A contact system and transfer switch

Abstract

A contact system and a changeover switch include a first set of contacts and a second set of contacts, insulated from each other, with the second contact fixedly disposed. One end of the first contact is fixed, and the other end is movable. The first set of contacts and the second set of contacts are connected in series in parallel in at least one identical external circuit, forming a parallel module in the external circuit connected in the following parallel connection manner: two parallel power supply modules; two parallel connection branches; one power supply module connected in parallel with one connection branch. Under external force, when the movable end of the first contact is displaced in at least two directions, switching between at least two circuit states is achieved in at least three circuit states: between the two power supply modules containing the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts, between the two connection branches, or between one power supply module and one connection branch. The changeover switch using the contact system has a compact structure and small size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of switches, such as the new energy vehicle industry, charging systems, contact systems and changeover switches for charging power distribution and power switching. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, vehicle systems have begun to gradually adopt 800V high-voltage platforms. However, most of the existing charging piles only support 400V fast charging. In order to be compatible with existing charging piles, the vehicle platform needs to be compatible with 400V fast charging to improve the user experience.

[0003] Currently, most 800V vehicle systems use Boost / Buck modules to regulate the high-voltage system. The power electronic components are complex and costly. Some vehicle systems use electric drives to boost the voltage and are compatible with fast charging. However, long-term charging may cause the motor's magnetic force to weaken, so a cooling system and a detection system need to be added, which also results in higher costs for the whole vehicle.

[0004] Some automakers employ a dual-voltage platform, using two 400V voltage platforms connected in series to form an 800V voltage platform, and then connected in parallel to form two separate 400V voltage platforms, to ensure compatibility with charging stations using both 400V and 800V voltage platforms. To achieve the series-parallel switching between the two voltage platforms, three contactors are required to switch the series-parallel function of the two voltage platforms and to connect and disconnect them. This results in a large number of contactors, a large space requirement, and complex control logic. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a contact system and a changeover switch. Through the contact system, under the action of an external driving force, the switching between at least two circuit states can be realized. When the contact system is applied to the changeover switch, the driving system is used as the driving force of the contact system to drive the contact system to move in at least two directions, thereby realizing the switching between at least two positions of the contact system, such as the series position, the parallel position and the disconnected position. At the same time, it saves space and makes the control simpler and more convenient.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a contact system comprising: a first set of contacts and a second set of contacts that are insulated from each other, the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts respectively comprising a first contact and a second contact that are insulated from each other at a distance; the second contact is fixedly disposed, and one end of the first contact is fixedly formed to form a fixed end, and the other end is displaceable relative to the second contact to form a displaceable end; Driven by an external force, the displaceable end of the first contact moves along at least two displacement directions; First displacement direction: The second contact in the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts is located on the displacement path of the displaceable end of the first contact in the same group in the first displacement direction; Second displacement direction: The second contact of the second group of contacts is simultaneously located on the displacement path of the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts in the second displacement direction; The first set of contacts and the second set of contacts are connected in series with at least one of a power supply and a load, respectively, and then connected in parallel in at least one identical external circuit, forming a parallel module in the external circuit connected in the following parallel connection manner: two power supply modules in parallel; two connection branches in parallel; one power supply module connected in parallel with one connection branch; When the displaceable end of the first contact is displaced along at least two displacement directions under the drive of an external force, at least two or more circuit states are switched among at least three circuit states: between the two power modules where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located, between the two connecting branches, or between one power module and one connecting branch; wherein the three circuit states are: parallel state as the first circuit state, series state as the second circuit state, and disconnected state as the third circuit state.

[0007] Furthermore, the circuit state also includes six circuit states: a fourth circuit state, a fifth circuit state, and a sixth circuit state. The fourth circuit state is a circuit state in which the power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is on, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is off. Fifth circuit state: The power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is disconnected, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is connected. The sixth circuit state is a circuit state in which the power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is connected in series with the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is conducting.

[0008] Furthermore, the displaceable ends of the first contacts in the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts can operate synchronously or independently under external force to achieve the following circuit states: The displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power modules or connection branches where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in parallel, so that the displaceable end of the first contact is in the parallel position, realizing the first circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact moves along the second displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the second group of contacts, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in series, so that the displaceable end of the first contact is in the series position, realizing the second circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts is displaced to a position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are disconnected, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts is in the disconnected position, and the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second contact are kept insulated from the second contact and do not contact each other, thus realizing the third circuit state; The displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts is located is turned on. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is at the disconnected position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located is disconnected, realizing the fourth circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located is turned on. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is at the disconnected position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts is located is disconnected, realizing the fifth circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is displaced along a first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, thereby turning on the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is displaced along a second displacement direction. The movable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the second group of contacts, so that the power modules or connecting branches where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in series, while the first contacts of the first group of contacts and the first contacts of the second group of contacts are connected in parallel, thereby realizing the sixth circuit state.

[0009] Further, the first displacement direction is: one end of the second contact is located on the first displacement direction path of the displaceable end of the corresponding first contact; the second displacement direction is: the other end of the second contact of one group of contacts is located on the second displacement direction path of the displaceable end of the first contact of another group of contacts.

[0010] Furthermore, the displaceable end of the first contact can be bent relative to the fixed end in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the movable end of the first contact is connected to the fixed end via a conductive flexible connector.

[0012] Furthermore, a bracket is provided between the movable end and the fixed end of the first contact. One end of the bracket is fixedly disposed on the movable end, and the other end is rotatably disposed on both sides of the flexible connector or on both sides of the fixed end near the fixed end. The bracket rotates rotatably with the movable end relative to the bracket at the connection point with the flexible connector or the fixed end.

[0013] Furthermore, contact springs are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the displaceable end in the first and second displacement directions, and the contact springs are in a compressed state.

[0014] Furthermore, at the position where the movable end of the first contact contacts the second contact, a conductive contact protruding from the surface is provided on the surface of at least one of the movable end of the first contact and the second contact.

[0015] The present invention also provides a changeover switch, including the contact system and the drive system, wherein the displaceable ends of the first contacts of the two sets of contacts share a drive system for driving, or are driven by a separate drive system; The driving system drives the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts to move synchronously or independently along at least a first displacement direction and a second displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact switches between at least two positions in at least three circuit states.

[0016] Furthermore, the drive system includes a motor drive mechanism and a transmission mechanism. When the motor drive mechanism and the transmission mechanism are activated, the transmission mechanism drives the first contact to move one end by a displacement.

[0017] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is a cam mechanism, the motor drive mechanism drives the cam mechanism to rotate, and the cam mechanism drives the first contact displaceable end to move.

[0018] Furthermore, the cam mechanism includes a cam, a drive shaft, and a linear displacement push rod. The cam has a cam curve groove on its side. One end of the drive shaft slides against the cam curve groove, and the other end of the drive shaft is fixedly connected to the push rod. The push rod is connected to the first contact displaceable end via a contact spring.

[0019] Furthermore, along the length direction of the cam curve groove, the position of the drive shaft at the break position is between the position of the drive shaft at the parallel position and the position of the drive shaft at the series position.

[0020] Furthermore, when the first contact displaceable end is in the position corresponding to each circuit state, the driving shaft and the limiting surface of the cam curve groove have a certain length along the cam curve.

[0021] Furthermore, one end of the cam curve groove is closed along the groove length direction, and the other end is an open end. The inner wall of the cam curve groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end in a cam curve manner. The series position is located at the open end of the cam curve groove or on the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end of the cam curve groove.

[0022] Furthermore, the push rod includes a support leg and a guide post. One end of the support leg is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the other end is connected to the guide post. The guide post passes through the movable end of the first contact, and a limiting structure is provided at the free end of the guide post. Contact springs are respectively sleeved on the guide post between the movable end of the first contact and the support leg, and between the movable end of the first contact and the limiting structure at the free end of the guide post.

[0023] Furthermore, the support leg is connected to the guide post via a support rod; the support rod is horizontally positioned, and both ends of the support rod are connected to the guide post at the displaceable end of the first contact that passes through the two sets of contacts.

[0024] Furthermore, the motor drive mechanism includes a motor and a reducer, wherein the motor drives the reducer to rotate, and the reducer drives the cam mechanism to rotate.

[0025] Furthermore, the reducer includes a worm gear mechanism and a gear transmission mechanism; a worm is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the gear of the gear transmission mechanism is coaxially fixedly arranged with the cam of the cam mechanism to transmit the output power; the motor drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate, drives the gear transmission mechanism to rotate, and the gear transmission mechanism drives the cam mechanism to rotate.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes a position indicating device, which is coaxially arranged with the cam mechanism.

[0027] Further, the position indicating device includes a housing, a sliding seat, and a contact fixing plate; the sliding seat is fixedly mounted on the housing, and the contact fixing plate is rotatably mounted on the housing; the cam mechanism is coaxially fixedly connected to the contact fixing plate and rotates relative to the housing and the sliding seat; an inner ring resistor and an outer ring resistor are provided concentrically and insulatedly on the sliding seat; the inner ring resistor has a circular ring structure, with one end led out as the inner ring resistor terminal; the outer ring resistor is located on the outer periphery of the inner ring resistor, has an arc-shaped structure, and one end of each end of the outer ring resistor is led out as the two terminals of the outer ring resistor; a contact is fixedly mounted on the contact fixing plate, and the two ends of the contact are in conductive contact with the inner ring resistor and the outer ring resistor, respectively; the voltage signal between the terminal of the inner ring resistor and one end of the outer ring resistor is collected to determine the position of the movable end of the first contact.

[0028] The contact system and changeover switch of the present invention, by changing the structure and positional relationship between the second contact and the first contact in the contact system, as well as the driving direction of the driving system, enable the displaceable end of the first contact to be displaced in at least two displacement directions, thereby realizing the switching between at least two of the six circuit states, including series position, parallel position, disconnected position, and independent conduction and disconnection. This simplifies the structure, making it more compact and smaller in size.

[0029] By fixing one end of the first contact while allowing the other end to move, the overall structure of the first contact becomes more stable, avoiding poor contact caused by irreversible deformation during overall displacement when the first contact is long.

[0030] In the series, parallel, and disconnected positions, the limiting surface for the cam mechanism and drive shaft is designed to allow the cam to rotate from 10° to 80°. o The limiting surfaces within the angle range can ensure that the movable end of the first contact is in a series position, a parallel position, or a disconnected position. Preferably, the cam rotation range can be 30°~70°, ensuring stability in the three positions.

[0031] By using the cam curve groove design, the cam can provide lifting force to the drive shaft and also pull force. By using a single cam, the force can be applied in two displacement directions, which simplifies the structure and control logic of the drive system.

[0032] The position indicator device clearly shows the position of the movable end of the first contact, facilitating the next switching operation.

[0033] The worm gear mechanism enables the drive system to self-lock, solving the problem that existing contactors do not have a physical self-locking function, improving the safety performance of the changeover switch, and avoiding potential short circuits in the changeover switch. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall layout of the changeover switch.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall layout of the switch from another angle.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a front view of the overall layout from the perspective of the position indicator device.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a front view of the overall layout from one side of the cam mechanism.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a front view structural diagram of the overall layout from the perspective of the second contact.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall layout of the drive system.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drive system viewed from below the position indicator.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drive system viewed from below one side of the cam mechanism.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a top-view structural diagram of the drive system.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a cam.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a front view schematic diagram of the cam with the cam curve groove on one side.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the position indicator device.

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the position indicator device.

[0047] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the contact of the position indicator device in the outer ring resistor when the circuit is disconnected.

[0048] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the contact of the position indicator device in the outer ring resistor when it is in series.

[0049] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the contact of the position indicator device within the outer ring resistor when the circuit is in parallel.

[0050] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when two sets of contacts are driven by independent driving mechanisms, wherein the first set of contacts is in the conducting position and the second set of contacts is in the disconnected position.

[0051] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the two sets of contacts are driven by independent driving mechanisms. The first set of contacts is in the disconnected position, and the second set of contacts is in the conducting position.

[0052] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when two sets of contacts are driven by independent driving mechanisms. In this case, the second set of contacts is conductive, and the first contact of the first set of contacts and the second contact of the second set of contacts are in series conductive contact, so that the first contacts of the first set of contacts and the first contacts of the second set of contacts are connected in parallel.

[0053] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a changeover switch with a housing.

[0054] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of the changeover switch from another angle.

[0055] Figure 22 This is the schematic diagram of the changeover switch circuit when it is in the disconnected position.

[0056] Figure 23 This is the schematic diagram of the changeover switch circuit when it is in the parallel position.

[0057] Figure 24 This is the schematic diagram of the changeover switch circuit when it is in series.

[0058] Figure 25 This is a circuit diagram showing the first set of contacts being on and the second set of contacts being off.

[0059] Figure 26 This is a circuit diagram showing that the first set of contacts is broken and the second set of contacts is connected.

[0060] Figure 27 This is a circuit diagram in which the first set of contacts is disconnected, the second set of contacts is connected, and at the same time, the first contact of the first set of contacts and the second contact of the second set of contacts are in conductive contact.

[0061] Figure 28 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first contact when its displaceable end is in a parallel position.

[0062] Figure 29 This is a structural schematic diagram from the perspective of the cam mechanism when the displaceable end of the first contact is in the parallel position.

[0063] Figure 30This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the displaceable end of the first contact when it is in the series position.

[0064] Figure 31 This is a structural schematic diagram from the perspective of the cam mechanism when the displaceable end of the first contact is in the series position.

[0065] Figure 32 This is a structural schematic diagram from the perspective of the position indicator device when the displaceable end of the first contact is in the series position.

[0066] Figure Labels First contact (1, 3), second contact (2, 4), fixed end of first contact (101, 301), movable end of first contact (102, 302), flexible connector 5, bracket 6, cam 7, drive shaft 8, cam curve groove 701, limiting protrusion 702, support rod 901, support leg 902, guide post 903, contact spring 10, motor 11, worm gear mechanism 12, gear one 13, gear two 14, indicating device housing 15, sliding seat 16, contact plate fixing plate 17, inner ring resistor 18, outer ring resistor 19, contact plate 20, wire 21, wiring terminal (22, 23, 24), conversion latch housing 25, one end of second contact 4 401, the other end of second contact 4 402, open end of cam 7011, closed end of cam 7012, limiting structure 151. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The contact system provided by the present invention includes: a first set of contacts and a second set of contacts that are insulated from each other, the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts respectively including a first contact and a second contact that are insulated from each other; the second contact is fixedly disposed, one end of the first contact is fixed to form a fixed end, and the other end is displaceable relative to the second contact to form a displaceable end; Driven by an external force, the displaceable end of the first contact moves along at least two displacement directions; First displacement direction: The second contact in the first group of contacts and the second contact in the second group of contacts is located on the displacement path of the first displacement direction of the displaceable end of the first contact in the same group; Second displacement direction: The second contact of the second group of contacts is simultaneously located on the displacement path of the second displacement direction of the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts; After the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are connected in series with at least one of the power supply and the load respectively, they are connected in parallel in at least one identical external circuit to form a parallel module in the external circuit connected in the following parallel connection manner: two power supply modules in parallel; two connection branches in parallel; one power supply module connected in parallel with one connection branch. When the displaceable end of the first contact is displaced along at least two displacement directions under the drive of an external force, at least two or more circuit states are switched between the two power modules where the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts are located, between the two connecting branches, or between a power module and a connecting branch; wherein the three circuit states are: parallel state as the first circuit state, series state as the second circuit state, and disconnected state as the third circuit state.

[0068] Furthermore, the circuit state also includes six circuit states: fourth circuit state, fifth circuit state, and sixth circuit state. Among them, the fourth circuit state is a circuit state in which the power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is on and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is off. Fifth circuit state: The power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is disconnected, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is connected. The sixth circuit state is a circuit state in which the power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is connected in series with the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is conducting.

[0069] The changeover switch includes the aforementioned contact system and drive system. The displaceable ends of the first contacts of the two sets of contacts share a single drive system or are driven by separate drive systems. The drive system drives the displaceable ends of the first contacts of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts to move synchronously or independently along at least the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the displaceable ends of the first contacts switch between at least two positions in at least three circuit states.

[0070] The following describes preferred embodiments in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The directional terms used are for reference only and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of this invention.

[0071] The changeover switch includes a drive system and a contact system. The drive system drives the contact system to switch between parallel, series, and open positions, and performs on / off switching in the parallel and series positions. See also Figures 1 to 32 ,in: Contact system, see Figures 1 to 5This includes at least two sets of contacts with insulating spacing. The following diagrams illustrate this using two sets of contacts as an example. Both sets of contacts are made of conductive material. The first set of contacts includes first contact 1 and second contact 2, and the second set of contacts includes first contact 3 and second contact 4. Insulating spacing is provided between the first contacts (1, 3) and between the second contacts (2, 4). In the open state, both the first contacts (1, 3) and the second contacts (2, 4) are insulated from each other.

[0072] The first contacts (1, 3) each include a fixed end (101, 301) and a movable end (102, 302). The fixed end (101, 301) is fixedly disposed, and the movable end (102, 302) is bendable relative to the fixed end (101, 301), and the deformation generated during bending is reversible. Preferably, the fixed end and the movable end are electrically connected through a conductive flexible connector 5. The fixed end (101, 301) of the first contacts (1, 3) serves as two of the terminals of the changeover switch. A bracket 6 is provided on one end where the fixed end and the movable end are connected. The bracket 6 has a bent structure, with one end fixedly connected to the end where the movable end (102, 302) is connected to the flexible connector 5. Support legs 601 are provided on both sides of the other end of the bracket 6. These legs 601 are rotatably positioned on both sides of the end where the flexible connector 5 is connected to the fixed end (101, 301), or directly rotatably positioned on both sides of the fixed end (101, 301). A certain space is maintained between the rotatably positioned end of the bracket 6 and the fixed end and the flexible connector 5, so that the bracket 6 does not affect the bending of the flexible connector 5. The bracket 6 limits the length between the movable end (102, 302) and the fixed end (101, 301) within a certain range, allowing the movable end (102, 302) to rotate along the rotatably connected joint of the bracket 6.

[0073] At the corresponding position of the movable end of the first contact and the second contact, that is, at the point where the movable end of the first contact and the second contact come into contact, a conductive contact protruding from the surface can be provided on at least one of the surfaces of the movable end of the first contact and the second contact. This contact can be provided on one surface or on both the movable end of the first contact and the second contact. When a contact protruding from the surface of the movable end or the second contact is provided, the contact can be one, two, or more, depending on the specific requirements.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, conductive contacts protruding from the surface of the displaceable end 102 of the first contact 1 may be provided on both sides facing the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction. Conductive contacts protruding from the surface of the displaceable end 302 of the first contact 3 are provided on the side facing the first displacement direction.

[0075] The second contact 2 is fixedly disposed on the displaceable end 101 of the first contact 1, and the second contact 2 is located on the first displacement direction path of the displaceable end 101 of the first contact 1.

[0076] The second contact 4 includes two ends (401, 402) located on different planes. One end 401 is fixedly disposed corresponding to the displaceable end 302 of the first contact 3 and located on the first displacement direction path of the displaceable end 302 of the first contact 3. The other end 402 of the second contact 4 is fixedly disposed corresponding to the displaceable end 101 of the first contact 1 and located on the second displacement direction path of the displaceable end 101 of the first contact 1. The two ends of the second contact 4 are integrally connected.

[0077] In application, the two terminals of the first set of contacts are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of at least one external circuit or at least one connecting branch. The two terminals of the second set of contacts are also respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of at least one external circuit or at least one connecting branch. The first and second sets of contacts are connected in series in different external circuits or connecting branches. The circuit state between the external circuits or connecting branches containing the two sets of contacts is switched by the displacement of the movable end of the first contact of each set in different directions. In this invention, a connecting branch refers to either an active branch or a passive branch.

[0078] With this configuration, when the drive system drives the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) to move in the first displacement direction, the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) can respectively make conductive contact with one end 401 of the corresponding second contacts 2 and 4 located on the path in the first displacement direction. (See attached diagram.) Figure 28 and Figure 29 This allows the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) to be in parallel positions, thus connecting the external circuit or connecting branch where the first and second sets of contacts are located in parallel, thereby achieving circuit state switching in parallel.

[0079] When the drive system drives the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) to move in the second displacement direction, the displaceable end 102 of the first contact 1 makes conductive contact with the other end 402 of the corresponding second contact 4 located on the path in the second displacement direction. In the second displacement direction, the first contact 3 does not make contact with any of the other contacts. (See reference...) Figures 30 to 32 This allows the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) to be in the series position, thus connecting the external circuit or connecting branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located in series, thereby achieving circuit state switching of the series connection state.

[0080] When the drive system drives the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) to be located between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, the first contacts (1, 3) and the second contacts (2, 4) are insulated from each other and do not make contact. See [link / reference] Figures 1 to 3 At this time, the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) are in the disconnected position, which disconnects the external circuit or connecting branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located, thus realizing the circuit state switching of the disconnected state.

[0081] As can be seen from the above, the circuit states of the external circuit or connecting branch where the first and second sets of contacts are located are divided into three types: parallel state, series state, and disconnected state. Based on the position switching of the movable end of the first contact between the first displacement direction, the second displacement direction, and the first and second displacement directions, at least two or more circuit states can be switched. For example, without a disconnection stop, the movable end can directly switch from the series position to the parallel position, or from the parallel position to the series position, thus achieving a switch between two circuit states. When a disconnection stop is set, switching between the series, parallel, and disconnected circuit states can be achieved.

[0082] To save space and without affecting the displacement of the first contact 3 in the second displacement direction, the connection point between the second contact 4 at one end 401 of the path in the first displacement direction and the other end 402 of the path in the second displacement direction is located between the movable end 102 of the first contact 1 and the movable end 302 of the first contact 3. The ends of the second contacts (2, 4) in the first displacement direction serve as the other two terminals of the changeover switch, so that each group of contacts has two terminals.

[0083] See drive system. Figures 6 to 9 It includes a motor drive mechanism and a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism is connected to the displaceable end of the first contact. The motor drive mechanism drives the cam mechanism to rotate, and the cam mechanism drives the displaceable end of the first contact to move in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so as to switch between series position, parallel position and disconnected position.

[0084] The cam mechanism includes a cam 7, a drive shaft 8, and a linear displacement push rod. The cam 7 is fixedly mounted on the cam rotation shaft. (See attached image.) Figures 10 to 11A cam curve groove 701 is provided on at least one side of the cam 7. Both ends of the cam curve groove 701 along its length can be closed, or one end can be open and the other closed. In this embodiment, the cam curve groove 701 has a one-end open and one-end closed structure. The outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end 7011 of the cam curve groove 701 is continuous with the inner wall of the cam curve groove 701 facing the rotation axis, so that the inner wall of the cam curve groove 701, combined with the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end, forms a complete cam curve trajectory. A limiting protrusion 702 is provided at the end of the complete cam curve trajectory outside the open end of the cam curve groove 701, protruding from the cam curve trajectory. One end of the drive shaft 8 is fixedly connected to the push rod, and the other end slidably abuts against the cam curve groove 701. As the cam 7 rotates, the drive shaft 8 runs along the cam curve trajectory on the cam curve groove 701 and the outer peripheral surface of the cam belonging to the cam curve trajectory outside the open end of the cam curve groove 701. The limiting protrusion 702 and the closed end 7012 of the cam curve groove 701 together define the starting and ending points of the drive shaft 8 running along the cam curve trajectory. The inner and outer sidewalls of the cam curve groove generate lifting and pulling forces on the drive shaft 8, realizing the switching of the two displacement directions of the drive shaft 8. The push rod, made of insulating material, includes a support rod 901, a leg 902, and a guide post 903. The two ends of the support rod 901 correspond to the movable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3), respectively. Preferably, the support rod 901 is horizontally positioned, and a vertically positioned leg 902 is fixedly connected below the center of the support rod 901. The lower end of the leg 902 is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft 8. The displacement trajectory of the leg 902 is limited by a limiting structure (not shown) within the housing of the changeover switch, restricting the leg 902 to only move along a linear displacement direction. Guide posts 903 are fixedly installed on both ends of the support rod 901 facing the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3). The free ends of the guide posts 903 pass through the displaceable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) and are located above the displaceable ends (102, 302). Nuts are threadedly connected to the free ends of the guide posts 903 to form a limiting structure. Contact springs 10 are respectively sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post 903 between the movable end (102, 302) and the limiting structure at the free end of the guide post 903, and on the outer periphery of the guide post 903 between the movable end (102, 302) and the support rod 901. The contact springs 10 are in a compressed state. The contact springs 10 are used to buffer the impact brought about when the movable end (102, 302) of the first contact (1, 3) contacts the second contact, and at the same time provide a clamping force for contact, so that the movable end (102, 302) of the first contact (1, 3) and the second contact can reliably contact.The maximum inner diameter of the through hole through which the guide post 903 passes in the displaceable end (102, 302) is greater than the outer diameter of the guide post 903. Preferably, the through hole is set as an oblong hole so as to provide displacement space for the displaceable end (102, 302) to bend along the guide post 903.

[0085] When the drive shaft 8's running trajectory is completely within the cam curve groove 701, and the displaceable ends (102, 302) are in parallel, broken, and series positions respectively, the limiting surfaces of the drive shaft 8 and the cam curve groove 701 are all located within the cam curve groove 701. To improve the stability of the three position states, the limiting surfaces of the drive shaft 8 and the cam curve groove 701 have a certain length along the length direction of the cam curve groove in all three positions. Generally, the design length of the limiting surface is 10° to 80° of the cam rotation. o Preferably, the cam rotation range can be 30°~70°. Within the range of the limiting surface, slight rotation or wobbling of the cam will not affect the changes in the parallel position, the disconnected position, and the series position, thereby improving the working stability of the three positions.

[0086] When the running trajectory of the drive shaft 8 is in the cam groove 701 and on the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the opening end of the cam groove 701, the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the opening end of the cam groove 701 provides a lifting force to the drive shaft 8. Therefore, in the contact system structure shown in the figure, in the series position, the limiting surface of the drive shaft 8 and the cam groove 701 is partially or completely located on the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the opening end of the cam groove 701; in the parallel position and the disconnected position, the limiting surface of the drive shaft 8 and the cam groove 701 is located in the cam groove 701.

[0087] Regardless of whether the limiting surface is located outside or inside the opening end of the cam curve groove, in the split position, the limiting surface of the drive shaft and the cam curve groove 701 is located between the limiting surface of the drive shaft and the cam curve groove 701 in both the series and parallel positions. For better control and limiting, when the drive shaft's running trajectory is completely within the cam curve groove 701, preferably, the limiting surface of the drive shaft and the cam curve groove corresponding to one of the parallel or series positions is located at the closed end of the cam curve groove 701; when the drive shaft's running trajectory is within the cam curve groove 701 and on the outer circumferential surface of the cam outside the opening end of the cam curve groove 701, preferably, the limiting surface of the drive shaft and the cam curve groove corresponding to the parallel position is located at the closed end of the cam curve groove 701.

[0088] The motor drive mechanism includes a motor 11 and a reducer. The reducer includes a worm gear mechanism 12 and a gear transmission mechanism. The gear transmission mechanism includes meshing gear one 13 and gear two 14. The worm of the worm gear mechanism 12 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the worm meshes with the worm wheel. The worm wheel is coaxially fixed with gear one 13, and gear two 14 is fixedly mounted on the cam rotation shaft on one side of the cam 7. The motor 11 drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate, thereby driving the meshing gear transmission mechanism to rotate. The rotation of gear two 14 drives the cam rotation shaft to rotate, thereby driving the cam 7 to rotate, thus realizing the drive of the cam mechanism.

[0089] A position indicator is also provided on the cam shaft on one side of gear 214, see [reference]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The position indicator and cam 7 are located on both sides of gear 2 14. The position indicator is used to indicate which position (parallel, series, or disconnected) the displaceable end (102, 302) of the first contact (1, 3) is in, so that the operator knows which position and state it is in.

[0090] Position indicator, see Figures 12 to 13 The device includes an indicator housing 15, a sliding seat 16, a contact fixing plate 17, an inner ring resistor 18, an outer ring resistor 19, a contact 20, and a terminal block. The indicator housing 15 has an opening on one side, and a limiting structure 151 extends from the edge of the side wall of the opening towards the center of the indicator housing 15. The sliding seat 16 is fixedly disposed within the side opening of the indicator housing 15. The indicator housing 15 and the sliding seat 16 are sleeved on a cam rotating shaft, and the cam rotating shaft can rotate relative to the indicator housing 15 and the sliding seat 16. The indicator housing 15 is fixedly disposed on the changeover switch housing. The sliding base 16 is made of insulating material. An inner ring resistor 18 and an outer ring resistor 19 are concentrically arranged on the sliding base 16. The inner ring resistor 18 has a circular ring structure, with a terminal 23 leading out from the center of its bottom. The outer ring resistor 19 is insulated and positioned outside the inner ring resistor 18. The outer ring resistor 19 has an arc-shaped structure, with its two ends distributed on opposite sides of the connection point between the inner ring resistor 18's terminal 23 and the inner ring resistor 18. A terminal (22, 24) is led out from each end of the outer ring resistor 19. These three terminals (22, 23, 24) are connected via wires 21, which are then connected to an external control system.

[0091] The contact plate fixing plate 17 is fixedly sleeved on the cam rotating shaft and can rotate synchronously with the cam rotating shaft. The contact plate fixing plate 17 is located at the side opening end of the indicating device housing 15, and its position is limited by the limiting structure of the side wall edge of the indicating device housing 15. A contact 20 is fixedly mounted on the contact plate fixing plate 17 facing the sliding seat 16. The contact 20 is made of conductive material, and its two ends are in conductive contact with the inner ring resistor 18 and the outer ring resistor 19, respectively. As the contact 20 rotates, its two ends always maintain conductive contact with the inner ring resistor 18 and the outer ring resistor 19. The limiting structure of the side wall edge of the indicating device housing 15 ensures that the contact 20 is in reliable contact with the inner ring resistor 18 and the outer ring resistor 19.

[0092] When determining the position, a voltage is applied across the outer resistor 19, causing a constant current to flow through it. This voltage is the standard voltage. Contact 20 connects the inner resistor 18 and the outer resistor 19, forming a data acquisition circuit between the inner resistor 18, contact 20, the outer resistor 19, and terminals 22 and 23. The resistance of contact 20 and the inner resistor 18 is very small compared to the resistance of the outer resistor and can be ignored. Therefore, the resistance in the data acquisition circuit is mainly determined by the resistance of the portion of the outer resistor 19 within the circuit. Current flows between the two ends of the outer resistor 19 (terminals 22 and 24), and the current flowing through it remains constant. The position of contact 20 on the outer resistor 19 represents the magnitude of the resistance of the outer resistor portion in the data acquisition circuit. Since voltage is proportional to resistance when the current is constant, the voltage in the data acquisition circuit changes due to the different positions of contact 20 on the outer resistor 19, even with a constant current.

[0093] When the displaceable end of the first contact is in the disconnected position, see Figure 14 The contact piece 20 is positioned at the center of the outer ring resistor 19 and at the terminal 23 of the inner ring resistor 18. At this point, the resistance of the outer ring resistor in the acquisition circuit is approximately half of the total outer ring resistance. Since the contact piece 20 is in conductive contact with the terminal 23 of the inner ring resistor 18, the voltage of the acquisition circuit at the disconnected position is approximately half of the voltage between the two ends of the outer ring resistor 19 (terminals 22 and 24).

[0094] When the displaceable end of the first contact is in the series position, see Figure 15 The contact piece 20 is in contact with the outer ring resistor 19 at a position close to the terminal 24 of the outer ring resistor 19. At this time, the resistance value of the outer ring resistor in the acquisition circuit is the largest, and the voltage value in the acquisition circuit is the largest.

[0095] When the displaceable end of the first contact is in the parallel position, see [reference needed]. Figure 16 The contact point 20 is in contact with the outer ring resistor 19 at a position close to the terminal 22 of the outer ring resistor 19. At this point, the resistance of the outer ring resistor in the acquisition circuit is at its minimum, and the voltage value in the acquisition circuit is at its minimum.

[0096] When the displaceable end of the first contact is between the disconnected position and the parallel position, the resistance value of the acquisition circuit is between the minimum resistance value and the intermediate resistance value, and the acquired voltage signal is between the minimum voltage value and the intermediate voltage value; when the displaceable end of the first contact is between the disconnected position and the series position, the resistance value of the acquisition circuit is between the maximum resistance value and the intermediate resistance value, and the acquired voltage signal is between the intermediate voltage value and the maximum voltage value.

[0097] The determination of minimum, intermediate, and maximum voltage values ​​is based on design-defined conditions determined by an external control system. For example, a minimum voltage threshold, an intermediate voltage threshold, and a maximum voltage threshold are set. When the voltage signal acquired by the acquisition circuit is less than the minimum voltage threshold, the acquired voltage signal is determined to be the minimum voltage value, and the circuit is currently in a parallel position. When the voltage signal acquired by the acquisition circuit is greater than the maximum voltage threshold, the acquired voltage signal is determined to be the maximum voltage value, and the circuit is currently in a series position. When the ratio of the acquired voltage signal to the intermediate voltage threshold is close to zero or fluctuates within a small allowable range, the acquired voltage signal is determined to be the intermediate voltage value, and the circuit is currently in a disconnected position.

[0098] Therefore, by acquiring the voltage signal in the acquisition circuit, it is possible to determine the current position of the displaceable end of the first contact.

[0099] The above-described judgment logic does not constitute a limitation on the logical judgment of determining the position information of this changeover switch.

[0100] The three terminals of the position indicator are connected to the system respectively. The voltage signal of the acquisition circuit is sent to the external control system through the acquisition circuit. The control system determines the position of the movable end of the first contact according to the voltage signal acquired by the acquisition circuit. According to the corresponding position, the corresponding motor control signal is sent to control the motor to start and stop, thereby controlling the switching and holding between the various positions of the changeover switch.

[0101] The aforementioned contact system drives two sets of contacts to operate synchronously via a single drive system, enabling at least two positional states: series connection, parallel connection, and disconnection. However, the two sets of contacts cannot operate independently. Therefore, to enable both synchronous and independent operation of the two sets of contacts, two separate drive systems are used to drive their corresponding sets of contacts. When the two drive systems operate synchronously, the two sets of contacts operate synchronously, and the operating principle, positional state, and circuit state switching are the same as when the two sets of contacts share a single drive system.

[0102] When two sets of contacts need to operate independently, the two drive systems operate separately. For example, one drive system may remain inactive, always keeping its corresponding set of contacts in the open position, while the other drive system operates to either open or close its corresponding set of contacts. Alternatively, the two drive systems may operate asynchronously, closing one set of contacts while opening the other, and so on. See also... Figures 17 to 19 Remove the support rod 901 so that the guide post 903 of the displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts is directly connected to the support leg 902 of the corresponding drive system. The support leg 902 and the guide post 903 can be detachably connected or integrally formed. The displaceable end of the first contact of the corresponding group of contacts is driven to move by the drive system. Figure 17 The diagram shows the operation of the drive system corresponding to the first group of contacts. The drive system for the second group of contacts is not activated. The first group of contacts is conducting, and the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is in the open position. (See circuit diagram below.) Figure 25 As shown. Figure 18 The diagram shows that the drive system for the first group of contacts is inactive, while the drive system for the second group of contacts is active. The displaceable end of the first contact in the first group is in the open position, and the second group of contacts is conductive. (See circuit diagram below.) Figure 26 As shown. Figure 19 The diagram shows that the drive systems corresponding to the first and second sets of contacts both operate asynchronously. The first set of contacts is closed, with the displaceable end of the first contact in the open position. The second set of contacts is closed, with the first contact of the first set making conductive contact with the second contact of the second set, thus connecting the first contacts of the first and second sets in parallel. The first contact of the first set and the second contact of the second set are connected in series. The circuit diagram is shown below. Figure 27 As shown.

[0103] The contact system and drive system of the aforementioned changeover switch are housed in the changeover switch housing 25, see [reference]. Figure 20 and Figure 21 The four terminals of the changeover switch: one end of the fixed end (101, 301) of the first contact (1, 3), one end of the second contact 2, and one end of the fixed end 401 of the second contact 4 are located outside the changeover switch housing 25 as four terminals, which facilitates connection to external circuits or connecting branches.

[0104] The fixed ends (101, 301) of the first contacts (1, 3), which serve as two terminals, are located on the same side of the changeover switch and serve as two connection terminals of the changeover switch. The fixed ends of the second contacts (2, 4), which serve as the other two terminals, are located on the same side of the changeover switch and serve as the other two connection terminals of the changeover switch. The two sets of contacts are connected in parallel in at least the same external circuit, so that the first set of contacts and the second set of contacts are set in parallel in the external circuit.

[0105] The first set of contacts is connected in series with either the power supply or the load to form a power module or a connection branch; the second set of contacts is also connected in series with either the power supply or the load to form a power module or a connection branch; the power modules or connection branches containing the two sets of contacts are then connected in parallel to form a parallel module. The two ends of the parallel module containing each set of contacts are connected to the positive and negative terminals of an external circuit, respectively; when both sets of contacts are connected in series with the power supply, the power supply electrode connected to the first contact of the first set of contacts is opposite to the power supply electrode connected to the second contact of the second set of contacts.

[0106] The circuit diagram of the changeover switch, taking two power modules (B1, B2) connected in parallel in the external circuit as an example; the fixed end 101 of the first contact 1 and the second contact 2 of the first group of contacts of the changeover switch of the present invention are connected in series with power supply B1 to form power module B1. The fixed end 101 of the first contact 1 is connected to the positive terminal B1+ of power supply B1, and the second contact 2 is connected to the positive terminal B2+ of power supply B2; the fixed end 301 of the first contact 3 and the fixed end 401 of the second contact 4 are connected in series with power supply B2 to form power module B2. The fixed end 301 of the first contact 3 is connected to the negative terminal B1- of power supply B1, and the fixed end 401 of the second contact 4 is connected to the negative terminal B2- of power supply B2. The positive terminal of the external circuit is led out from the positive terminal of power module B2, and the negative terminal of the external circuit is led out from the negative terminal of power module B1.

[0107] Figure 22 The diagram shows the circuit schematic when the movable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) of the two sets of contacts of the changeover switch are both in the open position. At this time, both power modules (B1, B2) are in the open state, realizing the third circuit state.

[0108] Figure 23The diagram shows the circuit schematic when the movable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) of the changeover switch are all in parallel. The movable end 102 of the first contact 1 of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact 2, turning on the power module B1. The first contact 3 of the second group of contacts makes conductive contact with the end 401 of the second contact 4 located in the first displacement direction, turning on the power module B2. This puts the two power modules (B1, B2) in parallel, realizing the first circuit state.

[0109] Figure 24 The diagram shows the circuit schematic when the movable ends (102, 302) of the first contacts (1, 3) of the changeover switch are in the series position. The movable end 102 of the first contact 1 of the first group of contacts and the other end 402 of the second contact 4 of the second group of contacts are in conductive contact in the second displacement direction, so that the two power modules (B1, B2) are in the series connection state, realizing the second circuit state.

[0110] Figure 25 The diagram shows the circuit schematic when the movable end 102 of the first contact 1 of the changeover switch is in conductive contact with the second contact 2, and the movable end 302 of the first contact 3 is in the open position. The movable end 102 of the first contact 1 of the first group of contacts is in conductive contact with the second contact 2, turning on power module B1; the first contact 3 of the second group of contacts is not in contact with the second contact 4, turning off power module B2. This circuit state switching, turning on power module B1 (where the first group of contacts is located) and turning off power module B2 (where the second group of contacts is located), achieves the fourth circuit state.

[0111] Figure 26 As shown, with Figure 25 On the contrary, the circuit state is switched so that the power module B1 containing the first set of contacts is disconnected and the power module B2 containing the second set of contacts is turned on, thus realizing the fifth circuit state.

[0112] Figure 27 The diagram shows the circuit schematic when the movable end 102 of the first contact 1 of the changeover switch is in conductive contact with one end 402 of the second contact 4 of the second group of contacts, and the movable end 302 of the first contact 3 of the second group of contacts is in conductive contact with one end 401 of the second contact 4. The first contact 1 of the first group of contacts and the first contact 3 of the second group of contacts are connected in parallel, and the first contact 1 of the first group of contacts and the second contact 4 of the second group of contacts are connected in series. When power module B1 and power module B2 are connected in series, power module B2 is turned on, realizing the sixth circuit state.

[0113] By using a shared drive system for two sets of contacts, or by using separate drive systems for each set of contacts, switching between at least two of the following three circuit states can be achieved: between power modules containing the two sets of contacts, between connecting branches, and between a power module and a connecting branch. When using a shared drive system, the three circuit states are parallel, series, and disconnected. When using a separate drive system, switching between at least two of the following six circuit states can be achieved: parallel, series, disconnected, power module or connecting branch containing the first set of contacts is on and power module or connecting branch containing the second set of contacts is off, power module or connecting branch containing the first set of contacts is off and power module or connecting branch containing the second set of contacts is on, and power module or connecting branch containing the first set of contacts and power module or connecting branch containing the second set of contacts are connected in series or parallel.

[0114] The working principle of the changeover switch of this invention: The motor receives control signals from the external control system, providing the power input required for the switch to change position. The motor rotates, and the power is transmitted through the reducer, driving the cam to rotate. The drive shaft slides within the cam's groove, pushing the push rod to make linear displacement. The push rod drives the displaceable end of the first contact to move in either the first or second displacement direction, switching between parallel, series, and disconnected positions. When the displaceable end of the first contact reaches the series, parallel, or disconnected position, the drive shaft is at different heights on the cam, and the corresponding cam is at different angles. A position indicator device, coaxially mounted with the cam, collects different voltage signals. Since the voltage signal corresponds to the determined position information of the displaceable end of the first contact, the position indicator device transmits the voltage signal to the external control system. Based on the set voltage information and corresponding position information, when the desired position is reached, the external control system sends a control signal to the motor, de-energizing it. At this point, the cam stops rotating, and the displaceable end of the first contact is in a stable position. When the displaceable end of the first contact is in the parallel or series position, the contact pressure is provided by the contact spring. The elastic force of the contact spring ensures reliable contact between the displaceable end of the first contact and the second contact.

[0115] When a changeover switch is used, only power is needed to drive the switch; no power is required when the switch is in operation.

[0116] When the transfer switch is applied to two 400V voltage platforms on an electric vehicle, it is in the open position when the vehicle is parked. In a 400V charging scenario, the switch switches from the open position to the parallel connection position of the two 400V voltage platforms, allowing the vehicle to connect in parallel and receive maximum current from a 400V charging station. After charging is complete, the switch switches back to the open position. In an 800V charging scenario or normal driving scenario, the switch switches from the open position to the series connection position of the two 400V voltage platforms, allowing the vehicle to connect to an 800V charging station or to continue driving normally.

[0117] The circuit diagram above uses two power modules (B1, B2) as an example. A load can also be connected in series within the power modules, or at least one power source can be replaced with a load to form a connecting branch. The switching principle between circuit states is the same. It can realize the switching between series / parallel connections and open / closed states between power modules, as well as between power modules and connecting branches, and between two connecting branches, and between open / closed states. When the load is a resistor, the resistance of the external circuit can be changed by switching the circuit states.

[0118] In summary, the changeover switch of the present invention can switch between at least two of the at least three circuit states among at least one power supply module and at least one connecting branch in at least one external circuit, preferably between the three circuit states of series state, parallel state and disconnected state; when the disconnected state is not set, the switching between the series state and the parallel state can also be realized.

Claims

1. A contact system, characterized in that: include: The first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are insulated from each other. The first group of contacts and the second group of contacts respectively include a first contact and a second contact that are insulated from each other. The second contact is fixedly disposed. One end of the first contact is fixed to form a fixed end, and the other end can be displaced relative to the second contact to form a displaceable end. Driven by an external force, the displaceable end of the first contact moves along at least two displacement directions; First displacement direction: The second contact in the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts is located on the displacement path of the displaceable end of the first contact in the same group in the first displacement direction; Second displacement direction: The second contact of the second group of contacts is simultaneously located on the displacement path of the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts in the second displacement direction; The first set of contacts and the second set of contacts are connected in series with at least one of a power supply and a load, respectively, and then connected in parallel in at least one identical external circuit, forming a parallel module in the external circuit connected in the following parallel connection manner: two power supply modules in parallel; two connection branches in parallel; one power supply module connected in parallel with one connection branch; When the displaceable end of the first contact is displaced along at least two displacement directions under the drive of an external force, at least two or more circuit states are switched among at least three circuit states: between the two power modules where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located, between the two connecting branches, or between one power module and one connecting branch; wherein the three circuit states are: parallel state as the first circuit state, series state as the second circuit state, and disconnected state as the third circuit state.

2. The contact system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit states also include a fourth circuit state, a fifth circuit state, a sixth circuit state, and a total of six circuit states, among which: Fourth circuit state: The power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is on, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is off. Fifth circuit state: The power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is disconnected, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is connected. The sixth circuit state is a circuit state in which the power module or connecting branch where the first set of contacts is located is connected in series with the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located, and the power module or connecting branch where the second set of contacts is located is conducting.

3. The contact system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The displaceable ends of the first contacts in the first group of contacts and the first contacts in the second group of contacts operate synchronously or independently under external force to achieve the following circuit states: The displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power modules or connection branches where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in parallel, so that the displaceable end of the first contact is in the parallel position, realizing the first circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact moves along the second displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the second group of contacts, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in series, so that the displaceable end of the first contact is in the series position, realizing the second circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of each group of contacts is displaced to a position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are disconnected, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts is in the disconnected position, and the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second contact are kept insulated from the second contact and do not contact each other, thus realizing the third circuit state; The displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts is located is turned on. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is at the disconnected position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located is disconnected, realizing the fourth circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is displaced along the first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, so that the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located is turned on. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is at the disconnected position between the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, so that the power module or connection branch where the first group of contacts is located is disconnected, realizing the fifth circuit state. The displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts is displaced along a first displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact of the second group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the group, thereby turning on the power module or connection branch where the second group of contacts is located. At the same time, the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts is displaced along a second displacement direction. The movable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts makes conductive contact with the second contact of the second group of contacts, so that the power modules or connecting branches where the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts are located are connected in series, while the first contacts of the first group of contacts and the first contacts of the second group of contacts are connected in parallel, thereby realizing the sixth circuit state.

4. The contact system according to claim 3, characterized in that: First displacement direction: One end of the second contact is located on the first displacement direction path of the corresponding displaceable end of the first contact; Second displacement direction: The other end of the second contact of one group of contacts is located on the second displacement direction path of the displaceable end of the first contact of another group of contacts.

5. The contact system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable end of the first contact can be bent relative to the fixed end in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, respectively.

6. The contact system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The movable end of the first contact is connected to the fixed end via a conductive flexible connector.

7. The contact system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bracket is provided between the movable end and the fixed end of the first contact. One end of the bracket is fixedly disposed on the movable end, and the other end is rotatably disposed on both sides of the flexible connector or on both sides of the fixed end near the fixed end. The bracket rotates rotatably with the movable end relative to the bracket at the connection point with the flexible connector or the fixed end.

8. The contact system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Contact springs are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the displaceable end located in the first displacement direction and the second displacement direction, and the contact springs are in a compressed state.

9. The contact system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At the position where the movable end of the first contact contacts the second contact, a conductive contact protruding from the surface is provided on the surface of at least one of the movable end of the first contact and the second contact.

10. A changeover switch, characterized in that: Includes the contact system and drive system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the displaceable ends of the first contacts of the two sets of contacts share a single drive system for driving, or are driven by a separate drive system; The driving system drives the displaceable end of the first contact of the first group of contacts and the second group of contacts to move synchronously or independently along at least a first displacement direction and a second displacement direction, so that the displaceable end of the first contact switches between at least two positions in at least three circuit states.

11. The changeover switch according to claim 10, characterized in that: The drive system includes a motor drive mechanism and a transmission mechanism. When the motor drive mechanism and the transmission mechanism are activated, the transmission mechanism drives the first contact to move one end by a displacement.

12. The changeover switch according to claim 11, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism is a cam mechanism, and the motor drive mechanism drives the cam mechanism to rotate, which in turn drives the first contact displaceable end to move.

13. The changeover switch according to claim 12, characterized in that: The cam mechanism includes a cam, a drive shaft, and a linear displacement push rod. The cam has a cam curve groove on its side. One end of the drive shaft slides against the cam curve groove, and the other end of the drive shaft is fixedly connected to the push rod. The push rod is connected to the first contact displacement end through a contact spring.

14. The changeover switch according to claim 13, characterized in that: Along the length of the cam curve groove, the position of the drive shaft at the break position is between the position of the drive shaft at the parallel position and the position of the drive shaft at the series position.

15. The changeover switch according to claim 14, characterized in that: When the first contact movable end is in the position corresponding to each circuit state, the driving shaft and the limiting surface of the cam curve groove have a certain length along the cam curve.

16. The changeover switch according to claim 14, characterized in that: The cam curve groove is closed at one end along its length and open at the other end. The inner wall of the cam curve groove extends in a cam curve manner to the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end. The series position is located at the open end of the cam curve groove or on the outer peripheral surface of the cam outside the open end of the cam curve groove.

17. The changeover switch according to claim 13, characterized in that: The push rod includes a support leg and a guide post. One end of the support leg is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the other end is connected to the guide post. The guide post passes through the movable end of the first contact, and a limiting structure is provided at the free end of the guide post. Contact springs are respectively sleeved on the guide post between the movable end of the first contact and the support leg, and between the movable end of the first contact and the limiting structure at the free end of the guide post.

18. The changeover switch according to claim 17, characterized in that: The legs are connected to the guide posts via support rods; the support rods are horizontally positioned, and both ends of the support rods are connected to the guide posts at the displaceable ends of the first contacts that pass through the two sets of contacts.

19. The changeover switch according to claim 12, characterized in that: The motor drive mechanism includes a motor and a reducer. The motor drives the reducer to rotate, and the reducer drives the cam mechanism to rotate.

20. The changeover switch according to claim 19, characterized in that: The reducer includes a worm gear mechanism and a gear transmission mechanism; a worm is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the gear of the gear transmission mechanism is coaxially fixed with the cam of the cam mechanism; the motor drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate, drives the gear transmission mechanism to rotate, and the gear transmission mechanism drives the cam mechanism to rotate.

21. The changeover switch according to claim 12, characterized in that: It also includes a position indicator device, which is coaxially arranged with the cam mechanism.

22. The changeover switch according to claim 21, characterized in that: The position indicating device includes a housing, a sliding seat, and a contact fixing plate. The sliding seat is fixedly mounted on the housing, and the contact fixing plate is rotatably mounted on the housing. The cam mechanism is coaxially fixedly connected to the contact fixing plate and rotates relative to the housing and the sliding seat. An inner ring resistor and an outer ring resistor are arranged concentrically and insulatedly on the sliding seat. The inner ring resistor has a circular ring structure, with one end leading out as the inner ring resistor terminal. The outer ring resistor is located on the outer periphery of the inner ring resistor and has an arc-shaped structure. One end of each end of the outer ring resistor is led out as the two terminals of the outer ring resistor. A contact is fixedly mounted on the contact fixing plate, and the two ends of the contact are in conductive contact with the inner ring resistor and the outer ring resistor, respectively. The voltage signal between the terminal of the inner ring resistor and one end of the outer ring resistor is collected to determine the position of the movable end of the first contact.

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