Anti-wear domestic ceramic and its production process

Abstract

This invention relates to an anti-wear daily-use ceramic and its manufacturing process, belonging to the field of ceramic technology. The glaze layer of this ceramic comprises the following raw materials by weight: 15-22 parts sodium feldspar, 5-8 parts potassium feldspar, 12-15 parts quartz, 8-12 parts zircon, 6-10 parts calcite, 9-13 parts Suzhou clay, 25-33 parts ceramic frit, 11-18 parts composite anti-wear agent, and 7-10 parts zinc oxide. The core material of the composite anti-wear agent is magnesium aluminum spinel. After sealing with silica, the specific gravity of the magnesium aluminum spinel is greatly reduced, allowing it to remain stably suspended in the glaze and thus uniformly dispersed within it, providing uniform anti-wear properties. The calcium oxide-doped silica at the sealing points has a lower melting point, acting as a weld, enabling the core material magnesium aluminum spinel to sinter with other components to form a continuous sintered layer. This has a positive effect on improving the wear resistance of the glaze layer and slowing down the deterioration of its gloss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ceramic materials technology, specifically relating to a wear-resistant daily-use ceramic and its production process. Background Technology

[0002] Daily-use ceramics are characterized by good thermal stability, resistance to chemical corrosion, and aesthetic appeal, making them a top choice for everyday use and holding an important position in the ceramics market. However, the wear resistance of daily-use ceramics still needs improvement. Some ceramic products are used frequently and experience constant friction, easily resulting in various scratches on the glaze surface. These scratches are often impossible to remove through cleaning, affecting the appearance and lifespan of the ceramic glaze and causing some waste. Improving the wear resistance of the glaze can not only significantly improve the performance and user experience of ceramic products and extend their lifespan, but also help reduce resource and energy waste.

[0003] To improve the wear resistance of ceramic glazes, existing technologies mainly employ the method of adding wear-resistant media, which is simple, easy to implement, and inexpensive, suitable for the production process of daily-use ceramics. Among these, magnesium aluminum spinel has high hardness and high wear resistance, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to that of traditional ceramic glazes, making it an effective wear-resistant reinforcing material for ceramic glazes. However, the specific gravity of magnesium aluminum spinel is much higher than that of traditional glaze components, making it difficult to disperse evenly in the glaze and limiting its improvement in wear resistance. Furthermore, its melting point is much higher than the sintering temperature of traditional glazes, resulting in a large number of unmelted defects in the glaze layer, which significantly affects the gloss of the glaze and greatly limits its use in glazes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a wear-resistant daily ceramic and its production process.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A wear-resistant daily ceramic, comprising a bisque and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 15-22 parts of sodium feldspar, 5-8 parts of potassium feldspar, 12-15 parts of quartz, 8-12 parts of zircon, 6-10 parts of calcite, 9-13 parts of Suzhou clay, 25-33 parts of ceramic frit, 11-18 parts of composite anti-wear agent, and 7-10 parts of zinc oxide; The preparation method of the composite anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Step A1: Chloroacetic acid, triethylamine and toluene are added and protected with dry nitrogen gas. The mixture is premixed at 65-75℃ and stirred at 60-90 rpm. Silane coupling agent KH-550 is added and reacted for 2-3 hours. The temperature is then increased to 90-100℃ and the reaction continues for 1-1.4 hours. After the reaction is complete, toluene is removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the coupling agent. Step A2: The porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent and 40% ethanol solution are ultrasonically dispersed and the pH is adjusted to 3-4 with formic acid. The temperature is controlled at 40-55℃ in a water bath and stirred at 180-240 rpm. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is slowly added and reacted for 1.5-2.2 hours. Then, the mixture is neutralized with calcium hydroxide solution and allowed to stand. The bottom precipitate is taken, washed and dried to obtain the organosilicon modified matrix. Step A3: Place the organosilicon-modified matrix in a calcination furnace and calcine it at 320-350℃ for 2.5-3 hours in an air atmosphere. Then, slowly raise the temperature to 450-500℃ and continue calcining for 1-1.5 hours. After cooling, grind and pulverize to obtain the composite anti-wear agent.

[0006] Furthermore, the feed ratio of silane coupling agent KH-550, chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene is 0.1 mol: 0.2 mol: 15-20 mL: 85-100 mL. In an anhydrous environment, under the promotion of triethylamine, chloroacetic acid reacts with the amino substitution reaction of silane coupling agent KH-550 to form a compound containing ethoxysilane.

[0007] The feeding ratio of porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder, coupling agent, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 40% ethanol solution is 100g: 4.2-5.5g: 8-11g: 150-200mL. The porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder has a large pore edge curvature and high surface energy, forming a large number of hydroxyl groups in the ethanol aqueous solution environment. The coupling agent preferentially hydrolyzes and forms a coupling load at the pore edge. Then, tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolyzes and continues to hydrolyze and couple with the hydrolysate of the coupling agent as the active core, forming a large amount of silica gel at the pore edge of the porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder. The glycine structure introduced by the coupling agent forms a complexation effect, enriching the silica gel and doping calcium ions in the solution.

[0008] Furthermore, the rapid heating rate is 8-10℃ / min, and the slow heating rate is 4-6℃ / min. Under high-temperature calcination, the silica gel is transformed into silica to seal the micropores of the porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, while the calcium compounds are decomposed and oxidized into calcium oxides to dope the silica.

[0009] The method for preparing the porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder is as follows: magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and borax are premixed, and then aluminum sol is added and ground to form a mixture; the mixture is pressed into shape at 10-12 MPa, and then sintered at 950-1020℃ for 3-3.5h. After cooling, it is crushed and ground to obtain porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder.

[0010] Furthermore, the aluminum sol contains aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax in a feeding ratio of 1 mol: 0.38-0.42 mol: 0.08-0.12 mol: 6-10 g. Magnesium carbonate is used as a raw material and a pore-forming agent to produce magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder with a porous structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder has a particle size of no more than 50 μm, making it easy to uniformly disperse composite anti-wear agents in the glaze.

[0012] The present invention also provides a manufacturing process for wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, for producing the aforementioned wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Mix all the raw materials of the glaze with water, grind and sieve, and adjust the specific gravity of the slurry to 1.8±0.05. Then add 0.4wt% carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.08wt% sodium humate to the slurry, mix well, and let stand for 5 days to obtain the glaze. Step S2: Spray glaze onto the surface of the unglazed blank, controlling the glaze application rate to be 460-580 g / m². 2 After drying, the ceramic is placed in a kiln and fired at 1200-1250℃ for 12 hours to form a glaze layer. After cooling, it becomes wear-resistant daily ceramic.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention introduces a self-developed composite anti-wear agent into the glaze of traditional daily-use ceramics, effectively improving the wear resistance of the glaze layer. This composite anti-wear agent uses magnesium carbonate as a pore-forming agent, co-sintering it with magnesium oxide and aluminum sol to form porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder with a microporous structure. Chloroacetic acid reacts with the amino substitution reaction of the silane coupling agent KH-550 to form a compound containing ethoxysilane, i.e., a coupling aid. In a liquid phase environment, this compound is enriched at the pore edges of the porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder through coupling. Subsequently, it is co-hydrolyzed with tetraethyl orthosilicate, forming a large amount of silica gel at the pore edges of the porous magnesium-aluminum spinel micropowder. The glycine structure introduced by the coupling aid forms a complexation effect, enriching the silica gel and doping it with calcium ions in the solution. After calcination, the silica gel... The process involves converting silica to seal the micropores of porous magnesium aluminate spinel powder, while simultaneously decomposing and oxidizing calcium oxides to dope the silica. The core material of the composite anti-wear agent is magnesium aluminate spinel, which has high hardness and wear resistance. After the silica seals the pores, it significantly reduces the specific gravity of the magnesium aluminate spinel, allowing it to remain stably suspended in the glaze and thus disperse evenly, providing uniform anti-wear protection. It also has minimal impact on the gloss of the glaze. During sintering, the silica doped with calcium oxide at the sealing points has a lower melting point, acting as a weld, allowing the core magnesium aluminate spinel to sinter with other components to form a continuous sintered layer. This has a positive effect on improving the wear resistance of the glaze and slowing down the deterioration of its gloss. The prepared ceramic material has high wear resistance while maintaining good gloss. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] The ceramic frit used in this invention is a transparent frit, numbered DT215, purchased from Dayang Ceramic Raw Materials Co., Ltd.

[0016] Example 1: Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, the specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Preparation of porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder: Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were premixed, then added to alumina sol and ground to form a mixture. The mixture was pressed into shape at 10 MPa and then sintered at 950℃ for 3.5 h. The alumina content of the alumina sol and the feeding ratio of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were 1 mol: 0.38 mol: 0.12 mol: 10 g. After cooling, the mixture was crushed and ground, and then sieved using a 300-mesh sieve to obtain porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder.

[0017] (2) Preparation of composite anti-wear agent: Step A1: Chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene were added and protected with dry nitrogen gas. The mixture was heated to 75°C for premixing, stirred at 90 rpm, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added and reacted for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 100°C and the reaction continued for another hour. The ratio of silane coupling agent KH-550, chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene was 0.1 mol: 0.2 mol: 20 mL: 100 mL. After the reaction was completed, toluene was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the coupling agent.

[0018] Step A2: Take porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent and 40% ethanol solution, disperse them ultrasonically and adjust the pH to 3 with formic acid, control the temperature in a water bath at 55℃, stir at 240 rpm, slowly add tetraethyl orthosilicate and react for 1.5 h. The feeding ratio of porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent, tetraethyl orthosilicate and 40% ethanol solution is 100g:5.5g:11g:200mL. Then neutralize with calcium hydroxide solution and let stand. Take the bottom precipitate, wash and dry it to obtain organosilicon modified matrix.

[0019] Step A3: Place the organosilicon-modified matrix in a calcination furnace and calcine it at 350°C for 2.5 hours with a rapid heating rate of 8°C / min under air atmosphere. Then, calcine it at 500°C for 1 hour with a slow heating rate of 4°C / min. After cooling, grind and pulverize it to obtain the composite anti-wear agent.

[0020] (3) Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics: Step S1: According to the weight proportions, 22 parts of sodium feldspar, 7 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of quartz, 10 parts of zircon, 6 parts of calcite, 11 parts of Suzhou clay, 25 parts of ceramic frit, 11 parts of composite anti-wear agent, and 10 parts of zinc oxide are mixed and added to a grinding mill. Water is added and the mixture is ground, and the residue on a 325-mesh sieve is controlled to be no more than 0.1%. Water is added again to adjust the specific gravity of the slurry to 1.8±0.05. Then, 0.4wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.08wt% of sodium humate are added to the slurry and mixed well. The mixture is allowed to stand and age for 5 days to obtain the glaze.

[0021] Step S2: Take a plate-shaped unglazed blank as the substrate, spray glaze onto the surface of the blank, and control the glaze application amount to 460g / m². 2 After drying, the ceramic is placed in a kiln and fired at 1200℃ for 12 hours to form a glaze layer. After cooling, it becomes wear-resistant daily-use ceramic.

[0022] Example 2: Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, the specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Preparation of porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder: Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were premixed, then added to alumina sol and ground to form a mixture. The mixture was pressed into shape at 12 MPa and then sintered at 1020℃ for 3 hours. The alumina content of the alumina sol and the feeding ratio of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were 1 mol: 0.42 mol: 0.08 mol: 6 g. After cooling, the mixture was crushed and ground, and then sieved using a 300-mesh sieve to obtain porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder.

[0023] (2) Preparation of composite anti-wear agent: Step A1: Chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene were added and protected with dry nitrogen gas. The mixture was heated to 65°C for premixing, stirred at 60 rpm, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added and reacted for 3 hours. The temperature was then increased to 90°C and the reaction continued for 1.4 hours. The ratio of silane coupling agent KH-550, chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene was 0.1 mol: 0.2 mol: 15 mL: 85 mL. After the reaction was completed, toluene was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the coupling agent.

[0024] Step A2: Take porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent and 40% ethanol solution, disperse them by ultrasonication and adjust the pH to 4 with formic acid. Control the temperature in a water bath at 40℃ and stir at 180 rpm. Slowly add tetraethyl orthosilicate and react for 2.2 h. The feeding ratio of porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent, tetraethyl orthosilicate and 40% ethanol solution is 100g:4.2g:8g:150mL. Then neutralize with calcium hydroxide solution and let stand. Take the bottom precipitate, wash and dry it to obtain the organosilicon modified matrix.

[0025] Step A3: Place the organosilicon-modified matrix in a calcination furnace and calcine it at 320°C for 3 hours with a rapid heating rate of 10°C / min under air atmosphere. Then, calcine it at 450°C for 1.5 hours with a slow heating rate of 6°C / min. After cooling, grind and pulverize to obtain the composite anti-wear agent.

[0026] (3) Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics: Step S1: According to the weight proportions, 15 parts of sodium feldspar, 5 parts of potassium feldspar, 14 parts of quartz, 8 parts of zircon, 10 parts of calcite, 13 parts of Suzhou clay, 33 parts of ceramic frit, 18 parts of composite anti-wear agent, and 7 parts of zinc oxide are mixed and added to a grinder. Water is added and the mixture is ground, and the residue on a 325-mesh sieve is controlled to be no more than 0.1%. Water is added again to adjust the specific gravity of the slurry to 1.8±0.05. 0.4wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.08wt% of sodium humate are added to the slurry and mixed well. The mixture is allowed to stand and age for 5 days to obtain the glaze.

[0027] Step S2: Take a plate-shaped unglazed blank as the substrate, spray glaze onto the surface of the blank, and control the glaze application amount to 580g / m². 2 After drying, the ceramic is placed in a kiln and fired at 1250℃ for 12 hours to form a glaze layer. After cooling, it becomes wear-resistant daily-use ceramic.

[0028] Example 3: Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, the specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Preparation of porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder: Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were premixed, then added to alumina sol and ground to form a mixture. The mixture was pressed into shape at 12 MPa and then sintered at 980℃ for 3.2 h. The alumina content of the alumina sol and the feeding ratio of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and borax were 1 mol: 0.4 mol: 0.1 mol: 8 g. After cooling, the mixture was crushed and ground, and sieved using a 300-mesh sieve to obtain porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder.

[0029] (2) Preparation of composite anti-wear agent: Step A1: Chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene were added and protected with dry nitrogen gas. The mixture was heated to 70°C for premixing, stirred at 90 rpm, and silane coupling agent KH-550 was added. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 2.6 h, and then the temperature was raised to 100°C for another 1.2 h. The ratio of silane coupling agent KH-550, chloroacetic acid, triethylamine, and toluene was 0.1 mol: 0.2 mol: 18 mL: 90 mL. After the reaction was completed, toluene was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the coupling agent.

[0030] Step A2: Take porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent and 40% ethanol solution, disperse them by ultrasonication and adjust the pH to 3 with formic acid. Control the temperature in a water bath at 45℃ and stir at 180 rpm. Slowly add tetraethyl orthosilicate and react for 1.8 h. The feeding ratio of porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent, tetraethyl orthosilicate and 40% ethanol solution is 100g:5g:10g:180mL. Then neutralize with calcium hydroxide solution and let stand. Take the bottom precipitate, wash and dry it to obtain the organosilicon modified matrix.

[0031] Step A3: Place the organosilicon-modified matrix in a calcination furnace and calcine it for 2.8 hours at a rapid temperature increase of 10℃ / min to 320℃ in an air atmosphere. Then, calcine it for 1.3 hours at a slow temperature increase of 5℃ / min to 500℃. After cooling, grind and pulverize to obtain the composite anti-wear agent.

[0032] (3) Preparation of wear-resistant daily-use ceramics: Step S1: According to the weight proportions, 18 parts of sodium feldspar, 8 parts of potassium feldspar, 12 parts of quartz, 12 parts of zircon, 8 parts of calcite, 9 parts of Suzhou clay, 30 parts of ceramic frit, 15 parts of composite anti-wear agent, and 9 parts of zinc oxide are mixed and added to a grinding mill. Water is added and the mixture is ground, and the residue on a 325-mesh sieve is controlled to be no more than 0.1%. Water is added again to adjust the specific gravity of the slurry to 1.8±0.05. 0.4wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.08wt% of sodium humate are added to the slurry and mixed well. The mixture is allowed to stand and age for 5 days to obtain the glaze.

[0033] Step S2: Take a plate-shaped unglazed blank as the substrate, spray glaze onto the surface of the blank, and control the glaze application amount to be 550g / m². 2 After drying, the ceramic is placed in a kiln and fired at 1200℃ for 12 hours to form a glaze layer. After cooling, it becomes wear-resistant daily-use ceramic.

[0034] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example refers to Example 3, except that the composite anti-wear agent is replaced with the same weight of commercially available magnesium aluminum spinel, model HMAS-66, sourced from Yingkou Renwei Minerals Co., Ltd., and the rest of the implementation process is exactly the same.

[0035] Comparative Example 2: This comparative example refers to Example 3, except that the composite anti-wear agent is replaced with the same weight of porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder, and the rest of the implementation process is exactly the same.

[0036] Samples were taken from the ceramic products prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The hardness of the glaze was tested using an HV-1000 micro Vickers hardness tester, the abrasion resistance of the glaze was tested using a CYM-8 glazed abrasion tester, and the gloss of the glaze was tested using an HP-300 gloss meter. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1. Test results of ceramic products from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2:

[0038] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the ceramic glaze prepared in Example 3 has good wear resistance and high gloss, resulting in higher surface quality and better overall performance.

[0039] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0040] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant daily-use ceramic, comprising a bisque and a glaze layer, characterized in that, The glaze layer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 15-22 parts of sodium feldspar, 5-8 parts of potassium feldspar, 12-15 parts of quartz, 8-12 parts of zircon, 6-10 parts of calcite, 9-13 parts of Suzhou clay, 25-33 parts of ceramic frit, 11-18 parts of composite anti-wear agent, and 7-10 parts of zinc oxide. The preparation method of the composite anti-wear agent includes the following steps: Step A1: Add chloroacetic acid, triethylamine and toluene and purge with dry nitrogen for protection. Heat to 65-75℃ for premixing, stir and add silane coupling agent KH-550 for 2-3 hours. Then continue to heat to 90-100℃ for 1-1.4 hours. After the reaction is completed, remove toluene by rotary evaporation to obtain the coupling agent. Step A2: The porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent and 40% ethanol solution are ultrasonically dispersed and the pH is adjusted to 3-4 with formic acid. The temperature is controlled at 40-55℃ in a water bath. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is slowly added while stirring and reacted for 1.5-2.2 hours. Then, the mixture is neutralized with calcium hydroxide solution and allowed to stand. The bottom precipitate is taken, washed and dried to obtain the organosilicon modified matrix. Step A3: Place the organosilicon-modified matrix in a calcination furnace and calcine it at 320-350℃ for 2.5-3 hours in an air atmosphere. Then, slowly raise the temperature to 450-500℃ and continue calcining for 1-1.5 hours. After cooling, grind and pulverize to obtain the composite anti-wear agent.

2. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed ratio of silane coupling agent KH-550, chloroacetic acid, triethylamine and toluene is 0.1mol:0.2mol:15-20mL:85-100mL.

3. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding ratio of porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder, coupling agent, tetraethyl orthosilicate and 40% ethanol solution is 100g: 4.2-5.5g: 8-11g: 150-200mL.

4. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid heating rate is 8-10℃ / min, and the slow heating rate is 4-6℃ / min.

5. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder is as follows: magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and borax are premixed, and then aluminum sol is added and ground to form a mixture; the mixture is pressed into shape at 10-12 MPa, and then sintered at 950-1020℃ for 3-3.5h. After cooling, it is crushed and ground to obtain porous magnesium aluminum spinel powder.

6. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 5, characterized in that, The alumina content, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and borax content of aluminum sol are fed in the following ratios: 1 mol: 0.38-0.42 mol: 0.08-0.12 mol: 6-10 g.

7. The wear-resistant daily-use ceramic according to claim 5, characterized in that, The particle size of porous magnesium aluminum spinel micro powder is no higher than 50 μm.

8. A manufacturing process for wear-resistant daily-use ceramics, used to produce wear-resistant daily-use ceramics as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Step S1: Mix all the raw materials of the glaze with water, grind and sieve, and adjust the specific gravity of the slurry to 1.8±0.

05. Then add 0.4wt% carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.08wt% sodium humate to the slurry, mix well, and let stand for 5 days to obtain the glaze. Step S2: Spray glaze onto the surface of the unglazed blank, controlling the glaze application rate to be 460-580 g / m². 2 After drying, the ceramic is placed in a kiln and fired at 1200-1250℃ for 12 hours to form a glaze layer. After cooling, it becomes wear-resistant daily ceramic.

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