A one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention provides a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, its preparation method, and its application. The preparation method includes: adding a one-dimensional silver nanostructure, a metal salt, and an additive to a solvent and stirring to disperse them evenly; adding an acidic or alkaline reagent under stirring conditions to adjust the pH of the solution, causing the metal ions in the solution to convert into metal hydroxide precipitates, obtaining a one-dimensional silver nanostructure-metal hydroxide suspension; then performing solid-liquid separation, washing and drying the obtained solid product to obtain a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder; wherein the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, copper hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, or cobalt hydroxide, and the one-dimensional silver nanostructure is silver nanowire or silver nanoribbon. The resulting composite material uses metal hydroxide as a carrier and separator, inhibiting the drying and agglomeration of silver nanowires from the source, exhibiting high conductivity and good redispersibility, thus improving conductivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material technology, and in particular to a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Silver nanowires, with their superior conductivity, high light transmittance, and good flexibility, are considered a key fundamental material for next-generation flexible transparent conductive materials, sensors, thermally conductive fillers, and antibacterial agents. In practical applications, silver nanowires are typically stored and transported in dry powder form or used as functional fillers in polymer substrates. However, the preparation of silver nanowires in dry powder faces a severe technical challenge: due to their extremely high aspect ratio and surface energy, during separation from the liquid system and dehydration, the capillary forces between the nanowires increase dramatically with the removal of the liquid medium, inevitably leading to severe agglomeration and irreversible entanglement. This agglomeration during the dry powder preparation process results in a dense, blocky structure of silver nanowire powder, losing its original high dispersibility and nanoscale effect. This not only significantly reduces conductivity but also makes it difficult to achieve uniform mixing with other materials in subsequent processing, severely hindering the large-scale application of silver nanowires as functional powder materials.

[0003] Conductive adhesives are an indispensable key material in electronic packaging and assembly, with numerous potential applications. Currently, commercially available conductive adhesives typically use micron-sized silver powder as the main conductive filler, often requiring an addition of 60-80 wt% of silver powder to form an effective conductive path. This high silver powder content not only leads to high material costs but also results in problems such as high adhesive density, high internal stress after curing, and decreased bond strength. Theoretically, utilizing the one-dimensional structure and high aspect ratio of silver nanowires, a highly efficient conductive network can be built with a lower filler content, thus significantly reducing the amount of silver powder used. However, as mentioned earlier, silver nanowires tend to agglomerate into lumps after being prepared as dry powder. When mixed into the adhesive matrix, they are extremely difficult to disperse, instead forming defects within the adhesive and failing to exert their intended conductivity-enhancing effect, potentially even reducing the overall performance of the conductive adhesive.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the industry currently employs strategies such as adding polymeric dispersants, surface coating modification, or low-temperature freeze-drying to alleviate the agglomeration of silver nanowires. However, the introduction of polymeric dispersants often affects the electrical and thermal conductivity of the composite material, and may decompose and generate bubbles during the high-temperature curing process of the conductive adhesive; surface modification processes are complex and costly; while freeze-drying alone can partially maintain dispersibility, it still cannot effectively solve the problem of silver nanowire agglomeration. Therefore, developing a composite material that can effectively suppress silver nanowire agglomeration at the source of dry powder preparation while retaining its excellent conductivity and lightweight properties, along with a simple and low-cost preparation method, is crucial. This material, when used as a filler in conductive adhesives, can significantly reduce the amount of high-cost silver powder used and construct a more complete conductive network through uniformly dispersed silver nanowires, thereby improving the overall performance of the conductive adhesive. This has significant practical implications for overcoming the application bottlenecks of silver nanowires and promoting the lightweighting and cost reduction of electronic materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above technical problems, this invention discloses a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, its preparation method, and its application. This composite material can effectively suppress the agglomeration of one-dimensional silver nanostructures, exhibits excellent dispersibility, and demonstrates good electrical conductivity. It overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies where one-dimensional silver nanostructures are prone to agglomeration and irreversible entanglement during the preparation of dry powder, making it difficult to directly apply them as functional powder materials.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Add the one-dimensional silver nanostructure, metal salt, and additives to the solvent and stir to disperse them evenly. Under stirring conditions, add acidic or alkaline reagents to adjust the pH value of the solution, so that the metal ions in the solution are converted into metal hydroxide precipitates, resulting in a one-dimensional silver nanostructure-metal hydroxide suspension. Step S2: Perform solid-liquid separation on the one-dimensional silver nanostructure-metal hydroxide suspension. The obtained solid product is washed and dried to obtain a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder. The metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, copper hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, or cobalt hydroxide. In the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder, the mass percentage of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure is 1-99%, and the one-dimensional silver nanostructure is silver nanowire or silver nanoribbon.

[0009] This technical solution involves generating metal hydroxide in situ on the surface of a one-dimensional silver nanostructure, resulting in a composite powder. The metal hydroxide coats / isolates the silver nanowires, forming a physical barrier that counteracts the capillary forces during drying. This not only preserves the lightweight and excellent conductivity of silver nanowires but also effectively suppresses their agglomeration during drying, preventing reverse entanglement and overcoming the problem of direct application of silver nanowires, significantly expanding their application prospects as a powder material. Furthermore, the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material can be dehydrated to obtain a silver nanowire / oxide composite material, which also performs the same function.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the additive includes at least one of surfactant, dispersant, defoamer, leveling agent, and anti-settling agent. Further, the amount of the additive is 0.001-5% of the solvent mass. Further, the surfactant is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium stearate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, quaternary ammonium salt, betaine, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, benzalkonium chloride, Tween, and fatty acid glycerides. Further, the dispersant is at least one of polyethylene glycol, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, and HPMA. Further, the defoamer is at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyether defoamer, higher alcohols, polyether-modified silicone, and emulsified silicone oil. Further, the leveling agent is at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified silicone, polyacrylate, fluorinated acrylate, diacetone alcohol, and isophorone. Furthermore, the anti-settling agent is at least one of organobentonite, fumed silica, hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax, and modified polyurea.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the solvent is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, cyclopentanone, ethylene glycol, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, toluene, benzene, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, dioxane, and turpentine.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the acidic or alkaline reagent is at least one selected from sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, butylamine, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and carbon dioxide.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stirring temperature is 20-200℃, the stirring time is 10-120 min, and the stirring speed is 500-10000 rpm.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the drying is performed by blower drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or supercritical drying.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder is a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / iron hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder, a silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite powder, or a silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite powder.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the metal salt is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of aluminum salts, zinc salts, magnesium salts, iron salts, manganese salts, copper salts, nickel salts, or cobalt salts; wherein, the aluminum salt is aluminum chloride, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate octadecylhydrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum chloride, alum, polyaluminum sulfate, polysulfide aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, aluminum triethoxy, aluminum triisopropoxy, aluminum tert-butoxide, aluminum triethanolamine complex, lithium fluoroaluminate, aluminum basic formate, and aluminum ethylphosphorus; and the zinc salt is zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, and their hydrates. One or more of the following: the magnesium salt is one or more of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, and their hydrates; the iron salt is one or more of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric nitrate, and their hydrates; the manganese salt is one or more of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, and their hydrates; the copper salt is one or more of copper chloride, cuprous chloride, copper sulfate, cuprous sulfate, copper nitrate, and their hydrates; the nickel salt is one or more of nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and their hydrates; and the cobalt salt is one or more of cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, and their hydrates.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the pH value is adjusted to 5-9.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure to the metal hydroxide is 0.01-99:1.

[0019] This invention discloses a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, which is prepared by the method described above for preparing one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite materials.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material can be dehydrated to obtain a silver nanowire / oxide composite material.

[0021] This invention discloses the application of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material as described above, for use in batteries, conductive adhesives, chip packaging, electrothermal materials, conductive pastes, electrocatalysis, or electronic shielding materials.

[0022] This invention discloses a conductive adhesive, the components of which include the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material as described above, silver powder, a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, and a solvent, wherein the amount of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material added accounts for 0.1%-30% of the total mass of the conductive adhesive. The conductive adhesive is prepared by mixing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material with silver powder, a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, and a solvent.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] First, it effectively inhibits dry powder agglomeration and significantly improves dispersibility: This invention introduces metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide, as a carrier and isolating medium, constructing a physical barrier before the silver nanowires / ribbons dry, effectively preventing direct contact between the silver nanowires / ribbons. During the subsequent drying process, the metal hydroxide framework can counteract the capillary forces generated during drying and dehydration, thereby completely avoiding irreversible entanglement and agglomeration of the silver nanowires / ribbons. The resulting composite material powder is fluffy and possesses excellent redispersibility.

[0025] Secondly, it synergistically improves conductivity and reduces material costs: The silver nanowires / ribbons in the composite material of this invention are uniformly dispersed and retain their inherent high aspect ratio characteristics, enabling the construction of complete conductive pathways in the polymer matrix with a relatively low addition amount. When applied to conductive adhesives, it can significantly reduce the amount of high-cost micron-sized silver powder used; on the other hand, the uniformly dispersed silver nanowires / ribbons can fill the gaps between micron-sized silver powder particles, forming a denser "point-line" conductive network, achieving "reduced silver content and increased efficiency".

[0026] Third, the process is simple and easy to scale up: The preparation method of this invention adopts the liquid phase in-situ composite method, which does not require complex equipment, has a wide process window and good repeatability, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0027] Fourth, expanding application scenarios: The composite material obtained by this invention has both lightweight and high conductivity, which broadens the application prospects of silver nanowires / ribbons in the field of powder engineering. In particular, it has important application value in high-end conductive adhesives, thermal interface materials, and antistatic coatings where filler dispersion and conductivity are required. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the preparation mechanism of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 The image shows the XRD pattern of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is an EDS-mapping image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 The image shows the FTIR spectrum of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0034] Figure 7 The thermogravimetric (TG) curve of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 8 This is an electron microscope image of silver nanowires without aluminum hydroxide in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 The image shows an electron microscope image of the conductive adhesive with added silver nanowires / aluminum hydroxide composite material in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 13 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 5 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 14 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 6 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 15 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 16 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 7 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 17 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 8 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 18 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 8 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 19 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / iron hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 9 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 20 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / iron hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 9 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 21 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 10 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 22 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 10 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 23 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 11 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 24 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 12 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 25 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 13 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 26 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 13 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 27 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 14 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 28 This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 14 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 29 This is an electron microscope image of the silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 15 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 30This is an EDS image of the silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite material prepared in Example 15 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0061] 100 g of wet silver nanowire powder with a solid content of 20 wt% was dispersed in 1000 mL of deionized water. The solution was heated to 50°C, and 0.1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.01% of the deionized water mass) was added, stirring until completely dissolved. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was uniformly dispersed in the solution and adsorbed onto the surface of the silver nanowires, promoting uniform dispersion through steric hindrance. Then, 21.35 g of aluminum sulfate octahydrate (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O) was added, and stirring continued until completely dissolved. Under stirring conditions, concentrated ammonia solution with a concentration of 25 wt% was added dropwise to adjust the pH value. As the pH increased, aluminum ions in the solution gradually converted to aluminum hydroxide and adhered to the surface of the silver nanowires. The steric hindrance provided by aluminum hydroxide significantly reduced the capillary forces between the silver nanowires, thereby effectively inhibiting their aggregation and irreversible entanglement. A schematic diagram of the composite process is shown below. Figure 1 When the solution pH was adjusted to 8, aluminum ions were almost completely converted to aluminum hydroxide, resulting in a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite dispersion with a mass ratio of silver nanowires to aluminum hydroxide of approximately 80:20. After two to three centrifugation and washing processes, the dispersion was redispersed in deionized water, and the concentration of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite dispersion was adjusted to 10 wt%. Subsequently, it was freeze-dried at -70 °C to obtain a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder with good conductivity and dispersibility, the microstructure of which is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Furthermore, the prepared silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder exhibits high bulkiness and dispersibility. For example... Figure 2 As shown, aluminum hydroxide is tightly coated on the surface of silver nanowires, and the two are evenly distributed without obvious agglomeration. Figure 3 The XRD pattern of the composite powder shows that, apart from the diffraction peaks of the silver nanowires, no diffraction peaks of aluminum hydroxide were observed, indicating that aluminum hydroxide exists in an amorphous form. Figure 4 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Al, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder. Furthermore, from... Figure 5 The EDS-mapping diagram shows that O, Al, and Ag elements are evenly distributed, indicating that aluminum hydroxide is uniformly coated on the surface of silver nanowires. Figure 6 The image shows the FTIR spectrum of the composite powder. The wavenumber is 1685.7 cm⁻¹. -1 and 1229.1 cm -1 The absorption peaks at these locations correspond to the stretching vibrations of the C=O and CO bonds in the residual polymer of the silver nanowires, respectively; the wavenumber is 489.8 cm⁻¹. -1 and 457.4 cm -1 The absorption peak at that point is attributed to the stretching vibration of the Al-O bond in aluminum hydroxide. Figure 7 This is the thermogravimetric spectrum of the composite powder. Figure 7 It can be seen that when the temperature exceeds 330 ℃, the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder still exhibits weight loss. This indicates that aluminum hydroxide undergoes a dehydration reaction during heating, transforming into aluminum oxide, thus leading to weight loss. As a control, when the system does not contain aluminum hydroxide, the silver nanowires undergo severe agglomeration due to capillary action and the influence of residual polymers on the surface, resulting in a morphology as shown in the image. Figure 8 As shown.

[0062] Table 1 lists the four-probe test data after the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite was pressed into tablets. The results show that the introduction of aluminum hydroxide did not significantly reduce the conductivity of the silver nanowires, and the composite material still maintained high conductivity.

[0063] When the composite material of this embodiment is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the conductive adhesive system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is a bisphenol A type epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 2. It can be seen that adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder can significantly reduce the resistance by approximately 40%, indicating a significant effect on improving the efficiency of conductive pathway construction. The morphology of the conductive adhesive with added silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder is shown in Table 2. Figure 9 As shown.

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0070] First, 72.12 g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and 0.5 g of betaine were dissolved in 1000 mL of deionized water. The solution was adjusted to 60 °C and sonicated until completely dissolved. Then, 700 g of a 5% (w / w) silver nanowire dispersion was added to the solution, and the mixture was mechanically stirred at 2000 rpm / min to ensure thorough dispersion of the silver nanowires. While continuously stirring, 23.08 g of sodium hydroxide was slowly added to adjust the pH of the solution to above 7. During the alkali addition process, aluminum hydroxide was clearly observed to form and combine with the silver nanowires. The mixture was then filtered to obtain a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material, in which the mass ratio of silver nanowires to aluminum hydroxide was approximately 70:30. The obtained composite material was washed 2–3 times with deionized water and then dispersed in deionized water to prepare a dispersion with a solid content of 5%. Finally, the dispersion was dried using spray drying technology to obtain a dry powder of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material, the microstructure of which is shown below. Figure 10 As shown. From Figure 10 As can be seen, the silver nanowires exhibit a highly dispersed state, without agglomeration or significant adhesion between them. This result is mainly attributed to the uniform distribution of aluminum hydroxide: it forms an insulating layer between the silver nanowires, effectively preventing agglomeration and adhesion of the silver nanowires caused by capillary forces.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The preparation of silver nanowire / alumina composite powder includes the following steps:

[0073] 422.65 g of aluminum sulfate octahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O) was weighed and dissolved completely in 5 L of water. Under stirring conditions at room temperature, this solution was slowly added to 100 g of a 1 wt% silver nanowire aqueous dispersion, and mechanically stirred at 3000 rpm for 1 hour. Subsequently, 25 wt% ammonia was added dropwise until the pH of the system reached neutral. During the formation of aluminum hydroxide, it was uniformly dispersed in the silver nanowire medium, resulting in a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite dispersion (the mass ratio of silver nanowires to aluminum hydroxide in the composite material was 1:99). The dispersion was then treated by spray drying to obtain a dry powder of the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite material. Its microstructure is shown below. Figure 11 As shown. From Figure 11 As can be seen, the silver nanowires are highly dispersed, with no obvious agglomeration or adhesion. In the obtained composite material, aluminum hydroxide is uniformly distributed between the silver nanowires, effectively inhibiting the agglomeration and adhesion of silver nanowires caused by capillary action during the drying process.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] The preparation of silver nanowire / alumina composite powder includes the following steps:

[0076] Weigh 15.47 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O) and place it in 100 mL of deionized water. Sonicate the solution until completely dissolved. After the aluminum chloride is fully dissolved, add 475 g of wet silver nanowire powder with a solid content of 20 wt%. Stir mechanically at 1000 rpm for 1.5 hours to uniformly disperse the silver nanowires. Separately, dissolve 4.61 g of lithium hydroxide in 100 mL of deionized water. Add the resulting solution dropwise to the above mixture, adjusting the pH to 8 to allow aluminum ions to be converted in situ to aluminum hydroxide and deposited on the surface of the silver nanowires, forming a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite dispersion with a mass ratio of 95:5. Filter the resulting composite dispersion to obtain a wet silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder. Wash the powder multiple times with ethanol and finally air-dry it at room temperature in a ventilated area. After the ethanol has fully evaporated, the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder is obtained. The obtained composite powder was placed in a tube furnace and subjected to high-temperature dehydration treatment by introducing a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, transforming it into a silver nanowire / alumina composite material, the microstructure of which is as follows: Figure 12 As shown. By Figure 12 It is evident that the silver nanowires are highly dispersed and show no obvious aggregation, indicating that aluminum hydroxide, after being dehydrated and converted into aluminum oxide, can still effectively inhibit the aggregation of silver nanowires.

[0077] When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the conductive adhesive system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is a bisphenol A type epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / alumina composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 3. It can be seen that adding only 2 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together can still reduce the volume resistivity.

[0078] Table 3

[0079]

[0080] Example 5

[0081] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0082] 31.54 g of sodium aluminate (also known as sodium metaaluminate, NaAlO2) was weighed and slowly added to 500 mL of deionized water, stirring until fully dissolved. While continuously stirring, 600 mL of a 5 wt% silver nanowire dispersion was slowly added, followed by a 5 wt% sulfuric acid solution, which was then slowly added dropwise under stirring to adjust the pH of the system from strongly alkaline to 6–7. At this point, aluminum hydroxide precipitate was clearly observed to form in the solution. After the pH stabilized, the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite precipitate was collected by centrifugation. The obtained solid product was washed and centrifuged multiple times to completely remove residual soluble ions. Finally, the washed composite was allowed to air dry naturally in a well-ventilated environment at room temperature to obtain the silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder, whose microstructure is shown below. Figure 13 As shown. From Figure 13 It can be seen that aluminum hydroxide has an amorphous structure, which allows the silver nanowires to be effectively separated.

[0083] Example 6

[0084] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0085] 72.12 g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and 0.1 g of fluorinated surfactant (added as a fluorocarbon surfactant solution) were added to 2000 mL of ethanol. The solution was heated to 60 °C and sonicated until completely dissolved. 700 g of a 5% (w / w) silver nanowire ethanol dispersion was added to the resulting clear solution, and the mixture was continuously stirred at 1000 r / min to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires. While maintaining stirring, a 10 wt% sodium hydroxide ethanol solution was slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to 7.0. During the dropwise addition, a white flocculent precipitate was observed, which is the complex formed by aluminum hydroxide and silver nanowires. After complete precipitation, the solid product was separated by filtration. The obtained solid was washed with ethanol 2–3 times to remove residual impurities, and then redispersed in ethanol to prepare a dispersion with a solid content of 5%. Finally, the dispersion was dried using a low-temperature spray drying process to obtain a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder material, the microstructure of which is shown below. Figure 14 As shown.

[0086] Example 7

[0087] The preparation of silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0088] Accurately weigh 28.9 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and dissolve it in 500 mL of deionized water. The dissolution is accelerated at room temperature using an ultrasonic cleaner until the solute is completely eliminated and the solution becomes transparent. Next, measure 2000 g of an aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires (2% by mass) and pour it into the zinc salt solution. Turn on a mechanical stirrer at 3000 r / min to ensure thorough mixing of the two phases. While continuously stirring, slowly add 25 wt% ammonia water in a thin stream to adjust the pH of the reaction system to neutral (pH=7.0). At this point, flocculent matter rapidly forms in the system, indicating that zinc hydroxide begins to form and recombine in situ on the surface of the silver nanowires. After the reaction is complete, collect the solid product using conventional filtration methods and wash the sample 2–3 times with deionized water to purify it. Resuspend the purified wet powder in deionized water and adjust the solid-liquid ratio to 10%. Finally, the suspension was rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen and then subjected to sublimation drying in a freeze-drying apparatus to obtain the target product—silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder, with the following microstructure: Figure 15 As shown. Figure 16 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Zn, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 4. It can be seen that adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0089] Table 4

[0090]

[0091] Example 8

[0092] The preparation of silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0093] Take 42.25 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) and add it to a container containing 800 mL of deionized water. Dissolve it completely using ultrasound at room temperature until the solution becomes clear and transparent. Then, slowly pour 2000 g of a 2% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires into the magnesium salt solution. Start a mechanical stirrer and stir continuously at 1300 r / min to ensure uniform dispersion of the nanowires in the system. While maintaining stirring, slowly add 25% (w / w) ammonia solution to the mixture, gradually adjusting the pH of the reaction system to neutral (7.0). During the addition process, flocculent precipitate gradually forms in the system, indicating that magnesium hydroxide has been deposited in situ on the surface of the silver nanowires and formed a composite structure. After the reaction is complete, collect the solid composite product using atmospheric pressure filtration and wash it repeatedly with deionized water 2-3 times to remove residual soluble impurities. The washed wet powder is redispersed in deionized water, and the solid content is adjusted to 10% to prepare a uniform suspension. After spray drying, the suspension was finally processed to obtain a silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder material, the microstructure of which is as follows: Figure 17 As shown. Figure 18 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Mg, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 5. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0094] Table 5

[0095]

[0096] Example 9

[0097] The preparation of silver nanowire / ferric hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0098] Weigh 37.8 g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) and place it in an appropriate amount of isopropanol. Add isopropanol to a final volume of approximately 300 mL and stir continuously at room temperature until the solid is completely dissolved, yielding a clear, yellow iron ion solution. Then, slowly add 250 g of a 1 wt% silver nanowire isopropanol dispersion to the above solution, maintaining stirring throughout the addition to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires and prevent localized agglomeration. After the dispersion is homogeneous, triethylamine solution is added dropwise under continuous mechanical stirring to gradually adjust the pH of the reaction system to 7.0. During the dropwise addition, flocculent precipitate gradually appears, indicating that ferric hydroxide begins to form in situ on the surface of the silver nanowires and creates a composite structure. After the pH stabilizes, continue stirring for a period of time to allow the reaction to proceed fully. After the reaction is complete, centrifuge the mixture and collect the lower precipitate, which is the silver nanowire / ferric hydroxide composite material. The obtained solid product needs to be washed repeatedly with isopropanol 3-5 times, and centrifuged after each wash to thoroughly remove residual triethylamine, unreacted iron ions, and other soluble impurities. The cleaned composite is then placed in a constant-temperature forced-air drying oven and dried at 60°C to constant weight to allow the isopropanol to completely evaporate. The dried product is then gently ground and dispersed to obtain the silver nanowire / ferric hydroxide composite powder material. In the obtained composite powder, the silver nanowires and ferric hydroxide are well bonded, with the ferric hydroxide coating or adhering to the surface of the silver nanowires in an amorphous or weakly crystalline form, forming an effective spatial barrier structure. Its microstructure is as follows: Figure 19 As shown. Figure 20 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Fe, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / ferric hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 6. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0099] Table 6

[0100]

[0101] Example 10

[0102] The preparation of silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0103] Take 19.0 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4·H2O) and 0.1 g of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), add them to 100 mL of deionized water, and sonicate to fully dissolve the manganese sulfate monohydrate until the solution becomes clear and transparent, ensuring complete release of manganese ions. Slowly pour the prepared solution into 1000 mL of a 4% (w / w) silver nanowire dispersion, and then stir continuously at 2000 rpm for 1 hour to ensure uniform dispersion and sufficient contact between the silver nanowires and manganese ions, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding effect of the subsequent composite material. Next, slowly add 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution dropwise to the above mixture, gradually adjusting the pH of the system to neutral (approximately pH=7). The dropwise addition rate must be strictly controlled to avoid localized excessive alkalinity leading to uneven precipitation. After the pH stabilizes, collect the generated silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite material by centrifugation. The obtained composite product was thoroughly washed with deionized water and then centrifuged again. This washing process was repeated 2 to 3 times to completely remove residual sulfate ions and other soluble impurities, ensuring the purity of the material. Finally, the cleaned composite material was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 50°C to constant weight. After the solvent had completely evaporated, a silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder with uniform structure and high purity was obtained, with the following microstructure: Figure 21 As shown. Figure 22 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Mn, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 7. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0104] Table 7

[0105]

[0106] Example 11

[0107] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0108] 72.12 g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) was weighed and dissolved in 1 liter of deionized water. The solution was sonicated at room temperature until clear and transparent. While stirring at 1200 rpm, 700 g of a 5% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires was slowly injected into the aluminum nitrate solution, with continuous stirring to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires. While maintaining stirring, 23.08 g of sodium hydroxide was slowly added in batches. A white aluminum hydroxide precipitate was observed to form and recombine with the silver nanowires in situ. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was collected and washed repeatedly with deionized water 2-3 times to remove residual impurities. The washed solid was redispersed in deionized water, and the solid content was adjusted to 5% to obtain a uniform dispersion. Finally, the dispersion was spray-dried to obtain a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder, the microstructure of which is shown below. Figure 23 As shown. From Figure 23 As can be seen, aluminum hydroxide, in an amorphous or weakly crystalline form, coats or adheres to the surface of silver nanowires, forming an effective spatial barrier structure. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the conductive adhesive system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 8. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together can significantly reduce the volume resistivity.

[0109] Table 8

[0110]

[0111] Example 12

[0112] The preparation of silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0113] Weigh 4.27 g of aluminum sulfate octahydrate (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), dissolve it in 100 ml of deionized water, and sonicate at room temperature until the solution is clear and transparent. Then, slowly add the aluminum sulfate solution to 990 g of a 10% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires, stirring continuously at 2000 rpm to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires. While stirring, add 1 M NaOH solution dropwise to neutralize the pH of the solution. A white aluminum hydroxide precipitate will form and recombine with the silver nanowires in situ. Centrifuge the reaction mixture, collect the centrifuged substrate, and wash repeatedly with deionized water 2-3 times to remove residual impurities. Redisperse the washed solid in deionized water, adjusting the solid content to 2% to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. Finally, spray-dry the dispersion to obtain a silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder, the microstructure of which is shown below. Figure 24 As shown. From Figure 24 It is evident that aluminum hydroxide adheres to the surface of the silver nanowires, forming an effective spatial barrier structure, reducing the surface energy of the silver nanowires, thus ensuring good dispersion and avoiding significant aggregation.

[0114] Example 13

[0115] The preparation of silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0116] 10.86 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) was weighed and dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water. The solution was sonicated at room temperature until clear and transparent. Then, 99 g of a 10% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires (containing 9.9 g of silver nanowires) was taken, and the copper sulfate solution was slowly added dropwise to the silver nanowire dispersion. The mixture was stirred continuously at 2000 rpm to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires. While stirring, 1 M NaOH solution was added dropwise to neutralize the pH of the solution. A blue copper hydroxide precipitate was observed to form and recombine with the silver nanowires in situ. The reaction mixture was centrifuged, and the collected substrate was washed repeatedly with deionized water 2–3 times to remove residual impurities. The washed solid was redispersed in deionized water, and the solid content was adjusted to 2% to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. Finally, the dispersion was spray-dried to obtain a silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder, wherein the mass ratio of silver nanowires to copper hydroxide was 7:3. Its microstructure is shown in the figure. Figure 25 As shown. From Figure 25 It is evident that copper hydroxide adheres to the surface of silver nanowires, forming an effective spatial barrier structure, reducing the surface energy of the silver nanowires, thus ensuring good dispersion and preventing significant aggregation. Figure 26 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Cu, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 9. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0117] Table 9

[0118]

[0119] Example 14

[0120] The preparation of silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0121] 10.88 g of nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) was placed in 100 mL of deionized water and sonicated at room temperature until the solution became completely clear and transparent. Then, 99 g of a 10% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires (containing 9.9 g of silver nanowires) was slowly added dropwise to the silver nanowire dispersion while stirring at 2000 rpm to ensure uniform dispersion of the silver nanowires. While maintaining stirring, 1 M KOH solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to neutral. A precipitate formed, which is nickel hydroxide, and this precipitate undergoes in-situ recombination with the silver nanowires. After the reaction was complete, the solid product was collected by centrifugation and washed repeatedly with deionized water 2–3 times to remove residual impurities. The washed solid was redispersed in deionized water, and the solid content was adjusted to 2% to form a uniform suspension. Finally, the suspension was spray-dried to obtain a silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite dry powder. Its microstructure is shown in the figure. Figure 27 As shown, Figure 27 As shown, nickel hydroxide in the obtained composite dry powder adheres to the surface of silver nanowires, forming an effective spatial barrier layer, reducing the surface energy of the silver nanowires, and keeping the silver nanowires in a well-dispersed state without obvious agglomeration. Figure 28 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Ni, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 10. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0122] Table 10

[0123]

[0124] Example 15

[0125] The preparation of silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite powder includes the following steps:

[0126] 25.32 g of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O) was weighed and dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water. The solution was sonicated at room temperature until clear and transparent. Then, 99 g of a 10% (w / w) aqueous dispersion of silver nanowires (containing 9.9 g of silver nanowires) was taken, and the cobalt chloride solution was slowly added dropwise to the silver nanowire dispersion. While stirring at 2000 rpm, the silver nanowires were continuously dispersed. While stirring, 1 M NaOH solution was added dropwise to neutralize the pH of the solution. At this point, cobalt hydroxide precipitate was observed to form and recombine with the silver nanowires in situ. The reaction mixture was centrifuged, and the collected substrate was repeatedly washed 2-3 times with deionized water to remove residual impurities. The washed solid was redispersed in deionized water, and the solid content was adjusted to 2% to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. Finally, the dispersion was spray-dried in a cold trap to produce powder, followed by rapid freeze-drying to obtain a silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite dry powder. Its microstructure is shown in the figure. Figure 29 As shown. From Figure 29 It is evident that cobalt hydroxide adheres to the surface of silver nanowires, forming an effective spatial barrier structure, reducing the surface energy of the silver nanowires, thus ensuring good dispersion and avoiding significant aggregation. Figure 30 The EDS characterization results of the composite powder show characteristic peaks for O, Co, and Ag elements, further confirming the successful preparation of the silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite powder. When this composite material is used as a conductive additive in a conductive adhesive system, the system comprises a polymer resin matrix, a curing agent, a solvent, and conductive components. The polymer resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin; the curing agent is dicyandiamide + 2-methylimidazole; the solvent is ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; and the conductive components are silver powder and silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite powder. The content of the conductive components is shown in Table 11. Adding only 1 wt% of the composite material and silver powder together significantly reduces the volume resistivity.

[0127] Table 11

[0128] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Add the one-dimensional silver nanostructure, metal salt and additives to the solvent and stir to disperse evenly; under stirring conditions, add acid and alkaline reagents to adjust the pH value of the solution, so that the metal ions in the solution are converted into metal hydroxide precipitates, and a one-dimensional silver nanostructure-metal hydroxide suspension is obtained. Step S2: The one-dimensional silver nanostructure-metal hydroxide suspension is subjected to solid-liquid separation. The resulting solid product is washed and dried to obtain a one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder. The metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, iron hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, copper hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, or cobalt hydroxide. The one-dimensional silver nanostructure accounts for 1-99% of the mass of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder. The one-dimensional silver nanostructure is silver nanowire or silver nanoribbon.

2. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additives include at least one of surfactants, dispersants, defoamers, leveling agents, and anti-settling agents, and the amount of the additives is 0.001-5% of the solvent mass; the surfactants are at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium stearate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, quaternary ammonium salt, betaine, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, benzalkonium chloride, Tween, and fatty acid glycerides; the dispersants are at least one of polyethylene glycol, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, and HPMA; the defoamers are at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyether defoamers, higher alcohols, polyether-modified silicone, and emulsified silicone oil; the leveling agents are at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified organosilicon, polyacrylate, fluorinated acrylate, diacetone alcohol, and isophorone; and the anti-settling agents are at least one of organobentonite, fumed silica, hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax, and modified polyurea.

3. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, cyclopentanone, ethylene glycol, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, toluene, benzene, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, dioxane, and turpentine.

4. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic or alkaline reagent is at least one of sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, butylamine, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and carbon dioxide.

5. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring temperature is 20-200℃, the stirring time is 10-120 min, and the stirring speed is 500-10000 rpm; the drying is performed by forced air drying, vacuum drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or supercritical drying.

6. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite powder is silver nanowire / aluminum hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / zinc hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / magnesium hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / iron hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / manganese hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / copper hydroxide composite powder, silver nanowire / nickel hydroxide composite powder, or silver nanowire / cobalt hydroxide composite powder.

7. The method for preparing the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the metal salt is one or a mixture of two or more of aluminum salt, zinc salt, magnesium salt, iron salt, manganese salt, copper salt, nickel salt, or cobalt salt; wherein, the aluminum salt is one or a mixture of two or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate octahydrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum chloride, alum, polyaluminum sulfate, polysulfide aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, aluminum triethoxy, aluminum triisopropoxy, aluminum tert-butoxide, aluminum triethanolamine complex, lithium fluoroaluminate, basic aluminum formate, and aluminum ethyl phosphide; the zinc salt is one or more of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, and their hydrates; and the magnesium salt is magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, or magnesium sulfate. The metal salt comprises one or more of magnesium nitrate and its hydrates; the iron salt comprises one or more of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric nitrate and their hydrates; the manganese salt comprises one or more of manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate and their hydrates; the copper salt comprises one or more of copper chloride, cuprous chloride, copper sulfate, cuprous sulfate, copper nitrate and their hydrates; the nickel salt comprises nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate or their hydrates; and the cobalt salt comprises one or more of cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate and their hydrates; the pH value is adjusted to 5-9; and the mass ratio of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure to the metal hydroxide is 0.01-99:

1.

8. A one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material, characterized in that: The one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material was prepared using the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The application of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material as described in claim 8, characterized in that: It is used in batteries, conductive adhesives, chip packaging, electrothermal materials, conductive pastes, electrocatalysis, or electronic shielding materials.

10. A conductive adhesive, characterized in that: Its components include the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material as described in claim 8, silver powder, polymer resin matrix, curing agent, and solvent, wherein the amount of the one-dimensional silver nanostructure / metal hydroxide composite material added accounts for 0.1%-30% of the total mass of the conductive adhesive.

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