Communication devices, methods, systems, storage media, program products, and vehicles

Abstract

The application discloses a transmitting module of a communication device, a receiving module of a communication device, a communication device, a communication system, a communication encoding method, a communication decoding method and a communication method, a storage medium, a program product and a vehicle. The transmitting module of the communication device comprises a first modulation component and a second modulation component, which are used for encoding an optical carrier to obtain an encoded optical carrier. The first modulation component is used for first encoding the optical carrier to obtain first modulation information. The second modulation component is used for second encoding the optical carrier to obtain second modulation information. The encoded optical carrier carries at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information, the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different, so that the encoding capacity of a single symbol bit is expanded from 1 bit to 2 bits, the information carrying capacity of the encoded optical carrier in a unit of time is improved, the bandwidth is doubled, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical fiber technology, and in particular to a transmitting module of a communication device, a receiving module of a communication device, a communication device, a communication system, a communication encoding method, a communication decoding method and communication method, a storage medium, a program product and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of intelligent and connected new energy vehicles, the requirements for intelligent driving, intelligent cockpits, and audio-visual entertainment are constantly increasing, leading to a growing demand for bandwidth in-vehicle communication. However, traditional in-vehicle communication methods and devices cannot meet current bandwidth requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a transmitting module of a communication device, a receiving module of a communication device, a communication device, a communication system, a communication encoding method, a communication decoding method and communication method, a storage medium, a program product, and a vehicle.

[0004] Firstly, the transmitting module of the communication device provided in this application includes at least a first modulation component and a second modulation component, used to encode an optical carrier to obtain an coded optical carrier. The first modulation component is used to perform a first encoding on the optical carrier to obtain first modulation information. The second modulation component is used to perform a second encoding on the optical carrier to obtain second modulation information. The coded optical carrier carries at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information, wherein the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different.

[0005] In some embodiments, the first encoding is amplitude encoding, the first modulation component is an amplitude modulation component used to perform amplitude encoding on the optical carrier, and the first modulation information is amplitude information. The second encoding is spin coding, the second modulation component is a spin modulation component used to perform spin coding on the optical carrier, and the second modulation information is spin information. The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and spin information.

[0006] In some embodiments, the spin modulation assembly includes an interference unit and a modulation unit. The interference unit includes at least an upper interference arm and a lower interference arm, and splits the optical carrier into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier, which then enter the upper interference arm and the lower interference arm, respectively. The modulation unit is located in the optical path of either the upper or lower interference arm and is used to modulate one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier. Specifically, the first optical carrier passing through the upper interference arm and the second optical carrier passing through the lower interference arm are combined for spin coding.

[0007] In some embodiments, the modulation unit includes a waveplate and a phase shifter. The waveplate is used to modulate the polarization direction of the first optical carrier or the second optical carrier. The phase shifter is used to modulate the phase of the first optical carrier or the second optical carrier.

[0008] In some implementations, the amplitude modulation component is located before the spin modulation component.

[0009] In some embodiments, the amplitude information includes high amplitude and low amplitude, the rotation information includes left-handed and right-handed rotation, and the coded optical carrier includes one of a high-amplitude left-handed optical carrier, a high-amplitude right-handed optical carrier, a low-amplitude left-handed optical carrier, and a low-amplitude right-handed optical carrier.

[0010] Secondly, the receiving module of a communication device provided in this application includes a photoelectric conversion component and a signal processing component. The photoelectric conversion component receives an coded optical carrier and performs photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The coded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, wherein the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different. The signal processing component decodes the electrical signal to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0011] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion component includes a modulation unit, a photodetector unit, and an amplification unit. The modulation unit receives the coded optical carrier and modulates it. The photodetector unit performs photoelectric conversion on the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The amplification unit receives and amplifies the electrical signal and transmits it to a signal processing component.

[0012] In some implementations, the first modulation information is amplitude information. The second modulation information is spin information.

[0013] In some embodiments, the photodetector unit includes a bias electrode, a photoelectric converter, and a detection electrode. The bias electrode is used to open the bandgap of the photoelectric converter. The photoelectric converter includes a bandgap, through which the modulated coded optical carrier passes, causing the photoelectric converter to generate an electrical signal. The magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is related to the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is related to the curl information. The detection electrode is used to receive the electrical signal and transmit it to the amplification unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the amplitude information is positively correlated with the current magnitude. When the helical information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, the photoelectric converter generates a positively oriented electrical signal. When the helical information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, the photoelectric converter generates a negatively oriented electrical signal.

[0015] In some embodiments, the detection electrode includes a forward electrode and a reverse electrode, wherein the forward electrode is used to detect and receive an electrical signal in a positive direction, and the reverse electrode is used to detect and receive an electrical signal in a negative direction.

[0016] Thirdly, the communication device provided in this application includes the transmitting module and the receiving module described in any of the above embodiments.

[0017] Fourthly, this application provides a communication system comprising an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), and a beam splitter. The OLT includes the communication device described in any of the above embodiments, used to transmit and receive signals via the communication device to communicate with the ONU, wherein the signals include coded optical carriers and electrical signals. The ONU includes the communication device described in any of the above embodiments, used to transmit and receive the signals via the communication device to communicate with the OLT. The beam splitter is used to distribute the signals transmitted by the OLT to multiple ONUs, or to combine signals returned by multiple ONUs back to the OLT.

[0018] Fifthly, this application provides a communication coding method for use in the transmitting module described in any of the above embodiments. The communication coding method includes: performing at least a first coding and a second coding on an optical carrier to obtain the coded optical carrier, wherein the coded optical carrier carries at least a first modulation information and a second modulation information, wherein the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different.

[0019] In some embodiments, performing the first encoding on the optical carrier includes: the first encoding being amplitude encoding, and the first modulation information being amplitude information. Performing the second encoding on the optical carrier includes: the second encoding being spin coding, and the second modulation information being spin information, wherein the encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and spin information.

[0020] In some embodiments, the second encoding is a spin coding, comprising: splitting the optical carrier into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier; modulating one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier; and combining the unmodulated one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier with the modulated optical carrier to perform spin coding.

[0021] Sixthly, this application provides a communication decoding method for use in the receiving module described in any of the above embodiments. The communication decoding method includes: receiving and photoelectrically converting an encoded optical carrier to form an electrical signal, wherein the encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, the first modulation information and the second modulation information being different; and decoding the electrical signal to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0022] In some embodiments, receiving and performing photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier includes: receiving the coded optical carrier and modulating the coded optical carrier; performing photoelectric conversion on the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal; receiving and amplifying the electrical signal; and transmitting the electrical signal to a signal processing component.

[0023] In some implementations, the first modulation information is amplitude information; the second modulation information is spin information.

[0024] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion of the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal includes: opening the bandgap of the photoelectric converter using a bias electrode to make the photoelectric converter have circular dichroism; and the modulated coded optical carrier passing through the bandgap to make the photoelectric converter generate an electrical signal, wherein the magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is related to the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is related to the rotational information.

[0025] In some embodiments, the modulated coded optical carrier passes through the bandgap and causes the photoelectric converter to generate an electrical signal, including: the amplitude information is positively correlated with the current magnitude of the electrical signal; when the spin information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, an electrical signal with a positive direction is generated; when the spin information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, an electrical signal with a negative direction is generated.

[0026] Sixthly, this application provides a communication method comprising: encoding an optical carrier using the communication encoding method described in any of the above embodiments to obtain the encoded optical carrier, wherein the encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information; and decoding the encoded optical carrier using the communication decoding method described in any of the above embodiments to obtain at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0027] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0028] Eighthly, this application provides a computer program product, characterized in that it includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0029] Ninthly, this application provides a vehicle characterized by including the communication system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0030] In the present application, a transmitting module of a communication device, a receiving module of a communication device, a communication device, a communication system, a communication encoding method, a communication decoding method and communication method, a storage medium, a program product and a vehicle, the transmitting module combines first modulation information (e.g., spin information) with second modulation information (e.g., amplitude information). It can introduce the modulation of the second modulation information without interfering with the modulation of the first modulation information, and expand the encoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit encoding, the information carrying capacity of the modulated coded optical carrier per unit time is increased, thereby doubling the bandwidth and improving the transmission efficiency.

[0031] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting module according to some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication encoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication coding method according to one embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication encoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication decoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication decoding method according to one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the receiving module according to some embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication decoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication decoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the receiving module according to some embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a right-handed coded optical carrier according to some embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a left-handed coded optical carrier according to some embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the circular dichroism structure of some embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication decoding method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating the communication method of some embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 17 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of this application.

[0050] Explanation of key component designations:

[0051] Vehicle 10000; Communication system 1000; Optical line terminal 300; Optical network unit 500; Beam splitter 700; Communication device 100; Transmitting module 10; Amplitude modulation component 11; Driving circuit 111; Light source 113; Rotation modulation component 13; Interference unit 131; Upper interferometer arm 1311; Lower interferometer arm 1313; Modulation unit 133; Half-wave plate 1331; Phase shifter 1333; Receiving module 30; Photoelectric conversion component 31; Modulated light unit 311; Photoelectric detection unit 313; Bias electrode 3131; Photoelectric conversion component 3133; Valence band 31331; Conductor band 31333; Band gap 31335; Detection electrode 3135; Forward electrode 31351; Reverse electrode 31352; Amplification unit 315; Signal processing component 33. Detailed Implementation

[0052] In the description of this application, some of the disclosed content has been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is exemplary and is only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0053] This application discloses numerous different contents or examples for implementing different structures. To simplify the disclosure of this application, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit this application.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms used to indicate orientation or positional relationship (such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc.) are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and understanding the corresponding embodiments, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to indicate orientation or positional relationship should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0056] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0057] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0058] With the continuous development of intelligent and connected new energy vehicles, the requirements for intelligent driving, intelligent cockpits, and audio-visual entertainment are constantly increasing, leading to a continuous increase in the bandwidth demand for in-vehicle network communication. Traditional bus networks are gradually becoming overburdened, making the search for new high-bandwidth communication networks an important research direction. Optical fiber communication utilizes optical carriers to transmit information via total internal reflection in the optical fiber medium. Light waves offer advantages such as high transmission speed, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and low loss. Among these, passive optical networks (PONs) have become the primary choice for in-vehicle optical communication due to their low cost. Currently, the maximum communication bandwidth in commercially available PON architectures is 10 Git / s, using non-return-to-zero (NRZ) encoding. NRZ encoding employs a direct modulation and detection (DMT) method, adjusting the pump voltage of the laser to encode the carrier amplitude of the emitted laser, with high and low amplitudes representing bits in binary information. However, with the development of autonomous driving and the continuous upgrading of screen resolution, the bandwidth demand in vehicles will exceed 10 Git / s. Currently, the bandwidth of existing PONs will be insufficient to meet this demand, and simply increasing the DMT rate presents uplink burst problems.

[0059] The biggest difference between vehicular fiber optic communication networks and metropolitan area network (MAN) optical networks lies in the reduced communication distance. For MANs, fiber optic communication distances exceed 10km. Using fiber as the transmission medium, transmission occurs within the fiber core based on total internal reflection, resulting in an average optical signal loss of 0.2dB per kilometer. As the distance grows sufficiently long, the loss increases linearly, leading to a higher bit error rate and a significant decline in communication quality. Furthermore, with increasing transmission distance, the polarization direction of the optical carrier gradually changes, rendering its polarization information unusable for encoding. However, when the application scenario for fiber optic communication changes to vehicles, the communication distance is significantly shortened (to within approximately 20m). The number of reflections of the optical carrier within the fiber decreases, reducing the impact of nonlinear effects. The polarization of the optical carrier remains almost unchanged, allowing polarization to serve as an additional encoding method for communication.

[0060] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a communication coding method, including:

[0061] 01: The optical carrier is encoded at least once and then encoded twice to obtain an encoded optical carrier. The encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, and the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different.

[0062] The above-described communication encoding method can be applied to the transmitting module 10 of the communication device 100. The transmitting module 10 includes a first modulation component and a second modulation component. The first modulation component is used to perform a first encoding on the optical carrier to obtain first modulation information. The second modulation component is used to perform a second encoding on the optical carrier to obtain second modulation information. The encoded optical carrier carries at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information, which are different from each other.

[0063] Furthermore, the encoding of the optical carrier is also the modulation of the optical carrier, and the first modulation component and the second modulation component are components that modulate the optical carrier. The modulation of the optical carrier includes, but is not limited to, amplitude, phase, polarization direction, orbital angular momentum, or wavelength. In one embodiment, the transmitting module 10 includes the first modulation component; in another embodiment, the transmitting module 10 includes the second modulation component; and in yet another embodiment, the transmitting module 10 includes both the first and second modulation components. This application will now describe the first encoding as amplitude encoding and the second encoding as spin coding as an example. It is understood that encoded optical carriers using other encoding methods will at least have the beneficial effects of the example described in this application where the first encoding is amplitude encoding and the second encoding is spin coding. It should be noted that the first encoding and the second encoding are only distinguished by the names of the two encodings and do not imply that the encoding order is the first encoding performed by the first modulation component first, followed by the second encoding performed by the second modulation component. In one embodiment, the first modulation component of the transmitting module 10 first performs a first encoding on the optical carrier, and the optical carrier after the first encoding carries first modulation information. The second modulation component then performs a second encoding on the optical carrier carrying the first modulation information, and the optical carrier after the second encoding carries both first and second modulation information. In another embodiment, the second modulation component of the transmitting module 10 first performs a second encoding on the optical carrier, and the optical carrier after the second encoding carries second modulation information. The first modulation component then performs a first encoding on the optical carrier carrying the second modulation information, and the optical carrier after the first encoding carries both first and second modulation information. In yet another embodiment, the first and second modulation components of the transmitting module 10 simultaneously perform a first encoding and a second encoding on the optical carrier, and the optical carrier simultaneously performing both encodings carries both first and second modulation information. This application describes the first encoding first, followed by the second encoding second. In other embodiments of this application, the encoding order can be other combinations, and the transmitting module 10 performing other encoding orders also has at least the beneficial effects of the embodiments described in this application.

[0064] Compared to traditional single-dimensional encoding schemes, double encoding fully utilizes the encoded optical carrier, transmitting more data per unit time, thus significantly improving the bandwidth and efficiency of the communication system 1000. Furthermore, the signal processing component 33 can adjust the decoding algorithm according to specific communication requirements to adapt to different encoding methods and signal environments, thereby enhancing the adaptability and robustness of the communication device 100. The communication decoding method and the receiving module 30 of the communication device 100 provided in this application can photoelectrically convert the encoded optical carrier carrying the first modulation information and the second modulation information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain the first modulation information and the second modulation information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, improving the efficiency of optical signal decoding.

[0065] In a further embodiment where the first encoding is amplitude encoding and the second encoding is spin encoding, the first modulation component is an amplitude modulation component used to encode the amplitude of the optical carrier, the first modulation information is amplitude information, and the amplitude information is positively correlated with the current of the driving circuit; the second encoding is spin encoding, the second modulation component is a spin modulation component used to spin encode the optical carrier, the second modulation information is spin information, and the encoded optical carrier carries both amplitude information and spin information.

[0066] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the communication coding method includes:

[0067] 011: Perform a first encoding on the optical carrier, the first encoding being amplitude encoding, and the first modulation information being amplitude information; and

[0068] 013: Perform a second encoding on the optical carrier. The second encoding is a spin coding, and the second modulation information is spin information. The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and spin information.

[0069] The aforementioned communication coding method can be applied to the transmitting module 10 of the communication device 100. The transmitting module 10 includes an amplitude modulation component 11 and a spin modulation component 13. The amplitude modulation component 11 is used to perform amplitude coding on the optical carrier to obtain amplitude information. The spin modulation component 13 is used to perform spin coding on the optical carrier to obtain spin information, thereby obtaining an encoded optical carrier. The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and spin information.

[0070] Specifically, the transmitting module 10 is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals (optical carriers) and perform at least two amplitude modulation and spin modulations on the optical carriers to achieve multi-dimensional encoding of the optical carriers. In one embodiment of this application, the amplitude modulation component 11 includes a driving circuit 111 and a light source 113. The driving circuit 111 is used to generate current, and the light source 113 is used to emit an optical carrier with a specific amplitude. In other embodiments, the optical signal can also be connected to an external light source. That is, the optical signal in this application can be generated by an external power supply and then amplitude modulated by the amplitude modulation component 11. It is understood that, as mentioned above, the order between the amplitude modulation component 11 and the spin modulation component 13 is not fixed. That is, in one embodiment, the amplitude modulation component of the transmitting module 10 first performs amplitude encoding on the optical carrier, and the amplitude-encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information. The spin modulation component then performs spin encoding on the optical carrier carrying amplitude information, and the spin-encoded optical carrier carries both amplitude information and spin information. In another embodiment, the spin modulation component of the transmitting module 10 first performs spin coding on the optical carrier, and the spin-coded optical carrier carries spin information. Then, the amplitude modulation component performs amplitude coding on the optical carrier carrying the spin information, and the amplitude-coded optical carrier carries both amplitude and spin information. In yet another embodiment, the amplitude modulation component and the spin modulation component of the transmitting module 10 simultaneously perform amplitude and spin coding on the optical carrier, and the optical carrier simultaneously encoded in both amplitude and spin carries both amplitude and spin information. In this application, the amplitude modulation component is described before the spin modulation component. That is, the amplitude modulation component performs amplitude coding first, and the spin modulation component performs spin coding afterwards. In other embodiments of this application, the coding order may be other combinations.

[0071] In the method of 011, the amplitude modulation component 11 adjusts the pump intensity of the light source 113 according to the current magnitude (i.e., current intensity) of the driving circuit 111, thereby controlling the amplitude of the optical carrier formed by the light source 113. The pump intensity of the light source 113 changes synchronously with the current magnitude, thereby forming optical carriers carrying different amplitude information. The light source 113 includes, but is not limited to, semiconductor lasers, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, or quantum dot lasers, etc., and is not limited in this application. Furthermore, the amplitude modulation component 11 may also include a cooling module and a power control module to ensure the stability of the light emission of the light source 113. The amplitude information carried by the optical carrier is positively correlated with the current magnitude, that is, if the current generated by the driving circuit 111 is large, the pump intensity of the light source 113 is high, and the amplitude of the optical carrier is high; if the current generated by the driving circuit 111 is small, the pump intensity of the light source 113 is low, and the amplitude of the optical carrier is low; if the current generated by the driving circuit 111 is constant, the pump intensity of the light source 113 is constant, and the amplitude of the optical carrier is constant.

[0072] In method 013, the spin modulation component 13 is used to spin-encode the optical carrier. The spin modulation component 13 achieves spin coding of the optical carrier by introducing left-handed and right-handed circular polarization information, enabling the optical carrier to carry spin information in addition to amplitude information, thus forming an coded optical carrier. Spin information and amplitude information are independent physical quantities of the optical carrier, without coupling; their modulation does not interfere with each other, ensuring the independence and stability of the optical carrier / coded optical carrier during the coding process. Thus, the coded optical carrier carries amplitude and spin information, allowing a single symbol bit to carry two bits of information, thereby improving the data transmission capability of the communication system 1000.

[0073] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the amplitude information includes high amplitude and low amplitude, the spin information includes left-handed (left-handed circular polarization) and right-handed (right-handed circular polarization), and the encoded optical carrier includes one of a high-amplitude left-handed optical carrier, a high-amplitude right-handed optical carrier, a low-amplitude left-handed optical carrier, and a low-amplitude right-handed optical carrier. In one encoding method, a high-amplitude left-handed optical carrier represents binary "00"; a low-amplitude left-handed optical carrier represents binary "01"; a high-amplitude right-handed optical carrier represents binary "10"; and a low-amplitude right-handed optical carrier represents binary "11". In other embodiments of this application, the amplitude information and spin information can be classified in other ways, and the corresponding encoding methods can also be different. Thus, compared to the traditional method where a single symbol bit carries only one bit of amplitude information, this application adds the spin dimension of the optical field to the single symbol bit, introducing left-handed and right-handed circular polarization into the encoding method. Combined with the amplitude information, this allows one symbol bit to carry two bits, doubling the communication bandwidth compared to the traditional method, and significantly improving the performance and efficiency of data communication.

[0074] The communication coding device of this application combines spin information and amplitude information. It can introduce spin information modulation without interfering with amplitude information modulation, expanding the coding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit coding, the information carrying capacity of the coded optical carrier per unit time is increased, achieving a doubling of bandwidth and improved transmission efficiency. Furthermore, spin information and amplitude information are independent physical quantities of the optical carrier, without coupling. Their modulation does not interfere with each other, ensuring the independence and stability of the coded optical carrier.

[0075] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, 013: the optical carrier is second-coded, the second coding is a spin coding, and the second modulation information is spin information, including:

[0076] 0131: Split the optical carrier into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier;

[0077] 0133: Modulate one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier; and

[0078] 0135: Combine the unmodulated one of the first and second optical carriers with the optical carrier to perform spin coding.

[0079] The aforementioned communication coding method can be applied to a spin modulation assembly 13, which includes an interference unit 131 and a modulation unit 133. The interference unit 131 includes at least an upper interference arm 1311 and a lower interference arm 1313. The interference unit 131 splits the optical carrier into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier, which then enter the upper interference arm 1311 and the lower interference arm 1313, respectively. The modulation unit 133 is located in the optical path of either the upper interference arm 1311 or the lower interference arm 1313 and is used to modulate one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier. Specifically, the first optical carrier passing through the upper interference arm 1311 and the second optical carrier passing through the lower interference arm 1313 are combined for spin coding.

[0080] Specifically, in method 031, the optical carrier is emitted to the front end of the interferometer 131. The interferometer 131 is used to physically split the optical carrier into at least two beams. The interferometer 131 includes at least two interferometer arms, and the number of beams split is equal to the number of interferometer arms. This application uses an example where the initial optical carrier beam is split into a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier, and the interferometer 131 includes at least an upper interferometer arm 1311 and a lower interferometer arm 1313. It is understood that implementations where the beam is split into more than two beams, or where the number of interferometer arms is greater than two, also include the beneficial effects of the initial optical carrier beam being split into a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier, and the interferometer 131 including at least an upper interferometer arm 1311 and a lower interferometer arm 1313. The beam splitting ratio can be 1:1 or other ratios. The first optical carrier enters the upper interferometer arm 1311, and the second optical carrier enters the lower interferometer arm 1313. The optical paths of the upper interferometer arm 1311 and the lower interferometer arm 1313 are two independent optical paths, and the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier can be transmitted independently in the upper interferometer arm 1311 or the lower interferometer arm 1313.

[0081] The modulation unit 133 is disposed in the optical path of the upper interferometer arm 1311 or the lower interferometer arm 1313. This application describes the situation with the modulation unit 133 disposed in the upper interferometer arm 1311 and the lower interferometer arm 1313 not having a modulation unit 133. It is understood that the modulation unit 133 disposed in the lower interferometer arm 1313 and the upper interferometer arm 1311 not having a modulation unit 133 also has the same effect. The modulation unit 133 of the upper interferometer arm 1311 is used to modulate the first optical carrier. Modulation includes, but is not limited to, modulation of polarization direction and phase. This application describes the implementation where modulation is of polarization direction and phase. The modulation unit 133 achieves modulation of the first optical carrier by setting a polarization adjuster (e.g., a half-wave plate 1331) and a phase adjuster (e.g., a phase shifter 1333). The polarization adjuster is responsible for changing the polarization direction of the first optical carrier, for example, changing linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light; the phase adjuster changes the phase of the first optical carrier by adjusting the optical path. The lower interferometer arm 1313 does not have a modulation unit 133, and the polarization direction and phase of the second optical carrier remain unchanged, serving as a reference optical path.

[0082] In one example, the polarization modulator of the modulation unit 133 is a waveplate, which can be a half-wave plate 1331, and the phase modulator is a phase shifter 1333. The half-wave plate 1331 is a birefringent crystal capable of changing the polarization direction of the first optical carrier. The phase shifter 1333 is used to modulate the optical path and phase of the first optical carrier. When the first optical carrier passes through the half-wave plate 1331, the half-wave plate 1331 changes the polarization angle of the first optical carrier to 90°, that is, the half-wave plate 1331 performs polarization modulation on the first optical carrier. Subsequently, the first optical carrier passes through the phase shifter 1333, and the phase shifter 1333 changes the optical path of the first optical carrier, thereby changing the phase of the first optical carrier, that is, the half-wave plate 1331 performs phase modulation on the first optical carrier. It is understood that in other embodiments of this application, a quarter-wave plate can also be used instead of the half-wave plate 1331. It is worth mentioning that the half-wave plate 1331 also causes a change in the phase of the first optical carrier. The phase shifter 1333 adjusts the phase margin of the first optical carrier after passing through the polarization adjuster. For example, the phase shifter 1333 has two phase offset values, π / 2 and -π / 2. The phase shifter 1333 can control the phase offset through voltage, transistors, LC circuits, and RC phase shift networks, etc., and the control method is not limited in this application. For example, taking voltage-controlled phase offset as an example, the modulation unit 133 can adjust the phase of the first optical carrier by changing the control voltage applied to the phase shifter. For example, when the control voltage changes, the electric field strength of the capacitor inside the phase shifter 1333 changes accordingly, thereby changing the phase of the first optical carrier.

[0083] After modulation, the first and second optical carriers are linearly polarized light, meaning their electric field vectors vibrate in a single plane. Further, the first optical carrier is modulated by a polarization modulation component (such as a half-wave plate 1331) and a phase modulation component (such as a phase shifter 1333), resulting in a phase shift of π / 2 or -π / 2. The second optical carrier maintains its original linear polarization state; therefore, the polarization directions of the first and second optical carriers are perpendicular to each other. If the first and second optical carriers with perpendicular polarization directions are combined, their electric field vectors interact, forming a rotating vector sum, thus producing circularly polarized light. Therefore, the combined optical carriers, after polarization and phase modulation, are coded optical carriers. If the phase shift is π / 2, the coded optical carrier's rotational information is right-handed (right-handed circularly polarized light); if the phase shift is -π / 2, the coded optical carrier's rotational information is left-handed (left-handed circularly polarized light). In this way, the encoded optical carrier wave undergoes encoding in two dimensions: amplitude and spin, carrying amplitude and spin information. One symbol bit will carry two bits of information, increasing the information carrying capacity of the encoded optical carrier per unit time, doubling the bandwidth and improving transmission efficiency.

[0084] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 7 This application provides a communication decoding method, comprising:

[0085] 06: Receive and perform photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The coded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, which are different.

[0086] 08: Decode the electrical signal to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0087] The above-described communication encoding method can be applied to the communication device 100. The receiving module 30 of the communication device 100 includes a photoelectric conversion component 31 and a signal processing component 33. The photoelectric conversion component 31 is used to receive and perform photoelectric conversion on the encoded optical carrier to form an electrical signal, wherein the encoded optical carrier carries first modulation information and second modulation information; the signal processing component 33 is used to decode the electrical signal to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0088] It is understood that the communication decoding method corresponds to the communication encoding method of any of the above embodiments. The photoelectric conversion component 31 receives and encodes the optical carrier as an optical carrier to extract the first modulation information and the second modulation information in the optical carrier. When the first modulation information and the second modulation information are amplitude information and spin information, the decoding method of this application is as follows. It is understood that the beneficial effects of the decoding method of this application include at least the beneficial effects of the decoding method when the first modulation information and the second modulation information are amplitude information and spin information.

[0089] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 This application provides a communication decoding method, comprising:

[0090] 061: Receives and performs photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal; the coded optical carrier carries amplitude and rotational information; and

[0091] 081: Decode the electrical signal to extract at least the amplitude and curl information.

[0092] The above-described communication encoding method can be applied to the communication device 100. The receiving module 30 of the communication device 100 includes a photoelectric conversion component 31 and a signal processing component 33. The photoelectric conversion component 31 is used to receive and perform photoelectric conversion on the encoded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and curl information. The signal processing component 33 is used to decode the electrical signal to extract at least the amplitude information and curl information.

[0093] Specifically, an coded optical carrier carrying amplitude and rotation information is transmitted from an optical fiber into a receiving module 30. The receiving module 30 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and reads the amplitude and rotation information, thereby realizing the reading of the optical signal. A photoelectric conversion component 31 receives and performs photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The amplitude and rotation information carried by the coded optical carrier are reflected as the current magnitude and direction information of the electrical signal, respectively, during the photoelectric conversion process. A signal processing component 33 decodes the electrical signal, restoring the amplitude and rotation information of the coded optical carrier carried in the electrical signal back into digital information.

[0094] Compared to traditional one-dimensional encoding schemes (which only carry amplitude information), the extraction of amplitude and spin information can fully utilize the encoded optical carrier, transmitting more data per unit time, thereby significantly improving the bandwidth and efficiency of the communication system 1000. Furthermore, the signal processing component 33 can adjust the decoding algorithm according to specific communication requirements to adapt to different encoding methods and signal environments, thereby enhancing the adaptability and robustness of the communication device 100.

[0095] The communication decoding method and the receiving module 30 of the communication device 100 provided in this application can perform photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier carrying amplitude information and spin information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain amplitude information and spin information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, and the efficiency of optical signal decoding is improved.

[0096] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, 061: Receiving and photoelectrically converting the coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal includes:

[0097] 0611: Receive the coded optical carrier and modulate it;

[0098] 0613: The modulated coded optical carrier is photoelectrically converted to form an electrical signal;

[0099] 0615: Receive and amplify the electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the signal processing component 33.

[0100] The aforementioned communication decoding method can be applied to the photoelectric conversion component 31. The photoelectric conversion component 31 includes a modulation unit 311, a photodetector unit 313, and an amplification unit 315. The modulation unit 311 receives and modulates the coded optical carrier, including at least one of focusing, divergence, beam splitting, reflection, refraction, and diffraction. The photodetector unit 313 performs photoelectric conversion on the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. It should be noted that the "modulation" in the following description of the modulated coded optical carrier refers to the modulation performed by the modulation unit 311 on the coded optical carrier. The amplification unit 315 receives and amplifies the electrical signal and transmits it to the signal processing component 33.

[0101] Specifically, in the method of 0611, the modulation optical unit 311 is used to receive the coded optical carrier and modulate it. The modulation includes at least one of focusing, divergence, beam splitting, reflection, refraction, and diffraction. In this application, the modulation optical unit 311 is a focusing lens, which is used to focus the modulation of the coded optical carrier to form a modulated coded optical carrier with enhanced light field intensity. In other embodiments of this application, the modulated coded optical carrier may be a modulated coded optical carrier that has undergone other modulations (e.g., at least one of divergence, beam splitting, reflection, refraction, and diffraction). Further, the focusing lens may include one or more lenses, and the shape of the lens may be circular, elliptical, triangular, quadrilateral, or other polygonal. The material of the lens is not limited in this application. In embodiments where the lens material is glass, glass lenses have low temperature drift, which can ensure that no distortion occurs during the transmission of the coded optical carrier; plastic lenses are low-cost, which can reduce the cost of the modulation optical unit 311. The materials of the multiple lenses of the focusing lens may be the same, all different, or partially different.

[0102] In the method of 0613, a photodetector unit 313 is placed at the focal point of the focusing lens, and the modulated coded optical carrier focused by the focusing lens is emitted to the photodetector unit 313. Placing the photodetector unit 313 at the focal point of the focusing lens ensures that the light field intensity of the modulated coded optical carrier is concentrated in the photosensitive area of ​​the photodetector unit 313, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The photodetector unit 313 may include photodetectors such as photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, or PIN photodiodes, used to convert the received modulated coded optical carrier into a corresponding electrical signal. In this application, the photodetector unit 313 uses graphene, which will be described in detail below. The material and parameters of the photodetector unit 313 can be adjusted according to different application scenarios, such as adjusting the photosensitive range, response speed, and sensitivity of the photodetector unit 313 to adapt to different communication bands and data rate requirements. By precisely aligning the focusing lens with the photodetector unit 313, light energy loss can be effectively reduced, photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved, and the amplitude and rotational information in the modulated coded optical carrier can be accurately preserved and transmitted to the electrical signal.

[0103] In the method of 0615, the amplification unit 315 receives and amplifies the electrical signal output by the photodetector unit 313 to ensure that the strength of the electrical signal meets the input requirements of the signal processing component 33. The amplification unit 315 can employ a low-noise amplifier (LNA) or a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to achieve high-gain amplification of weak signals while maximally suppressing noise interference and improving the quality of the electrical signal. Furthermore, this application uses a transimpedance amplifier, which has a wide frequency response and can perform high-speed data transmission to ensure the input and output efficiency of the electrical signal. The amplification unit 315 can also be combined with filtering devices to remove high-frequency noise or low-frequency baseline drift in the electrical signal, further improving the stability of the electrical signal. The amplification unit 315 not only preserves the electrical signal characteristics corresponding to the optical properties in the modulated coded optical carrier but also provides reliable input conditions (i.e., electrical signals) for the subsequent decoding process of the signal processing component 33.

[0104] Please see Figures 7 to 12 In some embodiments, 613: photoelectric conversion is performed on the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal, including:

[0105] 06131: By using the bias electrode 3131 to open the band gap 31335 of the photoelectric conversion element 3133, the photoelectric conversion element 3133 exhibits circular dichroism; and

[0106] 06133: The modulated coded optical carrier passes through the band gap 31335 and causes the electrons in the photoelectric conversion device 3133 to generate an electrical signal. The magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is positively correlated with the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is related to the rotational information.

[0107] The aforementioned communication decoding method can be applied to the photoelectric detection unit 313. The photoelectric detection unit 313 includes a bias electrode 3131, a photoelectric converter 3133, and a detection electrode 3135. The bias electrode 3131 is used to open the band gap 31335 of the photoelectric converter 3133, enabling the photoelectric converter 3133 to possess circular dichroism. This application describes the photoelectric converter 3133 as being composed of a single layer or multiple layers of graphene. In other embodiments of this application, the photoelectric converter 3133 can be any other material that can possess circular dichroism after opening the band gap 31335. The photoelectric converter 3133 includes a band gap 31335. After opening the band gap 31335, the photoelectric converter 3133 possesses circular dichroism. The modulated coded optical carrier passes through the band gap 31335. Electrons in the photoelectric converter 3133 absorb the energy of the modulated coded optical carrier and generate an electrical signal. The magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is positively correlated with the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is correlated with the rotational information. The detection electrode 3135 is used to receive the electrical signal generated by electrons and transmit it to the amplification unit 315.

[0108] Specifically, in traditional photoelectric detection devices, a PN junction made of group III-V semiconductor materials is used to achieve the photoelectric conversion process, but this structure cannot detect rotational information. This application uses a photoelectric converter 3133 for photoelectric conversion, enabling synchronous decoupling of amplitude and rotational information. In the method described in 06131, the bias electrode 3131 introduces an external electric field into the photoelectric converter 3133 by applying a voltage, thereby opening the band gap 31335 between the conduction band 31333 and the valence band 31331 of the graphene. The formation of the band gap 31335 breaks the zero band gap characteristic of graphene itself, enabling graphene to selectively respond to the modulated coded optical carrier. That is, the graphene with the band gap 31335 open can produce different responses to the modulated coded optical carrier carrying different amplitude and rotational information, thus forming different electrical signals. The bias electrode 3131 can be made of a highly conductive metal, such as gold, silver, or aluminum, and its shape and size can be matched to the area of ​​the photoelectric conversion element 3133 and optical requirements. In addition, the voltage applied to the bias electrode 3131 can be a constant value or dynamically adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to modulated coded optical carriers of different intensities.

[0109] In the method of 06133, the photoelectric conversion element 3133 is composed of single-layer or multi-layer graphene. The graphene with an open bandgap 31335 enables the synchronous decoupling of the amplitude and rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier. The graphene with an open bandgap 31335 exhibits spatial reversal asymmetry and temporal reversal symmetry, and due to the presence of its internal Bailey phase, it displays circular dichroism, meaning that the electronic behavior in left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light fields shows a clear difference. Based on this, the rotational and amplitude information of the modulated coded optical carrier can be detected by detecting the direction and magnitude of the electrical signal current. Furthermore, materials with similar properties to graphene, such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide, can be used in other embodiments of this application. Circular dichroism manifests as the difference in the absorption capacity of graphene for left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light; the strength of the absorption rate depends on the width of the bandgap 31335, the magnitude of the bias voltage, and the wavelength of the modulated coded optical carrier. Specifically, the width of the bandgap 31335 can be controlled by adjusting the bias voltage and the number of graphene layers. When the modulated coded optical carrier passes through the bandgap 31335 of the photoelectric converter 3133, the energy of the modulated coded optical carrier is absorbed by electrons in the graphene. During the transition process, the electrons release energy and generate an electrical signal, thereby realizing the conversion between optical and electrical signals. The amplitude of the electrical signal is directly positively correlated with the amplitude information of the modulated coded optical carrier, while the direction of the electrical signal is related to the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier. Thus, the photoelectric converter 3133 can convert the amplitude and rotational information in the modulated coded optical carrier into the current magnitude and direction information of the electrical signal, realizing the conversion from optical to electrical signals. The photoelectric converter 3133 has an extremely high response speed, capable of capturing optical signals and converting electrical signals in the picosecond range. The detection electrode 3135 is used to receive the electrical signal generated by the electron transition in the photoelectric converter 3133 and transmit the electrical signal to the amplification unit 315. The detection electrode 3135 is made of a highly conductive, low-contact-resistance metallic material, such as gold, silver, or copper. Furthermore, the detection electrode 3135 can integrate filtering functionality to reduce noise interference.

[0110] Through the bias electrode 3131, photoelectric conversion element 3133 and detection electrode 3135, the photoelectric detection unit 313 can capture the information in the modulated coded optical carrier, and synchronously decouple the spin information and amplitude information into the corresponding direction and current magnitude information of the electrical signal, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of optical signal decoding.

[0111] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 14 In some embodiments, 06133: the modulated coded optical carrier passes through the bandgap 31335 and causes the electrons in the photoelectric conversion element 3133 to generate an electrical signal, including:

[0112] 07331: Determine the magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal based on the amplitude information; the amplitude information is positively correlated with the current magnitude.

[0113] 07332: When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, a positively oriented electrical signal is generated;

[0114] 07333: When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, an electrical signal with the opposite direction is generated.

[0115] The aforementioned communication decoding method can be applied to the photoelectric converter 3133. The electrons in the photoelectric converter 3133 determine the magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal based on the amplitude information, which is positively correlated with the current magnitude. When the spin information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, the electrons in the photoelectric converter 3133 generate a positively oriented electrical signal; when the spin information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, the electrons in the photoelectric converter 3133 generate a negatively oriented electrical signal.

[0116] Specifically, after introducing a bias electric field, a band gap 31335 appears between the valence band 31331 and the conduction band 31333 of the graphene. With the band gap 31335 opened, the K and K' points of the graphene exhibit obvious circular dichroism. At the K point, only the modulated coded optical carrier with left-handed circularly polarized light can excite electrons. After absorbing the photon energy of the modulated coded optical carrier, the electrons transition from the valence band 31331 to the conduction band 31333. Once in the conduction band 31333, the electrons can move and generate a current, thus converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. However, for the modulated coded optical carrier with right-handed circularly polarized light, electrons near the K point do not respond and cannot absorb photon energy, thus preventing the photoelectric conversion process. Point K' is the opposite of point K. Only modulated coded optical carriers with right-hand circularly polarized light can excite electrons. After absorbing the photon energy of the modulated coded optical carrier, the electrons transition from the valence band 31331 to the conduction band 31333. After transitioning to the conduction band 31333, the electrons can move and generate current, thus converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. However, for modulated coded optical carriers with left-hand circularly polarized light, electrons near point K do not respond and cannot absorb photon energy, so the photoelectric conversion process cannot occur. Specifically, the electron population distribution in the conduction band 31333 of modulated coded optical carriers with left-hand circularly polarized light is opposite to that of modulated coded optical carriers with right-hand circularly polarized light, resulting in currents in opposite directions. That is, modulated coded optical carriers with left-hand circularly polarized light generate a positive electrical signal, while modulated coded optical carriers with right-hand circularly polarized light generate a negative electrical signal. In some embodiments, the detection electrode 3135 includes a positive electrode 31351 and a reverse electrode 31352. The positive electrode 31351 is used to detect and receive electrical signals in a positive direction, and the reverse electrode 31352 is used to detect and receive electrical signals in a negative direction. After receiving the electrical signals, the positive electrode 31351 and the reverse electrode 31352 transmit them to the amplification unit 315.

[0117] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 15 This application provides a communication method in which an optical carrier is encoded using a communication encoding method according to any of the above embodiments to obtain an encoded optical carrier. The encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information. The encoded optical carrier is decoded using a communication decoding method according to any of the above embodiments to obtain at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

[0118] The above communication method can be applied to a communication device 100, which includes a transmitting module 10 according to any of the above embodiments; and / or a receiving module 30 according to any of the above embodiments.

[0119] Specifically, the communication method and / or communication device 100 of this application can combine the first modulation information and the second modulation information. It can introduce the modulation of the second modulation information without interfering with the modulation of the first modulation information, expanding the encoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit encoding, the information carrying capacity of the encoded optical carrier per unit time is increased, achieving a doubling of bandwidth and improved transmission efficiency. Furthermore, it can perform photoelectric conversion on the encoded optical carrier carrying the first and second modulation information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain the first and second modulation information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, improving the efficiency of optical signal decoding.

[0120] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 16 In some embodiments, the communication device 100 includes an optical line terminal 300 and / or an optical network unit 500.

[0121] Specifically, the communication device 100 includes an optical line terminal 300 and / or an optical network unit 500. The optical line terminal 300 and / or the optical network unit 500 can combine spin information with amplitude information. Without interfering with the modulation of amplitude information, they can introduce modulation of spin information, expanding the encoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit encoding, the information carrying capacity of the encoded optical carrier per unit time is increased, doubling the bandwidth and improving transmission efficiency. Furthermore, spin information and amplitude information are independent physical quantities of the optical carrier, without coupling. Their modulation does not interfere with each other, ensuring the independence and stability of the encoded optical carrier. They can also perform photoelectric conversion on the modulated encoded optical carrier carrying amplitude and spin information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain the amplitude and spin information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, improving the efficiency of optical signal decoding.

[0122] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 16This application provides a communication system 1000. The communication system 1000 includes an optical line terminal (OLT) 300, optical network units (ONUs) 500, and a beam splitter 700. The OLT 300 includes a communication device 100 according to any of the above embodiments, used to transmit and receive signals via the communication device 100 to communicate with the ONU 500. The signals include coded optical carriers and electrical signals. The ONU 500 includes the communication device 100 according to any of the above embodiments, used to transmit and receive signals via the communication device 100 to communicate with the OLT 300. The beam splitter 700 is used to distribute signals transmitted from the OLT 300 to multiple ONUs 500, or to combine signals returned from multiple ONUs 500 back to the OLT 300.

[0123] Specifically, the communication system 1000 provided in this application includes an optical line terminal (OLT) 300, an optical network unit (ONU) 500, and a splitter 700. The OLT 300 is connected to an optical fiber and manages the ONUs 500, allocating independent optical fiber ports and network resources to each ONU. The splitter 700 connects the OLT 300 and multiple ONUs 500 via optical fibers and is used for physical splitting, thereby distributing and combining signals. During signal distribution, the splitter 700 distributes the optical / electrical signals emitted by the OLT 300 to each ONU 500 according to a certain power ratio, while ensuring that the signal quality is not significantly attenuated. During signal combining, the splitter 700 integrates the optical / electrical signals returned from multiple ONUs 500 and transmits the combined signal to the OLT 300. The optical network unit 500 includes, but is not limited to, actuators and sensors. Each actuator or sensor is connected to an optical fiber. Sensors include, but are not limited to, cameras and lidar, while actuators include, but are not limited to, screens and streaming rearview mirrors. The optical fiber employs a single-fiber, bidirectional transmission mode. Both the optical line terminal 300 and the optical network unit 500 are equipped with a communication device 100 according to any of the above embodiments. The optical line terminal 300 transmits and receives signals (optical / electrical signals) through the communication device 100. The transmitted signal may include an encoded optical signal, i.e., an optical carrier, and the received signal is either an optical signal returned by multiple optical network units 500 or a processed electrical signal. The communication device 100 of the optical network unit 500 can not only receive optical signals from the optical line terminal 300 and decode them, but also generate electrical signals on the user side and transmit optical signals to the optical line terminal 300 through the communication device 100.

[0124] The communication system 1000 of this application can combine first modulation information and second modulation information. It can introduce the modulation of second modulation information without interfering with the modulation of the first modulation information, expanding the coding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit encoding, the information carrying capacity of the encoded optical carrier per unit time is increased, achieving a doubling of bandwidth and improved transmission efficiency. Furthermore, it can perform photoelectric conversion on the encoded optical carrier carrying the first and second modulation information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain the first and second modulation information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, improving the efficiency of optical signal decoding.

[0125] The application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method. This computer-readable storage medium possesses all the beneficial effects of the above-described communication encoding method, communication decoding method, and communication method, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0126] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-described method and has all the beneficial effects of the above-described communication encoding method, communication decoding method, and communication method, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0127] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 17 This application provides a vehicle 10000. The vehicle 10000 includes a communication system 1000 according to any of the above embodiments.

[0128] Specifically, vehicle 10,000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc., and are not limited in this application.

[0129] The communication system 1000 of the vehicle 1000 of this application can combine the first modulation information and the second modulation information. It can introduce the modulation of the second modulation information without interfering with the modulation of the first modulation information, expanding the encoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit encoding, the information carrying capacity of the modulated coded optical carrier per unit time is increased, achieving a doubling of bandwidth and improved transmission efficiency. Furthermore, it can perform photoelectric conversion on the modulated coded optical carrier carrying the first and second modulation information to form an electrical signal, and decode the electrical signal to obtain the first and second modulation information, thereby expanding the decoding capability of a single symbol bit from 1 bit to 2 bits. Through double-bit decoding, the amount of information decoded per unit time is increased, improving the efficiency of optical signal decoding.

[0130] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments of this application without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transmitting module (10) of a communication device (100), characterized in that, At least including: The first modulation component and the second modulation component are used to encode the optical carrier to obtain the encoded optical carrier; The first modulation component is used to perform a first encoding on the optical carrier to obtain first modulation information; The second modulation component is used to perform a second encoding on the optical carrier to obtain second modulation information; The coded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, wherein the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different.

2. The transmitting module (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first encoding is amplitude encoding, the first modulation component is an amplitude modulation component (11) used to perform amplitude encoding on the optical carrier, and the first modulation information is amplitude information; The second encoding is a spin coding, the second modulation component is a spin modulation component (13), used to perform the spin coding on the optical carrier, and the second modulation information is spin information; The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and rotational information.

3. The transmitting module (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spin modulation component (13) includes: An interference unit (131) includes at least an upper interference arm (1311) and a lower interference arm (1313). The interference unit (131) splits the optical carrier into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier, the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier respectively entering the upper interference arm (1311) and the lower interference arm (1313); and A modulation unit (133) is disposed in the optical path of the upper interferometer arm (1311) or the lower interferometer arm (1313) and is used to modulate one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier. The first optical carrier passing through the upper interferometer arm (1311) and the second optical carrier passing through the lower interferometer arm (1313) are combined to perform spin coding.

4. The transmitting module (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The modulation unit (133) includes: Waveplate (1331) for modulating the polarization direction of the first optical carrier or the second optical carrier; and A phase shifter (1333) is used to modulate the phase of the first optical carrier or the second optical carrier.

5. The transmitting module (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amplitude modulation component (11) is located before the spin modulation component (13).

6. The transmitting module (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amplitude information includes high amplitude and low amplitude, the rotation information includes left-hand rotation and right-hand rotation, and the encoded optical carrier includes one of high-amplitude left-hand rotation optical carrier, high-amplitude right-hand rotation optical carrier, low-amplitude left-hand rotation optical carrier, and low-amplitude right-hand rotation optical carrier.

7. A receiving module (30) of a communication device (100), characterized in that, include: The photoelectric conversion component (31) is used to receive the encoded optical carrier and perform photoelectric conversion on the encoded optical carrier to form an electrical signal. The encoded optical carrier carries at least a first modulation information and a second modulation information, and the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different. and Signal processing component (33) is used to decode the electrical signal to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

8. The receiving module (30) according to claim 7, characterized in that, The photoelectric conversion component (31) includes: A modulation optical unit (311) is used to receive the encoded optical carrier and modulate the encoded optical carrier; The photoelectric detection unit (313) performs photoelectric conversion on the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal; and The amplification unit (315) receives and amplifies the electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the signal processing component (33).

9. The receiving module (30) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first modulation information is amplitude information; and The second modulation information is spin information.

10. The receiving module (30) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photoelectric detection unit (313) includes: Bias electrode (3131) is used to open the band gap (31335) of the photoelectric conversion element (3133); A photoelectric converter (3133) includes a bandgap (31335). The modulated coded optical carrier passes through the bandgap (31335), causing the photoelectric converter (3133) to generate an electrical signal. The magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is related to the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is related to the rotational information. The detection electrode (3135) is used to receive the electrical signal and transmit it to the amplification unit (315).

11. The receiving module (30) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The amplitude information is positively correlated with the magnitude of the current. When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, the photoelectric conversion device (3133) generates an electrical signal with a positive direction. When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, the photoelectric converter (3133) generates an electrical signal in the opposite direction.

12. The receiving module (30) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The detection electrode (3135) includes a positive electrode (31351) and a negative electrode (31352). The positive electrode (31351) is used to detect and receive electrical signals in the positive direction, and the negative electrode (31352) is used to detect and receive electrical signals in the negative direction.

13. A communication device (100), characterized in that, include: The transmitting module (10) according to any one of claims 1-6; and / or, The receiving module (30) according to any one of claims 7-12.

14. A communication system (1000), characterized in that, include: An optical line terminal (300) includes a communication device (100) as described in claim 13, for transmitting and receiving signals through the communication device (100) to communicate with an optical network unit (500), the signals including coded optical carriers and electrical signals; An optical network unit (500) includes a communication device (100) as described in claim 13, for transmitting and receiving the signal through the communication device (100) and communicating with the optical line terminal (300); and A splitter (700) is used to distribute the signal emitted by the optical line terminal (300) to a plurality of optical network units (500), or to combine the signals returned by the plurality of optical network units (500) back to the optical line terminal (300).

15. A communication coding method for use in the transmitting module (10) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include, The optical carrier is subjected to at least a first encoding and a second encoding to obtain the encoded optical carrier, the encoded optical carrier carrying at least a first modulation information and a second modulation information, the first modulation information and the second modulation information being different.

16. The communication coding method according to claim 15, characterized in that, Performing the first encoding on the optical carrier includes: The first encoding is amplitude encoding, and the first modulation information is amplitude information; The second encoding of the optical carrier includes: The second encoding is a spin code, and the second modulation information is spin information; The encoded optical carrier carries amplitude information and rotational information.

17. The communication coding method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The second encoding is a spin encoding, including: The optical carrier is split into at least a first optical carrier and a second optical carrier; Modulate one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier; and The unmodulated one of the first optical carrier and the second optical carrier is combined with the modulated optical carrier to perform spin coding.

18. A communication decoding method, used in the receiving module (30) according to any one of claims 7-12, characterized in that, include: The encoded optical carrier is received and photoelectrically converted to form an electrical signal. The encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information, and the first modulation information and the second modulation information are different. and The electrical signal is decoded to extract at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

19. The communication decoding method according to claim 18, characterized in that, Receiving and performing photoelectric conversion on the coded optical carrier includes: Receive the coded optical carrier and modulate the coded optical carrier; The modulated coded optical carrier is photoelectrically converted to form an electrical signal; The electrical signal is received and amplified, and then transmitted to the signal processing component (33).

20. The communication decoding method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The first modulation information is amplitude information; The second modulation information is spin information.

21. The communication decoding method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The step of photoelectric conversion of the modulated coded optical carrier to form an electrical signal includes: By using a bias electrode (3131) to open the band gap (31335) of the photoelectric converter (3133), the photoelectric converter (3133) acquires circular dichroism; and The modulated coded optical carrier passes through the band gap (31335), causing the photoelectric converter (3133) to generate an electrical signal. The magnitude of the current corresponding to the electrical signal is related to the amplitude information, and the direction of the electrical signal is related to the rotational information.

22. The communication decoding method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The modulated coded optical carrier passes through the bandgap (31335) and causes the photoelectric converter (3133) to generate an electrical signal, including: The amplitude information is positively correlated with the magnitude of the current in the electrical signal; When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is left-handed, a positively oriented electrical signal is generated. When the rotational information of the modulated coded optical carrier is right-handed, an electrical signal with the opposite direction is generated.

23. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The optical carrier is encoded using the communication coding method according to any one of claims 15-17 to obtain the encoded optical carrier, wherein the encoded optical carrier carries at least first modulation information and second modulation information; and, The coded optical carrier is decoded using the communication decoding method according to any one of claims 18-22 to obtain at least the first modulation information and the second modulation information.

24. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 23.

25. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 24.

26. A vehicle (10000), characterized in that, Includes the communication system (1000) as described in claim 14.

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