Intelligent guidance and dispatching ecological parking management system

Abstract

The intelligent guidance and allocation ecological parking management system solves the problem of how to comprehensively, dynamically, and collaboratively manage parking intelligently, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of intelligent transportation and cold-region environmental engineering technology. This invention includes: a parking lot comprising multiple parking units; a perception layer for real-time monitoring of environmental information, parking space status, vehicle status, license plate information, location information, and traffic status within the parking lot; a decision-making layer for allocating optimal parking spaces, performing vehicle route planning, and predicting and resolving conflicts based on the real-time monitored parking space status, vehicle status, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information; it also performs environmental and energy regulation based on the real-time monitored environmental information within the parking lot; and an application interaction layer for implementing tiered and zoned parking space reservation, navigation guidance, and parking lot status monitoring, improving travel efficiency and reducing energy consumption and pollution during low-speed driving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system, which belongs to the interdisciplinary field of intelligent transportation and cold region environmental engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, traffic load in urban centers continues to increase, and parking resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Traditional parking management systems can no longer meet the actual needs. Existing technologies often employ a one-way, static parking guidance model, displaying available parking space information only through indicator lights or simple apps, which has several significant drawbacks:

[0003] At the traffic and management level, traditional systems lack dynamic traffic flow management, only providing information on destination parking spaces without controlling the dynamic movement of vehicles within the parking lot. During peak hours, this can easily lead to conflicts such as passing, reversing, and waiting, causing localized congestion. Information updates are delayed, failing to respond in real time to changes in vehicle location and traffic conditions within the parking lot, which can easily cause vehicles to mistakenly enter occupied parking spaces or congested areas. Resource utilization is uneven, failing to achieve optimal global allocation, with some areas having idle parking spaces while others are overcrowded, wasting parking resources. The user experience is poor, as drivers need to find parking spaces themselves, facing uncertainty and wasting time, which can easily cause anxiety.

[0004] On an environmental and physical level, high-altitude and cold regions face severe challenges in winter: during vehicle operation, moisture and ice easily accumulate on parts such as windshields, front bumpers, air intakes, and door handles, obscuring license plates and hindering door opening, causing great inconvenience and safety risks to drivers and passengers; snow removal in open-air parking lots is a heavy burden and has high operating costs, and the process of snow removal occupies parking spaces, further exacerbating the shortage of parking spaces; in extreme low-temperature environments, vehicles are difficult to start, and battery performance decreases; users have an extremely poor experience as they search for parking spaces and clear snow and ice from their vehicles in the freezing cold.

[0005] While some existing intelligent parking systems attempt to improve management efficiency through technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and license plate recognition, they still fail to effectively solve problems such as multi-vehicle collaborative scheduling, path conflict resolution, and vehicle icing and snow accumulation in cold environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent parking management system capable of achieving multi-vehicle collaborative scheduling, dynamic path planning, and conflict resolution in high-density parking environments, and also resistant to severe cold weather, in order to increase parking lot throughput, reduce congestion, optimize resource utilization, and improve user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the issue of how to comprehensively, dynamically, and collaboratively manage parking intelligently, this invention provides an intelligent guidance and allocation ecological parking management system.

[0007] The present invention provides an intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system, comprising:

[0008] A parking lot, comprising multiple parking units;

[0009] The perception layer is used to monitor environmental information, parking space status information, vehicle status information, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information within the parking lot in real time.

[0010] The decision-making layer is used to allocate optimal parking spaces, perform vehicle route planning, and predict and resolve conflicts based on real-time monitored parking space status information, vehicle status information, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information within the parking lot; it is also used to perform environmental and energy regulation based on real-time monitored environmental information within the parking lot.

[0011] The application interaction layer is used to realize parking space reservation, navigation guidance, and parking lot status monitoring.

[0012] Preferably, the application interaction layer is also used to push messages to users using a segmented, scenario-based strategy, including:

[0013] When the distance between the parking lot entrance and the user is detected to be 'a' meters, the system will push information to the user including the total number of available parking spaces, parking fee rate, distance / time to walk to the final destination, and congestion status.

[0014] When the parking lot entrance is detected to be b meters away from the user, push notifications to the user about the estimated number of available parking spaces upon arrival, the real-time queue length at the entrance, and the optimal entrance suggestion.

[0015] a>b;

[0016] When a user is detected entering the parking lot, guide the user's vehicle to a specific available parking space.

[0017] Preferably, the system also includes a de-icing system;

[0018] A de-icing zone is set up in the parking lot, and a de-icing system is installed in the de-icing zone to de-ice vehicles in the zone.

[0019] As a preferred option, the de-icing zone is set at the entrance, de-icing points are set along the path, and controllable warm air nozzles are configured.

[0020] Preferably, the de-icing system includes a multimodal sensing system, a de-icing strategy generation engine, and a heating system; the heating system is distributed throughout the parking lot.

[0021] The multimodal sensing system includes an infrared recognition system, an optical recognition system, a lidar system, and a data fusion module;

[0022] Infrared recognition system, used to acquire infrared images of the vehicle body covered in ice and snow;

[0023] An optical recognition system is used to acquire visible light images of the visual contours and textures of ice and snow on a vehicle body;

[0024] LiDAR is used to determine the absolute thickness of ice and snow.

[0025] The data fusion module is used to perform time registration and pixel-level fusion of the acquired visible light image, infrared image, and absolute thickness of ice and snow to obtain the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature at various locations on the vehicle body.

[0026] The de-icing strategy generation engine is used to segment ice and snow based on the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature of various locations on the vehicle body, and to determine which vehicle component each pixel belongs to. The ice and snow segmentation results are superimposed with the vehicle component segmentation results to output the ice and snow segmentation results for each component. Based on the ice and snow segmentation results, a de-icing strategy is determined. This de-icing strategy includes the use of a heating system to melt ice or snow of different thicknesses and temperatures on different components at specific points using different temperatures, angles, and air volumes.

[0027] As a preferred option, the decision-making body includes:

[0028] The information fusion and global situational awareness layer is used to construct a parking lot map and conflict point model based on all lanes, parking spaces and facilities in the parking lot. The information monitored by the awareness layer is calibrated and fused with the parking lot map and conflict point model to obtain a real-time traffic and environmental situation map.

[0029] The conflict prediction engine is used to simulate discrete events using a conflict point model based on the location information of all vehicles in the parking lot, the planned routes, and the real-time traffic and environmental situation map, and to predict potential traffic conflicts within a set time in the future.

[0030] The scheduling engine is used to allocate optimal parking spaces to newly arriving vehicles based on real-time traffic and environmental situation maps. It is also used to plan routes for each vehicle from its current location to its destination, divide each route segment into resource blocks, and reserve exclusive time slots for each vehicle to use these resource blocks. Furthermore, when vehicle icing is detected, based on the vehicle's location, it issues a stop de-icing command to the vehicle when it is guided to the de-icing zone and controls the de-icing system to perform directional de-icing on the vehicle. Ultimately, it realizes a zoned and hierarchical static traffic parking resource information prompt and management system, improves parking service quality, saves drivers time and energy in finding parking spaces, improves the travel experience, supports urban carbon reduction and ecological construction, and purifies urban air.

[0031] The decision engine is used to reallocate time periods by fine-tuning vehicle speeds or replanning local routes when conflicts are predicted, thereby avoiding spatiotemporal conflicts at their source.

[0032] The intelligent environmental control engine is used to adjust the physical environment of the parking lot based on real-time monitoring of the parking lot's environmental information, weather forecasts, and vehicle planning routes, according to preset rules and optimization algorithms.

[0033] The energy optimization management engine is used to perform optimization calculations based on the real-time energy consumption and demand of the current load, with the goal of minimizing operating costs or carbon emissions, and dynamically schedule energy.

[0034] Preferably, the sensing layer includes:

[0035] Bluetooth beacon networks, distributed throughout the parking lot, are used for positioning to obtain vehicle location information;

[0036] Each parking space is equipped with a geomagnetic parking space detector to determine the parking space status;

[0037] Surveillance cameras are installed in the parking lot to monitor vehicles and determine their icing status and traffic conditions.

[0038] License plate recognition cameras are installed at the entrance of parking lots to identify the license plate information of vehicles entering the parking lot.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, the perception layer also includes:

[0040] Pressure sensors are used to monitor the air pressure status of the air gap in real time;

[0041] Temperature and humidity sensors are used to collect temperature and humidity data for each parking space.

[0042] Snow depth sensors are used to monitor snow accumulation on the roof of parking lots;

[0043] The intelligent environmental control engine is also used to control the air pump to inflate the air gap, keeping the internal air pressure of the air gap constant at the set value. It is also used to control the ground source heat pump system in the parking space to work when the parking space is reserved, based on the current temperature and humidity of the parking space, until the preset temperature and humidity value is reached. It is also used to control the vibration device on the top of the parking lot and the backup electric heating wire at the edge of the membrane to work and shake off the snow when the snow accumulation on the top of the parking lot reaches the set value.

[0044] Preferably, a scheduling engine is used to allocate the optimal parking space to newly arrived vehicles and plan the dynamic path from the current location to the parking space through a multi-objective optimization model;

[0045] The multi-objective optimization model includes a reserved parking space allocation model, a real-time dynamic route planning model, and a global optimization objective;

[0046] The optimization objective of the reserved parking space allocation sub-model is to minimize the user's total walking distance and the parking space temperature difference penalty term;

[0047] The optimization objective of the real-time dynamic path planning sub-model is to minimize the total travel time of vehicles and the number of path conflict points.

[0048] The global optimization objectives are to maximize parking lot throughput, minimize system operating energy consumption, and maximize user satisfaction.

[0049] The multi-objective optimization model is dynamically solved using reinforcement learning or genetic algorithms.

[0050] Preferably, each parking unit is equipped with a liftable door system and a ventilation system, with the ventilation system located in a position that creates convection with the liftable door system.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0052] Through multi-layer sensing data fusion and intelligent decision-making mechanisms, precise coordination of parking space allocation, route planning, environmental control, and energy dispatch is ensured. At the same time, the Ti-ETFE membrane structure has excellent weather resistance and structural stability, ensuring long-term reliable operation of the system in cold environments.

[0053] By constructing parking lot maps and conflict point models, and combining route segmentation resource reservation and conflict prediction and resolution mechanisms, multi-vehicle staggered driving in time and space can be achieved, significantly reducing congestion in the parking lot, increasing parking lot throughput, and shortening average parking time.

[0054] A multimodal perception system is used to comprehensively detect the icing status of vehicles. Combined with a customized de-icing strategy, directional warm air nozzles are used to precisely de-ice ice and snow in different parts and in different states, avoiding resource waste and improving user convenience and driving safety.

[0055] By leveraging the thermal insulation properties of the Ti-ETFE membrane structure and the synergistic effect of ground source heat pumps and solar photovoltaic systems, a positive temperature environment is maintained in the parking lot around the clock, preventing vehicles from freezing and snow from accumulating on the ground. At the same time, clean and efficient use of energy is achieved, reducing operating costs and carbon emissions.

[0056] Users can reserve parking spaces in advance through the terminal, and enjoy full navigation guidance and automatic de-icing services after entering. They can also make contactless payments when leaving, achieving a convenient experience from entry to parking to departure, avoiding the inconvenience of operation in cold environments. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of multiple parking units in this application;

[0058] Figure 2 This describes the status of the lift-up door system in the parking unit of this application during the summer.

[0059] Figure 3This describes the status of the lift-up door system in the parking unit of this application during winter.

[0060] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a network for dynamic information dissemination based on parking lot classification. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0063] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0064] This embodiment of an intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system includes a parking lot, a perception layer, a decision-making layer, an application interaction layer, a de-icing system, a solar photovoltaic system, and a ground source heat pump system. The structure and function of each part are as follows:

[0065] The parking lot consists of multiple parking units, and the materials for these units can be selected from various options, including double-layer inflatable membranes, roll-up composite insulation panels, canvas sandwich insulation tents, and polyurethane sandwich panels. The system can intelligently recommend or combine materials based on climate conditions, budget, and usage scenarios.

[0066] Table 1 Multi-material Enclosure System

[0067]

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, this application employs a variety of lightweight and easily assembled all-weather materials as the main enclosure structure of the parking lot, forming an independent semi-enclosed parking unit. This material possesses high light transmittance (>95%), excellent weather resistance, high strength, and self-cleaning properties. The all-weather, lightweight, and easily assembled material structure design forms an excellent heat insulation layer, effectively preventing indoor heat loss at night and maintaining the parking space above freezing. The membrane surface has an extremely low coefficient of friction, and its tensile structure's curved design allows snow to slide off naturally under gravity when it reaches a certain thickness, without human intervention.

[0069] Furthermore, each parking unit is equipped with a liftable door system and a ventilation system, with the ventilation system located in a position that creates convection with the liftable door system.

[0070] Specifically, the liftable door system raises the parking space door to a height of over 1.8 meters in summer to enhance bottom ventilation; it closes in winter to ensure insulation. Openable ventilation windows are installed on the side walls, working in conjunction with the ventilation openings at the bottom of the door to create convection cooling in summer.

[0071] Furthermore, a de-icing zone is set up in the parking lot, located at the entrance, and de-icing points are set up along the route. Both the de-icing zone and the de-icing points are equipped with controllable warm air nozzles.

[0072] Photovoltaic panels are integrated on or around the parking units to collect solar energy and drive a ground-source heat pump system, providing auxiliary heating for the parking space and ensuring indoor temperatures during extreme cold weather. Controllable warm air nozzles are deployed at the parking lot entrance, above the passageways, and next to the parking spaces. Machine vision automatically identifies situations such as license plates being obscured by ice or doors being icy, and activates directional warm air for rapid, localized de-icing, avoiding resource waste.

[0073] The perception layer is used to monitor real-time environmental information, parking space status information, vehicle status information, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information within the parking lot, specifically including:

[0074] Bluetooth beacon network: Distributed throughout the parking lot, used for vehicle positioning and obtaining vehicle location information; specifically, beacon devices with Bluetooth 5.2 protocol can be used, evenly deployed on the ceiling and pillars of the parking lot at 10m intervals to form a fully covered positioning network, collecting vehicle location information in real time, with a data update frequency of 10Hz.

[0075] Geomagnetic parking space detector: Each parking space is equipped with a geomagnetic detector to determine whether the parking space is occupied or vacant; specifically, a geomagnetic detector is embedded in the center of each parking space to detect whether the parking space is occupied, with a detection accuracy of ≥99.5%, and the data is uploaded to the decision-making level through a LoRa gateway.

[0076] Surveillance camera devices: Distributed throughout the parking lot, used to monitor the icing status of vehicles and the traffic flow within the parking lot; specifically, high-definition surveillance cameras are deployed at the parking lot entrance, passageways, and parking space areas, with one camera at the entrance used for full-body vehicle scanning and initial icing assessment, and cameras in the passageways and parking space areas used for traffic flow monitoring and real-time monitoring of icing status.

[0077] License plate recognition camera: installed at the entrance of the parking lot to identify the license plate information of vehicles entering the parking lot; specifically, one license plate recognition camera is installed at each entrance to collect license plate information and vehicle entry time simultaneously.

[0078] Temperature and humidity sensors: used to collect temperature and humidity data in each parking space and parking lot; specifically, temperature and humidity sensors are deployed at key nodes in each parking space and parking lot to collect environmental temperature and humidity data in real time, with an update frequency of 2Hz.

[0079] Snow depth sensor: used to monitor snow accumulation on the top of the parking lot; specifically, it monitors the snow thickness in real time, with data updates every 5 minutes.

[0080] The decision-making layer is used to allocate parking spaces, plan routes, predict and resolve conflicts, and regulate the environment and energy based on data monitored in real time by the perception layer. Specifically, it includes an information fusion and global situational awareness layer, a conflict prediction engine, a scheduling engine, a decision-making engine, an intelligent environmental regulation engine, and an energy optimization management engine.

[0081] Information Fusion and Global Situation Awareness Layer: This layer is used to construct parking lot maps and conflict point models based on all lanes, parking spaces, and facilities within the parking lot. It calibrates and fuses the information monitored by the awareness layer with the parking lot map and conflict point model to obtain a real-time traffic and environmental situation map. Specifically, a high-precision parking lot map is constructed based on a GIS geographic information system, with a map accuracy of 0.1m. This map includes the coordinates of all lanes, parking spaces, facilities, and the location and attribute information of preset conflict points (such as intersections, turns, entrances / exits, etc.). The Kalman filter algorithm is used to calibrate and fuse the multi-source data collected by the awareness layer to generate a real-time traffic and environmental situation map, with an update frequency of 5Hz.

[0082] Conflict prediction engine: Based on the location information of all vehicles in the parking lot, the planned routes, and the real-time traffic and environmental situation map, it uses a conflict point model to perform discrete event simulation and predict potential traffic conflicts within a set time period. Specifically, it predicts potential traffic conflicts within the next 30 seconds with a conflict prediction accuracy of ≥98%. When a conflict is predicted, it immediately sends an early warning message to the decision engine.

[0083] The scheduling engine is used to allocate optimal parking spaces to newly arriving vehicles based on real-time traffic and environmental situation maps, plan routes for each vehicle from its current location to its destination, divide each route segment into resource blocks, and reserve exclusive time slots for each vehicle to use these resource blocks. When vehicle icing is detected, based on the vehicle's location, a stop de-icing command is issued to the vehicle when it is guided to the de-icing zone or de-icing point, and the de-icing system is controlled to perform directional de-icing on the vehicle. Specifically, reinforcement learning algorithms are used for parking space allocation and route planning, such as the DQN deep Q network, with the goal of maximizing global traffic efficiency. The optimal route is planned for each vehicle, and the route is divided into 10m long resource blocks, with each vehicle reserving exclusive time slots for using the resource blocks. When vehicle icing is detected, a de-icing stop node is automatically inserted into the route, and the stop time is dynamically adjusted according to the icing status (5-30s).

[0084] Furthermore, the scheduling engine is used to allocate optimal parking spaces to newly arriving vehicles and plan dynamic paths from the current location to the parking spaces through a multi-objective optimization model. The multi-objective optimization model includes a reserved parking space allocation model, a real-time dynamic path planning model, and a global optimization objective. The optimization objective of the reserved parking space allocation sub-model is to minimize the user's total walking distance and the parking space temperature difference penalty term. The optimization objective of the real-time dynamic path planning sub-model is to minimize the total vehicle travel time and the number of path conflict points. The global optimization objective is to maximize the parking lot throughput, minimize the system operating energy consumption, and maximize user satisfaction. The multi-objective optimization model is dynamically solved using reinforcement learning or a genetic algorithm.

[0085] Decision Engine: When a traffic conflict is predicted, it is used to avoid spatiotemporal conflicts at the source by fine-tuning vehicle speed or replanning local routes and reallocating the time period for resource block usage. Specifically, when a conflict warning is received, the conflict is resolved in two ways: first, by fine-tuning vehicle speed, and second, by replanning local routes and reallocating the time period for resource block usage. The conflict resolution response time is ≤500ms, ensuring collision-free passage.

[0086] The intelligent environmental control engine is used to adjust the physical environment of the parking lot based on real-time monitoring of environmental information, weather forecasts, and vehicle route planning, combined with preset rules and optimization algorithms. It also controls the air pump to inflate the air gap, maintaining a constant internal air pressure at a set value. When a parking space is reserved, it controls the ground source heat pump system within that space to operate based on the current temperature and humidity until the preset temperature and humidity values ​​are reached. When the snow accumulation on the parking lot roof reaches a set value, it controls the vibration device on the roof and the backup heating wires at the membrane edge to activate. The system shakes off accumulated snow. Specifically, the target indoor temperature is preset to 5℃ (winter) and 26℃ (summer). Based on temperature and humidity sensor data, weather forecasts, and vehicle route planning, the output power of the ground source heat pump system is adjusted using a PID algorithm. When a parking space is reserved, the ground source heat pump is started 30 minutes in advance to pre-treat the parking space's temperature. When the snow depth sensor detects that the snow thickness is ≥8cm, the top vibration device (vibration frequency 50Hz, amplitude 5mm) and the backup heating wire at the edge of the membrane (power 500W / m) are activated and continue to work until the snow thickness is ≤3cm. Furthermore, this application incorporates a snow-resistant design at the top. Through a double-curvature membrane surface (minimum slope of 15 degrees) and low-friction surface treatment (friction coefficient below 0.08), although the slope and ultra-low friction surface allow most snow to slide off smoothly under gravity or slight vibration, at the lower edge of the membrane structure, melted snow or thin ice can be trapped due to surface tension and refreeze at low temperatures, forming ice bridges or ice eaves. Additionally, the airflow at the edges is turbulent, and the temperature is often lower than in the center of the membrane, making it more prone to melting and freezing. Therefore, this application integrates a vibration device and backup heating wires at the membrane edge to ensure that snow slides off naturally, effectively preventing accumulation.

[0087] Energy optimization management engine: Based on the real-time energy consumption and demand of the current load, it performs optimization calculations with the goal of minimizing operating costs or carbon emissions, and dynamically schedules the allocation and use of solar photovoltaic systems, ground source heat pump systems, and grid power. Specifically, when the power generation of the solar photovoltaic system is ≥5kW, priority is given to supplying the ground source heat pump system and de-icing system, and the remaining power is stored in energy storage batteries; when the power generation is <5kW, the grid provides supplementary power to ensure the balance of energy supply and demand in the system.

[0088] The de-icing system is installed in the de-icing area and at the de-icing points for precise vehicle de-icing. It includes a multimodal perception system, a de-icing strategy generation engine, and a heating system. The heating system is distributed throughout the de-icing area and at the de-icing points within the parking lot.

[0089] Multimodal sensing system: includes infrared recognition system, optical recognition system, lidar and data fusion module;

[0090] The infrared recognition system is deployed at the entrance de-icing area and along the route to acquire infrared images of the vehicle body covered in ice and snow.

[0091] Optical recognition system: used to acquire visible light images of the visual contours and textures of ice and snow on the vehicle body; employs a high-definition industrial camera, deployed coaxially with the infrared recognition system;

[0092] LiDAR: Used to determine the absolute thickness of ice and snow, specifically solid-state LiDAR deployed on top of the de-icing area;

[0093] Data fusion module: This module performs time registration and pixel-level fusion of the acquired visible light images, infrared images, and absolute thickness of ice and snow to obtain the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature at various locations on the vehicle body. Specifically, it achieves time registration of visible light images, infrared images, and LiDAR data based on timestamp alignment, and uses a pixel-level fusion algorithm (such as a CNN fusion model) to output the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature data at various locations on the vehicle body. The fusion time is ≤1 second.

[0094] De-icing strategy generation engine: This engine performs ice and snow segmentation based on the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature at various locations on the vehicle body. It identifies the vehicle component to which each pixel belongs, and overlays the ice and snow segmentation results with the vehicle component segmentation results to output the ice and snow segmentation results for each component. Based on the ice and snow segmentation results, it determines the de-icing strategy, which includes using the heating system to melt ice or snow of different components, thicknesses, and temperatures at specific points using different temperatures, angles, and airflow rates. Specifically, it employs deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms (such as U-Net++) to perform ice and snow segmentation and vehicle component segmentation on the fused data, identifying license plates, doors, windshields, rearview mirrors, etc. For key components, the segmentation accuracy is ≥97%. Based on the segmentation results, a de-icing strategy is generated: for thin ice / snow with a thickness <5mm, use 45℃ warm air, 30° spray angle, and medium airflow (10m³ / min) for 10s; for medium-thick ice / snow with a thickness of 5-15mm, use 60℃ warm air, 45° spray angle, and large airflow (15m³ / min) for 20s; for thick ice / snow with a thickness >15mm, use 80℃ warm air, 60° spray angle, and maximum airflow (20m³ / min) for 30s; for key parts such as license plates and door handles, the warm air temperature is increased by 5℃ based on the above parameters to ensure thorough de-icing.

[0095] The heating system consists of a hot air generator, insulated delivery pipes, and intelligent directional nozzles. The heat source is provided by a ground-source heat pump or electric heating. It can precisely blow ice to specific icy areas of the vehicle according to the de-icing strategy. Specifically, the hot air generator is electrically heated and equipped with insulated delivery pipes. The intelligent directional nozzles are deployed in the entrance de-icing area, along the route, and next to parking spaces, with the optimal distance between the nozzles and the vehicle body being 1.5 meters.

[0096] Solar photovoltaic system: integrated into non-sunlight-receiving areas of Ti-ETFE membrane structures, around rooftops, or in parking lots, converting solar energy into electricity to provide green energy for all facilities in the system;

[0097] The ground source heat pump system consists of an underground pipe system, a heat pump unit, and an indoor circulation system. It utilizes the relatively stable temperature of the underground soil as a heat source for winter heating and a cold source for summer cooling, providing heat support for the parking lot's insulation and de-icing systems. Specifically, high-density extruded polystyrene (XPS) boards with a thickness of at least 100mm are laid, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.030W / (m·K), effectively preventing heat loss to the ground. A PE-RT geothermal pipe circulation device is used, evenly distributed in a U-shape on top of the insulation layer. The circulation within the pipes uses antifreeze powered by solar energy, with flow regulated by an intelligent temperature control valve, providing uniform and gentle radiant heat to the floor, preventing ground icing and accelerating the melting of ice and snow from vehicle bodies.

[0098] The application interaction layer includes user terminals and management terminals, used to implement parking space reservation, navigation guidance, parking lot status monitoring, and payment functions.

[0099] User terminal: This is a mobile APP or in-vehicle central control screen, providing functions such as parking space reservation, real-time navigation guidance, receiving dispatch instructions (such as pausing de-icing instructions), and bill payment.

[0100] Parking reservation: Users can view real-time parking space availability information and reserve a parking space within the next 24 hours. After a successful reservation, users will receive a parking space number and entry instructions.

[0101] Navigation guidance: Based on Bluetooth beacon positioning, it provides accurate indoor navigation with a navigation accuracy of ±0.5m, and displays the driving route, remaining distance and estimated arrival time in real time;

[0102] Real-time commands: Receive commands from the system such as pause de-icing and parking space preheating completed, and support voice broadcast;

[0103] Bill payment: Supports payment methods such as WeChat, Alipay, and UnionPay. A bill is automatically generated after leaving the venue, and users can pay with one click. After payment, the barrier will be raised to allow passage.

[0104] Management terminal: A web-based management backend used for monitoring the overall parking lot status, managing equipment, and generating reports, specifically including:

[0105] Global monitoring: Real-time display of data such as parking space occupancy status, vehicle location, ambient temperature and humidity, snow thickness, and equipment operating status in the parking lot, supporting 3D visualization;

[0106] Equipment management: It can remotely control the start and stop of equipment such as air pumps, ground source heat pumps, and heating nozzles, and view equipment operation logs and fault alarm information;

[0107] Report generation: Automatically generates daily / weekly / monthly operational reports, including data such as traffic flow, average parking time, energy consumption, and revenue statistics, and supports Excel export;

[0108] Access control: Set up different roles such as administrator and operator, and assign different operation permissions to ensure system security.

[0109] Furthermore, the application interaction layer of this application is also used to push messages to users using a segmented, scenario-based strategy, including:

[0110] When the distance between the parking lot entrance and the user is detected to be 'a' meters, the system will push information to the user including the total number of available parking spaces, parking fee rate, distance / time to walk to the final destination, and congestion status.

[0111] When the parking lot entrance is detected to be b meters away from the user, push notifications to the user about the estimated number of available parking spaces upon arrival, the real-time queue length at the entrance, and the optimal entrance suggestion.

[0112] a>b;

[0113] When a user is detected entering the parking lot, guide the user's vehicle to a specific available parking space;

[0114] Specifically, a segmented, scenario-based strategy is adopted to provide precise information push in three stages throughout the user's approach to and entry into the station, such as... Figure 4 As shown:

[0115] (1) First layer: Long-distance prompting layer (planning layer)

[0116] Trigger distance: 1 kilometer from the destination.

[0117] Core function: Macro planning and selection.

[0118] The prompts are centered around the destination and display parking lot icons, along with key information such as the total number of available parking spaces in real time, parking fees, walking distance / time to the final destination, and congestion status (indicated by color).

[0119] UI Example: Presented as a list of small cards in the sidebar or on a layer of the map navigation interface. For example:

[0120] Parking at Shopping Mall A | Available spaces: 45 | Fee: 10 RMB / hour | Walking distance to your reserved restaurant: 300 meters, 5 minutes

[0121] Parking Lot B | Available spaces: 120 | Fee: 5 yuan / hour | Walking distance: 600 meters, 8 minutes

[0122] (2) Second layer: Mid-distance prompt layer (guidance layer)

[0123] Trigger distance: 500 meters from the selected or recommended parking lot.

[0124] Core functionality: Path guidance and confirmation.

[0125] Prompt content and format: Navigation routes are automatically optimized to the parking lot entrance. The prompts are more dynamic: estimated number of available parking spaces upon arrival (based on real-time data and arrival time predictions), real-time queue length at the entrance (analyzed through camera data), and optimal entrance suggestions (for large parking lots with multiple entrances).

[0126] UI example:

[0127] AR-HUD: In the real road view, a virtual arrow floats directly to guide the direction of the parking lot entrance, and is marked "Turn right 500 meters ahead, Parking Lot A, estimated 15 empty spaces".

[0128] Central control screen: The map interface prominently displays the parking lot outline and uses a dynamic breathing light effect to indicate the entrance location. Voice prompt: "Approaching the recommended parking lot. The current entrance is clear, and there are approximately 12 available spaces."

[0129] (3) Third layer: Close-range prompting layer (execution layer)

[0130] Trigger distance: 0-200 meters inside the parking lot.

[0131] Core function: Refined parking guidance.

[0132] Prompt content and format:

[0133] Parking space-level guidance: Combining UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth beacon, or camera data within the parking lot, guides users to specific vacant parking spaces (e.g., "B Zone - Row 03 - No. 012").

[0134] Augmented Reality Navigation: Using the in-vehicle camera and AR, navigation lines are drawn directly on the real-world lane on the screen, and the target parking space is highlighted.

[0135] Cross-floor guidance: If there are multiple underground floors, please indicate in advance, "Please go down to B2 floor, there are empty spaces in the left turn area."

[0136] The workflow of this application includes:

[0137] Provide accurate information push throughout the user's approach to and entry into the station;

[0138] Reservation and Preparation: Users reserve parking spaces through their user terminals. After receiving the reservation request, the system's intelligent environmental control engine controls the ground source heat pump system to adjust the parking space temperature to a preset comfortable range based on the current temperature and humidity of the reserved parking space. At the same time, the energy optimization management engine plans energy allocation strategies in advance to ensure the energy supply for system operation.

[0139] Vehicle entry and status monitoring: When a vehicle arrives at the parking lot entrance, the license plate recognition camera recognizes the license plate information and confirms the reservation status; the monitoring camera device and multimodal perception system of the perception layer conduct a comprehensive inspection of the vehicle, and obtain data such as the vehicle's icing status and license plate information. The Bluetooth beacon network begins to locate the vehicle; pressure sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and snow depth sensors simultaneously collect environmental data within the parking lot.

[0140] Parking allocation and route planning: The decision-making layer's information fusion and the global situational awareness layer generate a real-time traffic and environmental situational map. Based on this situational map, the scheduling engine allocates the optimal parking space to the vehicle and plans a spatially and temporally staggered route, dividing the route segment into resource blocks and reserving exclusive time slots. If vehicle icing is detected, the scheduling engine plans a de-icing zone or de-icing point stop node in the route.

[0141] Driving and De-icing Operations: Vehicles follow navigation guidance. During the journey, a conflict prediction engine predicts traffic conflicts in real time, and a decision engine adjusts the route or vehicle speed to avoid conflicts. When a vehicle reaches a de-icing zone or de-icing point, it receives a command to pause de-icing. The de-icing system generates a de-icing strategy based on data collected by the multimodal perception system and controls the heating system to perform targeted de-icing on the iced parts of the vehicle. Monitoring cameras along the route continuously monitor the vehicle's icing status. If secondary de-icing is required, the system can trigger the de-icing process again.

[0142] Parking Management: After a vehicle comes to a complete stop, a geomagnetic parking space detector confirms the parking space occupancy status; an intelligent environmental control engine continuously maintains a positive temperature environment in the parking lot; a snow depth sensor monitors the snow accumulation on the roof and triggers a snow removal mechanism when the set value is reached; and an energy optimization management engine dynamically allocates photovoltaic power, geothermal power, and grid power to achieve efficient energy utilization.

[0143] Vehicle departure: Users initiate a departure request through their user terminals. The scheduling engine plans the optimal departure route to avoid conflicts with vehicles entering the parking lot. During the vehicle departure process, the system automatically generates a bill and completes the payment. After the vehicle leaves, the geomagnetic parking space detector updates the parking space status to vacant, and the environmental intelligent control engine adjusts the parking space environment according to subsequent reservations.

[0144] This application integrates a four-layer collaborative intelligent system comprising a physical structure layer, a perception and control layer, an algorithm decision-making layer, and an application interaction layer. These four layers, from top to bottom and from hardware to software, form a complete closed loop of perception-decision-execution-interaction, aiming to simultaneously address the physical challenges of frigid environments and the traffic management challenges of high-density urban centers.

[0145] This application has the following advantages:

[0146] I. Significantly improved performance and optimized traffic efficiency

[0147] This system achieves intelligent guidance for vehicles throughout the entire process from entry to exit through collaborative scheduling and dynamic route planning. Average parking time is reduced from 5-8 minutes in traditional systems to 2-3 minutes, a reduction of over 60%; peak-hour congestion rate drops from 30%-50% to below 10%, parking lot throughput increases by over 80%, and parking space utilization rate improves to 85%-95%. The system effectively solves prominent problems in traditional parking management, such as uneven resource utilization and frequent localized congestion, significantly improving overall operational efficiency.

[0148] II. Enhanced safety and environmental adaptability, ensuring worry-free operation in frigid climates.

[0149] The system integrates a multi-material enclosure structure and an intelligent de-icing mechanism to comprehensively address the challenges posed by frigid environments. Vehicle icing time is reduced from 10-20 minutes to less than 30 seconds, license plate obstruction recognition rate reaches over 99%, and the low-temperature start-up failure rate is controlled below 1%. The membrane structure allows snow to slide off naturally, eliminating the need for manual cleaning. The user accident rate is expected to decrease by more than 50%, fundamentally guaranteeing the safety and reliability of all-weather operation.

[0150] III. Excellent economic and energy efficiency performance, resulting in a significant reduction in operating costs.

[0151] The system integrates photovoltaic, geothermal, and high-efficiency insulation structures to form a low-carbon operation mode driven by clean energy. Annual energy costs are reduced by 30%-40% compared to traditional methods, with clean energy accounting for over 50%. Manual snow removal costs are completely eliminated, and the increase in construction costs per parking space is controlled within 15%, with the incremental investment expected to be recovered in 3-5 years. Simultaneously, the equipment's lifespan is extended to 15-20 years, demonstrating excellent economic returns and sustainable development capabilities.

[0152] IV. Comprehensive upgrade to user experience, seamless and convenient throughout the entire process.

[0153] The system significantly improves user satisfaction through tiered information push, precise parking space guidance, and seamless end-to-end service. Parking space search time is reduced to less than one minute, average waiting time is less than 30 seconds, user satisfaction ratings have increased from 2.5-3.0 to 4.5-5.0, reservation fulfillment rate exceeds 95%, and complaint rate has dropped below 2%. Users enjoy an efficient, comfortable, and intelligent parking experience from entry to exit, significantly alleviating the anxiety and inconvenience of traditional parking.

[0154] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. An intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system, characterized in that, include: A parking lot, comprising multiple parking units; The perception layer is used to monitor environmental information, parking space status information, vehicle status information, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information within the parking lot in real time. The decision-making layer is used to allocate the optimal parking space based on real-time monitored parking space status information, vehicle status information, license plate information, location information, and traffic status information in the parking lot, and to perform vehicle route planning and conflict prediction and resolution. It is also used for environmental and energy regulation based on real-time monitoring of environmental information within the parking lot; The application interaction layer is used to realize parking space reservation, navigation guidance, and parking lot status monitoring.

2. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application interaction layer is also used to push messages to users using a segmented, scenario-based strategy, including: When the distance between the parking lot entrance and the user is detected to be 'a' meters, the system will push information to the user including the total number of available parking spaces, parking fee rate, distance / time to walk to the final destination, and congestion status. When the parking lot entrance is detected to be b meters away from the user, the system will push information to the user about the estimated number of available parking spaces when the user arrives, the real-time queue length at the entrance, and the optimal entrance suggestion. a>b; When a user is detected entering the parking lot, guide the user's vehicle to a specific available parking space.

3. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a de-icing system; A de-icing zone is set up in the parking lot, and a de-icing system is installed in the de-icing zone to de-ice vehicles in the zone.

4. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The de-icing zone is located at the entrance, and de-icing points are set along the path, with controllable warm air nozzles configured.

5. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The de-icing system includes a multimodal sensing system, a de-icing strategy generation engine, and a heating system; the heating system is distributed throughout the parking lot. The multimodal sensing system includes an infrared recognition system, an optical recognition system, a lidar system, and a data fusion module; Infrared recognition system, used to acquire infrared images of the vehicle body covered in ice and snow; An optical recognition system is used to acquire visible light images of the visual contours and textures of ice and snow on a vehicle body; LiDAR is used to determine the absolute thickness of ice and snow. The data fusion module is used to perform time registration and pixel-level fusion of the acquired visible light image, infrared image, and absolute thickness of ice and snow to obtain the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature at various locations on the vehicle body. The de-icing strategy generation engine is used to segment ice and snow based on the RGB values, ice and snow thickness, and temperature of various locations on the vehicle body, and to determine which vehicle component each pixel belongs to. The ice and snow segmentation results are superimposed with the vehicle component segmentation results to output the ice and snow segmentation results for each component. Based on the ice and snow segmentation results, a de-icing strategy is determined. This de-icing strategy includes the use of a heating system to melt ice or snow of different thicknesses and temperatures on different components at specific points using different temperatures, angles, and air volumes.

6. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The decision-making body includes: The information fusion and global situational awareness layer is used to construct a parking lot map and conflict point model based on all lanes, parking spaces and facilities in the parking lot. The information monitored by the awareness layer is calibrated and fused with the parking lot map and conflict point model to obtain a real-time traffic and environmental situation map. The conflict prediction engine is used to simulate discrete events using a conflict point model based on the location information of all vehicles in the parking lot, the planned routes, and the real-time traffic and environmental situation map, and to predict potential traffic conflicts within a set time in the future. The scheduling engine is used to allocate optimal parking spaces to newly arriving vehicles based on real-time traffic and environmental situation maps. It is also used to plan routes for each vehicle from its current location to the target point, divide each route segment into resource blocks, and reserve a time period for each vehicle to exclusively use these resource blocks. Furthermore, when vehicle icing is detected, based on the vehicle's location, it issues a stop de-icing command to the vehicle when the vehicle is guided to the de-icing zone and controls the de-icing system to perform directional de-icing on the vehicle. The decision engine is used to reallocate time periods by fine-tuning vehicle speeds or replanning local routes when conflicts are predicted, thereby avoiding spatiotemporal conflicts at their source. The intelligent environmental control engine is used to adjust the physical environment of the parking lot based on real-time monitoring of the parking lot's environmental information, weather forecasts, and vehicle planning routes, according to preset rules and optimization algorithms. The energy optimization management engine is used to perform optimization calculations based on the real-time energy consumption and demand of the current load, with the goal of minimizing operating costs or carbon emissions, and dynamically schedule energy.

7. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The perception layer includes: Bluetooth beacon networks, distributed throughout the parking lot, are used for positioning to obtain vehicle location information; Each parking space is equipped with a geomagnetic parking space detector to determine the parking space status; Surveillance cameras are installed in the parking lot to monitor vehicles and determine their icing status and traffic conditions. License plate recognition cameras are installed at the entrance of parking lots to identify the license plate information of vehicles entering the parking lot.

8. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The perception layer also includes: Pressure sensors are used to monitor the air pressure status of the air gap in real time; Temperature and humidity sensors are used to collect temperature and humidity data for each parking space. Snow depth sensors are used to monitor snow accumulation on the roof of parking lots; The intelligent environmental control engine is also used to control the air pump to inflate the air gap, keeping the internal air pressure of the air gap constant at the set value. It is also used to control the ground source heat pump system in the parking space to work when the parking space is reserved, based on the current temperature and humidity of the parking space, until the preset temperature and humidity value is reached. It is also used to control the vibration device on the top of the parking lot and the backup electric heating wire at the edge of the membrane to work and shake off the snow when the snow accumulation on the top of the parking lot reaches the set value.

9. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The scheduling engine is used to allocate the optimal parking space to newly arrived vehicles and plan the dynamic path from the current location to the parking space through a multi-objective optimization model. The multi-objective optimization model includes a reserved parking space allocation model, a real-time dynamic route planning model, and a global optimization objective; The optimization objective of the reserved parking space allocation sub-model is to minimize the user's total walking distance and the parking space temperature difference penalty term; The optimization objective of the real-time dynamic path planning sub-model is to minimize the total travel time of vehicles and the number of path conflict points. The global optimization objectives are to maximize parking lot throughput, minimize system operating energy consumption, and maximize user satisfaction. The multi-objective optimization model is dynamically solved using reinforcement learning or genetic algorithms.

10. The intelligent guidance and dispatch ecological parking management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each parking unit is equipped with a liftable door system and a ventilation system. The ventilation system is located in a position that creates airflow with the liftable door system.

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