High frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-frequency coaxial connector technology, and more particularly to a high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assemblies. It includes a first insulating mounting base, a second insulating mounting base, at least one male terminal assembly, and at least one female terminal assembly. Both the male and female terminal assemblies include an outer conductor shell, a dielectric insulator, a center contact, a retaining sleeve, and a locking element. The front end of the center contact of the male terminal assembly is a pin structure, and the front end of the center contact of the female terminal assembly is a socket structure. When the first and second insulating mounting bases are mated, the pin structure is inserted into the socket structure. Each male or female terminal assembly can be independently disassembled and replaced from the rear side of its respective insulating mounting base, which helps reduce maintenance costs and improves the convenience of maintenance and reusability of the connector in frequent plugging and unplugging scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-frequency coaxial connector technology, and more particularly to a high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal components. Background Technology

[0002] High-frequency coaxial connectors belong to the field of electrical connector technology and are typically used for the transmission of radio frequency or high-speed signals. They generally include an insulating mounting base, a center contact located within the insulating mounting base, an outer conductor structure surrounding the center contact, and pin and socket structures for mating male and female ends. To ensure high-frequency signal transmission quality, these connectors typically need to simultaneously meet requirements such as reliable contact, continuous shielding, impedance matching, and stable mating.

[0003] However, existing high-frequency coaxial connectors still have the following problems:

[0004] (1) The male and female terminal assemblies in existing connectors are usually fixedly installed in the insulating mounting base. When any terminal assembly is worn, has poor contact or is damaged, it is difficult to disassemble and replace it separately. In actual maintenance, the entire connector often needs to be replaced, which results in high maintenance costs.

[0005] (2) In the case of miniaturization and high-density installation, the existing connector has a relatively compact fixing structure between the terminal assembly and the insulating mounting base, and the space for disassembly and assembly is limited, which is not conducive to the rapid assembly, disassembly and maintenance of a single terminal assembly from the rear of the connector.

[0006] (3) High frequency coaxial connectors have high requirements for the continuity of shielding of the outer conductor. Existing connectors are prone to the problem of discontinuous shielding connection between the shielding layer of the coaxial cable, the outer conductor of the terminal, and the mating position of the male and female terminals, which may affect the stability of high frequency signal transmission.

[0007] (4) High-frequency coaxial connectors have high impedance matching requirements. Existing terminal assemblies are prone to impedance changes at coaxial cable terminations, changes in the diameter of the center contact, changes in the medium, and mating of male and female terminals, which can lead to signal reflection, attenuation, or increased transmission loss.

[0008] (5) When existing connectors are adapted to micro coaxial cables or coaxial cables with different outer diameters, the terminal assembly structure usually needs to be redesigned, making it difficult to ensure that the front end docking position is consistent after the cables of different specifications are assembled, resulting in poor versatility.

[0009] (6) The existing female terminal socket structure is prone to problems such as large insertion force, unstable contact pressure and increased wear of contact parts during frequent insertion and removal, which is not conducive to the connector maintaining stable electrical connection performance in the long term.

[0010] (7) There is still room for improvement in the dielectric continuity and insulation reliability of the existing male and female terminal mating area. Air gaps or dielectric abrupt changes in the mating area may affect impedance continuity and high-frequency signal transmission stability.

[0011] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-frequency coaxial connector with terminal assemblies that can be independently disassembled and replaced, with continuous shielded conductor connections, good impedance matching and impedance transition effects, and adaptability to various coaxial cables. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To at least solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly.

[0013] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0014] A high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assemblies includes a first insulating mounting base, a second insulating mounting base, at least one male terminal assembly, and at least one female terminal assembly. The detachable high-frequency coaxial connector has a front side for mating the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly, and a rear side opposite the front side. The first insulating mounting base has at least one first mounting hole, and the second insulating mounting base has at least one second mounting hole. The male terminal assembly is inserted into the first mounting hole from the rear side of the first insulating mounting base and is detachably fixed to the first insulating mounting base. The female terminal assembly is inserted into the second mounting hole from the rear side of the second insulating mounting base and is detachably fixed to the second insulating mounting base. The male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly... Each terminal assembly includes an outer conductor housing, a dielectric insulator, a center contact, a retaining sleeve, and a locking member. The dielectric insulator is disposed within the outer conductor housing, the center contact passes through the dielectric insulator, and the retaining sleeve extends at least partially into the outer conductor housing and is detachably connected to it. The locking member has a mounting connection portion for engaging with a corresponding first or second mounting hole. The front end of the center contact of the male terminal assembly is a pin structure, and the front end of the center contact of the female terminal assembly is a socket structure. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are mated, the pin structure is inserted into the socket structure. Each male terminal assembly or each female terminal assembly can be independently disassembled and replaced from the rear side of its insulating mounting base.

[0015] By configuring a first insulating mounting base, a second insulating mounting base, a male terminal assembly, and a female terminal assembly, and enabling the male and female terminal assemblies to be inserted, fixed, removed, and replaced from the rear side of their respective insulating mounting bases, this design allows for the replacement of only the corresponding terminal assembly when the connector experiences wear, poor contact, or damage, without requiring the replacement of the entire connector. This structure solves the problem of difficulty in independently maintaining individual terminal assemblies in existing connectors, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving the convenience of maintenance and reusability of the connector in frequent plugging and unplugging scenarios.

[0016] The objective of this invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0017] Furthermore, both the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly are connected to a coaxial cable. The rear end of the center contact is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and the outer conductor housing and / or the retaining sleeve are electrically connected to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are mated, the outer conductor housing of the male terminal assembly is electrically connected to the outer conductor housing of the female terminal assembly, so as to realize the continuous connection of the shielding conductor between the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly.

[0018] By electrically connecting the center contact to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the outer conductor shell and / or retaining sleeve to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable, and simultaneously electrically connecting the outer conductor shells of the male and female terminal assemblies when they are mated, a relatively complete transmission path for the center conductor and the shielding conductor can be formed. This structure solves the problems of discontinuous shielding connections, susceptibility to signal interference, and transmission loss in high-frequency coaxial connectors, thus improving the stability of high-frequency signal transmission.

[0019] Furthermore, the inner wall of the outer conductor housing is provided with a first threaded engagement portion, and the outer wall of the retaining sleeve is provided with a second threaded engagement portion that engages with the first threaded engagement portion. The retaining sleeve and the outer conductor housing are detachably connected by threads, and the retaining sleeve provides axial positioning for the dielectric insulator and / or the center contact.

[0020] By providing a first threaded engagement portion on the inner wall of the outer conductor housing and a second threaded engagement portion on the outer wall of the retaining sleeve, the retaining sleeve can be threadedly connected to the outer conductor housing and axially limit the dielectric insulator and / or the center contact. This structure solves the technical problem of easy loosening, displacement, or dislodgement of internal parts of the miniature terminal assembly during insertion and removal, and is beneficial to improving the assembly stability and reliability of the internal structure of the terminal assembly.

[0021] Furthermore, the locking element is a locking nut, which has an axially extending through hole. The rear section of the retaining sleeve passes through the through hole. The outer wall of the rear section of the retaining sleeve is provided with a third threaded engagement portion. The inner wall of the locking nut is provided with an internal thread that engages with the third threaded engagement portion. The locking nut is threadedly connected to the retaining sleeve. The outer wall of the locking nut is provided with an external thread, which constitutes the mounting connection portion. The inner walls of both the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are provided with internal threads that engage with the external threads.

[0022] By setting the locking element as a locking nut, and having the locking nut threadedly engage with both the retaining sleeve and the mounting hole, reliable fixation between the terminal assembly and the insulating mounting base can be achieved. Simultaneously, it facilitates the installation and removal of the terminal assembly by tightening or loosening the locking nut. This structure solves the problems of inconvenient fixation and low installation / removal efficiency of terminal assemblies within the insulating mounting base, and allows for independent maintenance of individual terminal assemblies from the rear.

[0023] Furthermore, the center contact, the dielectric insulator, and the outer conductor shell together form a coaxial transmission section. The center contact has an impedance control section located within the dielectric insulator. The impedance control section is a constant-diameter section extending axially, with an outer diameter of d. The inner diameter of the outer conductor shell at the position corresponding to the impedance control section is D. The relative permittivity of the dielectric insulator is εr. The coaxial transmission section satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance of the coaxial transmission section, and Z0 is 30 ohms or 50 ohms.

[0024] By forming a coaxial transmission section with the center contact, dielectric insulator, and outer conductor shell, and establishing a nominal characteristic impedance of 30 ohms or 50 ohms based on the relationship between the outer diameter of the center contact, the inner diameter of the outer conductor shell, and the relative permittivity of the dielectric insulator, the internal transmission structure of the terminal assembly can be better matched to the coaxial cable with the corresponding impedance specification. This structure solves the problem of reflection, attenuation, or transmission loss of high-frequency signals inside the connector due to impedance mismatch, thus improving the transmission quality of high-frequency signals.

[0025] Further, the dielectric insulator is a PTFE insulator; when Z0 is 30 ohms, D / d is 1.9 to 2.3; when Z0 is 50 ohms, D / d is 3.1 to 3.6; the dielectric insulator is provided with an impedance compensation section near the front end and / or rear end of the impedance control section, the impedance compensation section being an annular thinning section, an annular groove, an air compensation cavity, or a dielectric thickness gradient section; the axial length of the impedance compensation section is Lc, where Lc is 0.2D to 1.5D.

[0026] By employing PTFE insulators and defining the D / d size range for 30 ohms and 50 ohms respectively, and by setting impedance compensation sections at the front and / or rear of the impedance control section, impedance abrupt changes caused by transitions in the internal structure of the terminals can be compensated. This structure solves the problem of impedance discontinuity at termination or mating positions caused by changes in diameter, medium, or structure, which is beneficial for improving the impedance continuity and signal integrity of the coaxial transmission section.

[0027] Furthermore, the center contact includes, from back to front, a rear end section, a diameter gradient transition section, the impedance control section, and a front docking section. The rear end section is used for electrical connection with the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. The diameter gradient transition section is a tapered transition section, and the single-sided cone angle of the diameter gradient transition section relative to the axis of the center contact is 5° to 30°. The dielectric insulator has a dielectric transition section at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section, and the outer conductor shell and / or the retaining sleeve form a shielding transition section at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section, so that an impedance continuous transition structure is formed between the coaxial cable and the front docking section.

[0028] By sequentially arranging the center contact with a rear end segment, a diameter gradient transition segment, an impedance control segment, and a front mating segment from back to front, and by placing a dielectric transition segment and a shielding transition segment at the corresponding positions of the diameter gradient transition segment, a smoother impedance transition can be achieved between the coaxial cable and the front mating segment. This structure solves the problem of impedance abrupt changes that easily occur in the cable termination area and the terminal mating area, which helps reduce high-frequency signal reflection and improves the transmission stability of the connector in high-frequency applications.

[0029] Furthermore, the socket structure of the female terminal assembly includes a cylindrical contact portion, which is provided with a plurality of axial elastic grooves along the circumference. An elastic clamping arm is formed between two adjacent axial elastic grooves. The elastic clamping arm is used to elastically contact the pin structure of the male terminal assembly. An insertion guide chamfer is provided at the entrance of the cylindrical contact portion to reduce the insertion force when the pin structure is inserted into the socket structure.

[0030] By designing the socket structure of the female terminal assembly to have a cylindrical contact portion, an axial elastic groove, and an elastic clamping arm, and by adding an insertion guide chamfer at the entrance of the cylindrical contact portion, the insertion force can be reduced while ensuring reliable elastic contact between the pin structure and the socket structure. This structure solves the problems of high insertion force, rapid terminal wear, and decreased contact reliability in frequent insertion and removal scenarios, which helps to extend the connector's service life and improve the insertion and removal feel and contact stability.

[0031] Furthermore, the front end of the dielectric insulator of the male terminal assembly and / or the front end of the dielectric insulator of the female terminal assembly form an insulating overlap portion. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are mated, the insulating overlap portion is located on the outer periphery of the mating area of ​​the pin structure and the socket structure, and covers at least a portion of the mating area along the axial direction.

[0032] By forming an insulating overlap at the front end of the dielectric insulator of the male terminal assembly and / or female terminal assembly, the insulating overlap is located on the outer periphery of the mating area of ​​the pin structure and socket structure when the male and female terminals are mated, and covers at least part of the mating area axially. This improves the dielectric continuity and insulation reliability of the mating area. This structure solves the problem that air gaps or dielectric abrupt changes in the mating area of ​​male and female terminals can easily affect high-frequency transmission performance, and is beneficial to improving the electrical stability of the connector mating area.

[0033] Furthermore, the coaxial cable is a micro coaxial cable or an RG178 coaxial cable with an outer diameter of 0.81 mm, 1.13 mm, 1.37 mm, or 1.6 mm. The rear end of the retaining sleeve is provided with a cable adapter hole and a positioning step. The cable adapter hole is used to accommodate coaxial cables of the corresponding outer diameter. The axial distance of the positioning step relative to the front end of the retaining sleeve is a preset distance. The positioning step is used to limit the axial position of the coaxial cable relative to the central contact member, so that the male terminal assembly or female terminal assembly corresponding to coaxial cables of different outer diameters have the same front end mating position.

[0034] By incorporating cable adapter holes and positioning steps at the rear end of the retaining sleeve, micro coaxial cables or RG178 coaxial cables of different outer diameters can be accommodated and positioned, ensuring that corresponding terminal assemblies have the same front-end mating position. This structure solves the problems of poor compatibility between coaxial cables of different specifications and inconsistent front-end mating references after assembly. It is beneficial to improve the connector's compatibility with multiple cable specifications and reduce the structural development and maintenance costs of products with different specifications.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0036] This invention allows the male and female terminal assemblies to be inserted and detachably fixed from the rear side of their respective insulating mounting bases. This enables any terminal assembly to be individually removed and replaced from the rear side when damaged, worn, experiencing poor contact, or requiring a change in cable specifications, without the need to replace the entire connector. This structure is suitable for applications requiring frequent insertion and removal and maintenance, helping to reduce maintenance costs and increase the reusability of undamaged components in the connector.

[0037] This invention connects the center contact to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the outer conductor shell and / or retaining sleeve to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable. Simultaneously, it achieves electrical connection between the outer conductor shells when the male and female terminal assemblies mate, creating a continuous transmission path for both the center conductor and the shielding conductor within the connector. This structure helps reduce the impact of external interference and shielding discontinuities on high-frequency signal transmission.

[0038] This invention, by incorporating an impedance control section, an impedance compensation section, a diameter gradient transition section, a dielectric transition section, and a shielding transition section, enables the coaxial transmission section inside the connector to achieve a nominal characteristic impedance of 30 ohms or 50 ohms, and creates a smoother impedance transition at the coaxial cable termination and terminal mating positions. This structure reduces the risk of high-frequency signals experiencing reflection, attenuation, or transmission loss at the connector, thereby improving signal transmission integrity.

[0039] This invention improves the connector's versatility by providing cable adapter holes and positioning steps at the cable ends, ensuring that micro coaxial cables or RG178 coaxial cables of different outer diameters maintain the same front-end mating position after assembly. Simultaneously, by incorporating axial elastic grooves, elastic clamping arms, and insertion guide chamfers in the female terminal assembly's socket structure, and by providing an insulating overlap in the mating area, it helps reduce insertion force, decrease wear, improve contact reliability, and enhance the insulation stability of the mating area. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a connector (combination of a first insulating mounting base and a second insulating mounting base).

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connector from another angle (combination of the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base).

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A sectional view.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connector (the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are separated).

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connector from another angle (the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are separated).

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connector from another angle (the male terminal assembly is away from the first insulating mounting base, and the female terminal assembly is away from the second insulating mounting base).

[0046] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A sectional view.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connector from another angle (the male terminal assembly is in an exploded state and has left the first insulating mounting base, while the female terminal assembly is in an exploded state and has left the second insulating mounting base).

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the female terminal assembly.

[0049] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A sectional view.

[0050] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the female terminal assembly.

[0051] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the center contact of the female terminal assembly.

[0052] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the socket structure of the female terminal assembly.

[0053] Figure 14 for Figure 10 Enlarged view of part A.

[0054] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a male terminal assembly.

[0055] Figure 16 for Figure 13 A sectional view.

[0056] Figure 17 This is an exploded view of the male terminal assembly.

[0057] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the center contact of the male terminal assembly.

[0058] Figure 19 for Figure 16 Enlarged view of part B. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] like Figures 1 to 19 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assemblies, including a first insulating mounting base 100, a second insulating mounting base 200, at least one male terminal assembly 300, and at least one female terminal assembly 400. In this embodiment, the side where the male terminal assembly 300 and the female terminal assembly 400 are mated together is defined as the front side, and the side opposite to the front side is defined as the rear side.

[0061] The first insulating mounting base 100 has at least one first mounting hole 110, and the second insulating mounting base 200 has at least one second mounting hole 210. The male terminal assembly 300 is inserted into the first mounting hole 110 from the rear side of the first insulating mounting base 100 and is detachably fixed to the first insulating mounting base 100; the female terminal assembly 400 is inserted into the second mounting hole 210 from the rear side of the second insulating mounting base 200 and is detachably fixed to the second insulating mounting base 200. Therefore, when any male terminal assembly 300 or any female terminal assembly 400 experiences wear, poor contact, or needs to be adapted to different cable specifications, it can be independently disassembled and replaced from the rear side of its insulating mounting base without requiring a complete replacement of the detachable high-frequency coaxial connector.

[0062] Both the male terminal assembly 300 and the female terminal assembly 400 include an outer conductor housing 1, a dielectric insulator 2, a center contact 3, a retaining sleeve 4, a locking member 5, and a coaxial cable 6. The dielectric insulator 2 is disposed within the outer conductor housing 1, the center contact 3 passes through the dielectric insulator 2, the retaining sleeve 4 extends at least partially into the outer conductor housing 1 and is detachably connected to it, and the locking member 5 has a mounting connection portion for engaging with a corresponding first mounting hole 110 or second mounting hole 210. The front end of the center contact 3 of the male terminal assembly 300 is a pin structure 31, and the front end of the center contact 3 of the female terminal assembly 400 is a socket structure 32. When the first insulating mounting base 100 and the second insulating mounting base 200 are mated, the pin structure 31 is inserted into the socket structure 32 to achieve an electrical connection between the center conductors.

[0063] Specifically, the coaxial cable 6 includes an inner conductor 61, an insulation layer, a shielding layer 62, and an outer sheath. The rear end of the center contact 3 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 61 of the coaxial cable 6, and this electrical connection can be achieved by welding, crimping, riveting, or clamping. The outer conductor shell 1 and / or the retaining sleeve 4 are electrically connected to the shielding layer 62 of the coaxial cable 6, and this electrical connection can be achieved by crimping, circumferential clamping, welding, or conductive sleeve clamping. When the first insulating mounting base 100 and the second insulating mounting base 200 are mated, the outer conductor shell 1 of the male terminal assembly 300 and the outer conductor shell 1 of the female terminal assembly 400 are in contact with each other and electrically connected, thereby achieving a continuous connection of the shielded conductors between the male terminal assembly 300 and the female terminal assembly 400, so that the center conductor connection and the shielded conductor connection together constitute the coaxial signal transmission path.

[0064] The outer conductor housing 1 is arranged to extend through the outer conductor housing 1 along the axial direction, and the inner wall of the outer conductor housing 1 is provided with a first threaded engagement portion 11. The retaining sleeve 4 is arranged to extend through the outer conductor housing 1 along the axial direction, and the outer wall of the retaining sleeve 4 is provided with a second threaded engagement portion 41 that mates with the first threaded engagement portion 11. The front section of the retaining sleeve 4 is screwed into the outer conductor housing 1, so that the retaining sleeve 4 and the outer conductor housing 1 are detachably connected by threads, and the retaining sleeve 4 provides axial restraint for the dielectric insulator 2 and / or the center contact 3, thereby preventing the dielectric insulator 2 and the center contact 3 from loosening or coming out axially during insertion and removal.

[0065] The locking element 5 is a locking nut, which has a through hole extending axially. The rear section of the retaining sleeve 4 passes through the through hole. The outer wall of the rear section of the retaining sleeve 4 is provided with a third threaded engagement portion 42, and the inner wall of the locking element 5 is provided with an internal thread that mates with the third threaded engagement portion 42. The locking element 5 is threadedly connected to the retaining sleeve 4. The outer wall of the locking element 5 is provided with an external thread 51, which constitutes the mounting connection portion. The inner walls of the first mounting hole 110 and the second mounting hole 210 are both provided with internal threads that mate with the external thread 51.

[0066] When installing the male terminal assembly 300, insert the male terminal assembly 300 into the first mounting hole 110 from the rear side of the first insulating mounting base 100, and then rotate the locking member 5 using the disassembly and assembly tool 500 to make the external thread 51 of the locking member 5 engage with the internal thread of the first mounting hole 110, thereby fixing the male terminal assembly 300 to the first insulating mounting base 100. When installing the female terminal assembly 400, insert the female terminal assembly 400 into the second mounting hole 210 from the rear side of the second insulating mounting base 200, and then use the disassembly and assembly tool 500 to make the corresponding locking member 5 engage with the internal thread of the second mounting hole 210, thereby fixing the female terminal assembly 400 to the second insulating mounting base 200.

[0067] The center contact 3, the dielectric insulator 2, and the outer conductor housing 1 together form a coaxial transmission section. The center contact 3 has an impedance control section 33 located within the dielectric insulator 2, which is a constant-diameter section extending axially. The outer diameter of the impedance control section 33 is d, the inner diameter of the outer conductor housing 1 at the corresponding position of the impedance control section 33 is D, the relative permittivity of the dielectric insulator 2 is εr, and the coaxial transmission section satisfies the following relationship:

[0068]

[0069] Where Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance of the coaxial transmission section, d is the outer diameter of the impedance control section 33, D is the inner diameter of the outer conductor shell 1 at the corresponding position of the impedance control section 33, εr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric insulator 2, ln is the natural logarithm, and Z0 is 30 ohms or 50 ohms. Through the above dimensional relationships, a coaxial transmission structure matching the coaxial cable 6 can be formed between the center contact 3, the dielectric insulator 2, and the outer conductor shell 1, thereby reducing impedance discontinuities at the connection points and lowering the risk of high-frequency signals being reflected, attenuated, or lost at the detachable high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assemblies.

[0070] In this embodiment, the dielectric insulator 2 is a PTFE insulator, and the relative permittivity εr of the PTFE insulator can be from 2.0 to 2.2. When Z0 is 30 ohms, D / d can be from 1.9 to 2.3; when Z0 is 50 ohms, D / d can be from 3.1 to 3.6. The above-mentioned size ratio allows the coaxial transmission section to be matched with the coaxial cable 6 with the corresponding nominal characteristic impedance.

[0071] The dielectric insulator 2 is provided with an impedance compensation section 21 at the front end and / or rear end position near the impedance control section 33. The impedance compensation section 21 is an annular thinning section, an annular groove, an air compensation cavity, or a dielectric thickness gradient section. The axial length of the impedance compensation section 21 is Lc, which is 0.2D to 1.5D. The annular thinning section can be formed by reducing the outer diameter of the dielectric insulator 2 at the corresponding position; the annular groove can be formed on the outer peripheral surface or inner wall of the dielectric insulator 2; the air compensation cavity can be formed between the dielectric insulator 2 and the outer conductor shell 1, or between the dielectric insulator 2 and the center contact 3; the dielectric thickness gradient section can gradually change the radial thickness of the dielectric insulator 2 between the center contact 3 and the outer conductor shell 1 along the axial direction. By providing the impedance compensation section 21, the impedance abrupt change caused by diameter change, dielectric change, or structural transition at the termination or mating position of the center contact 3 can be compensated, which is beneficial to improving the impedance continuity of the coaxial transmission section.

[0072] The center contact 3, from back to front, includes a rear end section 34, a diameter gradient transition section 35, an impedance control section 33, and a front mating section. The rear end section 34 is used for electrical connection with the inner conductor 61 of the coaxial cable 6. The diameter gradient transition section 35 is a tapered transition section, with a single-sided cone angle of 5° to 30° relative to the axis of the center contact 3. The dielectric insulator 2 has a dielectric transition section 22 at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section 35, and the outer conductor shell 1 and / or retaining sleeve 4 form a shielding transition section at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section 35. Thus, the inner conductor 61 of the coaxial cable 6 forms a relatively gentle impedance continuous transition structure from the rear end section 34, the diameter gradient transition section 35, the impedance control section 33 to the front mating section, which helps to reduce the reflection loss of high-frequency signals in the termination and mating areas.

[0073] The front mating section of the female terminal assembly 400 forms a socket structure 32, and the front mating section of the male terminal assembly 300 forms a pin structure 31. The socket structure 32 of the female terminal assembly 400 includes a cylindrical contact portion 321, which has multiple axial elastic grooves 322 along its circumference. An elastic clamping arm 323 is formed between two adjacent axial elastic grooves 322. The elastic clamping arm 323 is used to elastically contact the pin structure 31 of the male terminal assembly 300, thereby ensuring reliable contact pressure between the pin structure 31 and the socket structure 32. An insertion guide chamfer 324 is provided at the entrance of the cylindrical contact portion 321 to guide the pin structure 31 when it is inserted into the socket structure 32 and reduce the insertion force. This structure is suitable for the frequent insertion and removal environment of high-frequency coaxial connectors with detachable terminal assemblies, and helps reduce wear between the pin structure 31 and the socket structure 32.

[0074] An insulating overlap is formed at the front end of the dielectric insulator 2 of the male terminal assembly 300 and / or the front end of the dielectric insulator 2 of the female terminal assembly 400. When the first insulating mounting base 100 and the second insulating mounting base 200 are mated, the insulating overlap is located on the outer periphery of the mating area of ​​the pin structure 31 and the socket structure 32, and covers at least a portion of the mating area axially. By providing the insulating overlap, the impact of dielectric abrupt changes or air gaps in the mating area on high-frequency transmission performance can be reduced, while improving the insulation reliability of the mating area.

[0075] The coaxial cable 6 can be a micro coaxial cable or an RG178 coaxial cable with an outer diameter of 0.81 mm, 1.13 mm, 1.37 mm, or 1.6 mm. The rear end of the retaining sleeve 4 is provided with a cable adapter hole 43 and a positioning step. The cable adapter hole 43 is used to accommodate coaxial cables 6 of the corresponding outer diameter. The axial distance of the positioning step relative to the front end of the retaining sleeve 4 is a preset distance. The positioning step is used to limit the axial position of the coaxial cable 6 relative to the central contact 3, ensuring that the male terminal assembly 300 or female terminal assembly 400 corresponding to coaxial cables 6 of different outer diameters have the same front-end mating position. Therefore, when replacing coaxial cables 6 of different specifications, the front-end mating reference of the male terminal assembly 300 and the female terminal assembly 400 can be kept consistent, improving the compatibility of the detachable high-frequency coaxial connector with multiple cable specifications.

[0076] In this embodiment, the high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly is assembled by first placing the dielectric insulator 2 into the outer conductor housing 1, then inserting the center contact 3 through the dielectric insulator 2, so that the rear end segment 34 of the center contact 3 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 61 of the coaxial cable 6; then, the shielding layer 62 of the coaxial cable 6 is electrically connected to the outer conductor housing 1 and / or the retaining sleeve 4, and the retaining sleeve 4 is threaded to the outer conductor housing 1, so that the retaining sleeve 4 axially limits the dielectric insulator 2 and the center contact 3; finally, the locking member 5 is assembled to the rear section of the retaining sleeve 4 to form a male terminal assembly 300 or a female terminal assembly 400 that can be inserted from the rear and detachably fixed.

[0077] In use, the first insulating mounting base 100 and the second insulating mounting base 200 are mated together, and the pin structure 31 of the male terminal assembly 300 is inserted into the socket structure 32 of the female terminal assembly 400 to achieve the connection between the center conductors. Simultaneously, the outer conductor shell 1 of the male terminal assembly 300 is electrically connected to the outer conductor shell 1 of the female terminal assembly 400 to achieve a continuous connection of the shielded conductors. When any male terminal assembly 300 or female terminal assembly 400 is damaged, worn, or requires replacement with a coaxial cable of a different specification, the terminal assembly can be individually removed and replaced by loosening the corresponding locking piece 5 from the rear side of the corresponding insulating mounting base using the disassembly tool 500, without disassembling or scrapping the entire detachable high-frequency coaxial connector. This structure, while meeting the high-frequency coaxial signal transmission performance requirements, improves the maintenance convenience and reusability of the detachable high-frequency coaxial connector.

[0078] In one embodiment, the cable connected to the male terminal assembly 300 or the female terminal assembly 400 can be selected according to actual transmission requirements. For example, the cable can be a single-shielded cable 600, the inner conductor of which is electrically connected to the center contact 3 of the corresponding terminal assembly, and the shielding layer of which is electrically connected to the outer conductor housing 1 and / or retaining sleeve 4 of the corresponding terminal assembly, thereby forming a single-shielded cable 600 with a male terminal assembly 300 or a single-shielded cable 600 with a female terminal assembly 400.

[0079] In another embodiment, the cable can be a double-shielded cable 700. The inner conductor of the double-shielded cable 700 is electrically connected to the center contact 3 of the corresponding terminal assembly, and the inner shielding layer and / or outer shielding layer of the double-shielded cable 700 is electrically connected to the outer conductor housing 1 and / or retaining sleeve 4 of the corresponding terminal assembly, thereby forming a double-shielded cable 700 with a male terminal assembly 300 or a double-shielded cable 700 with a female terminal assembly 400. Using a double-shielded cable 700 helps to further improve the shielding continuity between the cable and the terminal assembly, reducing the impact of external interference on high-frequency signal transmission.

[0080] In another embodiment, the cable can also be a DC cable 800, with the conductor of the DC cable 800 electrically connected to the center contact 3 of the corresponding terminal assembly. When the DC cable 800 has a shielding layer, the shielding layer can be electrically connected to the outer conductor housing 1 and / or the retaining sleeve 4 of the corresponding terminal assembly. Thus, a DC cable 800 with a male terminal assembly 300 or a DC cable 800 with a female terminal assembly 400 can be formed according to different usage scenarios, so that the same type of terminal assembly structure can be compatible with different application requirements such as high-frequency signal transmission, shielded signal transmission, or DC electrical connection.

[0081] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely for distinction. The terms "a," "an," etc., used in this invention do not indicate a limitation on quantity, but rather indicate the existence of at least one of the mentioned objects. The terms indicating direction or location used in this invention, such as "top," "bottom," "side," "longitudinal," "transverse," "middle," "center," "outer," "inner," "horizontal," "vertical," "left," "right," "above," "below," etc., reflect relative positions, not absolute positions. The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of this invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly, characterized in that, It includes a first insulating mounting base, a second insulating mounting base, at least one male terminal assembly, and at least one female terminal assembly; The detachable high-frequency coaxial connector of the terminal assembly has a front side for mating the male terminal assembly with the female terminal assembly, and a rear side opposite to the front side. The first insulating mounting base is provided with at least one first mounting hole, and the second insulating mounting base is provided with at least one second mounting hole; The male terminal assembly is inserted into the first mounting hole from the rear side of the first insulating mounting base and is detachably fixed to the first insulating mounting base; The female terminal assembly is inserted into the second mounting hole from the rear side of the second insulating mounting base and is detachably fixed to the second insulating mounting base; Both the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly include an outer conductor housing, a dielectric insulator, a center contact, a retaining sleeve, and a locking member. The dielectric insulator is disposed inside the outer conductor housing, the center contact passes through the dielectric insulator, the retaining sleeve extends at least partially into the outer conductor housing and is detachably connected to the outer conductor housing, and the locking member has a mounting connection portion for engaging with a corresponding first mounting hole or second mounting hole. The front end of the center contact of the male terminal assembly is a pin structure, and the front end of the center contact of the female terminal assembly is a socket structure. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are connected, the pin structure is inserted into the socket structure. Each of the male terminal assemblies or each of the female terminal assemblies can be independently removed and replaced from the rear side of the insulating mounting base on which it is located.

2. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly are connected to a coaxial cable. The rear end of the center contact is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and the outer conductor housing and / or the retaining sleeve are electrically connected to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are connected, the outer conductor shell of the male terminal assembly is electrically connected to the outer conductor shell of the female terminal assembly, so as to realize the continuous connection of the shielding conductor between the male terminal assembly and the female terminal assembly.

3. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer conductor housing is provided with a first threaded engagement portion, and the outer wall of the retaining sleeve is provided with a second threaded engagement portion that engages with the first threaded engagement portion. The retaining sleeve and the outer conductor housing are detachably connected by threads, and the retaining sleeve provides axial positioning for the dielectric insulator and / or the center contact.

4. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking component is a locking nut, which has a through hole extending axially. The rear section of the retaining sleeve passes through the through hole. The outer wall of the rear section of the retaining sleeve is provided with a third threaded engagement portion. The inner wall of the locking nut is provided with an internal threaded portion that engages with the third threaded engagement portion. The locking nut is threadedly connected to the retaining sleeve. The outer wall of the locking nut is provided with external threads, and the external threads constitute the mounting connection part; The inner walls of both the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are provided with internal threads that mate with the external threads.

5. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The center contact, the dielectric insulator, and the outer conductor shell together form a coaxial transmission segment. The center contact has an impedance control segment located within the dielectric insulator. The impedance control segment is a constant-diameter segment extending axially, with an outer diameter of d. The inner diameter of the outer conductor shell at the position corresponding to the impedance control segment is D. The relative permittivity of the dielectric insulator is εr. The coaxial transmission segment satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, Z0 is the nominal characteristic impedance of the coaxial transmission section, and Z0 is 30 ohms or 50 ohms.

6. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dielectric insulator is PTFE insulator; when Z0 is 30 ohms, D / d is 1.9 to 2.3; when Z0 is 50 ohms, D / d is 3.1 to 3.6; The dielectric insulator is provided with an impedance compensation section at the front end and / or rear end position near the impedance control section. The impedance compensation section is an annular thinning section, an annular groove, an air compensation cavity, or a dielectric thickness gradient section. The axial length of the impedance compensation section is Lc, which is 0.2D to 1.5D.

7. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center contact includes, from back to front, a rear end section, a diameter gradient transition section, the impedance control section, and a front connection section. The rear end section is used for electrical connection with the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. The diameter gradient transition section is a tapered transition section, and the single-sided cone angle of the diameter gradient transition section relative to the axis of the center contact is 5° to 30°. The dielectric insulator has a dielectric transition section at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section, and the outer conductor shell and / or the retaining sleeve form a shielding transition section at the position corresponding to the diameter gradient transition section, so that an impedance continuous transition structure is formed between the coaxial cable and the front docking section.

8. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The female terminal assembly's socket structure includes a cylindrical contact portion, which has multiple axial elastic grooves along its circumference. An elastic clamping arm is formed between two adjacent axial elastic grooves, and the elastic clamping arm is used to make elastic contact with the pin structure of the male terminal assembly. The cylindrical contact portion has an insertion guide chamfer at its entrance to reduce the insertion force when the pin structure is inserted into the socket structure.

9. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the dielectric insulator of the male terminal assembly and / or the front end of the dielectric insulator of the female terminal assembly form an insulating overlap. When the first insulating mounting base and the second insulating mounting base are mated, the insulating overlap is located on the outer periphery of the mating area of ​​the pin structure and the socket structure, and covers at least a portion of the mating area along the axial direction.

10. The high-frequency coaxial connector with detachable terminal assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coaxial cable is a micro coaxial cable or an RG178 coaxial cable with an outer diameter of 0.81 mm, 1.13 mm, 1.37 mm, or 1.6 mm. The rear end of the retaining sleeve is provided with a cable adapter hole and a positioning step. The cable adapter hole is used to accommodate coaxial cables of corresponding outer diameters. The axial distance of the positioning step relative to the front end of the retaining sleeve is a preset distance. The positioning step is used to limit the axial position of the coaxial cable relative to the center contact member, so that the male terminal assembly or female terminal assembly corresponding to coaxial cables of different outer diameters have the same front end docking position.

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