A composite wax, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of paraffin wax production technology, and discloses a composite wax, its preparation method, and its application. The composite wax is prepared from the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: products from the petroleum refining process account for less than 65%, vacuum gasified oil accounts for less than 30%, and paraffin wax accounts for less than 70%. This invention uses high-wax-content intermediate products as the base raw material. Through property analysis of various raw material samples, a special formula for emulsion explosives was developed. Compared with existing technologies, the special composite wax for emulsion explosives of this invention has low cost, stable source, and meets the requirements of new emulsion explosive production processes and performance improvements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of paraffin production technology, and relates to a composite wax, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial explosives (also known as civilian explosives) are widely used in various fields of national economic construction, such as coal mining and metallurgy, petroleum geology, transportation and hydropower, forestry construction, and controlled blasting. There are many types of industrial explosives, among which emulsion explosives possess excellent explosive properties and water resistance. They are not only simple in composition and have widely available raw materials, but also have a simple processing flow, do not contain sensitizers with explosive properties, and have lower production costs than other explosives. In recent years, they have become a widely used new type of explosive by explosive manufacturers.

[0003] Emulsion explosives are thermodynamically unstable systems with high internal ratio, high density, easy crystallization, demulsification, and a viscous morphology. Storage stability has always been a crucial research topic for emulsion explosives. Many factors influence the storage stability of emulsion explosives. Although the oil phase component only accounts for a few percent of the total emulsion explosive, it plays a vital role in improving the emulsification effect, storage stability, and detonation performance. Research has found that composite wax is a typical representative of this oil phase material and is a highly efficient organic fuel specifically for emulsion explosives. Currently, with the rapid development of the civil explosives industry, especially in urban areas, the amount of directional blasting of houses in densely populated residential areas has increased. Residents are increasingly concerned about the environmental problems caused by explosives. Adding composite wax specifically for explosives reduces the pollution from blasting compared to traditional explosives, leading to significant demand from businesses and a broad market prospect. In principle, paraffin products can be used as oil phase materials in emulsion explosives, but their impact on explosive performance varies greatly. On the one hand, the different origins of crude oil and the differences in the chemical composition of wax can cause certain fluctuations in the quality of emulsion explosives. On the other hand, some paraffin waxes are produced using different processes. Although some physical constants are the same, their chemical structures are very different, resulting in unstable product quality. At the same time, since waxes are mostly solid crystals at low temperatures, the relative movement between molecules is relatively difficult, which can reduce the sensitivity of the explosive.

[0004] The performance of emulsion explosives largely depends on the properties of their continuous phase—the oil phase material. With the increasing use of emulsion explosives, the demand for oil phase materials is also constantly rising. Currently, the raw materials used domestically and internationally to prepare oil phase materials for emulsion explosives mainly include paraffin wax, heavy oil, petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, and lubricating oil. However, procuring these raw materials is difficult, transportation costs are high, and the performance of some raw materials does not fully meet the production requirements of emulsion explosives. Therefore, explosive manufacturers have an increasingly strong demand for high-performance, cost-effective explosive composite waxes.

[0005] CN105859492A discloses a composite oil phase for emulsion explosives and its preparation method. The composite oil phase for emulsion explosives comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: paraffin wax: 10-32%, composite wax: 25-45%, microcrystalline wax: 2-6%. It has a long shelf life, but the cost is still relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a special composite wax material for emulsion explosives and its preparation method. The aim is to provide a composite wax material with superior performance, lower cost, and the ability to meet the requirements of different emulsion explosive formulations, as well as a simple and efficient method for preparing this composite wax material. This composite wax material is expected to further improve the performance and quality of emulsion explosives, reduce production costs, and promote the further development of emulsion explosive technology.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] A composite wax is prepared from the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: less than 65% of the product from the petroleum refining process, less than 30% of the vacuum wax residue, and less than 70% of the paraffin wax.

[0009] As a further improvement to the technical solution, the products of the petroleum refining process are vacuum distillate oil or heavy deasphalted oil, or a mixture of the two.

[0010] As a further improvement to the technical solution, the vacuum distillate oil is one or more of the following: vacuum third-line, vacuum fourth-line, vacuum fifth-line, and vacuum sixth-line distillate oils.

[0011] As a further improvement to the technical solution, the aforementioned pressure-reducing wax oil is one or more of the following: three-line pressure-reducing wax oil and four-line pressure-reducing wax oil.

[0012] As a further improvement to the technical solution, the paraffin wax is one or more of 52# petroleum wax, 62# petroleum wax and 68# petroleum wax.

[0013] A method for preparing a composite wax involves first heating vacuum distillate oil and adding it to a blending kettle. The material is heated until it is basically melted at a temperature greater than 60°C. Then, other components are added in sequence and stirring is started. After the material temperature rises to 70-80°C and all the raw materials are melted, the heating load is reduced. The temperature is maintained between 80-100°C throughout the process. Stirring is continued and the discharge valve is opened. The product is then placed into a large barrel after passing through a filter funnel.

[0014] Furthermore, the stirring time was 0.5-1 hour for both the 70-80℃ and 80-100℃ temperature settings.

[0015] Furthermore, after all materials are added, they are continuously stirred and heated, and the electric heat tracing system of the discharge pipeline is turned on during the stirring process.

[0016] One application of a composite wax, as a special material for composite wax in emulsion explosives, is generally used in emulsion explosives at a weight percentage of less than 30%.

[0017] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0018] This invention utilizes intermediate products such as vacuum distillate oil, wax residue, wax paste, and crude wax to produce composite wax for emulsion explosives. This not only increases the added value of the company's products and reduces fuel oil production, but also increases the variety of chemical products. With the development of emulsion explosives, there is an urgent need for a series of oil-phase materials, especially products with stable quality. Fushun Petrochemical can provide high-wax-content raw materials, filling this market gap. Due to the use of intermediate products, there is a significant price advantage, making it highly competitive compared to similar products on the existing market. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0020] First, heat the reduced-temperature (5-star) material and add it to the mixing vessel. Heat until the material temperature exceeds 60℃ and it is basically melted. Then, add the other components in sequence and start stirring. After all materials are added, continue stirring and heating until the material temperature reaches 70℃ and all raw materials are melted. Reduce the heating load and continue stirring for 0.5 hours, maintaining the temperature between 80-100℃ throughout the process. During stirring, turn on the electric heating system of the discharge pipeline. After stirring and mixing for 0.5 hours, turn off the heating system, continue stirring, and open the discharge valve. After passing through a filter funnel, the product is placed into a 200-liter large drum.

[0021] The raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were all sourced from the Fushun Petrochemical Company Research Institute. The properties of the reduced-density 3, 4, 5 and 6 fraction oils are shown in Table 1, the properties of the reduced-density 3 and 4 fraction wax oils are shown in Table 2, and the properties of the wax paste are shown in Table 3.

[0022] Table 1 Properties of Reduced Grade III, IV, V, and VI Distillate Oils

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] Table 2 Properties of Subtractive Wax Oil for Three and Four Lines

[0026] project Reduce the amount of wax applied. Reduce four-line wax oil <![CDATA[Density (20 °C) / g·cm -3 > 0.8775 0.8885 <![CDATA[Viscosity (100 °C) / mm 2 / s]]> 5.75 8.75 Flash point (open cup) / °C 215 248 Pour point / °C 6 9 Residual carbon / m% <0.01 <0.01 molecular weight 410.8 455.1 Initial boiling point / °C 194 370 Final boiling point / °C 423 530 Colorimetry (National Standard) 23 25 Saturated hydrocarbons / wt.% 77.44 78.93 Aromatics / wt.% 17.4 13.92 Asphalt 5.16 7.11

[0027] Table 3. Properties of Wax No. 352, Wax No. 62, and Wax No. 68

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] Examples 1-4

[0031] The specific embodiments and performance of this invention are shown in the table below:

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] The "Emulsion Explosive Composite Wax Special Material" series of products must meet the following quality requirements:

[0035]

[0036] The developed emulsion explosive composite wax material has a reasonable formula, a simple and easy-to-implement production process, and suitable process conditions, making it easy for industrial production. Based on a profit of 8,000 yuan per ton, it is estimated that 50,000 tons of the emulsion explosive composite wax material will be produced and sold annually, resulting in economic benefits of 200 million yuan.

[0037] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite wax, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials by mass percentage: less than 65% of the products from the petroleum refining process, less than 30% of the vacuum wax residue, and less than 70% of the paraffin wax.

2. The composite wax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The products of petroleum refining are vacuum distillate oil or heavy deasphalted oil, or a mixture of both.

3. The composite wax according to claim 2, characterized in that, Vacuum distillate oil is one or more of the following: vacuum distillate oils, vacuum distillate oils of type 3, type 4, type 5, and type 6.

4. The composite wax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned pressure-reducing wax is one or more of the following: a three-line pressure-reducing wax or a four-line pressure-reducing wax.

5. The composite wax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paraffin wax is one or more of 52# petroleum wax, 62# petroleum wax and 68# petroleum wax.

6. A method for preparing a composite wax, characterized in that, First, heat the vacuum distillate oil and add it to the blending kettle. Heat the material until it is basically melted at a temperature greater than 60°C. Then, add other components in sequence and start stirring. After the material temperature rises to 70-80°C and all the raw materials have melted, reduce the heating load. The temperature is maintained between 80-100°C throughout the process. Continue stirring and open the discharge valve. After the product passes through the filter funnel, it is placed into a large barrel.

7. The method for preparing the composite wax according to claim 6, characterized in that, The stirring time is 0.5-1 hour for both the temperature range of 70-80℃ and 80-100℃.

8. The method for preparing the composite wax according to claim 6, characterized in that, After all materials are added, continuous stirring and heating are carried out, and the electric heat tracing system of the discharge pipeline is turned on during stirring.

9. An application of a composite wax, characterized in that, As a special material for composite wax in emulsion explosives.

10. The application of the composite wax according to claim 9, characterized in that, The amount of composite wax used in emulsion explosives is less than 30% by weight.

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