An antenna and communication device

Abstract

An antenna and communication device include: a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer, wherein the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction; the dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer; the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals; the dielectric layer is used to reflect a portion of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, and the dielectric layer allows another portion of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements to pass through; the decoupling layer is used to reflect the other portion of the signals. The antenna and communication device provided in this application embodiment can improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of communication technology, the requirements for the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems are also increasing. By using multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology, and employing time-division, frequency-division, or orthogonal coding methods, spectral efficiency can be improved.

[0003] In practical product forms, such as macro base stations or micro base stations, antenna size is often limited. How to improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna and a communication device. The antenna has a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer and a decoupling layer, which can improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture.

[0005] In a first aspect, an antenna is provided, comprising: a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer, wherein the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction; the dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer; the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals; the dielectric layer is used to reflect a portion of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, and the dielectric layer allows another portion of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements to pass through; the decoupling layer is used to reflect the other portion of the signals.

[0006] For example, the signal transmitted by the dual-polarized antenna element can also be understood as the signal radiated by the dual-polarized antenna element; the signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer are used to reduce the coupling effect of the signal radiated by at least one of the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements on other dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0007] For example, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements constitute an antenna array.

[0008] For example, along the first direction, a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer are arranged sequentially; the dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer.

[0009] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by sequentially stacking a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer, the signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer can reduce the coupling between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements in the dual-polarized antenna element layer, thereby improving spectral efficiency and reducing interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the dielectric constant ε of the dielectric layer satisfies ε≥5.

[0011] For example, the dielectric layer has a high dielectric constant.

[0012] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by utilizing the reflection and transmission effects of a high dielectric constant dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant ε satisfying ε≥5, the coupling between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements in the dual-polarized antenna element layer can be further reduced, thereby improving spectral efficiency and reducing interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the dielectric layer includes a plurality of first metal sheets arranged along a second direction and a third direction. The distance D1 between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first metal sheets satisfies: D1≤0.5×C÷X mm, where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0014] For example, X represents the center frequency or operating frequency of the frequency band in which the antenna operates.

[0015] In some possible implementations, there is a gap between each pair of adjacent first metal sheets.

[0016] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the interaction of electromagnetic waves by a dielectric layer consisting of a plurality of first metal sheets and a dielectric plate with a distance between their geometric centers all less than half a wavelength achieves the equivalent reflection and transmission effect of a high dielectric constant dielectric plate. Furthermore, it is easy to process and implement, has low manufacturing costs, low requirements for product raw materials, and the product raw materials are readily available.

[0017] In some possible implementations, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are staggered along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the decoupling layer includes multiple decoupling units, which satisfy the following conditions: some decoupling units correspond to some dual-polarized antenna units; or, all decoupling units correspond to some dual-polarized antenna units; or, multiple decoupling units correspond to multiple dual-polarized antenna units; or, some decoupling units correspond to all dual-polarized antenna units.

[0019] In the embodiments of this application, the correspondence can be one-to-one or other correspondences (for example, the correspondence may include: one decoupling unit / one decoupling structure corresponds to multiple dual-polarized antenna units; or, multiple decoupling units / multiple decoupling structures correspond to one dual-polarized antenna unit; or, one decoupling unit / one decoupling structure corresponds to one dual-polarized antenna unit, etc.), and there are no restrictions on this.

[0020] For example, some decoupling units satisfy the following condition: a one-to-one correspondence between the decoupling unit and the dual-polarized antenna element; another portion of the decoupling units satisfy the following condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. Alternatively, some decoupling units satisfy the following condition: a one-to-one correspondence between the decoupling unit and the dual-polarized antenna element; another portion of the decoupling units does not satisfy the correspondence with the dual-polarized antenna elements. Or, some decoupling units satisfy the following condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; another portion of the decoupling units does not satisfy the correspondence with the dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0021] For example, the decoupling layer includes multiple decoupling units, which satisfy the following conditions: some decoupling units correspond one-to-one with some dual-polarized antenna units; or, all decoupling units correspond one-to-one with some dual-polarized antenna units; or, multiple decoupling units correspond one-to-one with multiple dual-polarized antenna units; or, some decoupling units correspond one-to-one with all dual-polarized antenna units.

[0022] In this embodiment, multiple decoupling units correspond one-to-one with multiple dual-polarized antenna units. This can be interchanged with all decoupling units in the multiple decoupling units and all dual-polarized antenna units in the multiple dual-polarized antenna units, and they can express the same meaning. No limitation is imposed on this.

[0023] For example, the decoupling layer includes one or more decoupling units, each of which corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna units.

[0024] Exemplarily, the decoupling layer includes one or more decoupling units. Some of the multiple decoupling units satisfy that each decoupling unit corresponds to two dual-polarization antenna units; alternatively, all of the multiple decoupling units satisfy that each decoupling unit corresponds to two dual-polarization antenna units; alternatively, one decoupling unit satisfies that each decoupling unit corresponds to two dual-polarization antenna units.

[0025] Exemplarily, all of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units satisfy that two dual-polarization antenna units correspond to one decoupling unit; alternatively, some of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units satisfy that two dual-polarization antenna units correspond to one decoupling unit, and some of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units do not satisfy the corresponding relationship with the decoupling unit.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present application, the decoupling unit and the dual-polarization antenna unit satisfy the corresponding relationship, and can also be interchanged with each other and express the same meaning, and no limitation is made thereto.

[0027] Based on the solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, on the one hand, by arranging the multiple dual-polarization antenna units in a staggered manner along the second direction, the coupling of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units along the second direction can be reduced; on the other hand, by setting the decoupling unit corresponding to the dual-polarization antenna unit, the coupling of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units along the second direction can be further reduced.

[0028] In some possible implementation manners, the decoupling unit satisfies circular symmetry.

[0029] In some possible implementation manners, the decoupling unit includes multiple second metal sheets and multiple third metal sheets. There is a gap between every two of the multiple second metal sheets, the multiple third metal sheets are arranged in a "field" shape and there is a gap between adjacent two third metal sheets, and the second metal sheets are arranged in the gaps.

[0030] Based on the solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, through the design of the arrangement of the metal sheets of the decoupling unit, the second metal sheet can better reflect the signal radiated by the antenna oscillator of the dual-polarization antenna unit, and can further reduce the coupling of the multiple dual-polarization antenna units along the second direction.

[0031] In some possible implementation manners, the antenna further includes one or more decoupling structures. The decoupling structure, the dual-polarization antenna unit layer, the dielectric layer and the decoupling layer are stacked along the first direction, and the dual-polarization antenna unit layer is located between the decoupling structure and the dielectric layer.

[0032] In some possible implementations, at least one of the one or more decoupling structures includes multiple non-interconnected metal baffles, and at least one decoupling structure corresponds to at least one dual-polarized antenna element; and / or, at least one of the one or more decoupling structures includes a metal probe, and at least one decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0033] For example, the antenna includes multiple decoupling structures, and some / all of the decoupling structures include multiple non-connected metal baffles. The multiple decoupling structures satisfy the following conditions: a partial decoupling structure corresponds one-to-one with a partial dual-polarized antenna element in the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all of the multiple decoupling structures correspond one-to-one with a partial dual-polarized antenna element in the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, multiple decoupling structures correspond one-to-one with multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, a partial decoupling structure corresponds one-to-one with all of the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0034] In this embodiment, multiple decoupling structures correspond one-to-one with multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. This can be interchanged with all decoupling structures in the multiple decoupling structures corresponding one-to-one with all dual-polarized antenna elements in the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements, and they can express the same meaning. No limitation is imposed on this.

[0035] For example, the antenna includes one or more decoupling structures, and some / all of the decoupling structures include a metal probe. The partial decoupling structures in the multiple decoupling structures satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all of the one or more decoupling structures satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0036] For example, some decoupling structures satisfy the following condition: a one-to-one correspondence between the decoupling structure and a dual-polarized antenna element; another part of the decoupling structures satisfies the following condition: each decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements. Alternatively, some decoupling structures satisfy the following condition: a one-to-one correspondence between the decoupling structure and a dual-polarized antenna element; another part of the decoupling structures does not satisfy the correspondence with dual-polarized antenna elements. Or, some decoupling structures satisfy the following condition: each decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements; another part of the decoupling structures does not satisfy the correspondence with dual-polarized antenna elements. A decoupling structure includes one metal probe or multiple non-interconnected metal baffles.

[0037] For example, all decoupled structures in a plurality of decoupling structures satisfy the following condition: a one-to-one correspondence between the decoupled structure and a dual-polarized antenna element; or, all decoupled structures in one or more decoupling structures satisfy the following condition: each decoupled structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements. A decoupling structure includes one metal probe or multiple non-interconnected metal baffles.

[0038] For example, all dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the condition that two dual-polarized antenna elements correspond to one decoupling element; or, a portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the condition that two dual-polarized antenna elements correspond to one decoupling element, and another portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements do not correspond to a decoupling element.

[0039] In the embodiments of this application, the decoupling structure and the dual-polarized antenna element satisfy a correspondence relationship, and can also correspond to each other, with the decoupling structure and the dual-polarized antenna element, and can be substituted for each other while expressing the same meaning. No limitation is made in this regard.

[0040] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by setting a decoupling structure corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna element, the coupling of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction can be further reduced.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements include a second dual-polarized antenna element and at least one first dual-polarized antenna element, the second dual-polarized antenna element and at least one first dual-polarized antenna element being adjacent; the coupled signal radiated by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element to the second dual-polarized antenna element satisfies: the mode of the coupled signal is equal to the mode of the decoupled signal; and / or, the phase of the coupled signal differs from the phase of the decoupled signal by (2n-1)π, the decoupled signal including at least one of the following: a signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna element, and a signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by at least one decoupling structure corresponding to at least one first dual-polarized antenna element; a portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer; or another portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling layer, where n is an integer.

[0042] For example, the coupling signal radiated by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element to the second dual-polarized antenna element can be understood as: the coupling signal generated between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements; the coupling signal generated between at least one first dual-polarized antenna element and the second dual-polarized antenna element; or the portion of the signal radiated by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element that couples with the second dual-polarized antenna element, etc.

[0043] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by means of the relationship between the amplitude (also known as the mode) or phase of the decoupling signal and the coupling signal, it is possible to achieve partial or complete cancellation of the coupling signal by the decoupling signal, thereby reducing the coupling of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction.

[0044] In some possible implementations, at least one first dual-polarized antenna element radiates a coupled signal to a second dual-polarized antenna element. satisfy: Where || represents the modulus. This represents a portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer. This represents another portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling layer, where angle represents the phase of the signal. The signals transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna element, and the signals transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by multiple decoupling structures corresponding to at least one first dual-polarized antenna element.

[0045] In some possible implementations, along the first direction, the height H1 of the decoupled structure is within a first numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.20×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the antenna also includes a reflector. The reflector, decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna element layer, dielectric layer and decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction. The decoupling structure is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the reflector. The reflector is used to reflect the signals transmitted by multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. Along the first direction, the height H2 of the dual-polarized antenna element from the reflector is within a second numerical range. The second numerical range is: [0.15×C÷X, 0.30×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0047] In some possible implementations, the distance H3 between the dielectric layer and the dual-polarized antenna element along the first direction is within a third numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.15×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the distance H4 between the decoupling layer and the dual-polarized antenna element along the first direction is within a fourth numerical range, which is: [0.10×C÷X, 0.40×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0049] In some possible implementations, the distance D2 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction is within the fifth numerical range, which is: [0.35×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the distance D3 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the third direction is within the sixth numerical range, which is: [0.30×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction.

[0051] Based on the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, by designing the antenna structure, the number of transmitting and receiving channels under the wired antenna aperture can be increased, ensuring the isolation between each channel, and enhancing the base station's capabilities under limited rooftop conditions.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the phase difference between the signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer and the signals radiated by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements is not equal to 2nπ, where n is an integer.

[0053] In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, including an antenna as described in the first aspect and any implementation thereof.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the communication device may also include a radio frequency unit or radio frequency module connected to the antenna.

[0055] In some possible implementations, the communication device is a base station.

[0056] Thirdly, a system is provided, including the communication device as described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base station 100 applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna 200 applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the dielectric layer applicable to the embodiments of this application onto the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction (or, the projection onto a plane parallel to the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction).

[0060] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the projection of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements applicable to embodiments of this application onto a plane composed of the second direction and the third direction (or, in other words, onto a plane parallel to the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction).

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the dual-polarized antenna unit and decoupling unit applicable to the embodiments of this application onto the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, the projection onto the plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction).

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the decoupling layer applicable to the embodiments of this application onto the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction (or, in other words, onto a plane parallel to the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction).

[0063] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a decoupled structure applicable to embodiments of this application.

[0064] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the decoupled structure applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0065] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 900 applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 900 with a decoupled structure comprising multiple non-interconnected metal baffles.

[0067] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the signal between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements applicable to embodiments of this application onto a plane formed by the second direction and the first direction (or, the projection onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the first direction).

[0068] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation result applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0069] Figure 13 This is another simulation result diagram applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0070] Figure 14 This is a radiation pattern of a port of an antenna applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0071] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless system applicable to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following points will be explained first.

[0073] Before introducing the scheme of this application, the following points should be noted.

[0074] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this document is merely a description of the same field in the related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0075] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, "a plurality of" or "multiple" means two or more; the singular expressions "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," and "this" are intended to also include expressions such as "one or more," unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that in the following embodiments of this application, "at least one," "at least one," and "one or more" refer to one, two, or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or b, or c, or a and b, or a and c, or b and c, or a, b, and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0076] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, phrases such as "in some possible implementations," "in other possible implementations," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0077] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0078] In this application, the terms "exemplary," "for example," etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the term "example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, "of," "corresponding, relevant," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinction is emphasized.

[0079] The multi-band antenna and electronic device of this application can be applied to various communication systems, including but not limited to: Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), 5th Generation (5G) systems or New Radio (NR) systems, Device to Device (D2D) systems, Vehicle to Everything (V2X) systems, and future communication networks.

[0080] First, a brief introduction to the terminology used in the embodiments of this application will be given.

[0081] 1. Antenna

[0082] An antenna may include a radiating element and a reflector.

[0083] Radiating element: This is the device in an antenna used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, a dual-polarized antenna element can be understood as a radiating element, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiating element via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiating element converts electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0084] Reflector: A reflector can also be called a floor, base plate, antenna panel, or metal reflector. Reflectors are generally metal plates that have an electrical effect on the antenna. For example, reflectors can improve the antenna's signal reception sensitivity by reflecting and focusing the signal onto the receiving point, thereby enhancing the antenna's receiving and transmitting capabilities. They also block and shield interference from electromagnetic waves originating from the back of the reflector (in the opposite direction to the antenna's radiation direction), enhancing the antenna's directivity. Reflectors can also serve as the main structure of the antenna, supporting the radiating element array and the feed network.

[0085] 2. Resonance / Resonance Frequency

[0086] The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that an antenna / radiating element can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.

[0087] 3. Communication frequency band / operating frequency band

[0088] Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz; in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0089] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna can cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0090] 4. Wavelength

[0091] The wavelength, or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, the "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0092] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, vacuum wavelength, or free space wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (Hz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Where ε is the dielectric constant / relative dielectric constant of the medium.

[0093] 5. Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency)

[0094] Antenna system efficiency, also known as overall efficiency, refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by the antenna (i.e. the power that effectively converts the electromagnetic wave portion) to the power input at the antenna port.

[0095] 6. Antenna radiation efficiency

[0096] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus reflected power minus power coupled to other ports. Loss power mainly includes return loss power and ohmic loss power of metals and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0098] 7. Antenna return loss

[0099] Antenna return loss can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power of the antenna port. Generally speaking (considering that some energy may be coupled to other ports), the smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the greater the overall efficiency of the antenna. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the overall efficiency of the antenna.

[0100] Antenna return loss can be expressed as |S 11 |Parameters are used to represent,|S 11 | is one of the parameters in S. |S 11 | can represent the reflection coefficient, which characterizes the quality of an antenna's reflection coefficient. For passive antennas, |S 11 |When expressed in dB, it is usually a negative number,|S 11 The smaller the value of the parameter, the lower the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna; |S 11 The larger the value of the parameter, the greater the antenna return loss.

[0101] In the S-parameters, except for |S 11 |Outside,|S 21 | represents the isolation between port 2 and port 1, |S 22 | represents the reflection coefficient of port 2, |S 32 | indicates the isolation between port 3 and port 2... The S-parameters for the other ports are similar, and will not be elaborated further.

[0102] It should be noted that in engineering, |S 11 | is defined as a value of -6dB or -10dB as the standard for the |S of the skyline. 11 When the value of | is less than or equal to -6dB or -10dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0103] 8. Antenna pattern

[0104] Antenna radiation pattern, also known as radiation pattern, is a graphical representation of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field at a certain distance from the antenna (far field) as a function of direction. A two-dimensional radiation pattern is typically represented by two mutually perpendicular planar radiation patterns passing through the antenna's maximum radiation direction.

[0105] 9. Antenna Gain

[0106] Antenna gain characterizes the degree to which an antenna concentrates and radiates input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe and the smaller the side lobes of the antenna pattern, the higher the antenna gain.

[0107] 10. Network equipment

[0108] Network devices may include devices or modules with corresponding communication functions. A network device can be a device used to communicate with a terminal device; it can also be called an access network device or a radio access network device, such as a base station. In the embodiments of this application, the network device can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitter point, master station, auxiliary station, multiple standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or a combination thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. Base stations can also be mobile switching centers, devices that perform base station functions in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, as well as devices that perform base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks using the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network equipment.

[0109] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0110] In some deployments, the network devices mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be devices including CU, or DU, or devices including CU and DU, or devices with control plane CU nodes (central unit-control plane (CU-CP)) and user plane CU nodes (central unit-user plane (CU-UP)) and DU nodes.

[0111] In some deployments, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist terminal devices in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, or radio units (RUs). CUs and DUs can be configured separately or included in the same network element, such as a BBU. RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as RRUs, AAUs, or RRHs.

[0112] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, a radio access network can also be an open radio access network (O-RAN or ORAN) architecture. In an O-RAN system, CU can also be called an open CU (open CU, O-CU), DU can also be called an open DU (open DU, O-DU), CU-CP can also be called an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be called an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP), and RU can also be called an open RU (open RU, O-RU). Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0113] In this embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of a network device can be a network device itself, or a device capable of supporting the network device in implementing those functions, such as a chip system, chip, circuit, or communication module (i.e., a communication module that performs communication functions). This device can be installed within the network device. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices. Furthermore, the device can be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions. This embodiment only uses a network device as an example to illustrate the device for implementing the functions of a network device, and does not limit the solution of this embodiment.

[0114] Network devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenarios in which the network devices and terminal devices are located.

[0115] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station 100 applicable to embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the base station 100 includes: an antenna system 01, an antenna adjustment and fixing bracket 02, a mounting bracket 03, a cable 04, a radio frequency processing unit 05, a baseband processing unit 06, a connector seal 08, and a grounding device 07.

[0116] In practical applications, the mounting bracket 03, antenna adjustment and fixing bracket 02, and other equipment can be provided by the site provider. The antenna system 01, radio frequency processing unit 05, and baseband processing unit 06 in the base station 100 can be provided by the base station manufacturer. The base station 100 in this embodiment may also exclude the antenna adjustment and fixing bracket 02, as long as it includes a bracket capable of mounting the antenna to the pole, and this bracket may not have an adjustment function.

[0117] Specifically, the antenna system 01 is mounted on the mounting bracket 03 via the antenna adjustment bracket 02 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals by the antenna system 01. For example, the mounting bracket 03 can be a mast. In one possible implementation, the antenna system 01 can be directly mounted on the mounting bracket 03.

[0118] The antenna system 01 may include a radome 12. The radome 12 typically houses various components, such as radiating elements 11 and a floor (not shown). The radome 12 possesses excellent electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the components inside the radome 12 from external environmental influences.

[0119] The components located inside the radome 12 in the antenna system 01 can be connected to the cable 04 via the radio frequency processing unit 05, and the baseband processing unit 06 can be connected to the components located inside the radome 12 in the antenna system 01 via the radio frequency processing unit 05. In this way, the radio frequency processing unit 05 can perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna system 01, and convert it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal before sending it to the baseband processing unit 06; alternatively, the radio frequency processing unit 05 can up-convert and amplify the baseband processing unit 06 or the IF signal, convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna system 01, and then transmit it.

[0120] In one possible implementation, the radio frequency processing unit 05 can also be called a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 06 can also be called a baseband unit (BBU).

[0121] The radio frequency processing unit 05 can be integrated with the antenna system 01, and the baseband processing unit 06 is located at the far end of the antenna system 01. In this case, the radio frequency processing unit 05 and the antenna system 01 can be collectively referred to as an active antenna unit (AAU). Figure 1 This is just one example of the positional relationship between the RF processing unit 05 and the antenna system 01. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 05 and the baseband processing unit 06 can also be located simultaneously at the far end of the antenna system 01.

[0122] Grounding device 07 is installed on cable 04. Grounding device 07 can perform electrical grounding, lightning protection, overvoltage protection, and maintenance of equipment performance, which helps to ensure the stability and safety of base station 100.

[0123] The connector seal 08 is provided at the connection between the antenna radome and the cable 04 of the antenna system 01 and the connection between the grounding device 07 and the cable 04 to provide insulation and sealing. The connector seal 08 can be at least one of insulating sealing tape or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulating adhesive. Of course, the connector seal 08 can also have other structures and is not limited to the form of tape.

[0124] With the continuous development of communication technology, the requirements for the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems are also increasing. By using multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology, and employing time-division, frequency-division, or orthogonal coding methods, spectral efficiency can be improved.

[0125] In practical product forms, such as macro base stations or micro base stations, antenna size is often limited. How to improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0126] One possible implementation is to increase the number of antenna ports within a limited antenna aperture by increasing the port density, thereby increasing the number of data streams that can be transmitted and improving spectral efficiency.

[0127] For example, dual-polarized antennas can be used to reduce the element spacing, thereby increasing the port density.

[0128] For example, in the 690-960MHz frequency band, existing products generally include two rows of radiating elements, and use dual-polarized antennas as radiating elements. The vertical and horizontal spacing between adjacent radiating elements is approximately 0.6 times the wavelength or more. Here, the vertical direction can also be understood as the third direction in the embodiments of this application; the horizontal direction can also be understood as the second direction in the embodiments of this application. This type of antenna has a symmetrical array pattern, and the spacing between adjacent radiating elements exceeds half a wavelength, resulting in high isolation between radiating elements and a simple structural design.

[0129] However, as the number of ports and antenna aperture continue to increase, the performance gain from the spectral efficiency improvement brought by more ports gradually decreases. This scheme is more suitable for low-frequency or medium-to-low electrical size antenna apertures with fewer ports. Due to the large spacing between radiating elements, a maximum of two rows of antenna elements can be accommodated within a limited antenna aperture, which does not fully utilize the horizontal degrees of freedom, resulting in limited capacity.

[0130] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a compact, high-isolation dual-polarized antenna that is planar and easy to manufacture, thereby increasing port density within a limited antenna aperture while still maintaining a certain level of isolation.

[0131] The following is combined Figures 2 to 10 The possible antenna structures provided in the embodiments of this application are described in detail.

[0132] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna 200 applicable to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, antenna 200 includes a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer, which are stacked along a first direction; the dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer; the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes multiple dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals; the dielectric layer is used to reflect a portion of the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements, and the dielectric layer allows another portion of the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements to pass through; the decoupling layer is used to reflect the other portion of the signals.

[0133] For example, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements constitute an antenna array.

[0134] For example, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements can also be used to receive signals.

[0135] In the embodiments of this application, the decoupling layer can also be understood as the antenna decoupling surface (ADS).

[0136] The signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer can cancel out some of the signals coupled from the dual-polarized antenna elements to adjacent elements, thereby reducing the coupling between the dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0137] In some possible implementations, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are staggered along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0138] For example, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes two dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, which are staggered along the second direction; or, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes three dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, which are staggered along the second direction; or, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes four dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, which are staggered along the second direction...

[0139] In some possible implementations, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0140] For example, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes two dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, arranged along the third direction; or, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes three dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, arranged along the third direction; or, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes four dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, arranged along the third direction...

[0141] For ease of description, the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements will be referred to as dual-polarized antenna element #1, dual-polarized antenna element #2, dual-polarized antenna element #3, dual-polarized antenna element #4, etc.

[0142] For example, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The dual-polarized antenna element layer includes three dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals. Dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2 are staggered along the second direction, and dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #3 are staggered along the third direction. Alternatively, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes four dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals. Dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2 are staggered along the second direction, and dual-polarized antenna elements #3 are staggered along the third direction. Antenna element #2 and dual-polarized antenna element #3 are staggered along the second direction, while dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #4 of the four dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged along the third direction; or, the dual-polarized antenna element layer includes four dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals, where dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #2 of the four dual-polarized antenna elements are staggered along the second direction, while dual-polarized antenna element #1, dual-polarized antenna element #3, and dual-polarized antenna element #4 of the four dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged along the third direction...

[0143] The arrangement of the remaining dual-polarized antenna elements can be deduced similarly. Any arrangement that satisfies the requirement of staggered arrangement of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction and / or arrangement of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements along a third direction is applicable to the embodiments of this application. Further details will not be provided here.

[0144] Combined with the following text Figures 3 to 10 This application describes in detail the possible implementations of the antenna 200 provided in the embodiments.

[0145] In some possible implementations, the dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with a high dielectric constant (dielectric constant ε satisfies ε≥5; for example, the dielectric constant is about 20.5); or, the dielectric layer comprises a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant less than or equal to 4.5 and a plurality of first metal sheets, the plurality of first metal sheets being arranged along a second direction and a third direction, wherein the distance D1 between the geometric centers of every two adjacent first metal sheets satisfies: D1≤0.5×C÷X mm, where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0146] For example, the dielectric layer is a dense dielectric layer (DDL).

[0147] In some possible implementations, there is a gap between each pair of adjacent first metal sheets.

[0148] For example, a dielectric layer comprising multiple first metal sheets and a dielectric substrate (the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is less than or equal to 4.5) can achieve an equivalent decoupling effect to a dielectric layer with a high dielectric constant (approximately 20.5). The arrangement of the multiple first metal sheets can change the equivalent dielectric constant of a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant less than or equal to 4.5. Through the interaction of electromagnetic waves by the dielectric layer comprising multiple first metal sheets and a dielectric substrate, the distance between which is less than half a wavelength in both size and geometric center, an equivalent reflection and transmission effect of a high dielectric constant dielectric substrate is achieved. Furthermore, it is easy to process and implement, has low manufacturing costs, low requirements for product raw materials, and the product raw materials are readily available.

[0149] Dielectric substrates with a dielectric constant less than 4.5 can be printed circuit boards (PCBs), foam materials, or air, etc.

[0150] In some possible implementations, at least two of the multiple first metal sheets in the dielectric layer have different sizes.

[0151] In some possible implementations, at least two of the multiple first metal sheets in the dielectric layer have different shapes.

[0152] In some possible implementations, the spacing between at least two adjacent first metal sheets in the dielectric layer is not equal to the spacing between the remaining adjacent first metal sheets.

[0153] For example, among the plurality of first metal sheets in the dielectric layer, the interval between at least two adjacent first metal sheets along the second direction is a first interval; and the interval between at least two adjacent first metal sheets along the third direction is a second interval. The values ​​of the first interval and the second interval are different.

[0154] In some possible implementations, the multiple first metal sheets of the dielectric layer are of the same size.

[0155] In some possible implementations, the multiple first metal sheets of the dielectric layer have the same shape.

[0156] In some possible implementations, the spacing between any two adjacent first metal sheets in the dielectric layer is equal.

[0157] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the dielectric layer applicable to the embodiments of this application onto the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction (or, the projection onto a plane parallel to the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction).

[0158] For example, the multiple first metal sheets of the dielectric layer are square in shape, and the dimensions of the multiple first metal sheets are 13.3mm*13.3mm; and among the multiple first metal sheets, the interval between any two adjacent first metal sheets along the second direction is 6.7mm (which can also be understood as the interval between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first metal sheets along the second direction is 20mm); and among the multiple first metal sheets, the interval between any two adjacent first metal sheets along the third direction is 6.7mm (which can also be understood as the interval between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first metal sheets along the third direction is 20mm).

[0159] For example, the shape of the plurality of first metal sheets is polygonal (e.g., rhombus, regular polygon, etc.). Among the plurality of first metal sheets, the spacing between any two adjacent first metal sheets along the second direction is equal (which can also be understood as the spacing between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first metal sheets along the second direction is equal); and the spacing between any two adjacent first metal sheets along the third direction is equal (which can also be understood as the spacing between the geometric centers of any two adjacent first metal sheets along the third direction is equal).

[0160] In some possible implementations, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are staggered along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; the decoupling layer includes one or more decoupling units, which satisfy the following: the multiple decoupling units correspond one-to-one with the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the one or more decoupling units satisfy the following: each decoupling unit corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0161] For example, some / all of the decoupling units in the plurality of decoupling units correspond one-to-one with some / all of the dual-polarized antenna units in the plurality of dual-polarized antenna units.

[0162] For example, a portion of the decoupling units in a plurality of decoupling units correspond one-to-one with a portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, while another portion of the decoupling units do not satisfy a one-to-one correspondence with another portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the number of decoupling units is greater than the number of dual-polarized antenna elements, and a portion of the decoupling units in a plurality of decoupling units correspond one-to-one with all the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, while another portion of the decoupling units do not satisfy a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all the decoupling units in a plurality of decoupling units correspond one-to-one with all the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0163] For example, some decoupling units among multiple decoupling units and some dual-polarized antenna elements among multiple dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the following condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; another part of the decoupling units and another part of the dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements. Alternatively, all decoupling units among multiple decoupling units and some part of the dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the following condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; all decoupling units among multiple decoupling units and another part of the dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the condition: each decoupling unit corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements. Some dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the condition that each decoupling element corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, some decoupling elements among multiple decoupling elements satisfy the condition that each decoupling element corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements. Another portion of the decoupling elements do not satisfy the condition that each decoupling element corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all decoupling elements among multiple decoupling elements satisfy the condition that each decoupling element corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0164] For ease of description, the following describes the possible implementations of the embodiments of this application in detail, taking as an example that all decoupling units in the multiple decoupling units correspond one-to-one with all dual-polarized antenna units in the multiple dual-polarized antenna units, or that all decoupling units in the multiple decoupling units satisfy the condition that each decoupling unit corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna units.

[0165] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the projection of multiple dual-polarized antenna elements applicable to embodiments of this application onto a plane formed by the second direction and a third direction (or, in other words, onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction). In this first plane, each dual-polarized antenna element includes two interleaved antenna elements. The first plane is perpendicular to the first direction and is the plane in which the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are located (the first plane can also be understood as the plane in which the dual-polarized element layer is located; or, the first plane is a plane parallel to the second direction and the third direction).

[0166] For example, antenna 200 has N dual-polarized antenna elements and N decoupling elements (N is an integer greater than 1), and the N dual-polarized antenna elements and N decoupling elements correspond one-to-one.

[0167] For example, the antenna may include two dual-polarized antenna elements and two decoupling elements, with each decoupling element corresponding to one of the two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the antenna may include three dual-polarized antenna elements and three decoupling elements, with each decoupling element corresponding to one of the three dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the antenna may include four dual-polarized antenna elements and four decoupling elements, with each decoupling element corresponding to one of the four dual-polarized antenna elements... and so on. Other cases can be deduced similarly, and will not be elaborated further.

[0168] For example, N = 32. It should be understood that in the case of N ≠ 32, the spatial relationship between the decoupling unit and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna unit is similar, and can be referred to the description in the case of N = 32, which will not be repeated here.

[0169] For ease of description, the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are respectively labeled as dual-polarized antenna element #1, dual-polarized antenna element #2, dual-polarized antenna element #3, dual-polarized antenna element #4, dual-polarized antenna element #5, dual-polarized antenna element #6, dual-polarized antenna element #7, dual-polarized antenna element #8, dual-polarized antenna element #9, dual-polarized antenna element #10, dual-polarized antenna element #11, dual-polarized antenna element #12, dual-polarized antenna element #13, and dual-polarized antenna element #4. Unit #14, Dual-polarized antenna unit #15, Dual-polarized antenna unit #16, Dual-polarized antenna unit #17, Dual-polarized antenna unit #18, Dual-polarized antenna unit #19, Dual-polarized antenna unit #20, Dual-polarized antenna unit #21, Dual-polarized antenna unit #22, Dual-polarized antenna unit #23, Dual-polarized antenna unit #24, Dual-polarized antenna unit #25, Dual-polarized antenna unit #26, Dual-polarized antenna unit #27, Dual-polarized antenna unit #28 Dual-polarized antenna elements #29, #30, #31, and #32; 32 decoupling units corresponding to these 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are designated as decoupling unit #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9, #10, #11, and #12, respectively. Decoupling unit #13, Decoupling unit #14, Decoupling unit #15, Decoupling unit #16, Decoupling unit #17, Decoupling unit #18, Decoupling unit #19, Decoupling unit #20, Decoupling unit #21, Decoupling unit #22, Decoupling unit #23, Decoupling unit #24, Decoupling unit #25, Decoupling unit #26, Decoupling unit #27, Decoupling unit #28, Decoupling unit #29, Decoupling unit #30, Decoupling unit #31, Decoupling unit #32.

[0170] Among them, decoupling unit #1 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #1, decoupling unit #2 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #2, decoupling unit #3 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #3, and so on. The correspondence between the remaining decoupling units and dual-polarized antenna units can be deduced in the same way, and will not be elaborated further.

[0171] The following description uses decoupling unit #1 and dual-polarized antenna unit #1 as examples to illustrate the spatial relationship between the decoupling unit and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna unit in the antenna of this application embodiment. It should be understood that the spatial relationship between the remaining decoupling units and their corresponding dual-polarized antenna units is the same as that between decoupling unit #1 and dual-polarized antenna unit #1, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] The projection of the geometric center of the decoupling unit #1 on the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction can have a distance less than or equal to threshold #1 from the projection of the geometric center of the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 on the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction. The value of the threshold #1 can be as small as possible, so that the radiation of the antenna has better symmetry in space and is easier to manufacture.

[0173] In some possible implementation manners, the decoupling unit includes a plurality of second metal sheets and a plurality of third metal sheets. There is a gap between every two of the plurality of second metal sheets. The plurality of third metal sheets are arranged in a "field" shape and there is a gap between two adjacent third metal sheets. The second metal sheets are disposed in the gaps.

[0174] Exemplarily, there is a gap between the second metal sheet and the third metal sheet of the decoupling unit.

[0175] The gap between every two second metal sheets, the gap between two adjacent third metal sheets, or the gap between the second metal sheet and the third metal sheet can reduce resonance.

[0176] As Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the projection of the dual-polarized antenna unit and the decoupling unit applicable to the embodiment of the present application on the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, the projection on the plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction). The distance between the geometric center of the projection of the second metal sheet of the decoupling unit #1 and the geometric center of the projection of the two cross-set antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 is less than or equal to threshold #1. The projection of the second metal sheet of the decoupling unit #1 presents a plurality of polygons that are perpendicular to each other and cross-set. The projection of the two cross-set antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 presents a cross shape. Along the first direction, the projection of the second metal sheet of the decoupling unit #1 on the plane where the reflector is located (or on the plane parallel to the plane where the reflector is located) and the projection of the two cross-set antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 on the plane where the reflector is located (or on the plane parallel to the plane where the reflector is located) are approximately overlapped. The value of the threshold #1 can be as small as possible, so that the radiation of the antenna has better symmetry in space and is easier to manufacture.

[0177] Since along the first direction, the second metal sheet and the cross-set antenna elements are corresponding and the projections are overlapped, the second metal sheet can better reflect the signals radiated by the antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna unit.

[0178] Exemplarily, the antenna includes m*N' dual-polarized antenna units and m*Q' decoupling units. m is the number of rows in which the plurality of dual-polarized antenna units are arranged. m, N', and Q' are all positive integers. The Q' decoupling units correspond to N' dual-polarized antenna units, and Q' = N' - 1.

[0179] For example, the antenna may include two dual-polarized antenna elements and one decoupling element, with the two dual-polarized antenna elements arranged in a row along the second direction, and the one decoupling element corresponding to the two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the antenna may include three dual-polarized antenna elements and two decoupling elements, with the three dual-polarized antenna elements arranged in a row along the second direction, and the two decoupling elements corresponding to the three dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the antenna may include four dual-polarized antenna elements and three decoupling elements, with the four dual-polarized antenna elements arranged in a row along the second direction, and the three decoupling elements corresponding to the four dual-polarized antenna elements... and so on. Other cases can be deduced similarly, and will not be elaborated further.

[0180] For example, antenna 200 has N dual-polarized antenna elements and (N-8) decoupling elements. The N dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in 8 rows, and each decoupling element corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements in the (N-8) decoupling elements.

[0181] For example, N = 32. It should be understood that in the case of N ≠ 32, the spatial relationship between the decoupling unit and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna unit is similar, and can be referred to the description in the case of N = 32, which will not be repeated here.

[0182] For ease of description, the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are respectively labeled as dual-polarized antenna element #1, dual-polarized antenna element #2, dual-polarized antenna element #3, dual-polarized antenna element #4, dual-polarized antenna element #5, dual-polarized antenna element #6, dual-polarized antenna element #7, dual-polarized antenna element #8, dual-polarized antenna element #9, dual-polarized antenna element #10, dual-polarized antenna element #11, dual-polarized antenna element #12, dual-polarized antenna element #13, dual-polarized antenna element #14, dual-polarized antenna element #15, dual-polarized antenna element #16, dual-polarized antenna element #17, dual-polarized antenna element #18, dual-polarized antenna element #19, dual-polarized antenna element #20, dual-polarized antenna element #21, dual-polarized antenna element #22, dual-polarized antenna element #23, dual-polarized antenna element #24, dual-polarized antenna element #25, etc. Polarized antenna element #26, dual-polarized antenna element #27, dual-polarized antenna element #28, dual-polarized antenna element #29, dual-polarized antenna element #30, dual-polarized antenna element #31, dual-polarized antenna element #32; the 24 decoupling units corresponding one-to-one with the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are respectively denoted as decoupling unit #1, decoupling unit #2, decoupling unit #3, decoupling unit #4, decoupling unit #5, decoupling unit #6, decoupling unit #7, decoupling unit #8, decoupling unit #9, decoupling unit #10, decoupling unit #11, decoupling unit #12, decoupling unit #13, decoupling unit #14, decoupling unit #15, decoupling unit #16, decoupling unit #17, decoupling unit #18, decoupling unit #19, decoupling unit #20, decoupling unit #21, decoupling unit #22, decoupling unit #23, decoupling unit #24.

[0183] Among them, decoupling unit #1 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #1 and dual-polarized antenna unit #2, decoupling unit #2 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #2 and dual-polarized antenna unit #3, decoupling unit #3 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #3 and dual-polarized antenna unit #4, decoupling unit #4 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna unit #5 and dual-polarized antenna unit #6, and so on. The correspondence between the remaining decoupling units and the dual-polarized antenna units can be deduced in this way, and will not be elaborated further.

[0184] The following description uses decoupling unit #1 and dual-polarized antenna unit #1 as examples to illustrate the spatial relationship between the decoupling unit and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna unit in the antenna of this application embodiment. It should be understood that the spatial relationship between the remaining decoupling units and their corresponding dual-polarized antenna units is the same as that between decoupling unit #1 and dual-polarized antenna unit #1, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] The projection of the geometric center of decoupling unit #1 onto the plane formed by the second and third directions can be less than or equal to the projection of the midpoint of the line connecting the geometric centers of dual-polarized antenna units #2 and #3 onto the plane formed by the second and third directions. This threshold #2 can be set as small as possible to improve the spatial symmetry of the antenna radiation and facilitate fabrication.

[0186] In some possible implementations, the distance D2 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction is within the fifth numerical range, which is: [0.35×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0187] In some possible implementations, the distance D3 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the third direction is within the sixth numerical range, which is: [0.30×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction.

[0188] For example, the distance D2 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction satisfies: D2 = 0.4 × C ÷ X mm, and the first and second directions are perpendicular; and / or, the distance D3 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the third direction satisfies: D3 = 0.33 × C ÷ X mm, and the first, second, and third directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0189] In the embodiments of this application, D2 satisfying: D2=0.4×C÷X mm can be substituted for D2≈0.4×C÷X and expresses the same meaning; and / or, D3 satisfying: D3=0.33×C÷X mm can be substituted for D3≈0.33×C÷X mm and expresses the same meaning. No restrictions are imposed on this.

[0190] For example, the distance between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction is 150 mm.

[0191] like Figure 4 As shown, along the second direction, dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #2 are adjacent, and the distance between the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #1 and the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #2 is 150mm.

[0192] For example, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements is 125 mm along a third direction.

[0193] like Figure 4As shown, along the third direction, dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #6 are adjacent, and the distance between the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #1 and the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #6 along the third direction is 125mm.

[0194] Along the third direction, it can also be understood that dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #5 are adjacent, and the distance between the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #1 and the geometric center of dual-polarized antenna element #5 along the third direction is 250mm.

[0195] For example, the antenna has a length of 600 mm along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; along the second direction, the antenna includes 4 columns of dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0196] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna is 600mm long along the second direction; the antenna is equipped with 4 columns and 8 rows of dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0197] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the decoupling layer applicable to the embodiments of this application onto the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction (or, in other words, onto a plane parallel to the plane composed of the second direction and the third direction). Figure 6 An example showing a one-to-one correspondence between multiple dual-polarized antenna elements and multiple decoupling elements.

[0198] In some possible implementations, the second metal sheet is a square or rectangular metal sheet (e.g. Figure 6 The decoupling unit shown is #A); or, the second metal sheet is a square or T-shaped metal sheet (such as...). Figure 6 The decoupling unit shown is #B); the third metal sheet is a square metal sheet.

[0199] Figure 6 The portion without black fill can be a media plate.

[0200] The decoupling unit corresponding to the two dual-polarized antenna elements can have the same characteristics as... Figure 6 The decoupling unit #A or decoupling unit #B shown has the same structure.

[0201] like Figure 4 As shown, multiple dual-polarized antenna elements are staggered along the second direction, where P1, P2, P3, and P4 represent antenna ports 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Each port radiates a different radiation pattern. P1 and P3 represent 45° polarization, and P2 and P4 represent -45° polarization.

[0202] Along the second direction, adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements exhibit strong coupling due to their close proximity. To reduce this coupling, a decoupling structure can be implemented.

[0203] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a decoupled structure applicable to embodiments of this application.

[0204] In some possible implementations, the antenna also includes multiple decoupling structures. The decoupling structures, the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction. The dual-polarized antenna element layer is located between the decoupling structures and the dielectric layer. The decoupling structure includes multiple non-interconnected metal baffles. Each decoupling structure corresponds to one of the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0205] For example, some / all of the decoupled structures in the multiple decoupling structures correspond one-to-one with some / all of the dual-polarized antenna elements in the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0206] For example, a portion of the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures may correspond one-to-one with a portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, while another portion of the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures may not satisfy a one-to-one correspondence with another portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements; or, the number of decoupling structures may be greater than the number of dual-polarized antenna elements, and a portion of the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures may correspond one-to-one with all the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, while another portion of the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures may not satisfy a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures may correspond one-to-one with all the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0207] For example, a portion of the decoupling structures in a plurality of decoupling structures and a portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; another portion of the decoupling structures in the plurality of decoupling structures and another portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements. Alternatively, all the decoupling structures in the plurality of decoupling structures and a portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; all the decoupling structures in the plurality of decoupling structures and another portion of the dual-polarized antenna elements in the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the following: each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; Some dual-polarized antenna elements do not satisfy the condition that each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements; or, some decoupling structures in multiple decoupling structures satisfy the condition that each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements in multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. Another part of the decoupling structures in multiple decoupling structures does not satisfy the condition that each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements in multiple dual-polarized antenna elements; or, all decoupling structures in multiple decoupling structures satisfy the condition that each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 dual-polarized antenna elements in multiple dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0208] For ease of description, the following describes possible implementations of the embodiments of this application in detail, taking as an example that all decoupled structures in a plurality of decoupled structures correspond one-to-one with all dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, or that all decoupled structures in a plurality of decoupled structures correspond to all dual-polarized antenna elements in a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, wherein each decoupled structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0209] The decoupling structure consists of multiple non-connected metal baffles, and the number of decoupling structures can be equal to the number of dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0210] For example, the antenna includes N dual-polarized antenna elements and N decoupling structures, with each of the N decoupling structures corresponding to one of the N dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0211] For example, an antenna may consist of two dual-polarized antenna elements and two decoupling structures, with each decoupling structure corresponding to one of the two dual-polarized antenna elements; or, an antenna may consist of three dual-polarized antenna elements and three decoupling structures, with each decoupling structure corresponding to one of the three dual-polarized antenna elements; or, an antenna may consist of four dual-polarized antenna elements and four decoupling structures, with each decoupling structure corresponding to one of the four dual-polarized antenna elements... and so on. Other cases can be deduced similarly, and will not be elaborated further.

[0212] The following example uses N=32. It should be understood that when N≠32, the spatial relationship between the decoupling structure and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna element is similar, and can be referred to the description when N=32, which will not be repeated here.

[0213] For ease of description, the 32 decoupling structures, each consisting of multiple non-connected metal baffles, corresponding one-to-one with the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements, are respectively designated as metal baffle structure #1, metal baffle structure #2, metal baffle structure #3, metal baffle structure #4, metal baffle structure #5, metal baffle structure #6, metal baffle structure #7, metal baffle structure #8, metal baffle structure #9, metal baffle structure #10, metal baffle structure #11, metal baffle structure #12, metal baffle structure #13, and metal baffle structure #14. Metal baffle structure #15, Metal baffle structure #16, Metal baffle structure #17, Metal baffle structure #18, Metal baffle structure #19, Metal baffle structure #20, Metal baffle structure #21, Metal baffle structure #22, Metal baffle structure #23, Metal baffle structure #24, Metal baffle structure #25, Metal baffle structure #26, Metal baffle structure #27, Metal baffle structure #28, Metal baffle structure #29, Metal baffle structure #30, Metal baffle structure #31, Metal baffle structure #32.

[0214] It should be understood that the metal baffle structure #1 corresponds to the dual-polarized antenna element #1, the metal baffle structure #2 corresponds to the dual-polarized antenna element #2, the metal baffle structure #3 corresponds to the dual-polarized antenna element #3, and so on. The correspondence between the other metal baffle structures and dual-polarized antenna elements can be deduced in this way, and will not be elaborated further.

[0215] The following description uses metal baffle structure #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #1 as examples to illustrate the spatial relationship between the metal baffle structure and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna element in the antenna of this application embodiment. It should be understood that the spatial relationship between the other metal baffle structures and their corresponding dual-polarized antenna elements is the same as that between metal baffle structure #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #1, and will not be repeated here.

[0216] The distance between the projection of the geometric center of the metal baffle structure #1 corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna element #1 onto the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction) and the projection of the geometric center of the dual-polarized antenna element #1 onto the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction) is less than or equal to a threshold #3. This threshold #3 can be taken as small as possible to improve the spatial symmetry of the antenna radiation and facilitate fabrication.

[0217] In some possible implementations, multiple non-interconnected metal baffles have different shapes.

[0218] For example, among multiple non-interconnected metal baffles, the metal baffle parallel to the second direction is a rectangular plate, and the metal baffle parallel to the third direction is a rhomboid plate.

[0219] In some possible implementations, multiple non-interconnected metal baffles of different sizes are used.

[0220] For example, among multiple non-interconnected metal baffles, the maximum side length of the metal baffle parallel to the second direction is greater than or less than the maximum side length of the metal baffle parallel to the third direction.

[0221] In some possible implementations, multiple non-interconnected metal baffles have the same shape.

[0222] For example, multiple non-interconnected metal baffles are all square plates.

[0223] In some possible implementations, multiple non-interconnected metal baffles are of the same size.

[0224] For example, the multiple non-interconnected metal baffles are all rectangular plates; along the first direction, the height of the metal baffle is 55mm; along the second direction, the length of the metal baffle is 80mm.

[0225] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the decoupled structure applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0226] In some possible implementations, the antenna also includes multiple decoupling structures. The decoupling structures, the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction. The dual-polarized antenna element layer is located between the decoupling structures and the dielectric layer. The decoupling structure includes a metal probe, and each decoupling structure corresponds to two dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0227] The decoupling structure includes a metal probe along the second direction. The number of decoupling structures Q' in each row can satisfy the following condition with the number of dual-polarized antenna elements N': Q' = N' - 1.

[0228] For example, the antenna includes m*N' dual-polarized antenna elements and m*Q' decoupling structures, where m is the number of rows of the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements, and m, N', and Q' are all positive integers. The Q' decoupling structures correspond to N' dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0229] For example, the antenna may consist of two dual-polarized antenna elements and one decoupling structure. The two dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a row along the second direction, and the one decoupling structure corresponds to the two dual-polarized antenna elements. Alternatively, the antenna may consist of three dual-polarized antenna elements and two decoupling structures. The three dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a row along the second direction, and the two decoupling structures correspond to the three dual-polarized antenna elements. Or, the antenna may consist of four dual-polarized antenna elements and three decoupling structures. The four dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a row along the second direction, and the three decoupling structures correspond to the four dual-polarized antenna elements. And so on. Other cases can be deduced similarly, and will not be elaborated further. For example, consider an antenna array with N = m * N' = 32, N dual-polarized antenna elements forming an 8x4 array, and N dual-polarized antenna elements corresponding to (N-8) decoupling structures including metal probes. It should be understood that when N≠32, the spatial relationship between the metal probe structure and its corresponding dual-polarized antenna element is similar, and can be referred to the description when N=32, which will not be repeated here.

[0230] For ease of description, the 24 decoupling structures, including metal probes, corresponding to the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are respectively designated as metal probe structure #1, metal probe structure #2, metal probe structure #3, metal probe structure #4, metal probe structure #5, metal probe structure #6, metal probe structure #7, metal probe structure #8, metal probe structure #9, metal probe structure #10, metal probe structure #11, metal probe structure #12, metal probe structure #13, metal probe structure #14, metal probe structure #15, metal probe structure #16, metal probe structure #17, metal probe structure #18, metal probe structure #19, metal probe structure #20, metal probe structure #21, metal probe structure #22, metal probe structure #23, and metal probe structure #24.

[0231] It should be understood that metal probe structure #1 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna element #1 and dual-polarized antenna element #2; metal probe structure #2 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna element #2 and dual-polarized antenna element #3; metal probe structure #3 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna element #3 and dual-polarized antenna element #4; metal probe structure #4 corresponds to dual-polarized antenna element #5 and dual-polarized antenna element #6... The correspondence between the remaining metal probe structures and dual-polarized antenna elements can be deduced in this way, and will not be elaborated further.

[0232] The following description uses metal probe structure #1 and dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2 as examples to illustrate the spatial relationship between the metal probe structures and their corresponding dual-polarized antenna elements in the antenna embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the spatial relationships between the remaining metal probe structures and their corresponding dual-polarized antenna elements are the same as the first spatial relationship, which refers to the spatial relationship between metal probe structure #1 and dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2. Further details will not be provided here.

[0233] The distance between the geometric center of the metal probe structure #1 corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2, projected onto the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, projected onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction), and the first center, is less than or equal to a threshold #4. The first center is the projection of the center of the line connecting the geometric centers of the dual-polarized antenna elements #1 and #2 onto the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, projected onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction). The value of this threshold #4 can be as small as possible to improve the spatial symmetry of the antenna radiation and facilitate fabrication.

[0234] Alternatively, it can be understood that the metal probe structure #1 corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 and the dual-polarized antenna unit #2 is set at the projection of the junction of the dual-polarized antenna unit #1 and the dual-polarized antenna unit #2 on the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction (or, the projection on the plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction), where the first plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0235] In some possible implementations, at least the two metal probes have different heights.

[0236] For example, metal probe structure #1 and metal probe structure #2 have different heights.

[0237] In some possible implementations, the metal probes are all the same height.

[0238] For example, the heights of the 24 decoupling structures, including metal probes, corresponding to the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements are all the same.

[0239] In some possible implementations, at least two metal probes have different shapes.

[0240] For example, metal probe structure #1 is cylindrical and metal probe structure #2 is cuboid.

[0241] In some possible implementations, the metal probes have the same shape.

[0242] For example, the 24 decoupling structures, including metal probes, corresponding to the 32 dual-polarized antenna elements described above all have the same shape.

[0243] For example, in decoupled structures including metal probes, the metal probes are all cuboids.

[0244] By setting a metal probe between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction as a decoupling structure, the E-plane coupling can be significantly reduced, achieving a decoupling effect similar to or the same as that of a metal baffle.

[0245] If the decoupling structure includes a metal probe with a certain height along the first direction, the height of the metal probe needs to be adjusted. An unreasonable height of the metal probe can introduce abnormal resonant points, causing the performance of the antenna at certain frequency points to deteriorate.

[0246] like Figure 8 As shown, the antenna may also include a feeding structure for feeding the dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0247] For example, the height of the metal probe is 60 mm along the first direction.

[0248] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 900 applicable to an embodiment of this application. Antenna 900 is a possible implementation of antenna 200.

[0249] Antenna 900 includes a reflector, a decoupling structure, a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer. The reflector, decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna element layer, dielectric layer, and decoupling layer are stacked sequentially along a first direction. The decoupling structure is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the reflector. The dual-polarized antenna element layer is located between the decoupling structure and the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer. The reflector and decoupling structure are used to reflect signals transmitted by multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. The dual-polarized antenna element layer includes multiple dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals. The dielectric layer is used to reflect a portion of the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements, and the dielectric layer allows another portion of the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements to pass through. The decoupling layer is used to reflect the other portion of the signals.

[0250] An example is the decoupled structure and the reflector electrically connected.

[0251] For example, the decoupled structure and the reflector are connected along a first direction.

[0252] In some possible implementations, along the first direction, the height H1 of the decoupled structure is within a first numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.20×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0253] In some possible implementations, the antenna also includes a reflector. The reflector, decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna element layer, dielectric layer and decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction. The decoupling structure is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the reflector. The reflector is used to reflect the signals transmitted by multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. Along the first direction, the height H2 of the dual-polarized antenna element from the reflector is within a second numerical range. The second numerical range is: [0.15×C÷X, 0.30×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0254] For example, along the first direction, the height H1 of the decoupling structure satisfies: H1 = 0.16 × C ÷ X mm, where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency; and / or, the antenna further includes a reflector, the reflector, the decoupling structure, the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along the first direction, the decoupling structure is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the reflector, the reflector is used to reflect the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements, and along the first direction, the height H2 of the dual-polarized antenna element from the reflector satisfies: H2 = 0.25 × C ÷ X mm, where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0255] In the embodiments of this application, H1 satisfying: H1=0.16×C÷X mm can be substituted for H1 satisfying: H1≈0.16×C÷X mm and expresses the same meaning; and / or, H2 satisfying: H2=0.25×C÷X mm can be substituted for H2 satisfying: H2≈0.25×C÷X mm and expresses the same meaning. No restrictions are imposed in this regard.

[0256] In some possible implementations, the distance H3 between the dielectric layer and the dual-polarized antenna element along the first direction is within a third numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.15×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0257] In some possible implementations, the distance H4 between the decoupling layer and the dual-polarized antenna element along the first direction is within a fourth numerical range, which is: [0.10×C÷X, 0.40×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0258] For example, along the first direction, the distance H3 between the dielectric layer and the dual-polarized antenna element satisfies: H3 = 0.1 × C ÷ X mm, where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency; and / or, along the first direction, the distance H4 between the decoupling layer and the dual-polarized antenna element satisfies: H4 = 0.3 × C ÷ X mm, where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

[0259] In the embodiments of this application, H3 satisfying: H3=0.1×C÷X mm can be substituted for H3 satisfying: H3≈0.1×C÷X mm and expresses the same meaning; and / or, H4 satisfying: H4=0.3×C÷X mm can be substituted for H4 satisfying: H4≈0.3×C÷X mm and expresses the same meaning. No restrictions are imposed in this regard.

[0260] For example, X is 800MHz.

[0261] In some possible implementations, the phase difference between the signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer and the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements is not equal to 2nπ, where n is an integer.

[0262] Figure 9 The specific implementation of the antenna 900 shown can be referred to the aforementioned Figures 2 to 8 There are several possible implementation methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0263] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna 900 with a decoupled structure comprising multiple non-interconnected metal baffles.

[0264] like Figure 10 As shown, the antenna includes a reflector, a decoupling structure, a dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, and a decoupling layer. The reflector, decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna element layer, dielectric layer, and decoupling layer are stacked sequentially along a first direction. The antenna also includes a feeding structure for feeding the dual-polarized antenna elements of the dual-polarized antenna element layer.

[0265] Figure 10 The specific implementation of the antenna shown can be referred to the above. Figures 2 to 9 There are several possible implementation methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0266] like Figure 9 or Figure 10 The antenna structure shown can improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference between multiple users within a limited antenna aperture. This will be explained in detail later.

[0267] like Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the signal between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements applicable to embodiments of this application onto a plane formed by the second direction and the first direction (or, the projection onto a plane parallel to the plane formed by the second direction and the first direction).

[0268] The decoupling structure serves two purposes: firstly, it corrects the radiation pattern of the corresponding dual-polarized antenna element, reducing reflected signals behind the antenna and improving antenna gain; secondly, it also generates reflected signals to adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements. The dielectric layer also generates a weak reflected signal to adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements; simultaneously, this weak reflected signal to adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements will continue to generate secondary reflection signals at the separated elements under the influence of the high-dielectric dielectric layer. The decoupling layer also generates a weak reflected signal for signals penetrating the dielectric layer. This weak reflected signal further reduces the coupling between adjacent elements and also cancels the secondary reflection signal generated by the dielectric layer, reducing the coupling between separated dual-polarized antenna elements.

[0269] In some possible implementations, the phase difference between the signals reflected by the decoupling layer and the dielectric layer and the signals transmitted by the multiple dual-polarized antenna elements is not equal to 2nπ, where n is an integer.

[0270] For example, to achieve better decoupling, the amplitude of the reflected signal can be changed by adjusting the size of the decoupling structure, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the decoupling unit of the decoupling layer, so that the amplitude of the vector superposition of the directly coupled signal and the multiple reflected signals is equal; and / or, the phase difference between the vector superposition of the directly coupled signal and the multiple reflected signals can be made by adjusting the height of the decoupling structure, the height of the dielectric layer, and the height of the decoupling layer, so that the phase difference between the vector superposition of the directly coupled signal and the multiple reflected signals is (2n-1)π, where n is an integer.

[0271] In one possible implementation, the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements include a second dual-polarized antenna element and at least one first dual-polarized antenna element, the second dual-polarized antenna element and at least one first dual-polarized antenna element being adjacent; the coupled signal radiated by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element to the second dual-polarized antenna element satisfies: the mode of the coupled signal is equal to the mode of the decoupled signal; and / or, the phase of the coupled signal differs from the phase of the decoupled signal by (2n-1)π, the decoupled signal including at least one of the following: a signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna element, and a signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by at least one decoupling structure corresponding to at least one first dual-polarized antenna element; a portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer; or, another portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling layer.

[0272] In one possible implementation, at least one first dual-polarized antenna element radiates a coupled signal to a second dual-polarized antenna element. satisfy:

[0273]

[0274] Where || represents the modulus. This represents a portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer. This represents another portion of the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling layer, where angle represents the phase of the signal. The signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna element, and the signal transmitted by at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by at least one decoupling structure corresponding to at least one first dual-polarized antenna element.

[0275] The decoupling structure includes multiple non-interconnected metal baffles. It can also be expressed as Decoupling structures include metal probes. It can also be expressed as This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0276] For example, dual-polarized antenna element #1 serves as a second dual-polarized antenna element, and dual-polarized antenna elements #2 and #5 serve as at least one first dual-polarized antenna element; dual-polarized antenna element #5 serves as a second dual-polarized antenna element, and dual-polarized antenna elements #1, #6, and #9 serve as at least one first dual-polarized antenna element; dual-polarized antenna element #6 serves as a second dual-polarized antenna element, and dual-polarized antenna elements #2, #5, #10, and #7 serve as at least one first dual-polarized antenna element.

[0277] When the geometric center spacing of adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction is 150mm, if two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction are arranged side-by-side (the line connecting the geometric centers of the two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction is parallel to the second direction; the antenna does not include decoupling structures, dielectric layers, and decoupling layers), the coupling between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements in the same polarization direction within the range of 690–960MHz is |S 31 | / |S 42 |Approximately -8.5 dB, the coupling between adjacent elements with different polarization directions is |S 41 | / |S 32|Approximately -9.4 dB. The coupling between different polarization directions of the same dual-polarization antenna element is |S 21 | / |S 43 |Approximately -10dB. Coupling between different ports is quite severe; if two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction are misaligned (the line connecting the geometric centers of two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction intersects the second direction; the antenna does not include decoupling structures, dielectric layers, and decoupling layers), |S 31 |Approximately -9.8dB,|S 42 | is -15.6dB, |S 21 The value is -25dB. This demonstrates that using a staggered arrangement can reduce coupling.

[0278] Using a staggered arrangement, when set as follows Figure 7 The decoupling structure shown (the antenna decoupling structure includes four metal baffles with a height of 55 mm and a length of 80 mm along the first direction), the dielectric layer (the dielectric layer is a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 20.5), and the decoupling layer (the structure of the decoupling layer is as follows) Figure 6 As shown), |S 31 | is -18.6dB, |S 42 | is -25dB, |S 21 The value is -29dB.

[0279] Using a staggered arrangement, when set as follows Figure 7 The decoupling structure shown (the antenna decoupling structure includes four metal baffles with a height of 55 mm and a length of 80 mm along the first direction), and the dielectric layer (the structure of the dielectric layer is as follows) Figure 3 As shown, the dielectric layer has multiple first metal sheets in square shape, each measuring 13.3mm x 13.3mm; and the spacing between any two adjacent first metal sheets along the second and third directions is 6.7mm. The decoupling layer (the structure of the decoupling layer is shown in the diagram) and a decoupling layer (the structure of the decoupling layer is shown in the diagram) are also shown. Figure 6 As shown), a full-wave simulation of the antenna was performed in the range of 690–960 MHz, |S 31 | is -20dB, |S 42 | is -26dB, |S 21 The value is -29dB.

[0280] Using a staggered arrangement, when set as follows Figure 8 The decoupling structure shown includes a metal probe for the antenna, a dielectric layer (the dielectric layer is a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 20.5), and a decoupling layer (the structure of the decoupling layer is shown below). Figure 6 As shown), a full-wave simulation of the antenna was performed in the range of 690–960 MHz, |S 31 | is -20dB, |S 42| is -28.4 dB, | S 21 The value is -29dB.

[0281] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation result applicable to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 4 The 4x4 array shown includes multiple dual-polarized antenna elements. Each polarization direction of each dual-polarized antenna element is connected to a port. The port is simulated, and the simulation results are as follows. Figure 12 As shown, the impedance matching bandwidth basically covers 690~960MHz, and the coupling is less than -19.4dB in the wide bandwidth range.

[0282] Figure 13 This is another simulation result diagram applicable to the embodiments of this application. A column of four antenna elements with the same polarization direction are connected together using a 1-to-4 power divider with equal amplitude and phase, transforming the original 32 ports into 8 ports (e.g., ...). Figure 6 As shown in the figure, where C1 to C8 represent ports 1 to 8 after synthesis, the ports are simulated, and the simulation results are as follows. Figure 13 As shown. The impedance matching after port synthesis is similar to that before synthesis, but the isolation at the edge frequencies deteriorates to varying degrees, while the coupling within the bandwidth is still above -16.5dB and below -20dB in the mid-band.

[0283] Figure 14 This is a radiation pattern of an antenna port applicable to embodiments of this application. The radiation pattern of the antenna port along the plane defined by the first direction and the second direction is shown below. Figure 14 As shown, it can be seen that due to the edge effect, port 1 is less affected by adjacent cells, so its pattern gain is higher than that of port 3.

[0284] The antenna provided in this application embodiment, when the spacing between dual-polarized antenna elements is less than half a wavelength, introduces multiple reflected signals through a dielectric layer, a decoupling layer, and a decoupling structure. These signals cancel out the coupling signals generated between adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements in the broadband range, thereby improving the broadband in-port isolation by more than 10dB, which is more than 30%.

[0285] like Figure 4The dual-polarized antenna elements shown can be connected to the same RF channel via a power divider and a phase shifter. Multiple antenna elements are combined into a single port and connected to the RF channel through the power divider and phase shifter. These multiple dual-polarized antenna elements can form a regular subarray from a single column, or an irregular subarray from different columns or rows. In the case of a regular subarray composed of a single column of dual-polarized antenna elements, the dual-polarized antenna elements are connected to the phase shifter. By adjusting the phase of the phase shifter, the vertical beam downtilt angle is changed, thereby achieving better coverage of the cell. The wireless signal is transmitted to the antenna via the RF channel and then radiated into space by the antenna. For example, a configuration of 4 transmit (T) channels and 8 receive (R) channels (4T8R) or 8 transmit channels and 8 receive channels (8T8R) can be implemented along the second direction, with the antenna ports of each column of 8 antennas connected to the RF ports via a 1-to-8 power divider; alternatively, a configuration of 8 transmit channels and 16 receive channels (8T16R) or 16 transmit channels and 16 receive channels (16T16R) can be implemented along the second direction, with the antenna ports of each column of 8 antennas connected to the RF ports via a 1-to-4 power divider; each polarization direction of the dual-polarized antenna element in each column corresponds to 2 channels, and each column of dual-polarized antenna elements corresponds to 4 channels. By configuring different precoding in the baseband, digital beamforming or MIMO functions can be implemented. For digital beamforming, the beam can be directed to users in different locations, thereby increasing the received signal strength of users during downlink transmission. For MIMO functions, this includes enabling data transmission of 2 or more streams to a single user, or simultaneously enabling data transmission of multiple users on the same frequency. The configuration of the transmit and / or receive channels, the power divider configuration, or the connection between the antenna port and the RF port can be found in relevant technical specifications; the configuration of the transmit and / or receive channels can also be determined based on the capabilities of the RRU. Further details will not be provided here.

[0286] The antenna provided in this application embodiment increases the number of transmission and reception channels compared to the traditional antenna with 2 or 4 transmission channels and 4 reception channels, while ensuring the isolation between each channel, thus enhancing the base station's capabilities in situations where the rooftop is limited.

[0287] In some possible implementations, embodiments of this application also provide a communication device, which includes an antenna as described in any of the possible implementations above.

[0288] In some possible implementations, the communication device also includes a radio frequency module or radio frequency unit connected to the antenna.

[0289] In some possible implementations, the communication device is a base station.

[0290] like Figure 15 As shown, Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless system applicable to an embodiment of this application.

[0291] In any of the above possible implementations, the antenna is part of the wireless system. The wireless system may also include at least one of the following: a baseband module, a radio frequency (RF) module, and a phase-shifting power divider network. The baseband module primarily performs baseband data processing, including encoding, modulation, and MIMO mapping. The RF module is mainly responsible for converting the baseband signal to an RF signal and performing a series of amplification and filtering operations to ensure that the output signal's power, bandwidth, and spurious level meet system requirements. The phase-shifting power divider network primarily maps the RF channel signal onto the antenna. The phase-shifting power divider network can be a 1-to-M power divider or may include phase shifters to achieve electrical downtilt or beam scanning effects, changing the beam direction to achieve better coverage of the cell. M is an integer greater than 1.

[0292] In some possible implementations, embodiments of this application also provide a system comprising a communication device consisting of antennas as described in any of the possible implementations above.

[0293] In the embodiments of this application, the first metal sheet, second metal sheet, third metal sheet, reflector, decoupling structure, and power feeding structure are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate, and aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will understand that any of the first metal sheet, second metal sheet, third metal sheet, reflector, decoupling structure, and power feeding structure in the embodiments of this application may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0294] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0295] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed electronic devices and apparatuses can be implemented in other ways. For example, the base station apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0296] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0297] In addition, the functional modules in the embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0298] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, Comprising: A dual-polarized antenna element layer, a dielectric layer, a decoupling layer, The dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along a first direction; The dielectric layer is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the decoupling layer; The dual-polarized antenna element layer includes a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements for transmitting signals; The dielectric layer is used to reflect a part of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements, and the dielectric layer can transmit another part of the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements; The decoupling layer is used to reflect the other part of the signals.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The dielectric constant ε of the dielectric layer satisfies ε≥5; or, The dielectric layer includes a plurality of first metal sheets, the plurality of first metal sheets are arranged along a second direction and a third direction, and the distance D1 between the geometric centers of every two adjacent first metal sheets in the plurality of first metal sheets satisfies: D1≤0.5×C÷X mm, C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a staggered manner along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; The decoupling layer includes one or more decoupling units; The plurality of decoupling units satisfy: the plurality of decoupling units correspond to the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements one by one; or, The one or more decoupling units satisfy: each decoupling unit corresponds to 2 of the dual-polarized antenna elements.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein The decoupling unit includes a plurality of second metal sheets and a plurality of third metal sheets, the plurality of third metal sheets are arranged in a "field" shape and there is a gap between two adjacent third metal sheets, and the second metal sheet is disposed in the gap.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The antenna further includes one or more decoupling structures, the decoupling structures, the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along the first direction, and the dual-polarized antenna element layer is located between the decoupling structure and the dielectric layer; The decoupling structure includes a plurality of non-connected metal baffles, and the plurality of decoupling structures correspond to the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements one by one; and / or, The decoupling structure includes 1 metal probe, and each decoupling structure corresponds to 2 of the dual-polarized antenna elements.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein The plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements include a second dual-polarized antenna element and at least one first dual-polarized antenna element, and the second dual-polarized antenna element and the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element are adjacent; The coupling signal radiated by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element to the second dual-polarized antenna element satisfies: The modulus of the coupling signal is equal to the modulus of the decoupling signal; and / or, The phase difference between the coupling signal and the decoupling signal is (2n-1)π, where n is an integer, and the decoupling signal includes at least one of the following: The signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna unit, and the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit reflected by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit corresponding to the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit; A portion of the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer; or... Another portion of the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element is reflected by the decoupling layer.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coupling signal radiated by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element to the second dual-polarized antenna element satisfy: Where || represents the modulus, the This represents a portion of the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the dielectric layer. This represents another portion of the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna element reflected by the decoupling layer, where the angle represents the phase of the signal. This refers to the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit reflected by the decoupling structure corresponding to the second dual-polarized antenna unit, and the signal transmitted by the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit reflected by the at least one decoupling structure corresponding to the at least one first dual-polarized antenna unit.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the height H1 of the decoupling structure falls within a first numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.20×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency; and / or, The antenna further includes a reflector. The reflector, the decoupling structure, the dual-polarized antenna element layer, the dielectric layer, and the decoupling layer are stacked along the first direction. The decoupling structure is located between the dual-polarized antenna element layer and the reflector. The reflector is used to reflect the signals transmitted by the plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements. Along the first direction, the height H2 of the dual-polarized antenna element from the reflector is within a second numerical range. The second numerical range is: [0.15×C÷X, 0.30×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the distance H3 between the dielectric layer and the dual-polarized antenna element falls within a third numerical range, which is: [0.05×C÷X, 0.15×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency; and / or, Along the first direction, the distance H4 between the decoupling layer and the dual-polarized antenna element is within a fourth numerical range, which is: [0.10×C÷X, 0.40×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The distance D2 between the centers of every two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along the second direction falls within a fifth numerical range, which is: [0.35×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light, X represents the frequency, and the first and second directions are perpendicular; and / or, The distance D3 between the centers of each two adjacent dual-polarized antenna elements along a third direction is within a sixth numerical range, which is: [0.30×C÷X, 0.70×C÷X], where C represents the speed of light and X represents the frequency. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

11. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes an antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A system, characterized in that, It includes at least one communication device as described in claim 11.

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