Load-bearing type deformation joint and construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a load-bearing expansion joint and its construction method, comprising a base and a panel: the base consists of two symmetrically arranged L-shaped aluminum alloy pieces, which are respectively installed on the structural base on both sides of the expansion joint; the base is equipped with anchor bolts, sliding rods, and temporary fixing bolts; the anchor bolts are used to securely connect the panel to the base; the sliding rods are used to limit the horizontal displacement direction of the panel and reserve deformation sliding allowance; the temporary fixing bolts are used for pre-positioning of the base during the construction phase; the panel is made of aluminum alloy with bolt holes on its surface, the bolt hole positions corresponding one-to-one with the anchor bolt positions on the base; after the panel and base are assembled, an expansion joint adjustment gap is reserved along the extension direction of the expansion joint; after construction, the cover plate is flush with the structural surface, the overall flatness of the floor slab is consistent, and the load-bearing capacity is high, making it less prone to deformation, thus meeting the needs of production and daily use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a load-bearing expansion joint and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Expansion joints are indispensable functional structures in building systems. They are pre-installed structural gaps in sensitive parts of the structure to cope with displacement deformation caused by external loads such as temperature changes, uneven settlement, and seismic action. Based on their function, expansion joints can be divided into three categories: expansion joints, settlement joints, and seismic joints. Expansion joints are used to address structural expansion and contraction deformation caused by temperature stress, and are typically 20-30m long and 20-30mm wide. Settlement joints are used to address vertical settlement differences caused by load variations in different areas of the building and uneven foundation bearing capacity; they must be completely separated from the foundation to the roof, and their width can be set to 50-120mm depending on the building height. Seismic joints are used to prevent collision damage between adjacent structures during earthquakes, and their width is typically set to 70-200mm depending on the building's seismic resistance level and height.

[0003] As modern buildings become more complex and larger, the application scenarios of expansion joints are constantly expanding, and their performance requirements are becoming increasingly differentiated: expansion joints for roofs and indoor floors of civil buildings focus on waterproofing, aesthetics, and daily traffic safety; expansion joints for municipal bridges and tunnels focus on structural adaptability and weather resistance; while expansion joints in areas such as airport runways, urban main roads, heavy-duty logistics park passages, and underground garage entrances and exits, in addition to the above basic requirements, also need to withstand high-frequency heavy vehicle crushing and impact loads, and at the same time cope with complex service environments such as temperature cycle changes, rainwater erosion, and de-icing agent corrosion, which puts forward extremely high requirements for the load-bearing capacity, structural stability, and durability of expansion joints; Meanwhile, with the acceleration of industrialization, the construction of large-scale metallurgical and industrial plants is increasing day by day. Due to the very large area of ​​the plants, such as metallurgical steel rolling tower platforms or modular plant floors, expansion joints are inevitably required to ensure structural safety, applicability, and durability. After the traditional expansion joint construction is completed, there will be height differences in the structural surface, poor load-bearing capacity, and small vehicles and personnel walking back and forth will easily cause displacement and deformation, which will greatly affect the daily use function. Therefore, we propose a load-bearing expansion joint and construction method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this solution provides a load-bearing expansion joint cover plate and a corresponding construction method. Through a standardized base and panel structure, it enhances the load-bearing capacity and installation accuracy of the expansion joint, while simplifying the construction process and ensuring long-term stability. The core design concept of this solution is "rigid anchoring + flexible deformation + standardized adaptation." It ensures load-bearing capacity through a rigid connection between the base and the structure, accommodates deformation requirements through a sliding rod guide structure and pre-reserved expansion joint gaps, and improves construction and maintenance efficiency through standardized design of all parameters.

[0005] This application provides a load-bearing expansion joint cover plate, including a base and a panel: The base is composed of two symmetrically arranged L-shaped aluminum alloys, which are respectively installed on the structural base on both sides of the expansion joint. Anchor bolts, sliding rods and temporary fixing bolts are provided on the base. The anchor bolts are used to fasten the panel to the base; the slide bar is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the panel and allow for deformation and sliding allowance. The temporary fixing bolts are used for pre-positioning of the base during the construction phase; The panel is made of aluminum alloy and has bolt holes on its surface. The positions of the bolt holes correspond one-to-one with the positions of the anchor bolts on the base. After the panel and the base are assembled, an expansion joint is reserved along the extension direction of the expansion joint. The gap is filled with weather-resistant silicone sealant and polyethylene backing rod, and the surface of the sealant is flush with the surface of the panel.

[0006] Furthermore, the anchor bolts are M6 stainless steel bolts with a spacing of 600mm and corresponding to the bolt hole positions on the panel.

[0007] Furthermore, the slide bar is made of M6 stainless steel bolts with a spacing of 600mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the temporary fixing bolts are M6 bolts with a spacing of 600mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the width of the telescopic adjustment gap is 1cm-1.5cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical edge of the L-shaped aluminum alloy is fitted to the side wall of the expansion joint, and the horizontal edge is fitted to the top surface of the structural base. The surface of the horizontal edge is provided with mounting holes corresponding to anchor bolts, sliding rods, and temporary fixing bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, the bolt holes of the panel are countersunk holes, and after the anchor bolts are tightened, the nuts are completely embedded inside the countersunk holes, and there are no protrusions on the panel surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the spacing parameters of the anchor bolts, sliding rods, and temporary fixing bolts are adjusted within the range of 300mm-900mm according to actual construction needs, and the thickness of the L-shaped aluminum alloy is adjusted within the range of 5mm-10mm according to load-bearing requirements.

[0013] A method for constructing a load-bearing expansion joint cover plate includes the following steps: S1. Joint cutting treatment: Cut the structural layer 120mm from the edge of the expansion joint to both sides, with a cutting depth of 80mm. Avoid the original structural steel bars during the cutting process. Remove the concrete within the cutting range until the steel bar section is exposed. Clean the floating dust and debris on the surface of the structural base layer on both sides of the expansion joint. Apply cement-based interface agent and let it dry. S2. Cover plate installation: The base and panel are pre-assembled and the hole positions are checked in the factory. After the installation is completed, the pre-embedded cover plate expansion joint is hoisted into place using an installation auxiliary bracket. A 10mm expansion gap is reserved at the joint end of each expansion joint. The centering and leveling are carried out using a level, string line and level gauge. A horizontal point is checked every 2m on the straight section and the check points are increased at the corner positions to ensure that the straightness deviation of the cover plate is not greater than 2mm / m and the horizontal deviation is not greater than 1mm / m. S3. Base fixing: Spot weld the horizontal edge of the L-shaped aluminum alloy support angle steel at the bottom of the expansion joint to the exposed plate reinforcement. After verifying that the position is not deviated, fully weld it firmly and apply rust prevention treatment to the welded parts. S4. Grouting construction: Use expanding foam to seal all joint gaps to prevent grout leakage, and inject non-shrink grout with a strength grade of not less than C40. Vibrate and compact in layers, and make the top surface of the grout flush with the top surface of the horizontal edge of the base. Cure until the strength reaches more than 70% of the design value. S5. Temporary component removal: After the grouting material on both sides is poured, immediately remove the temporary fixing bolts on the expansion joint, leaving the nuts embedded in the structure; S6. Sealing: Clean the expansion joint between the panel and the base, and remove debris from the temporary fixing bolt holes. Inject weather-resistant silicone sealant into the above-mentioned gaps, smooth the surface to ensure that the sealant layer is tightly bonded to the structure on both sides, and seal the gaps to prevent debris and moisture from entering.

[0014] Furthermore, no load should be applied to the surface of the cover plate during the curing period of the grouting material. The area can only be officially opened to traffic after the strength reaches 100% of the design value.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. The base of this invention adopts an L-shaped aluminum alloy design embedded in the structural layer. Rigid anchoring is achieved by welding with structural steel bars and filling with non-shrink grout. The ultimate bearing capacity of the overall structure is improved. At the same time, the reinforcing rib structure at the bottom of the panel and the uniform force transmission path can effectively disperse the impact load of heavy vehicles, avoid problems such as panel deformation and bolt loosening, and significantly reduce the later maintenance cost. 2. This invention uses processes such as factory pre-assembly, temporary fixing bolt pre-positioning, and three-line leveling to control the installation accuracy deviation within 1mm, avoiding problems such as hole misalignment and panel misalignment. The sliding rod guide structure and the reserved design of the expansion and contraction adjustment gap can adapt to ±15mm of horizontal deformation and ±5mm of vertical settlement deformation, meeting the deformation requirements of various building structures and preventing problems such as panel jamming and arching. 3. This invention employs a dual-sealing system of weather-resistant silicone sealant and polyethylene backing rod. The sealant adapts to the expansion and contraction of the gaps, ensuring it will not peel off or crack over long-term use. All metal components are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and welded areas are treated with rust prevention, effectively resisting corrosion from rainwater and de-icing agents, significantly improving structural durability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the panel in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the expansion joint cover plate in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating step one of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating step two of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step three of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step four of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of step five of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of step six of this application.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-base; 2-panel; 21-bolt hole; 3-temporary fixing bolt; 4-slide rod; 5-anchor bolt; 6-sealing adhesive; 7-expansion joint adjustment gap. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This application discloses a load-bearing expansion joint and its construction method. The technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] To better understand the above technical solution, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the above technical solution in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0020] Reference Figures 1-8 Example 1 1. Base 1 Structural Design: Base 1 uses two symmetrically arranged L-shaped aluminum alloy pieces as the main support. The material is 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, which combines high strength with good corrosion resistance. Its yield strength can reach over 240MPa, far exceeding the 110MPa of ordinary aluminum alloys, meeting the stress requirements of heavy-duty scenarios. The vertical edges of the L-shaped aluminum alloy pieces are set to fit against the sidewall of the expansion joint, and the horizontal edges are set to fit against the top surface of the structural base, forming an L-shaped support section. This increases the contact area with the structure, dispersing load stress, and also serves as a side template for grouting construction, improving construction convenience.

[0021] The thickness of the L-shaped aluminum alloy can be adjusted between 5mm and 10mm depending on the load-bearing requirements: 5mm thickness is sufficient for conventional civil building floors and light traffic areas; 8mm thickness can be used for heavy-duty logistics parks and underground garage entrances; and 10mm thickness can be used for extreme heavy-duty areas such as airport runways and freight railway platforms, with an ultimate load-bearing capacity of over 100t. The horizontal edge surface has mounting holes corresponding to anchor bolts 5, sliding rods 4, and temporary fixing bolts 3. These holes are CNC stamped, with a precision deviation controlled within ±0.5mm to ensure the assembly compatibility of all components.

[0022] 2. Connection System Design: Three types of functional bolts are provided on the base 1, each undertaking a different structural function, forming a three-level connection system of "positioning-guiding-fastening": Temporary fixing bolt 3: M6 ordinary bolts are used, with a standard spacing of 600mm. The spacing can be adjusted between 300mm and 900mm according to construction needs. They are mainly used for pre-positioning of the base 1 during the construction phase. During the hoisting and leveling process, the temporary fixing bolt 3 can temporarily assemble the two L-shaped aluminum alloy pieces and the panel 2 into a whole, preventing the base 1 from shifting during hoisting. After the grouting is completed, the bolts are removed, and the nuts are left embedded in the grouting layer. These nuts can be used as fixing points for maintenance and repair later without the need for re-drilling.

[0023] Slide rod 4: Made of M6 stainless steel bolts with a standard spacing of 600mm. The ends are blunted to reduce sliding friction resistance. Slide rod 4 passes through the elongated oval hole on the horizontal side of the base 1 and its end is connected to the fixing nut at the bottom of the panel 2. The length of the elongated oval hole is 15-20mm larger than the bolt diameter. This not only restricts the horizontal displacement of the panel 2 and prevents lateral displacement of the panel 2, but also allows sufficient sliding margin for the temperature expansion and contraction and settlement deformation of the structure, ensuring that the panel 2 remains flat during structural deformation without jamming or arching.

[0024] Anchor Bolt 5: Made of M6 stainless steel bolts with a standard spacing of 600mm, corresponding one-to-one with the countersunk holes on panel 2, used to securely connect panel 2 to base 1. The bolts are made of 304 or 316L stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance, preventing the bolts from rusting after long-term use and facilitating future maintenance and replacement.

[0025] 3. Panel 2 Structural Design: Panel 2 is integrally extruded from 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with an anodized surface. The oxide film thickness is not less than 10μm, improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The width of Panel 2 is set according to the width of the expansion joint, usually 100-150mm larger than the expansion joint width to ensure complete coverage of the expansion joint area. Countersunk bolt holes 21 are provided on the surface of Panel 2. After the anchor bolts 5 are tightened, the nuts are completely embedded in the countersunk holes. The surface of Panel 2 is free of protrusions, ensuring smooth passage and preventing vehicle bouncing and impact loads when vehicles run over it. A reinforcing rib structure is provided at the bottom of Panel 2 to increase structural rigidity without increasing the total thickness of Panel 2, reducing the deflection of Panel 2 under heavy loads. The maximum deflection is designed not to exceed 1mm to avoid stress concentration caused by deformation of Panel 2.

[0026] 4. Sealing System Design: After panel 2 and base 1 are assembled, a 1cm-1.5cm wide expansion joint adjustment gap is reserved along the extension direction of the expansion joint. The gap width is determined based on the annual temperature difference and expansion joint length of the project area: 1.5cm width is selected for areas with an annual temperature difference greater than 40℃ or expansion joint length exceeding 50m; 1cm width is sufficient for general areas. The gap is filled with weather-resistant silicone sealant and polyethylene backing rod 6. The sealant 6 has a displacement capacity of no less than ±25%, low-temperature flexibility down to -40℃, and high-temperature stability up to 90℃, adaptable to the climate of most parts of the country. The surface of the sealant 6 is flush with the surface of panel 2, ensuring aesthetics and preventing dust and water accumulation in the gap, while also buffering the impact of vehicle traffic and reducing noise.

[0027] Structural design of the telescopic adjustment gap 7: The telescopic adjustment gap 7 is a functional gap naturally formed after the assembly of the panel 2 and the base 1. Specifically, it is composed of the horizontal distance between the side of the panel and the top of the vertical side of the L-shaped aluminum alloy of the base. There is no need for additional cutting or on-site grooving. It is completely reserved through the matching design of the prefabricated dimensions of the components. The adjustment of the gap width is divided into two levels: the prefabrication stage and the installation stage. In the prefabrication stage, large-range adjustment can be achieved by adjusting the total width of the panel. When the designed width of the deformation joint changes, the covering width of the panel 2 beyond the deformation joint can be increased or decreased correspondingly, so that the gap width can be flexibly adjusted within the standard range of 1 cm - 1.5 cm. In the installation stage, the horizontal installation positions of the two L-shaped aluminum alloy bases 1 can be finely adjusted to achieve width calibration with an accuracy level of ±2 mm, adapting to the actual construction deviation of the on-site deformation joint. The final value of the gap width is directly bound to the designed deformation amount of the structure. Each 1 mm of gap width can adapt to approximately 1 mm of horizontal compression deformation and 0.5 mm of tensile deformation, and can be precisely customized according to the calculation results of the temperature stress and settlement difference of the project.

[0028] Working principle of the load-bearing deformation joint cover plate This load-bearing deformation joint cover plate meets the two core requirements of load-bearing and deformation through the structural design of "combining rigidity with flexibility": When bearing vertical loads, the panel 2 evenly transfers the loads to the two L-shaped aluminum alloy bases 1 on both sides. The base 1 disperses and transfers the loads to the lower structural base through the connection method of welding with the structural steel bars, avoiding local stress concentration. Non-shrink grout is filled in the gap between the lower part of the base 1 and the structural base, further ensuring the flatness and uniform stress of the base 1. The load-bearing capacity of the overall structure is more than 3 times that of the traditional adhesive cover plate.

[0029] When the structure undergoes horizontal deformation, the panel 2 can freely slide along the direction defined by the slide bar 4. The width of the telescopic adjustment gap changes correspondingly with the deformation amount. The elasticity of the sealant 6 can adapt to the expansion and contraction of the gap, and will not be torn off or fall off. When the structure undergoes minor vertical settlement deformation, the vertical side of the L-shaped aluminum alloy can move slightly along the side wall of the deformation joint, cooperating with the vertical movement allowance of the slide bar 4 to prevent the panel 2 from having a stepped joint.

[0030] Core process of the supporting construction method The construction method supporting this solution ensures the construction quality of the deformation joint through standardized process control. The core steps and technical parameters are as follows: 1. Joint Pre-treatment: Before construction, the structural layers on both sides of the expansion joint are pre-cut. A line is drawn 120mm from the edge of the expansion joint on each side, with a cutting depth of 80mm. During the cutting process, a rebar detector is used to pre-locate the original structural rebar positions to avoid damaging the rebar. After cutting, an electric hammer is used to remove the concrete surface layer and leveling layer within the cutting area until the structural rebar cross-section is exposed. Care is taken to avoid disturbing the surrounding intact structural layers during the removal process. Then, a wire brush and high-pressure water gun are used to clean the surface of the structural base layer on both sides of the expansion joint, removing loose dust, debris, and oil stains to ensure the base surface is firm and free of loose particles. After the base surface is dry, a cement-based interface agent is evenly applied, with the application rate controlled at 0.3-0.5 kg / m². The area is allowed to dry until it is no longer sticky to the touch before proceeding to the next step. The core function of the joint pre-treatment is to provide sufficient installation space for base 1, ensuring that base 1 is embedded inside the structural layer rather than floating on the surface, fundamentally preventing the settlement and displacement of base 1 under heavy loads.

[0031] 2. Factory Pre-assembly and On-site Acceptance: All components must undergo pre-assembly verification before leaving the factory. Base 1 and panel 2 from the same batch will be paired and installed one by one to check hole matching, smooth sliding, and uniform gaps. Non-conforming products must have their holes adjusted or be reworked. Upon arrival at the site, components must be accompanied by a factory certificate of conformity and a material testing report. On-site spot checks of component dimensional deviations will be conducted: the side length deviation of L-shaped aluminum alloy components should not exceed ±1mm, the hole deviation should not exceed ±0.5mm, and the flatness deviation of panel 2 should not exceed 0.5mm / m. Components can only be used after passing inspection.

[0032] 3. Hoisting and Leveling: Upon arrival at the site, a dedicated installation auxiliary support is used to hoist the pre-assembled cover plate into place. The installation auxiliary support adopts a gantry frame structure, which allows for the lifting and lateral fine-tuning of the cover plate, avoiding deformation caused by manual handling. The length of each expansion joint is typically 2-3m, with a 10mm expansion gap reserved at the joint end to accommodate the temperature deformation of panel 2 itself. The leveling process adopts the "three-line verification method": a straight line is stretched along the extension direction of the expansion joint to control the straightness, and a horizontal line is stretched laterally to control the elevation on both sides. A level gauge with an accuracy of 0.5mm / m is used to verify the levelness section by section. A level point is checked every 2m on straight sections, and verification points are increased at special locations such as corners and the beginning and end of expansion joints to ensure that the straightness deviation of the cover plate is no more than 2mm / m, the levelness deviation is no more than 1mm / m, and the misalignment deviation between adjacent panels 2 is no more than 0.5mm. After leveling, the auxiliary support is temporarily fixed to prevent the cover plate from shifting during subsequent construction.

[0033] Furthermore, in this application, the three-line leveling method is to determine a plane by three points: using three non-collinear support points (or measurement points) of a rigid body to establish a reference plane, and adjusting the height of these three points to make the measured surface parallel to the reference plane (such as an optical plate).

[0034] Verification and adjustment combined: Measure the height difference at three points using indicators (such as dial gauges or electronic levels), and adjust the support feet according to the readings until the three points are at the same height, thus achieving leveling. 4. Base 1 Welding and Fixing: The horizontal edge of the L-shaped aluminum alloy base 1 is spot-welded to the pre-exposed structural steel bars. Each horizontal edge of base 1 has at least three spot-welding points, with each spot weld being at least 20mm long. After spot welding, the position and accuracy of the cover plate are checked again. Once confirmed to be without deviation, full welding is performed using argon arc welding. The weld height is at least 3mm, and the weld is continuous, full, and free of defects such as porosity, slag inclusions, or incomplete welds. After welding, the weld slag on the weld surface is cleaned, and two coats of epoxy zinc-rich anti-rust paint are applied. The dry film thickness of the anti-rust paint is at least 80μm to prevent corrosion of the welded area.

[0035] 5. Grouting Construction: Before grouting, use expanding foam to seal all gaps around the base 1 and at the splicing ends, with a sealing depth of not less than 20mm, to prevent grout leakage during the grouting process. Use non-shrink grout with a strength grade of not less than C40, a flowability of not less than 270mm, and a vertical expansion rate of 0.02%-0.05%, ensuring dense grouting without shrinkage cracks. Grouting is performed continuously from one side using specialized grouting equipment until uniform grout overflows from the other side. During grouting, use a small vibrator to compact the grout in layers, with a vibration interval of not more than 300mm, to avoid honeycomb and voids. The top surface of the grout should be flush with the top surface of the horizontal edge of base 1, and the surface should be smoothed and finished. After grouting, cover with geotextile and water for curing within 12 hours. The curing time should not be less than 7 days. During the curing period, no load should be applied to the surface of the cover plate. The next process can only proceed after the strength reaches at least 70% of the design value.

[0036] 6. Temporary Component Removal: After the grouting on both sides is completed and reaches the required strength, immediately remove the temporary fixing bolts 3 on the expansion joint. Take care to avoid damaging the surrounding grouting layer and panel 2 during removal. Clean the holes left after removing the temporary bolts and fill them with sealant as part of the joint sealing process. Retain the nuts, pre-embedded in the grouting layer. During later maintenance and repair, the nuts can be directly screwed into the bolts for fixation, eliminating the need to drill new holes in the structure and significantly reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0037] Joint sealing: Before sealing, clean the expansion joint between panel 2 and base 1, and remove debris and dust from the holes 21 of the temporary fixing bolts 3. Insert polyethylene foam rods with a diameter 20% larger than the joint width into the joint as backing material. Control the thickness of the sealant 6 to 3-5mm to avoid cracking caused by excessive thickness. Use a dedicated caulking gun to inject weather-resistant silicone sealant 6 into the joint, ensuring continuous and even injection to completely fill the joint without air bubbles or voids. After injection, use a dedicated scraper to smooth the surface, ensuring a tight bond between the sealant and the structures on both sides, resulting in a smooth, flush surface with panel 2. Allow 24 hours for curing after completion, until the sealant 6 is fully cured, before opening the area to traffic.

[0038] When implementing this load-bearing expansion joint cover, the parameters and construction process of each component need to be determined according to the actual needs of the project. The specific implementation points are as follows: 1. Key control points for construction: Cutting operations: Before cutting, a rebar detector must be used to locate the position of the existing structural rebar. If rebar is encountered during the cutting process, the cutting position can be adjusted appropriately, but cutting the main structural rebar is strictly prohibited. When chiseling away concrete, a low-power electric hammer should be used to avoid excessive disturbance to the surrounding structural layers. If loose or hollow areas are found in the base layer, they must be completely removed and repaired and leveled with epoxy resin mortar.

[0039] Substrate preparation: The substrate must be thoroughly cleaned, and oil stains and dust must be completely removed. The interface agent must be applied evenly without any omissions. The next step of construction can only be carried out after the interface agent is completely dry to avoid poor adhesion between the grouting layer and the substrate.

[0040] Lifting and Leveling: Single-point lifting is strictly prohibited during lifting; two-point or four-point lifting must be used to avoid deformation of panel 2. During leveling, the position of panel 2 must not be adjusted by prying; it should be adjusted through the fine-tuning mechanism of the auxiliary support to avoid damaging the connection between base 1 and panel 2.

[0041] Welding Operation: During welding, a fireproof cloth must be covered on the surface of panel 2 to prevent welding sparks from damaging the anodized layer on the surface of panel 2. After welding, strict rust prevention treatment must be performed. Rust-preventive paint should be applied twice to completely cover the weld and the surrounding heat-affected zone.

[0042] Grouting operation: The grout must be mixed with water strictly according to the product instructions. The mixing time should not be less than 2 minutes. Let it stand for 2 minutes to release the air before use. The grouting process must be continuous. If it is interrupted for more than 20 minutes, the grout that has been poured must be removed and re-poured to avoid construction joints.

[0043] Maintenance and control: During the curing period of the grout, warning fences must be set up around it to strictly prohibit any personnel or vehicles from passing through. If the curing temperature is lower than 5℃, insulation cotton should be used for curing, and heating measures should be taken if necessary to prevent the grout from freezing.

[0044] Sealing operation: The application of sealant 6 must be carried out in an ambient temperature of 5℃-35℃. It is strictly forbidden to apply the sealant in rainy or snowy weather. Before applying the sealant, ensure that the inside of the gap is completely dry. If the gap is damp, use a hot air blower to dry it before applying the sealant to avoid poor adhesion of the sealant layer.

[0045] 2. Key points for acceptance and maintenance: After construction is completed, each section must be inspected: visually, the surface should be flat, without protrusions or misalignments, and the sealant should be smooth, without bubbles or cracks; use a feeler gauge to check that the gap width deviation is no greater than ±1mm, and use a level to check that the levelness deviation is no greater than 1mm / m; use a small hammer to check the density of the grout layer, and there should be no hollow sound.

[0046] Routine maintenance should be performed at least once a year: check for cracks or peeling of the sealant 6, and repair it promptly if necessary; check for looseness of the anchor bolts 5, and tighten them promptly if necessary; clean debris from the gaps to avoid affecting the sliding of the panel 2.

[0047] When replacing components, simply unscrew anchor bolt 5 and replace the corresponding panel 2 or sealing material; no damage to the original structure is required, making maintenance convenient. All components must be pre-assembled and verified before arrival on site to ensure hole positions and dimensions match, avoiding misalignment issues during on-site installation. Acceptance records must be kept for each stage of construction to ensure traceability of construction quality.

[0048] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present application, based on the technical solution and concept of the present application, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate, characterized in that, Including base and panel: The base is composed of two symmetrically arranged L-shaped aluminum alloys, which are respectively installed on the structural base on both sides of the expansion joint. Anchor bolts, sliding rods and temporary fixing bolts are provided on the base. The anchor bolts are used to fasten the panel to the base; the slide bar is used to limit the horizontal displacement of the panel and allow for deformation and sliding allowance. The temporary fixing bolts are used for pre-positioning of the base during the construction phase; The panel is made of aluminum alloy and has bolt holes on its surface. The positions of the bolt holes correspond one-to-one with the positions of the anchor bolts on the base. After the panel and the base are assembled, an expansion joint is reserved along the extension direction of the expansion joint. The gap is filled with weather-resistant silicone sealant and polyethylene backing rod, and the surface of the sealant is flush with the surface of the panel.

2. The load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor bolts are M6 stainless steel bolts, spaced 600mm apart and corresponding to the bolt hole positions on the panel.

3. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide bar is made of M6 stainless steel bolts with a spacing of 600mm.

4. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temporary fixing bolts are M6 bolts with a spacing of 600mm.

5. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the expansion joint is 1cm-1.5cm.

6. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical edge of the L-shaped aluminum alloy is fitted to the side wall of the expansion joint, and the horizontal edge is fitted to the top surface of the structural base. The surface of the horizontal edge is provided with mounting holes corresponding to anchor bolts, sliding rods, and temporary fixing bolts.

7. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bolt holes on the panel are countersunk holes. After the anchor bolts are tightened, the nuts are completely embedded inside the countersunk holes, and there are no protrusions on the panel surface.

8. A load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing parameters of the anchor bolts, sliding rods, and temporary fixing bolts are adjusted within the range of 300mm-900mm according to actual construction needs, and the thickness of the L-shaped aluminum alloy is adjusted within the range of 5mm-10mm according to load-bearing requirements.

9. A method for constructing a load-bearing expansion joint cover plate, characterized in that, The use of the load-bearing expansion joint cover plate according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: S1. Joint cutting treatment: Cut the structural layer 120mm from the edge of the expansion joint to both sides, with a cutting depth of 80mm. Avoid the original structural steel bars during the cutting process. Remove the concrete within the cutting range until the steel bar section is exposed. Clean the floating dust and debris on the surface of the structural base layer on both sides of the expansion joint. Apply cement-based interface agent and let it dry. S2. Cover plate installation: The base and panel are pre-assembled and the hole positions are checked in the factory. After the installation is completed, the pre-embedded cover plate expansion joint is hoisted into place using an installation auxiliary bracket. A 10mm expansion gap is reserved at the joint end of each expansion joint. The centering and leveling are carried out using a level, string line and level gauge. A horizontal point is checked every 2m on the straight section and the check points are increased at the corner positions to ensure that the straightness deviation of the cover plate is not greater than 2mm / m and the horizontal deviation is not greater than 1mm / m. S3. Base fixing: Spot weld the horizontal edge of the L-shaped aluminum alloy support angle steel at the bottom of the expansion joint to the exposed plate reinforcement. After verifying that the position is not deviated, fully weld it firmly and apply rust prevention treatment to the welded parts. S4. Grouting construction: Use expanding foam to seal all joint gaps to prevent grout leakage, and inject non-shrink grout with a strength grade of not less than C40. Vibrate and compact in layers, and make the top surface of the grout flush with the top surface of the horizontal edge of the base. Cure until the strength reaches more than 70% of the design value. S5. Temporary component removal: After the grouting material on both sides is poured, immediately remove the temporary fixing bolts on the expansion joint, leaving the nuts embedded in the structure; S6. Sealing: Clean the expansion joint between the panel and the base, and remove debris from the temporary fixing bolt holes. Inject weather-resistant silicone sealant into the above-mentioned gaps, smooth the surface to ensure that the sealant layer is tightly bonded to the structure on both sides, and seal the gaps to prevent debris and moisture from entering.

10. A method for constructing load-bearing expansion joints according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the curing period of the grout, no load should be applied to the surface of the cover plate. It can only be officially opened to traffic after the strength reaches 100% of the design value.

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