A phosphoric acid purification device

Abstract

This invention discloses a phosphoric acid purification device, relating to the field of waste gas treatment technology. It includes: a purification tower and multiple sets of spray structures disposed inside the purification tower; a control auxiliary device, located inside the purification tower, used to adjust the spray space of each set of spray structures to adapt to different air intake volumes. The control auxiliary device includes multiple support plates disposed inside the purification tower. This invention utilizes layered pressure sensors and PLC closed-loop control to drive a variable-pitch screw to move the support plates of each layer when the air pressure inside the purification tower increases sharply, achieving differentiated lifting and lowering with maximum displacement at the bottom layer and progressively decreasing displacement upwards. This not only extends the residence time of waste gas by expanding the bottom layer to ensure the purification efficiency of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides and reduces the pressure drop inside the tower to eliminate safety faults caused by pressure buildup, but also maintains a stable gas-liquid contact environment through small-scale adjustments at the upper layers, ensuring the consistency of purification efficiency and operational stability of the entire tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment technology, specifically a phosphoric acid purification device. Background Technology

[0002] Wet-process phosphoric acid is a core technology in my country's phosphorus chemical industry, widely used in upstream and downstream industries such as phosphate fertilizers, industrial phosphates, and lithium battery precursors. Its production process continuously generates large quantities of tail gas containing highly corrosive and polluting pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride. If this tail gas is emitted directly without effective treatment, it will not only cause serious air pollution but also severely corrode and damage surrounding production equipment and building structures, and even endanger the surrounding ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it must be deeply treated by specialized purification equipment to meet national and industry environmental emission standards before being released. Spray purification towers, with their advantages of simple structure, large gas handling capacity, strong purification adaptability, and low operating costs, are currently the mainstream core equipment for wet-process phosphoric acid tail gas purification. Existing spray purification towers mostly adopt a multi-layer fixed spray structure, using counter-current spraying of the absorbent liquid through multiple spray layers to achieve the step-by-step absorption and purification of pollutants such as fluorides in the tail gas. However, in actual industrial production and operation, the reaction conditions of wet-process phosphoric acid are affected by multiple factors such as fluctuations in the composition of raw material phosphate rock, adjustments in production load, changes in the operating conditions of the front-end reactor, and fluctuations in system pressure. As a result, the amount of tail gas entering the tower and the gas pressure inside the tower will fluctuate frequently and significantly. Existing fixed spray purification towers have the following technical defects that are difficult to overcome: The spray layer is fixed and rigidly installed. The spacing between adjacent spray layers and the gas flow cross section inside the tower are fixed values. It is impossible to dynamically adjust according to the real-time air intake and gas pressure inside the tower. When the air intake increases suddenly and the gas pressure inside the tower increases dramatically, the local gas velocity inside the tower will increase significantly. This will not only shorten the countercurrent contact time between the waste gas and the spray absorption liquid, resulting in insufficient absorption of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides, and a sharp drop in purification efficiency, which will easily lead to environmental problems such as excessive tail gas emissions; it will also cause a sharp increase in the overall pressure drop inside the tower, causing abnormal operating conditions such as flooding, backflow of spray liquid, airflow deviation, and short circuit of absorption liquid wall flow, and even causing safety accidents such as leakage of highly corrosive fluorine-containing spray liquid, damage to the tower sealing structure, and equipment overpressure deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of existing multi-layer fixed spray purification towers used in wet-process phosphoric acid tail gas treatment. These towers suffer from issues due to the rigid installation of spray layers and the fixed spacing between adjacent spray layers and the fixed gas flow cross-section within the tower. This makes them unsuitable for adapting to the frequent and significant changes in tail gas intake and tower pressure caused by fluctuations in wet-process phosphoric acid production conditions. When the intake volume and tower pressure increase sharply, the local gas velocity within the tower increases dramatically, shortening the gas-liquid countercurrent contact time. This leads to insufficient absorption of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides, a sharp drop in purification efficiency, and excessive tail gas emissions. Furthermore, the rapid increase in overall pressure drop within the tower can cause safety accidents such as flooding, spray liquid backflow, leakage of highly corrosive fluorinated spray liquid, damage to tower seals, and equipment overpressure deformation. Therefore, this invention provides a phosphoric acid purification device.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a phosphoric acid purification device, comprising: a purification tower and multiple sets of spray structures disposed inside the purification tower; a regulating auxiliary device, located inside the purification tower, for regulating the spray space of each set of spray structures to adapt to different air intake volumes, the regulating auxiliary device comprising multiple support plates disposed inside the purification tower, each support plate having an exhaust pipe fixedly connected to its exhaust port, each support plate having a drain trough at its top, the drain outlet of the drain trough being connected to the drain outlet of the purification tower via a hose, each support plate having a connecting plate at its bottom, the spray structure being installed at the bottom of the connecting plate, the exhaust port of the connecting plate having an opening adjustment component; and a buffer auxiliary component, located between the support plates and the connecting plate, for adjusting the position of the connecting plate during a sudden increase in air pressure.

[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the control auxiliary device includes a rectangular frame fixedly connected inside the purification tower, a drive motor is installed inside the rectangular frame, an adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the inner side of the rectangular frame. A traction block is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the adjusting screw. A movable baffle is fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the traction block, and one of the movable baffles is fixedly connected to the support plate. A guide groove matching the movable baffle is opened on one side of the rectangular frame.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the outer wall of the adjusting screw is provided with multiple threads, and the pitch of the multiple threads decreases sequentially from bottom to top, and the inner side of the rectangular frame is provided with a limiting groove that matches the traction block.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the buffer auxiliary component includes a connecting sleeve fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate, an adjusting rod slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting sleeve, and an adjusting spring installed between the adjusting rod and the connecting sleeve.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the opening adjustment component includes an adjustment plate fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate, and a plurality of sealing adjustment blocks are provided at the ventilation opening of the adjustment plate. The plurality of sealing adjustment blocks are fitted together in pairs to form a polygonal sealing adjustment opening to adjust the size of the ventilation opening of the adjustment plate. A rectangular block is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sealing adjustment block, and a rectangular groove matching the rectangular block is opened on the top of the adjustment plate. Every two rectangular grooves that are close to each other are interconnected.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the opening adjustment component further includes an adjustment column fixedly connected to the top of the sealing adjustment block; an adjustment ring is rotatably connected to the top of the adjustment disc; an adjustment groove matching the adjustment column is opened on the inner side of the adjustment ring; a piston groove is opened on the inner side of the adjustment disc; an arc-shaped block is fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment ring, and one end of the arc-shaped block extends through to the inner side of the piston groove; an arc-shaped groove matching the arc-shaped block is opened on the inner side of the adjustment disc, and the arc-shaped groove communicates with the piston groove; an arc-shaped traction rod is fixedly connected to one side of the arc-shaped block; a third piston block is fixedly connected to one end of the arc-shaped traction rod; the third piston block matches the piston groove and is installed on the inner side of the piston groove; a baffle is fixedly connected to the inner side of the piston groove; and an arc-shaped spring is installed between the baffle and the third piston block; the piston groove is divided into two areas by the baffle and the piston groove.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a plurality of piston chambers are provided on one side of the rectangular frame, and each piston chamber is correspondingly arranged above a support plate. The plurality of piston chambers for longitudinal discharge are fixedly connected to the rectangular frame, and the uppermost piston chamber is fixedly connected to the purification tower. A first piston block is slidably connected to the inner side of each piston chamber, and a push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first piston block. The push rod is fixedly connected to the movable baffle. A first infusion hose is installed between the drain port of the piston chamber and the inlet port of the regulating plate, and the first infusion hose passes through the support plate and is fixedly connected to the support plate.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a second piston block is fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting rod, and the second piston block is slidably connected to the inner side of the connecting sleeve, and a second infusion hose is installed between the drain port of the connecting sleeve and the inlet port of the adjusting plate.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses layered pressure sensors and PLC closed-loop control to drive variable pitch screws to move the support plates of each layer when the pressure inside the purification tower increases sharply, so as to achieve differentiated lifting and lowering with the largest displacement at the bottom layer and the displacement decreasing step by step upwards. This not only extends the residence time of the exhaust gas by expanding the bottom layer to ensure the purification efficiency of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides and reduces the pressure drop inside the tower to eliminate safety faults caused by pressure buildup, but also maintains a stable gas-liquid contact environment by making small adjustments at the top layer, thus ensuring the consistency of purification efficiency and operational stability of the entire tower. 2. In extreme conditions where the gas pressure inside the purification tower suddenly increases and the detection sensors fail to respond in time, this invention achieves adaptive buffering adjustment by pushing the connecting plate upward to compress the adjusting spring through the sudden increase in gas pressure. This can instantly expand the capacity and reduce the local gas velocity, avoiding problems such as liquid flooding and gas-liquid contact failure, while taking into account both the bottom line of equipment safety and the environmental protection requirements of exhaust gas. It can also efficiently absorb impact energy, attenuate airflow pulsation, reduce equipment vibration fatigue damage in the highly corrosive environment of phosphoric acid exhaust gas, significantly extend the service life of the equipment, and reduce operation and maintenance costs. 3. This invention, by moving the traction block upwards, simultaneously drives the push rod and the first piston block to move, injecting hydraulic oil from the piston chamber into the regulating plate through the first infusion hose. This pushes the third piston block, which in turn drives the regulating ring to rotate via the arc-shaped block. Then, by adjusting the inclined groove, the regulating column moves the sealing regulating block outwards along the rectangular groove to adjust the size of the regulating plate's exhaust port. This allows multiple longitudinal regulating plates to synchronously and sequentially increase the exhaust port size as the support plate adjusts its position when the air pressure inside the purification tower increases dramatically. Simultaneously, the difference in the pitch of the adjusting screw achieves layered control, with the lower layer having a larger exhaust port opening and the upper layer progressively smaller openings. This aligns with the situation where the bottom of the purification tower has a large air intake and drastic air pressure fluctuations, while the upper layer... The smooth airflow characteristics of the system effectively enhance the flow capacity of the bottom layer and prevent local pressure buildup in the tower. It can also automatically enlarge the flow diameter of each layer and gradually increase the gas flow rate in the tower. This effectively reduces the resistance to waste gas flow, quickly clears excess tail gas to reduce the peak pressure in the tower, and prevents malfunctions such as liquid flooding and backflow of spray liquid caused by waste gas accumulation and airflow blockage. At the same time, the orderly and graded expansion of the exhaust ports of each layer ensures that the waste gas rises at a uniform speed in each purification chamber, avoiding insufficient gas-liquid contact time due to excessively high local gas velocity. This maintains stable reaction conditions for multi-layer countercurrent spraying, ensuring that the phosphoric acid waste gas and spray liquid fully contact and absorb, and stabilizing the pollutant purification effect. 4. When the connecting plate moves upward due to a sudden surge in air pressure inside the purification tower and the detection electrical control link fails to respond in time, the present invention uses the adjusting rod to squeeze the adjusting spring to achieve buffering. At the same time, it simultaneously drives the second piston block to push the hydraulic oil in the connecting sleeve into the piston groove, which in turn drives the third piston block to rotate the adjusting ring via the arc block. This causes the combined sealing adjusting block to expand the exhaust port to adapt to the sudden increase in air pressure. This not only avoids the inherent response delay of the electrical control link, but also achieves an instant response to overpressure conditions without electrical signals or external power input. It fundamentally eliminates the risks of overpressure, flooding, and equipment overload inside the tower during the electrical control response gap. It also achieves a simultaneous dual-effect synergy of spring buffering and energy absorption, spray chamber expansion, and exhaust port opening for pressure relief. This makes up for the defects of a single protection structure and greatly improves the device's ability to cope with extreme sudden overpressure with dual protection, preventing safety faults such as leakage of highly corrosive phosphoric acid tail gas, tower seal damage, and backflow of spray liquid flooding. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control aid structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A is shown in the enlarged view; Figure 5 This is a partial exploded view of the control aid of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the connecting disk of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the adjusting disc of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the regulating disc of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Purification tower; 2. Connecting plate; 3. Adjusting plate; 4. Support plate; 5. Exhaust pipe; 6. Rectangular frame; 7. First piston block; 8. Drainage trough; 9. Drive motor; 10. Adjusting screw; 11. Traction block; 12. Moving baffle; 13. Push rod; 14. Piston chamber; 15. First infusion hose; 16. Connecting sleeve; 17. Adjusting rod; 18. Adjusting spring; 19. Second infusion hose; 20. Sealing adjusting block; 21. Adjusting ring; 22. Adjusting inclined groove; 23. Adjusting column; 24. Rectangular groove; 25. Piston groove; 26. Second piston block; 27. Baffle; 28. Arc spring; 29. ​​Third piston block; 30. Arc traction rod; 31. Arc block. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes embodiments of the invention based on its overall structure.

[0017] Please see Figures 1-9This embodiment provides a phosphoric acid purification device, including: a purification tower 1 and multiple sets of spray structures disposed inside the purification tower 1; a control auxiliary device, located inside the purification tower 1, used to control the spray space of each set of spray structures to adapt to different air intake volumes. The control auxiliary device includes multiple support plates 4 disposed inside the purification tower 1. Each support plate 4 has an exhaust pipe 5 fixedly connected to its exhaust port. Each support plate 4 has a drain trough 8 on its top, and the drain outlet of the drain trough 8 is connected to the drain outlet of the purification tower 1 through a hose. Each support plate 4 has a connecting plate 2 at its bottom, and the spray structure is installed at the bottom of the connecting plate 2. The control auxiliary device includes a fixed... A rectangular frame 6 is fixedly connected inside the purification tower 1. A drive motor 9 is installed inside the rectangular frame 6. An adjusting screw 10 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 9. The adjusting screw 10 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the rectangular frame 6. A traction block 11 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the adjusting screw 10. A movable baffle 12 is fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the traction block 11. One of the movable baffles 12 is fixedly connected to the support plate 4. A guide groove matching the movable baffle 12 is opened on one side of the rectangular frame 6. Multiple threads are provided on the outer wall of the adjusting screw 10. The pitch of the multiple threads decreases from bottom to top. A limiting groove matching the traction block 11 is opened on the inner side of the rectangular frame 6. First, the spray structure has pipes, nozzles and other components for spraying liquids used to treat phosphoric acid waste gas. Since this is existing technology, this solution does not go into too much detail. The liquid inlet pipe of the spray structure is connected to the liquid supply pipe of the purification tower 1 through a hose so that the spray structure can always be connected to the liquid supply pipe of the purification tower 1 during the position adjustment of the connecting plate 2. The inner side of the purification tower 1 is equipped with a pressure sensor for detecting air pressure, and the pressure sensors are distributed at the bottom of each connecting plate 2. When the pressure sensor detects a sudden increase in the air pressure inside the purification tower 1, it transmits the signal to the PLC controller, which controls the drive motor 9 to start. The output of the drive motor 9 drives the adjusting screw 10 to rotate, which in turn drives multiple traction blocks 11 to move longitudinally. Since the pitch of the multiple threads on the outer wall of the adjusting screw 10 decreases from bottom to top, the lowest support plate 4 moves upward the most distance, and the pitch decreases from top to bottom. When the gas pressure increases suddenly, the lowest support plate moves upward the greatest distance, which can quickly expand the bottom spray space: on the one hand, it prolongs the residence time of the exhaust gas under high gas velocity, ensuring sufficient countercurrent contact between gas and liquid, avoiding atomization and short circuit of the absorbent liquid caused by excessive gas velocity, and ensuring that the purification efficiency of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides is stable and meets the standards; on the other hand, it rapidly increases the flow volume inside the tower, reduces the overall pressure drop inside the tower, alleviates pressure buildup from the root, and prevents safety failures such as backflow of spray liquid, flooding, equipment seal damage, and tower vibration caused by a sudden increase in gas pressure. The displacement of each support plate in the upper layers decreases gradually, which is adapted to the characteristic that the upper airflow tends to be stable after multiple purification stages. This avoids excessive adjustment that may disrupt the stable gas-liquid contact environment in the upper layer, maintains a constant gas velocity and gas-liquid ratio, and ensures the consistency of the purification efficiency of the entire tower. It also prevents fluctuations in the purification effect of the upper layer due to large adjustments in the lower layer. When the phosphoric acid waste gas at the bottom passes through the spray nozzle, the air inlet of the regulating plate 3, and then through the exhaust pipe 5, it is introduced to the upper layer. The liquid sprayed down from the upper layer is discharged to the outside through the drain outlet of the drain tank 8.

[0018] Please see Figure 7 A buffer auxiliary component is located between the support plate 4 and the connecting plate 2. It is used to adapt and adjust the position of the connecting plate 2 during the sudden increase of air pressure. The buffer auxiliary component includes a connecting sleeve 16 fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate 4. An adjusting rod 17 is slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting sleeve 16, and an adjusting spring 18 is installed between the adjusting rod 17 and the connecting sleeve 16. When the internal air pressure of the purification tower 1 suddenly increases, before the internal detection sensor can react in time, the increased air pressure will push the connecting plate 2 to move upward, and squeeze the adjusting spring 18 through the adjusting rod 17 to make adaptive adjustments. Overpressure in phosphoric acid tail gas towers can easily cause problems such as flooding, backflow of spray liquid, airflow deviation, and short circuit of absorbent liquid. In mild cases, it can lead to a sharp drop in the purification efficiency of characteristic pollutants such as fluorides in the tail gas and exceed emission standards. In severe cases, it can cause leakage of highly corrosive fluorinated spray liquid, damage to the tower body seal, and overpressure deformation of the equipment. By instantly expanding the volume to reduce the local gas velocity, the flooding and gas-liquid contact failure caused by high gas velocity blowing off the spray liquid can be avoided. While providing emergency buffering, the counterflow purification condition is maintained, which not only safeguards the bottom line of equipment safety but also avoids exceeding the environmental protection standards of tail gas under sudden operating conditions. Sudden increases in air pressure accompanied by strong airflow pulsations can cause vibration fatigue in the tower, spray pipes, nozzles, and support structures. Combined with the strong corrosiveness of phosphoric acid tail gas, this can significantly accelerate damage such as weld cracking of metal parts, nozzle detachment, and structural deformation. The spring buffer structure can efficiently absorb impact energy, attenuate airflow pulsations, significantly reduce equipment vibration, reduce fatigue damage in corrosive environments, significantly extend equipment service life, and reduce operation and maintenance costs.

[0019] Please see Figures 3-9An opening adjustment component is provided at the exhaust port of the connecting plate 2. The opening adjustment component includes an adjustment plate 3 fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate 2. Multiple sealing adjustment blocks 20 are provided at the ventilation port of the adjustment plate 3. The multiple sealing adjustment blocks 20 are combined in pairs to form a polygonal sealing adjustment port to adjust the size of the ventilation port of the adjustment plate 3. A rectangular block is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sealing adjustment block 20. A rectangular groove 24 matching the rectangular block is opened on the top of the adjustment plate 3. Every two adjacent rectangular grooves 24 are interconnected. The opening adjustment component also includes a fixedly connected component on the top of the sealing adjustment block 20. The top of the adjusting column 23 of the adjusting plate 3 is rotatably connected to the adjusting ring 21. The inner side of the adjusting ring 21 has an adjusting groove 22 that matches the adjusting column 23. The inner side of the adjusting plate 3 has a piston groove 25. An arc-shaped block 31 is fixedly connected to one side of the adjusting ring 21, and one end of the arc-shaped block 31 extends through the inner side of the piston groove 25. The inner side of the adjusting plate 3 has an arc-shaped groove that matches the arc-shaped block 31 and communicates with the piston groove 25. An arc-shaped traction rod 30 is fixedly connected to one side of the arc-shaped block 31, and one end of the arc-shaped traction rod 30 is fixedly connected to a third piston block 29. Piston block 29 matches and is installed inside piston groove 25. Baffle 27 is fixedly connected to the inside of piston groove 25, and arc spring 28 is installed between baffle 27 and third piston block 29. Baffle 27 and piston groove 25 divide piston groove 25 into two areas. Multiple piston chambers 14 are provided on one side of rectangular frame 6, and each piston chamber 14 is correspondingly arranged above a support plate 4. Multiple piston chambers 14 for longitudinal discharge are fixedly connected to rectangular frame 6, and the uppermost piston chamber 14 is fixedly connected to purification tower 1. The inner side of each piston chamber 14... A first piston block 7 is slidably connected to each side, and a push rod 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first piston block 7. The push rod 13 is fixedly connected to the movable baffle 12. A first infusion hose 15 is installed between the drain port of the piston chamber 14 and the inlet port of the adjusting plate 3. The first infusion hose 15 passes through the support plate 4 and is fixedly connected to the support plate 4. A second piston block 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting rod 17. The second piston block 26 is slidably connected to the inside of the connecting sleeve 16. A second infusion hose 19 is installed between the drain port of the connecting sleeve 16 and the inlet port of the adjusting plate 3. As the traction block 11 moves upward, the moving baffle 12 drives the push rod 13 to move upward synchronously. This allows the hydraulic oil inside the piston chamber 14 to be injected into the regulating plate 3 through the first infusion hose 15 via the first piston block 7. This, in turn, pushes the third piston block 29 to rotate the regulating ring 21 via the arc block 31. This, in turn, moves the regulating column 23 through the regulating groove 22 to adjust the position of the sealing regulating block 20 outward. This allows multiple sealing regulating blocks 20 to move along the rectangular groove 24 via the bottom rectangular block, thereby adjusting the size of the exhaust port of the regulating plate 3. As the internal air pressure of the purification tower 1 increases dramatically, the exhaust ports of the multiple regulating plates 3 arranged longitudinally are gradually enlarged during the adjustment process. By adjusting the thread pitch of the screw 10, the longitudinal multiple adjustment discs have different strokes as the support disc rises and falls, achieving layered control with a larger opening of the lower exhaust port and a progressively smaller opening of the upper exhaust port. This is tailored to the actual working conditions of the purification tower, where the bottom air intake is large, the air pressure fluctuates violently, and the upper airflow is gentle. It specifically strengthens the flow capacity of the bottom layer to avoid local pressure buildup in the tower. When the gas pressure increases dramatically, the exhaust flow diameter of each regulating plate is automatically enlarged, gradually increasing the overall gas flow rate in the tower, effectively reducing the resistance to exhaust gas flow, quickly dispersing excess tail gas, reducing negative pressure and high pressure peaks in the tower, preventing exhaust gas accumulation and airflow blockage, and avoiding problems such as flooding and backflow of spray liquid caused by pressure buildup in the tower. By orderly and gradedly expanding the exhaust ports of each layer, the exhaust gas rises at a uniform speed in each purification chamber, preventing excessively high local gas velocity from causing insufficient gas-liquid contact time; maintaining the reaction conditions of multi-layer countercurrent spraying ensures that the phosphoric acid exhaust gas and the spray liquid are fully in contact and absorbed, stabilizing the pollutant purification effect. When the connecting plate 2 suddenly moves upward, the adjusting rod 17 squeezes the adjusting spring 18 and moves upward. At the same time, it pushes the hydraulic oil inside the connecting sleeve 16 into the piston groove 25 through the second piston block 26. This pushes the third piston block 29 to drive the adjusting ring 21 to rotate actively through the arc block 31, thereby increasing the opening of the combined sealing adjusting block 20 to adapt to the sudden increase in air pressure. It avoids the inherent response delay of hundreds of milliseconds in the electrical control link of "pressure sensor detection - PLC signal calculation - drive motor execution", and requires no electrical signals or external power input. At the moment when the air pressure suddenly increases and pushes the connecting plate upward, it can simultaneously complete the entire process of hydraulic oil pushing - adjusting ring rotation - sealing adjusting block expansion - exhaust port opening, realize the instantaneous response to overpressure conditions, and fundamentally eliminate the risk of overpressure, flooding and equipment overload in the tower during the electrical control response gap period; Spring compression absorbs impact energy and expands the spray chamber for buffering. Simultaneously, the opening of the exhaust port facilitates rapid airflow and root-cause pressure relief. The synchronized action of these two mechanisms avoids the shortcomings of simple buffering, which can only alleviate the impact but cannot solve the root cause of overpressure. It also avoids structural impact damage caused by simple pressure relief without buffering. This dual protection significantly enhances the device's ability to cope with extreme and sudden overpressure, and prevents safety faults such as leakage of highly corrosive phosphoric acid tail gas, damage to the tower seal, and backflow of spray liquid.

[0020] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phosphoric acid purification device, characterized in that, include: Purification tower (1) and multiple sets of spray structures disposed inside the purification tower (1); The control auxiliary device is located inside the purification tower (1) and is used to control the spray space of each group of spray structures to adapt to different air intake volumes. The control auxiliary device includes multiple support plates (4) set inside the purification tower (1). Each support plate (4) has an exhaust pipe (5) fixedly connected to its exhaust port. Each support plate (4) has a drain trough (8) on its top, and the drain outlet of the drain trough (8) is connected to the drain outlet of the purification tower (1) through a hose. Each support plate (4) has a connecting plate (2) at its bottom, and the spray structure is installed at the bottom of the connecting plate (2). The exhaust port of the connecting plate (2) is provided with an opening adjustment component. A buffer auxiliary component is located between the support plate (4) and the connecting plate (2) and is used to adapt and adjust the position of the connecting plate (2) during the sudden increase in air pressure.

2. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control auxiliary device includes a rectangular frame (6) fixedly connected inside the purification tower (1). A drive motor (9) is installed inside the rectangular frame (6). An adjusting screw (10) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (9). The adjusting screw (10) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the rectangular frame (6). A traction block (11) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the adjusting screw (10). A movable baffle (12) is fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the traction block (11). One of the movable baffles (12) is fixedly connected to the support plate (4). A guide groove matching the movable baffle (12) is opened on one side of the rectangular frame (6).

3. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the adjusting screw (10) is provided with multiple threads, and the pitch of the multiple threads decreases sequentially from bottom to top. The inner side of the rectangular frame (6) is provided with a limiting groove that matches the traction block (11).

4. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The buffer auxiliary component includes a connecting sleeve (16) fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate (4), an adjusting rod (17) is slidably connected to the bottom of the connecting sleeve (16), and an adjusting spring (18) is installed between the adjusting rod (17) and the connecting sleeve (16).

5. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The opening adjustment component includes an adjustment plate (3) fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate (2). Multiple sealing adjustment blocks (20) are provided at the ventilation opening of the adjustment plate (3). The multiple sealing adjustment blocks (20) are combined in pairs to form a polygonal sealing adjustment port to adjust the size of the ventilation opening of the adjustment plate (3). A rectangular block is fixedly connected to the bottom of each sealing adjustment block (20). A rectangular groove (24) matching the rectangular block is opened on the top of the adjustment plate (3). Every two rectangular grooves (24) that are close to each other are connected to each other.

6. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The opening adjustment component also includes an adjustment column (23) fixedly connected to the top of the sealing adjustment block (20), an adjustment ring (21) rotatably connected to the top of the adjustment disc (3), an adjustment groove (22) matching the adjustment column (23) being opened on the inner side of the adjustment ring (21), a piston groove (25) being opened on the inner side of the adjustment disc (3), an arc-shaped block (31) fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment ring (21), and one end of the arc-shaped block (31) penetrating to the inner side of the piston groove (25), an arc-shaped groove matching the arc-shaped block (31) being opened on the inner side of the adjustment disc (3), and the The arc-shaped groove communicates with the piston groove (25). An arc-shaped traction rod (30) is fixedly connected to one side of the arc-shaped block (31). A third piston block (29) is fixedly connected to one end of the arc-shaped traction rod (30). The third piston block (29) matches the piston groove (25) and is installed inside the piston groove (25). A baffle (27) is fixedly connected to the inside of the piston groove (25). An arc-shaped spring (28) is installed between the baffle (27) and the third piston block (29). The piston groove (25) is divided into two areas by the baffle (27) and the piston groove (25).

7. The phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A plurality of piston chambers (14) are provided on one side of the rectangular frame (6), and each piston chamber (14) is correspondingly provided above a support plate (4). The plurality of piston chambers (14) for longitudinal discharge are fixedly connected to the rectangular frame (6), and the uppermost piston chamber (14) is fixedly connected to the purification tower (1). A first piston block (7) is slidably connected to the inner side of each piston chamber (14), and a push rod (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first piston block (7). The push rod (13) is fixedly connected to the moving baffle (12). A first infusion hose (15) is installed between the drain port of the piston chamber (14) and the inlet port of the regulating plate (3), and the first infusion hose (15) passes through the support plate (4) and is fixedly connected to the support plate (4).

8. A phosphoric acid purification device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the adjusting rod (17) is fixedly connected to a second piston block (26), and the second piston block (26) is slidably connected to the inner side of the connecting sleeve (16). A second infusion hose (19) is installed between the drain port of the connecting sleeve (16) and the inlet port of the adjusting plate (3).

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