infusion section 52 and a return section 53 that are connected to the water tank 51. The infusion section 52 and the return section 53 are respectively connected to two connecting components 4 to form a liquid circulation loop that flows through the simulated blood vessel 31. The infusion section 52 is provided with a pressure application section 54, and the return section 53 is provided with an adjustment section 55. Test component 6, which is located at the bottom of the lower housing 2, is used to detect the tensile force on the simulated blood vessel 31 during operation; In use, the liquid is delivered through the infusion unit 52, and then flows sequentially through the left connecting component 4, the simulated blood vessel 31, and the right connecting component 4, and finally enters the water tank 51 along the return section 53. When the simulated blood vessel 31 is ruptured: some liquid flows out along the rupture, and the remaining liquid flows back into the water tank 51 along the return section 53; when the simulated blood vessel 31 is completely broken, the liquid flows out completely along the break, and no liquid flows back through the return section 53. After ligating the blood vessel: close the infusion section 52, apply a certain amount of hydraulic pressure through the pressure application section 54. If the ligation is not secure, the liquid will spray out and the pressure at the pressure application section 54 will decrease.

[0025] In this embodiment, the device consists of an upper shell 1 and a lower shell 2, which together form a closed thoracic cavity simulation environment. A rib model 21 and a lung model 22 are fixed inside the lower shell 2 to simulate the surgical field and organs; a training module 3 is detachably mounted on the lung model 22. The training module 3 has a simulated blood vessel 31 to be trained, with its two ends connected to two connecting components 4 respectively.

[0026] The infusion assembly 5 is the core of the device's circulation system, comprising a water tank 51, an infusion unit 52, and a return unit 53. The working principle begins with activating the infusion unit 52 to pump fluid from the water tank 51. The fluid first enters the left-side connecting assembly 4, which guides the fluid to one end of the simulated blood vessel 31. After flowing through the simulated blood vessel 31, the fluid enters the right-side connecting assembly 4 from the other end, and finally returns to the water tank 51 via the return unit 53, thus forming a complete closed-loop fluid circulation circuit. This circuit is the fluid basis for all subsequent simulation functions (bleeding, ligation tests).

[0027] Secondly, please refer to it again. Figure 1 , Figure 12 and Figure 14 The upper shell 1 is provided with multiple simulated cuts 12, and rubber plugs 13 are embedded in the simulated cuts 12. Two pressure rods 11 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the upper shell 1, and two support blocks 23 are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the lower shell 2.

[0028] In this embodiment, several simulated incisions 12 are provided to simulate surgical incisions at different locations for the insertion of thoracoscopic instruments. During installation, the two ends of the rib model 21 are placed in the grooves on the support block 23, and then the upper shell 1 is placed on top of the lower shell 2 and secured with bolts. After securing, the pressure rod 11 presses firmly onto the rib model 21 to ensure the stability of the rib model 21 and the lung model 22 during use. The lung model 22 and the rib model 21 are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0029] Secondly, please refer to the following as well. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The bottom surface of the training module 3 is fixedly connected to an iron plate 32. The top surface of the lung model 22 is provided with a receiving groove 33, and a magnetic block is fixedly embedded in the receiving groove 33. A positioning hole is provided in the receiving groove 33, and a positioning rod that matches the positioning hole is connected to the bottom surface of the iron plate 32.

[0030] In this embodiment, the training module 3 is fixed by magnetic attraction between the bottom iron plate 32 and the magnetic block in the top receiving groove 33 of the lung model 22, and is positioned by the positioning rod engaging with the positioning hole. This allows for quick replacement of training modules 3 with different difficulty levels and different vascular layouts.

[0031] It should be noted that training module 3 is made of a soft material that mimics lung tissue (such as silicone, hydrogel, or polymer foam, etc., which is not limited here), possessing good elasticity and cutability, and capable of simulating the texture and freeing resistance of human tissue. Simulated blood vessels 31 are pre-embedded inside training module 3 and encased in biomimetic tissue. The trainee inserts thoracoscopic surgical instruments (such as grasping forceps, dissecting forceps, electrocautery hooks, etc.) through the selected simulated incision 12. After the instruments enter the simulated thoracic cavity, the simulated lung tissue of training module 3 must first be separated and destroyed. The goal is to free the pre-embedded simulated blood vessels 31 from the surrounding simulated tissue. This process directly simulates the steps of dissection in a confined space during single-port thoracoscopic surgery, solving the problem of "high difficulty in vascular freeing and insufficient simulation" mentioned in the background technology, and providing trainees with realistic operational resistance and a sense of layering training.

[0032] Secondly, please refer to it again. Figures 6 to 8 The connecting component 4 includes a fixed tube 41, which is fixedly connected to the end of the lung model 22. The end of the lung model 22 has a movable groove 42. A first pipe 43 is inserted into one end of the movable groove 42. A slider 44 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the first pipe 43 and is slidably connected in the movable groove 42. A second pipe 45 is fixedly connected to one end of the first pipe 43 and the other end of the second pipe 45 is connected to the fixed tube 41. A compression spring 46 is fixedly connected between the slider 44 and the movable groove 42. A guide groove 47 is opened at the lower end of the movable groove 42. A lever 48 is slidably connected in the guide groove 47 and the upper end of the lever 48 is fixedly connected to the slider 44.

[0033] In this embodiment, before installing the training module 3, the end of the first pipe 43 should be pulled to extend the end of the first pipe 43 by a certain distance, and then the first pipe 43 should be connected to the end of the simulated blood vessel 31 to form a liquid flow path.

[0034] It should be noted that: the fixed tube 41 is a rigid tube, the first pipe 43 is a flexible tube, and the second pipe 45 is a retractable flexible tube. When the end of the first pipe 43 is pulled, the slider 44 connected to its other end slides along the movable groove 42 and compresses the compression spring 46. As the first pipe 43 moves, the second pipe 45 is stretched. After connecting the first pipe 43 to the simulated blood vessel 31 (the connection method between the two is not limited here, and a quick-connect connector in the prior art is used), the first pipe 43 is released after the connection is completed. Subsequently, the first pipe 43 retracts into the movable groove 42 under the action of the rebound force of the compression spring 46.

[0035] Please refer to it again. Figure 3 and Figure 9The infusion unit 52 includes a water pump 521, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank 51. The pump 521 extends into the interior of the water tank 51, and the drain end of the pump 521 is fixedly connected to a drain pipe 522. The other end of the drain pipe 522 is connected to two branch pipes 523, and the branch pipes 523 extend into the interior of the lower housing 2. A first valve 524 is provided on the branch pipes 523.

[0036] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 13 The return section 53 includes a water outlet pipe 531, which is fixedly embedded in the lower housing 2. A return pipe 532 is piston-type inserted into the water outlet pipe 531, and the other end of the return pipe 532 is connected to the water tank 51. A second valve 533 is provided on the water outlet pipe 531, and a spring 534 is fixedly connected between the return pipe 532 and the water outlet pipe 531.

[0037] In this embodiment, the key to installing the lung model 22 lies in establishing an effective fluid circulation pathway, which requires connecting the lung model 22 to the fluid network of the infusion assembly 5. Specifically, the fixed tubes 41 at both ends of the lung model 22 serve as the inlet and outlet of the fluid, respectively, and must be connected to both ends of the infusion system: one end must be aligned and inserted into the end of the diversion tube 523 from the infusion section 52, and the other end must be aligned and inserted into the end of the outlet tube 531 of the return section 53, thus forming a tight insertion fit. This connection method ensures that the fluid can flow smoothly into and out of the lung model 22 area.

[0038] Before operation, simulated blood liquid is injected into the water tank 51. When the simulation training begins, the water pump 521 of the infusion unit 52 is activated, and the liquid is pumped into the drain pipe 522. Controlled by the diversion pipe 523 and the first valve 524, it flows into the connecting component 4 on one side. The liquid then flows through the connecting component 4 into the simulated blood vessel 31 on the training module 3 (the flow route is: diversion pipe 523 - fixed pipe 41 - second pipe 45 - first pipe 43 - simulated blood vessel 31). After flowing through the entire simulated blood vessel 31, it flows out from the connecting component 4 on the other side, enters the outlet pipe 531 of the return section 53, and finally returns to the water tank 51 through the return pipe 532, thus forming a complete liquid circulation loop. During the simulation training, only the first valve 524 and the second valve 533 on the training side are opened, while the first valve 524 and the second valve 533 on the other side are closed.

[0039] After the circulation is established, the operator uses thoracoscopic instruments (such as electric hooks, dissecting forceps, scissors, etc.) to enter the thoracic cavity through the simulated incision 12 on the upper shell 1. Under the monitoring of the thoracoscope, the operator begins to perform destructive dissection operations on the training module 3. The operator needs to cut and separate the bionic tissue surrounding the simulated blood vessel 31, gradually dissecting the simulated blood vessel 31 completely from the "tissue".

[0040] Throughout the entire ionization process, based on the established closed-loop fluid circulation, highly realistic real-time feedback on vascular injury can be provided: Partial rupture of blood vessel (bleeding): When the operator accidentally injures the simulated blood vessel 31 during the dissection process, causing a small rupture, the dyed fluid will continuously seep out from the rupture or spray out in a thin stream under the pressure of the circulating fluid, simulating bleeding or small bleeding points in real surgery. At this time, due to the loss of some fluid, the amount of fluid returning to the water tank 51 through the return section 53 will be reduced accordingly. This "leakage" phenomenon provides the operator with a direct visual warning, reminding them of the operational error and prompting them to take immediate hemostatic measures or adjust their operating strategy.

[0041] Complete rupture of the simulated blood vessel (massive hemorrhage): If the operator accidentally ruptures the simulated blood vessel 31 completely, a large amount of fluid will gush out rapidly from the rupture site, simulating an emergency situation of sudden massive bleeding during surgery. Due to the complete interruption of the circulation circuit, all fluid will flow back to the water tank 51 via the return section 53. This drastic change simulates the urgency of real massive bleeding, forcing the operator to react quickly, such as pausing the procedure, attempting suction, locating the bleeding point, or using other instruments to control the bleeding, thereby effectively training their psychological resilience and emergency response capabilities.

[0042] It should be noted that the outer wall of the fixed pipe 41 and the inner wall of the branch pipe 523 and the outlet pipe 531 are fitted with an interference fit to ensure that no leakage occurs at the interface when subjected to a certain liquid pressure, thus guaranteeing the sealing and pressure stability of the circulation system. This plug-in method allows for the rapid connection and disconnection of liquid pipelines without the need for any tools, greatly facilitating the disassembly or installation of the training module 3 or the lung model 22.

[0043] Please refer to it again. Figures 9 to 11 The pressure application part 54 includes a hollow cylinder 541, which is fixedly connected to the diversion pipe 523. A piston rod 542 is piston-type inserted into one end of the hollow cylinder 541. A piston plate 543 is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod 542, and a positioning block 545 is connected to the other end. A return spring 544 is fixedly connected between the piston plate 543 and the hollow cylinder 541. A positioning frame 546 is fixedly connected to the side of the lower housing 2. A locking pin 547 is inserted between the positioning frame 546 and the positioning block 545.

[0044] In this embodiment, after the simulated blood vessel 31 is successfully freed, the first valve 524 and the second valve 533 are closed first, and then the water pump 521 is turned off, so that the simulated blood vessel 31 and the pipeline connected to it form a closed pressure-bearing cavity. Then, the simulated blood vessel 31 is ligated (such as by tying a knot or applying a titanium clip).

[0045] During the ionization process, piston rod 542 is fixed to positioning frame 546 by locking pin 547, and the compression return spring 544 stores potential energy, allowing liquid to enter hollow cylinder 541. After ligating and cutting simulated blood vessel 31, locking pin 547 is pulled out, releasing piston rod 542 from pressure application part 54. Under the elastic force of return spring 544, piston rod 542 pushes piston plate 543 to move within hollow cylinder 541, applying a momentary pulse pressure simulating arterial blood pressure to the liquid in the sealed cavity.

[0046] Determining the effectiveness of ligation: Secure ligation: If the ligation point is tight, the simulated blood vessel 31 can withstand the hydraulic shock applied by the pressure application part 54 without liquid leakage, and the liquid circulation loop remains closed. Stable pressure at the pressure application part 54 and minimal or no displacement of the piston rod 542 indicate successful ligation.

[0047] Insecure ligation: If the ligation point is not tight, after being subjected to the hydraulic impact of the pressure application part 54, liquid will spray or seep out from the weak point of the ligation (such as a loose knot or an unclosed titanium clip). This will cause a rapid drop in pressure within the circuit, which is visually manifested as the piston rod 542 of the pressure application part 54 rapidly advancing a distance under the action of the return spring 544, or even advancing completely to the bottom. This "pressure drop" and "piston rod 542 displacement" provide the operator with a clear visual signal of "ligation failure." This process simulates the key steps of postoperative examination of the reliability of vascular ligation, making the training results verifiable and assessable.

[0048] Please refer to it again. Figure 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 The regulating part 55 includes a drain pipe 551, which is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe 531. The lower end of the outlet pipe 531 is connected to a liquid storage cylinder 552, and a sealing plug is provided at the drain hole at the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder 552. A guide block 553 is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe 531 by a bracket. A through groove 554 is opened on the return pipe 532, and a ring 555 is fixedly connected to the return pipe 532.

[0049] In this embodiment, an adjustment unit 55 is provided to more clearly distinguish whether the simulated blood vessel 31 is ruptured or completely severed during the ionization process. During normal ionization operation, when the simulated blood vessel 31 is intact, the liquid flow rate pumped in by the water pump 521 is stable and the impact force is large. When the liquid with a certain flow rate and pressure is discharged along the outlet pipe 531, it impacts and pushes the return pipe 532 to move to the right a certain distance against the elastic force of the spring 534, and compresses the spring 534. At this time, the return pipe 532 is in a dynamic equilibrium position: the ring 555 at its end does not contact the guide block 553, and a gap is formed between the two; at the same time, the position of the through groove 554 is completely offset from the port of the drainage pipe 551. After the liquid enters the return pipe 532 along the outlet pipe 531, it flows smoothly through the gap between the ring 555 and the guide block 553, and finally flows back into the water tank 51 along the transparent section of the return pipe 532. By observing the transparent reflux tube 532, the operator can see stable fluid reflux, indicating normal circulation and no damage to the blood vessels.

[0050] Partial rupture of a blood vessel (bleeding / minor hemorrhage): When the operator accidentally injures the simulated blood vessel 31 during the dissection process, causing a rupture, some fluid will flow out along the rupture, reducing the fluid flow rate into the outlet pipe 531 and decreasing the impact force of the fluid. At this time, the thrust acting on the return pipe 532 decreases, making it unable to maintain its original equilibrium position. Under the restoring force of the spring 534, the return pipe 532 will return to its original position a short distance to the left. This slight displacement causes the through groove 554 on the return pipe 532 to partially or completely align with the port of the drainage pipe 551. At this time, some of the fluid that should have flowed back to the water tank 51 will be diverted along the through groove 554 and the drainage pipe 551 into the transparent reservoir 552. As training continues, the operator can visually observe the liquid level in the reservoir 552 gradually rising. The phenomenon of "the liquid level in the reservoir 552 rising" corroborates the phenomenon of "the liquid flow rate in the transparent return tube 532 decreasing," providing the operator with a clear visual signal that "the blood vessels are damaged and are continuously bleeding."

[0051] Complete severance of the blood vessel (massive hemorrhage): If the operator accidentally severs the simulated blood vessel 31 completely, a large amount of fluid will gush out rapidly from the severance, causing the circulation loop to be interrupted. At this time, no fluid will enter the outlet pipe 531. Due to the lack of fluid impact, the return pipe 532 will be completely reset to its initial position under the elastic force of the spring 534. Since no fluid is flowing out, no new fluid will enter the reservoir 552, and its liquid level will remain unchanged. At the same time, the operator will find that there is no fluid flow in the transparent return pipe 532 by observing it. This dual phenomenon of "no change in the liquid level of the reservoir 552" and "no fluid flow in the transparent return pipe 532," combined with the visual impact of "fluid gushing" in the intracavitary field of view, simulates a scenario of massive hemorrhage, forcing the operator to take immediate emergency measures.

[0052] It should be noted that the middle section of the return tube 532 is designed as a flexible, retractable tube to accommodate tube displacement, while both ends are rigid tubes. Furthermore, the end of the return tube 532 that connects to the water tank 51 is made of a transparent material, allowing trainees to visually observe whether liquid (simulated blood) is flowing back along the return tube 532, thus determining the patency of the blood vessel.

[0053] Please refer to it again. Figure 15 The test assembly 6 includes a support plate 61, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the lower housing 2. A resistor block 62 and a conductive post 63 are mounted on the support plate 61. A metal sliding head 64 is slidably connected to the conductive post 63, and the lower end of the metal sliding head 64 slides along the surface of the resistor block 62. A storage battery 65 and a light bulb 66 are also fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the lower housing 2.

[0054] In this embodiment, throughout the detachment and ligation process, the test component 6 continuously monitors the tension on the simulated blood vessel 31, transforming abstract mechanical parameters into intuitive visual signals.

[0055] When the operator uses instruments to pull, lift, or separate the simulated blood vessel 31, the pulling force is transmitted through the blood vessel to the connecting components 4 at both ends. The first conduit 43 and the slider 44 within the connecting component 4 move within the movable groove 42 against the elastic force of the compression spring 46. This displacement is transmitted through the lever 48 fixed to the slider 44.

[0056] Moving lever 48 causes the metal slider 64 in test assembly 6 to slide on conductive post 63, simultaneously changing its contact position on resistor block 62. As the position of the metal slider 64 changes, the total resistance in the series circuit containing battery 65, bulb 66, and resistor block 62 changes, resulting in a linear change in the brightness of bulb 66. The greater the pulling force applied by the operator to the simulated blood vessel 31, the greater the displacement of slider 44, the longer the distance the metal slider 64 moves, the greater the change in resistance, and the more obvious the change in the brightness of bulb 66. Therefore, trainees can intuitively perceive the magnitude of the pulling force they apply to the blood vessel through the changes in the brightness of bulb 66, thereby training fine-tuning of their manipulation and avoiding forceful pulling.

[0057] It should be noted that after the lung model 22 is installed, the lower end of the lever 48 is inserted into the groove on the metal sliding head 64, so that the metal sliding head 64 moves with the lever 48.

[0058] The working principle of this invention is as follows: By activating the water pump 521 of the infusion unit 52, the liquid circulates between the water tank 51, the connecting component 4, the simulated blood vessel 31, and the return section 53 to create a closed thoracic cavity environment. When the trainee frees the simulated blood vessel 31, which is wrapped by the training module 3, through the simulated incision 12, the pulling force causes the slider 44 and the lever 48 in the connecting component 4 to move, thereby driving the metal sliding head 64 of the test component 6 to slide on the resistor block 62 to change the brightness of the bulb 66 to provide real-time feedback on the operating force. If the simulated blood vessel 31 is accidentally injured, the liquid overflows to simulate bleeding and causes the return tube 532 in the return section 53 to move and the liquid level in the reservoir 552 to indicate the degree of injury. After ligation is completed, the locking pin 547 is removed to release the potential energy of the reset spring 544 of the pressure application unit 54. The piston plate 543 applies pulsed hydraulic pressure to the sealed pipeline. The ligation sealing is intuitively judged based on the displacement of the piston rod 542 or the liquid leakage. Thus, a full-process simulation training integrating anatomical freeing, mechanical sensing, bleeding emergency response, and effect verification is realized.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A single-port thoracoscopic simulation device, comprising an upper shell and a lower shell, wherein a rib model and a lung model are disposed within the lower shell, characterized in that, Also includes: The training module is set on the lung model and has simulated blood vessels. Two connecting components are respectively set at both ends of the lung model and connected to both ends of the simulated blood vessels; An infusion assembly is mounted on the lower housing. The infusion assembly includes a water tank and an infusion section and a return section connected to the water tank. The infusion section and the return section are respectively connected to two connecting components to form a fluid circulation loop flowing through a simulated blood vessel. A pressure application section is provided on the infusion section, and an adjustment section is provided on the return section. The test component, located at the bottom of the lower housing, is used to detect the tensile force experienced by the simulated blood vessel during operation. During use, the liquid is delivered through the infusion unit, then flows sequentially through the connecting component on the left, the simulated blood vessel, and the connecting component on the right, and finally enters the water tank along the return section. When the simulated blood vessel is ruptured: some liquid flows out along the rupture, and the remaining liquid flows back into the tank along the return section; when the simulated blood vessel is completely broken, the liquid flows out completely along the break, and no liquid flows back through the return section. After ligating the blood vessel: close the infusion unit and apply a certain amount of hydraulic pressure through the pressure application unit. If the ligation is not secure, the liquid will spray out and the pressure at the pressure application unit will drop.

2. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper shell has multiple simulated cuts, and rubber plugs are embedded in the simulated cuts. Two pressure rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the upper shell.

3. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two support blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the lower shell.

4. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the training module is fixedly connected to an iron plate. The top of the lung model has a receiving groove, and a magnetic block is fixedly embedded in the receiving groove. The receiving groove has a positioning hole, and the bottom of the iron plate is connected to a positioning rod that matches the positioning hole.

5. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting assembly includes a fixed tube, which is fixedly connected to the end of the lung model. The end of the lung model has a movable groove. A first pipe is inserted into one end of the movable groove. A slider is fixedly fitted onto one end of the first pipe and is slidably connected to the movable groove. A second pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the first pipe and the other end of the second pipe is connected to the fixed tube. A compression spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the movable groove. A guide groove is provided at the lower end of the movable groove. A lever is slidably connected in the guide groove and the upper end of the lever is fixedly connected to the slider.

6. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infusion unit includes a water pump, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the water tank. The pump's suction end extends into the water tank, and the pump's discharge end is fixedly connected to a drain pipe. The other end of the drain pipe is connected to two branch pipes, which extend into the interior of the lower housing. A first valve is installed on each branch pipe.

7. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return section includes a water outlet pipe, which is fixedly embedded in the lower housing. A return pipe is piston-type inserted into the water outlet pipe, and the other end of the return pipe is connected to the water tank. A second valve is provided on the water outlet pipe, and a spring is fixedly connected between the return pipe and the water outlet pipe.

8. The single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure application part includes a hollow cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the diversion pipe. A piston rod is piston-type inserted into one end of the hollow cylinder. A piston plate is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod, and a positioning block is connected to the other end. A return spring is fixedly connected between the piston plate and the hollow cylinder. A positioning frame is fixedly connected to the side of the lower housing, and a locking pin is inserted between the positioning frame and the positioning block.

9. A single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The regulating unit includes a drain pipe, which is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe. The lower end of the outlet pipe is connected to a liquid storage cylinder, and a sealing plug is installed at the drain hole at the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder. A guide block is fixedly connected to the outlet pipe using a bracket. A through groove is opened on the return pipe, and a ring is fixedly connected to the return pipe.

10. A single-port thoracoscopic simulation operation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test assembly includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the lower housing. A resistor block and a conductive post are mounted on the support plate. A metal slider is slidably connected to the conductive post, and the lower end of the metal slider slides along the surface of the resistor block. A battery and a light bulb are also fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lower housing.

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