An orthodontic appliance with a bite plate

Abstract

This invention relates to an orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate, comprising a fixed base, bracket wings, and an elastic element. The bracket wings are slidably positioned on the fixed base. The fixed base includes a base plate with an adhesive textured bottom surface and a wing seat located at one end of the base plate surface. The wing seat has a groove running along its central plane. The bracket wings include an occlusal plate, a sliding rod, and a groove for the archwire to pass through. The occlusal plate is located at the front end of the sliding rod, and the groove is located at the rear end of the sliding rod. The bracket wings are slidably positioned in the groove of the fixed base by means of the sliding rod and can move back and forth along the groove. The elastic element acts between the bracket wings and the wing seat, maintaining a stable position for both. The occlusal plate can be touched by the occluding teeth and generate orthodontic force. This orthodontic appliance design is uniquely conceived, structurally sound, and offers two usage methods, satisfying the needs of single-tooth and mandibular repositioning correction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dental appliance technology, and specifically relates to an orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate, which can be used in particular for mandibular repositioning training programs. Background Technology

[0002] Many patients undergoing orthodontic treatment present with mandibular positional abnormalities. For example, some cases of maxillary protrusion are often accompanied by mandibular retrusion, while some cases of underbite (prognathism) involve excessive mandibular protrusion. Guiding the mandible to the correct position during treatment has become a major focus of modern orthodontics, especially for adolescent patients with growth potential. Traditional orthodontic treatment often uses functional appliances such as muscle activators, biocclusal pads, and bio-regulators. The first stage of functional treatment guides mandibular position adjustment, followed by a second stage using fixed appliances for orthodontic correction. This approach is lengthy, and interference from the teeth during the first stage can affect mandibular alignment, thus impacting the effectiveness of the first stage. Furthermore, during the second stage of orthodontic treatment, functional appliances cannot be worn again, often resulting in a repositioning of the mandible. Moreover, functional appliances are bulky, cause significant discomfort, and are often removable, making 24-hour wear unsuitable, all of which affect the overall outcome. The starting point of this invention was to find a fixed orthodontic appliance that could adjust the position of the mandible, so that orthodontic treatment and mandibular position adjustment could be performed simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to design an orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate that can convert occlusal force into tooth retraction force.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: an orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate includes a fixed base for bonding tooth surfaces, bracket wings, and an elastic element, wherein the bracket wings are slidably positioned on the fixed base; characterized in that: the fixed base includes a base plate with adhesive texture on its bottom surface and a wing seat disposed at one end of the base plate surface, wherein the wing seat has a groove in the middle along the direction of the center plane; the bracket wings include an occlusal plate, a sliding rod, and a groove for archwire to pass through, wherein the occlusal plate is disposed at the front end of the sliding rod, the groove is disposed at the rear end of the sliding rod, the bracket wings are slidably positioned in the groove of the fixed base by means of the sliding rod, and can move back and forth along the groove; the elastic element acts between the bracket wings and the wing seat, and always maintains the tendency of both to be in a stable position, the occlusal plate can be touched by the occluding teeth and generate orthodontic force.

[0005] The sliding rod is a straight rod or an arc-shaped rod similar to the arc surface of the base plate of the fixed seat, and there is an angle between it and the interlocking plate, which is between 30 and 90 degrees.

[0006] The fixed seat has a forward-facing barb to prevent the elastic element from coming out or to be used for tying, and an auxiliary tube hole is provided at the end of the bottom plate away from the wing seat; the groove width of the bracket wing is greater than the width of the sliding rod, which can abut against the outside of the fixed seat wing seat to form a limit, and a tying hook is also provided at the end of the groove.

[0007] The elastic element has the following two structures: 1. A spring, which is sleeved on the sliding rod of the bracket wing and its end abuts against the wing seat of the fixed seat, driving the bracket wing forward; 2. A rubber ring, which is tied between the barb of the wing seat and the groove of the bracket wing, driving the bracket wing forward.

[0008] As a preferred implementation: the groove of the bracket wing is rectangular, the length of the long side of the rectangle is greater than the sliding stroke of the bracket wing, the parallel planes corresponding to the two long sides can be constrained by the inserted archwire, and only the front and back directions are moved. The bracket wing is driven to move backward by the occlusal force of the teeth, and an orthodontic thrust is generated on the fixation seat with the help of the elastic element.

[0009] Furthermore, the interlocking plate and sliding rod in the bracket wing form a closed triangular structure, which has two possible configurations: 1. The interlocking plate and sliding rod are integrally machined, supported by a central support rod located at the junction of the sliding rod and the groove. The connection between the interlocking plate and the central support rod has a rearward protrusion facing the groove, which covers the hook opening of the groove, forming a C-shaped path for the archwire to enter. 2. The interlocking plate and sliding rod are separately machined and connected by a mortise and tenon structure. The rear end of the interlocking plate has a bent section, and tenons or mortises are machined at the end of the bent section and the front end of the interlocking plate. The front end of the sliding rod and the end of the groove are respectively machined with matting mortises or tenons.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of the bite plate is no greater than 8mm.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the groove in the bracket wing has the following two structures: 1. A rectangular closed groove with a ligating hook machined at the rear end of the groove; 2. A groove with an upward opening, with ligating hooks provided on both wings of the groove; the groove can accommodate an archwire and be secured by a rubber ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the surface of the interlocking plate at one end of the bracket wing is machined with interlocking patterns.

[0013] This invention utilizes the occlusal plate on the bracket wing to capture the occlusal force generated by each biting action, converting it into a retraction force on the anterior teeth or a forward or backward drive on the mandible, forming a dynamic orthodontic process that minimizes the impact on the posterior teeth. Continuous biting also generates a continuous retraction force or mandibular repositioning drive, effectively retracting the anterior teeth or repositioning the mandible to correct anterior protrusion or reposition the mandible. The appliance design is uniquely conceived, structurally sound, and conforms to the physiological characteristics of the mandible. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The invention will be further described below with reference to specific figures:

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the orthodontic appliance in an unloaded state.

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the force state of the orthodontic appliance

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the orthodontic appliance in an unloaded state (side view).

[0018] Figure 4 Side view diagram of the force state of the orthodontic appliance

[0019] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the orthodontic appliance

[0020] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of force analysis for orthodontic appliance

[0021] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of an orthodontic appliance with archwire

[0022] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the bracket wing

[0023] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Diagram of the usage status of the bracket wing

[0024] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of orthodontic appliance 2

[0025] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the two-part disassembly of the orthodontic appliance.

[0026] Figure 12 Diagram showing the process of wearing orthodontic appliances to straighten the teeth.

[0027] Figure 13 Diagram of front teeth with braces.

[0028] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of three orthodontic appliances

[0029] Figure 15 A three-part diagram of the orthodontic appliance.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the correction of mandibular retrusion using three pairs of orthodontic appliances.

[0031] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of orthodontic appliance 4

[0032] Figure 18 A four-part diagram of the orthodontic appliance.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the correction of mandibular protrusion using four pairs of orthodontic appliances.

[0034] in

[0035] 1—Fixed seat; 11—Base plate; 12—Wing seat; 121—Slide groove; 122—Barb; 13—Auxiliary pipe hole;

[0036] 2—Slotted wing; 21—Interlocking plate; 211—Rear protrusion; 212—Bent section; 213—Mort; 214—Interlocking pattern;

[0037] 22—Sliding rod; 221—Tenon; 23—Groove; 24—Hook; 25—Central post;

[0038] 3—Elastic element;

[0039] 4—archwire; 5—anterior teeth;

[0040] A—Angle; L—Hook length;

[0041] F—biting force; F*sinA—component force of the parallel sliding rod; F*cosA—component force of the perpendicular sliding rod; Detailed Implementation

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 An orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate includes a fixed base 1 for bonding to tooth surfaces, bracket wings 2, and elastic elements 3. The bracket wings 2 are slidably positioned on the fixed base 1. The fixed base 1 comprises a base plate 11 with adhesive textured bottom surfaces and a wing 12 disposed at one end of the base plate surface. The wing 12 has a groove 121 in the center along the direction of the central plane. Preferably, the wing 12 of the fixed base has barbs 122 machined forward to prevent the elastic element 3 from dislodging or to provide ligation. An auxiliary tube hole 13 is provided at the end of the base plate 11 furthest from the wing 12, i.e., at the front end.

[0043] The bracket wing 2 includes an engagement plate 21, a sliding rod 22, and a groove 23 for the archwire to pass through. The engagement plate 21 is located at the front end of the sliding rod 22, and the groove 23 is located at the rear end of the sliding rod 22. The bracket wing 2 is slidably positioned in the slide groove 121 of the fixing base 1 by means of the sliding rod 22, and can move back and forth along the slide groove 121. More specifically, the sliding rod 22 is a straight rod or an arc-shaped rod similar to the arc surface of the fixing base base plate 11, and there is an angle A between it and the engagement plate 21, which is between 30 and 90 degrees. In addition, the width of the groove 23 of the bracket wing is greater than the width of the sliding rod 22, which can abut against the outside of the wing seat 12 of the fixing base to form a limit, and a ligation hook 24 is also provided at the end of the groove 23 to provide for the need for rubber ring ligation.

[0044] The elastic element 3 acts between the bracket wing 2 and the wing seat 12, maintaining their stable positions. The occlusal plate 21 can be touched by the occluding teeth and generate orthodontic force. The elastic element 3 has two structures: 1. A spring, which is sleeved on the sliding rod 22 of the bracket wing, with its end abutting against the wing seat 12 of the fixing seat, driving the bracket wing 2 forward; 2. A rubber ring, which is tied between the barb 122 of the wing seat and the groove 23 of the bracket wing, driving the bracket wing 2 forward. The illustrations use a spring as an example. The rubber ring is made of flexible material, and the ligation method is very flexible, as long as the purpose is achieved.

[0045] The two schemes for the elastic element 3 mentioned above can be further subdivided into three types based on the structure of the groove 23: a long rectangle, a short rectangle, and an upward-facing groove, corresponding to single-tooth orthodontic training and mandibular repositioning function, respectively. Furthermore, based on the combination of the occlusal plate 21 and the sliding rod 22, there are three types: an integrated closed structure, a separate closed structure, and an integrated open structure. The following embodiment will focus on the structure of the bracket wing 2. These specific structures can form different combinations; the following only describes the preferred scheme of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The illustration shows a combination of a long rectangular groove 23 and an integrated closed triangular structure as an example.

[0048] The groove 23 of the bracket wing has a rectangular structure, with the length of the longer side of the rectangle exceeding the sliding stroke of the bracket wing 2. The parallel planes corresponding to the two longer sides can be constrained by the inserted archwire, allowing only forward and backward displacement. Figure 7The bracket wing 2 is driven backward by the occlusal force of the teeth, and the elastic element 3 generates an orthodontic thrust on the fixed seat 1 to achieve single-tooth orthodontic training. Through frequent occlusion, it is gradually driven towards the designed position. Here, the elastic element 3 maintains the repositioning of the bracket wing 2, but also has a certain degree of freedom of reciprocating movement. It is guided by the archwire 4 and the groove 121 on the wing seat to keep it moving in the designed direction. In addition, besides its guiding function, the archwire 4, when the mouth is open during clinical adjustment, is located at the bottom of the rectangular hook groove 23, forming a limit and restraining the possibility of the bracket wing 2 moving forward unexpectedly.

[0049] The bite plate 21 and sliding rod 22 in the bracket wing form a closed triangular structure. The bite plate 21 and sliding rod 22 are machined as a single piece and supported by a central support rod 25 between them. The central support rod 25 is located at the junction of the sliding rod 22 and the groove 23. The connection between the bite plate 21 and the central support rod 25 is machined with a rear protrusion 211 on the side facing the groove 23. The rear protrusion 211 covers the hook opening of the groove 23, forming a C-shaped path for the archwire to cut into.

[0050] Furthermore, when the engagement reaches its limit position, the bracket wing 2 moves backward, and the archwire 4 moves forward relative to the opening end of the hook groove 23. To eliminate safety hazards, the rear protrusion 211 is further refined, processed into a bendable sheet structure, and positioned on the central upright 25. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The rear protrusion 211 can also be processed into a sheet shape. After the archwire is assembled, the sheet-shaped rear protrusion 211 is bent to block the opening of the groove 23, eliminating the possibility of the archwire coming out and making it safer to use.

[0051] Reference Figure 7 In the initial state, the occlusal plate 21 is located at the front end of the fixed seat 1. Driven by the biting force of the teeth, the occlusal plate 21 can move towards the end of the wing seat 12, and with the help of the spring, it generates an orthodontic thrust on the wing seat, that is, an inward force on the anterior teeth, while the archwire 4 plays a stable reference role. It should be noted that the spring is sleeved on the sliding rod 21. If it is an open structure, it is installed from the open end; if it is a closed structure, it is screwed in by the spring 3.

[0052] In the illustration, the fixed base 1 has one end with the wing 11 as the rear and the auxiliary tube hole 13 as the front, like a steering wheel. The fixed base 1 is bonded to the lingual side of the upper anterior teeth. This orthodontic appliance is suitable for the correction of protruding anterior teeth.

[0053] Correction principle: Figure 6For the force analysis of orthodontic appliance treatment, the occlusal force F theoretically generates a vertical force on the bracket wings. The angle A between the occlusal plate 21 and the sliding bar 22 (an arc-shaped bar equivalent to a straight bar) is as follows: The sliding bar 22 is mounted on the inclined bonding base 1, generating a component force F*cosA perpendicular to the sliding bar 22 and a component force F*sinA parallel to the sliding bar. The component force F*cosA generates a resistance parallel to the sliding bar between itself and the contact surface with the base 1. Due to the small design contact area, the resistance is greatly reduced and is much smaller than F*sinA. The component force F*sinA drives the bracket wings to overcome the spring force and move backward. It also acts on the base 1 with the help of the spring force, generating a backward thrust. This thrust is converted into an inward force on the anterior teeth. Each occlusal action generates an inward force, helping to retract the protruding anterior teeth. In addition to occlusal action, training with deliberate, relatively long-term occlusion will generate a relatively sustained inward orthodontic force.

[0054] The vertical occlusal force also exerts a force perpendicular to the tooth surface on the anterior teeth. Because the archwire 4 controls the bracket wings 2 through the groove 23, it partially counteracts the vertical force. However, most patients with protruding anterior teeth also have excessive vertical elongation of the anterior teeth, resulting in excessive exposure of the alveolar bone and gingiva, accompanied by a gummy smile. They often desire additional vertical force to aid in orthodontic treatment. This occlusal plate effectively both retracts and intrudes the anterior teeth, achieving two goals at once. Figure 12 and Figure 13 This is an example of a wearing-plan orthodontic appliance.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 Based on the above example, the interlocking plate 21 and the sliding rod 22 are processed separately and connected by mortise and tenon structure; the rear end of the interlocking plate 21 has a bent section 212, and the end of the bent section 212 and the front end of the interlocking plate 21 are processed with tenons or mortises 213, and the front end of the sliding rod 22 and the end of the groove 23 are respectively processed with mortises or tenons 221 to match them.

[0057] Clinically, the sliding bar 22, spring, and fixed base 1 can be bonded to the tooth surface first, and the archwire adjusted before assembling the occlusal plate 21 to form a closed unit, which can also prevent the archwire from slipping out. In addition, the beneficial effect of this method is that the occlusal plate 21 can be replaced during the orthodontic process to adjust the occlusal force.

[0058] In the two examples mentioned above, the occlusal plate 21 is preferably flat, but it can also be a convex or concave arc surface. Occlusal grooves 214 can also be machined on its surface to increase occlusal friction, as shown in the example below. Furthermore, the width of the occlusal plate 21 is no more than 8mm, and is 1 to 4 times the width of the sliding bar 22, providing a reasonable force-bearing surface while occupying minimal space. Since it drives a single tooth, it ensures sufficient force-bearing surface to meet the orthodontic needs of a single tooth.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] Reference Figure 14 and Figure 15 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 This example primarily involves mandibular repositioning correction, addressing the need for repositioning mandibular protrusion and retraction. To facilitate the coordinated action of multiple anterior teeth, the occlusal plate 21 can be made narrower and can be simplified without the need for a central post. Simultaneously, the bracket wings 2 and archwire 4 are ligated using rubber bands to maintain a relatively stable position, using the occlusal plate 21 to force mandibular retraction or protrusion repositioning. Therefore, the groove 23 is designed for ligation purposes, and it has the following two structures:

[0061] 1. Rectangular closed slots, such as Figure 14 and Figure 15 A ligating hook 24 is machined at the rear end of the groove; after the bow wire 4 passes through the groove 23, it is tied with a rubber ring to keep the position of the bracket wing 2 and the bow wire 4 stable.

[0062] II. Grooves 23 with openings facing upwards, such as Figure 17 and Figure 18 Both sides of the groove 23 are provided with ligation hooks 24; the groove 23 can be inserted with bow wire 4 and fixed by rubber ring.

[0063] Engaging patterns 214 are machined on the surface of the engagement plate at one end of the bracket wing 2 to improve engagement friction and prevent slippage.

[0064] The principle of mandibular orthodontic treatment: There are two types of mandibular repositioning: retraction and protrusion. For example... Figure 16 For the correction of mandibular retrusion, this orthodontic appliance is installed on the lingual side of the upper anterior teeth, with archwire 4 as the orthodontic target reference, to provide normal orthodontic treatment such as alignment of the upper teeth; when the teeth bite, the cusps of the retruded lower anterior teeth abut against the occlusal plate 21, and the mandible unconsciously protrudes forward to meet the bite. Frequent daily bite training will cause the mandible to move forward and adjust its position, so that the correction of a single tooth and the mandibular forward movement and adjustment can be carried out simultaneously.

[0065] like Figure 19 For the correction of mandibular protrusion, the orthodontic appliance is installed on the lingual side of the lower anterior teeth, using archwire 4 as the treatment target reference, to provide normal orthodontic treatment such as alignment of the lower teeth; when the teeth are occluded, the cusps of the upper anterior teeth abut against the occlusal plate 21, and the mandible unconsciously retracts to meet the bite. Frequent daily occlusal training causes the mandible to move backward, achieving simultaneous treatment of individual teeth and mandibular repositioning. This achieves a more efficient and effective orthodontic result.

Claims

1. An orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate, comprising a fixed base (1) for bonding tooth surfaces, bracket wings (2), and an elastic element (3), wherein the bracket wings (2) are slidably positioned on the fixed base (1); characterized in that: The fixed base (1) includes a base plate (11) with adhesive texture on the bottom surface and a wing seat (12) set at one end of the base plate surface. The wing seat (12) has a groove (121) in the middle along the central plane direction. The bracket wing (2) includes an occlusal plate (21), a sliding rod (22) and a groove (23) for the archwire to pass through. The occlusal plate (21) is set at the front end of the sliding rod (22) and the groove (23) is located at the rear end of the sliding rod (22). The bracket wing (2) is slidably positioned in the groove (121) of the fixed base (1) by means of the sliding rod (22) and can move back and forth along the groove (121). The elastic element (3) acts between the bracket wing (2) and the wing seat (12) and always maintains the tendency of the two to be in a stable position. The occlusal plate (21) can be touched by the biting teeth and generate orthodontic force.

2. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding rod (22) is a straight rod or an arc-shaped rod similar to the arc surface of the base plate (11) of the fixed seat, and there is an angle between it and the engagement plate (21), which is between 30 and 90 degrees.

3. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed seat has a barb (122) facing forward to prevent the elastic element (3) from falling out or to tie it, and an auxiliary pipe hole (13) is provided at the end of the bottom plate (11) away from the wing seat (12); the groove (23) of the bracket wing is wider than the width of the sliding rod (22), and can abut against the outside of the fixed seat wing seat (12) to form a limit, and a tying hook (24) is also provided at the end of the groove (23).

4. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic element (3) has the following two structures: First, a spring, which is sleeved on the sliding rod (22) of the bracket wing and its end abuts against the wing seat (12) of the fixed seat, driving the bracket wing (2) forward; Second, a rubber ring, which is tied between the barb (122) of the wing seat and the groove (23) of the bracket wing, driving the bracket wing (2) forward.

5. An orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The groove (23) of the bracket wing is rectangular. The length of the long side of the rectangle is greater than the sliding stroke of the bracket wing (2). The parallel planes corresponding to the two long sides can be constrained by the inserted archwire. It only moves in the front and back direction. The bracket wing (2) is driven to move backward by the biting force of the teeth, and generates an orthodontic thrust on the fixation seat (1) with the help of the elastic element (3).

6. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The interlocking plate (21) and sliding rod (22) in the bracket wing form a closed triangular structure. This closed triangular structure has two possible configurations:

1. The interlocking plate (21) and sliding rod (22) are machined as a single piece, supported by a central support rod (25) between them. The central support rod (25) is located at the junction of the sliding rod (22) and the groove (23), and a rear protrusion (211) is machined at the connection between the interlocking plate (21) and the central support rod (25) facing the groove (23). 211) Covering the hook opening of the groove (23) to form a C-shaped channel for the bow wire to cut into; Second, the interlocking plate (21) and the sliding rod (22) are processed separately and connected by mortise and tenon structure; The rear end of the interlocking plate (21) has a bent section (212), and the end of the bent section (212) and the front end of the interlocking plate (21) are processed with tenons or mortises (213), and the front end of the sliding rod (22) and the end of the groove (23) are respectively processed with mortises or tenons (221) to match them.

7. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The width of the bite plate (21) is no more than 8mm.

8. An orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The groove (23) in the bracket wing has the following two structures:

1. A rectangular closed groove with a ligating hook (24) processed at the rear end of the groove; 2. A groove (23) with the opening facing upward, with ligating hooks (24) provided on both wings of the groove (23); The groove (23) can be used to insert the archwire and be ligated and fixed by the rubber ring.

9. The orthodontic appliance with an occlusal plate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The surface of the interlocking plate at one end of the bracket wing (2) is machined with interlocking patterns (214).

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