First arrival picking method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

This disclosure provides a first arrival acquisition method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product. The method involves acquiring the initial first arrival of current shot gather data; for any seismic signal from the current shot gather data, determining candidate first arrivals based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameter using a window energy ratio mechanism; and determining the target first arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate first arrivals. In summary, the technical solution provided by this disclosure avoids the need for tedious manual operations and subjective judgment, thus preventing the introduction of human error. Furthermore, it does not require the large amount of high-quality practical sample training data and comprehensive, complex model construction that automated systems rely on, reducing the demands on data and computing resources. It has broad adaptability, can flexibly adapt to different geological conditions, and obtains relatively accurate first arrival results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic exploration, and more particularly to a first arrival picking method, apparatus, electronic equipment, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, earthquake data acquisition at the initial arrival stage is typically done manually or through automated systems. However, manual acquisition is labor-intensive and prone to introducing human error, making it unsuitable for large-scale data processing. Automated acquisition, on the other hand, requires a large amount of practical sample training data, and the training data quality requirements are high, resulting in high model complexity, making it difficult to implement. In certain special cases (such as extremely low signal-to-noise ratios), its adaptability is poor, and the results are inaccurate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a first-arrival pickup method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a first arrival picking method is provided, the method comprising: obtaining the initial first arrival of current shot gather data; for any seismic signal of the current shot gather data, determining candidate first arrivals based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameter using a window energy ratio mechanism; and determining the target first arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate first arrival.

[0005] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, the energy ratio parameters include: half-window length, search range, stability factor, and compensation data; the search range includes: the first half-window of the search range and the second half-window of the search range.

[0006] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, obtaining the initial arrival of the current gun gathering data includes: obtaining the initial arrival based on at least one of historical gun gathering data and predicted data.

[0007] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, for any seismic signal of current shot gather data, a ratio mechanism is used to determine candidate first arrivals based on initial first arrivals and energy ratio parameters, including: determining the positional relationship of the initial first arrivals within the search range; determining whether data compensation is needed based on the positional relationship and half-window length; when data compensation is needed, determining a first ratio of the energy of the first half-window to the energy of the second half-window based on the stability factor and compensation data; when the first ratio satisfies a first threshold, determining the first arrival corresponding to the center of the search range as a candidate first arrival.

[0008] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, the method further includes: when no data compensation is required, determining a second ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window based on a stability factor; when the second ratio satisfies a second threshold, determining the first arrival corresponding to the center of the search range as a candidate first arrival.

[0009] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, the positional relationships include: the initial arrival being located before the first half of the search range window; the initial arrival being located within the search range; and the initial arrival being located after the second half of the search range window.

[0010] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, when the positional relationship is that the initial arrival is before the first half window of the search range, based on the positional relationship and the half window length, it is determined whether data compensation is needed, including: when the current half window boundary does not exceed the half window length, it is determined that data compensation is needed; when the current half window boundary exceeds the half window length, it is determined that the first half window does not need data compensation.

[0011] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, when the positional relationship is that the initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range, based on the positional relationship and the length of the second half of the window, it is determined whether data compensation is required, including: when the boundary of the second half of the window does not exceed the length of the second half of the window, it is determined that data compensation is required; when the boundary of the second half of the window exceeds the length of the second half of the window, it is determined that the second half of the window does not require data compensation.

[0012] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method of this disclosure, determining the target initial arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival includes: determining the minimum value of each first moment to obtain the target initial arrival.

[0013] Furthermore, according to one aspect of the method disclosed, the method further includes: determining a second time corresponding to the current shot gather data; when the second time is greater than a third threshold, determining the current shot gather data corresponding to it as a set of shot gather data; the third threshold is the third time corresponding to the initial arrival of the target.

[0014] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a first arrival picking device is provided, the device comprising: an acquisition unit for acquiring the initial first arrival of current shot gather data; a first determination unit for determining a candidate first arrival based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameter using a ratio mechanism for any seismic signal of the current shot gather data; and a second determination unit for determining a target first arrival based on a first moment corresponding to the candidate first arrival.

[0015] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a memory for storing computer-readable instructions; and a processor for executing the computer-readable instructions, causing the electronic device to perform a method as described in any embodiment of one aspect.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method as described in any embodiment of one aspect.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any embodiment of one aspect.

[0018] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product for first arrival picking. This disclosure obtains the initial first arrival of the current shot gather data; for any seismic signal from the current shot gather data, based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameter, a window energy ratio mechanism is used to determine candidate first arrivals; based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate first arrivals, the target first arrival is determined. In this process, the initial first arrival is a roughly calculated starting reference, which can be determined by manual assessment or historical data, and then used to determine a reasonable energy ratio calculation window range. The ratio is calculated in the area where the first arrival is most likely to occur, avoiding aimless, fully automated picking and searching of the entire shot gather data, thus improving computational efficiency and accuracy. In summary, the method of this disclosure avoids reliance on tedious manual operations and subjective judgment, preventing the introduction of human error, and does not require the large amount of high-quality practical sample training data and comprehensive complex model construction required by automated systems, reducing the requirements for data and computational resources. It has broad adaptability, can flexibly adapt to different geological conditions, and obtains relatively accurate first arrival results.

[0019] It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the claimed technology. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components or steps.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an initial arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 A complete schematic diagram of the initial pickup process provided for embodiments of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 3 A rough first arrival time diagram provided for embodiments of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a rough initial arrival corresponding to a path provided for an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 5Enlarged view of the minimum initial arrival provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 A structural block diagram of a first-arrival pickup device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 7 A hardware block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0030] Currently, earthquake data acquisition at the initial arrival stage is typically done manually or through automated systems. However, manual acquisition is labor-intensive and prone to introducing human error, making it unsuitable for large-scale data processing. Automated acquisition, on the other hand, requires a large amount of practical sample training data, and the training data quality requirements are high, resulting in high model complexity, making it difficult to implement. In certain special cases (such as extremely low signal-to-noise ratios), its adaptability is poor, and the results are inaccurate.

[0031] Therefore, this disclosure provides a first arrival picking method that can determine the target's first arrival based on the initial first arrival using a window energy ratio mechanism. In this process, the initial first arrival is a roughly calculated starting reference, which can be determined by manual assessment or historical data. This reference is then used to determine a reasonable energy ratio calculation window range within the region where the first arrival is most likely to occur. This avoids aimless, fully automated system picking and searching of the entire shot gather data, improving computational efficiency and accuracy. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an initial arrival picking method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0032] In step S101, the initial arrival of the current shot collection data is obtained.

[0033] In this disclosure, the current shot gather data can be a dataset containing multiple seismic signal records obtained after seismic data is acquired through seismic exploration instruments, etc., and then undergoes preliminary formatting and / or simple preprocessing. The current shot gather data may include: specific shot gather data to be segmented (which can be denoted as data_sgy), and the total number of traces (which can be denoted as n). TraceTotal number of sampling points (which can be denoted as n) samples ).

[0034] In this disclosure, the first arrival is the earliest time point at which the seismic waves arrive at each receiving point. The initial first arrival (which can be denoted as n) Min The initial arrival is a rough estimate, which can be determined by at least one method, such as historical experience or manual prediction, as detailed in the following examples. Using this initial arrival provides a general time range reference for further precise determination of the true arrival time, narrowing the interval for subsequent fine-tuning and thus improving overall processing efficiency while ensuring accuracy.

[0035] Specifically, the average first arrival time recorded during previous seismic explorations in areas with similar geological conditions can be used as a basic reference value to determine the initial first arrival of the current shot gathering data. Alternatively, the initial first arrival of the current shot gathering data can be roughly predicted using expert assessment; there are no specific restrictions.

[0036] In step S102, for any seismic signal from the current shot gather, a candidate first arrival is determined using a window energy ratio mechanism based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters.

[0037] In this disclosure, the energy ratio parameter can be a representative energy ratio characteristic parameter set considering the propagation characteristics of seismic waves, as will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0038] In this disclosure, the window energy ratio mechanism can be based on the energy ratio parameter and the window range and rules determined by the initial arrival, and then use the energy ratio of the front window to the energy of the back window to obtain a more accurate set of candidate arrivals within a reasonable energy ratio range near the initial arrival.

[0039] Specifically, for any seismic signal, appropriate front and back window sizes can be set based on the energy ratio parameter; then the positional relationship between the initial arrival and the first arrival can be determined within the window, the energy ratio between the front and back windows can be calculated using the positional relationship, and candidate first arrivals that meet the conditions can be selected within a reasonable range.

[0040] In step S103, the initial arrival of the target is determined based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival.

[0041] In this disclosure, the first moment corresponding to each candidate first arrival of the current gun set data can be determined, and then compared with each other to determine the candidate first arrival corresponding to the smallest first moment as the target first arrival.

[0042] In summary, the method disclosed herein avoids the introduction of human error by not relying entirely on tedious manual operations and subjective judgments. It also does not require a large amount of high-quality practical sample training data and comprehensive and complex model construction like automated systems, thus reducing the requirements for data and computing resources. It has broad adaptability, can flexibly cope with different geological conditions, and obtain relatively accurate preliminary results.

[0043] The specific details of the energy ratio parameters disclosed herein will be explained below:

[0044] Energy ratio parameters include: half-window length, search range, stability factor, and compensation data;

[0045] The search range includes: the first half of the search range window and the second half of the search range window.

[0046] Specifically, the half-window length (which can be denoted as win) can be the number of sampling points or the corresponding time length corresponding to that half-window. The search range can be limited to the effective time interval when calculating the energy ratio of the window and screening candidates. The search range can be determined by the first half-window of the search range (which can be denoted as n). Before ) and the second half window of the search range (which can be denoted as n) After It consists of two parts. The stability factor (denoted as staB) is mainly used to measure the stability of the window energy ratio calculated during window movement and can be used as a reference factor. The compensation data can be understood as the specific correction value or correction rule when the energy ratio deviates from the normal range and changes unexpectedly. The compensation data disclosed in this paper can be a random sequence (denoted as padEdge) generated based on the stability factor (denoted as staB).

[0047] The stabilization factor (denoted as staB) can be the absolute value of a randomly selected pure background noise value (denoted as x_Noise). For example, the stabilization factor (denoted as staB) can satisfy the following formula:

[0048] staB = abs(x_Noise)

[0049] Where x_Noise is the pure background noise value, and abs is the absolute value.

[0050] The random sequence used as compensation data (denoted as padEdge) can be understood as a random sequence of half-window length (denoted as win) obtained within the interval of the absolute value of the pure background noise (denoted as x_Noise). The interval range can be denoted as (-|x_Noise|,|x_Noise|).

[0051] The following will explain in detail how to obtain the initial arrival and arrival of the current gun collection data, including:

[0052] The initial arrival is obtained based on at least one of historical shooting data and predicted data.

[0053] In one embodiment of this disclosure, historical shot gather data collected in areas with similar geological conditions to the current exploration area can be collected. Then, based on the current shot gather data for the current exploration area, the historical geological structure category shot gather data that best matches it is found. The average first arrival time of the first arrival time statistics of each receiving point corresponding to this category is used as the initial first arrival time.

[0054] In another embodiment of this disclosure, predictions can be made by geological experts based on their expertise and extensive practical experience. Numerical simulation prediction methods can also be used to obtain initial arrivals, and these methods may include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc., without specific limitations.

[0055] The following section will elaborate on how to use the initial arrival and energy ratio parameters to obtain candidate first arrivals using the window energy ratio mechanism. The methods include:

[0056] Determine the initial positional relationship within the search range;

[0057] Based on the positional relationship and half-window length, determine whether data compensation is needed;

[0058] When data compensation is required, the first ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window is determined based on the stability factor and the compensation data.

[0059] When the first ratio satisfies the first threshold, the candidate initial arrival will be determined by finding the initial arrival corresponding to the center of the range.

[0060] In this disclosure, the positional relationship can be an initial arrival or departure within the searched range, and can be one of three types: before, within the range, or after. Specific positional relationships will be described later in conjunction with embodiments.

[0061] In this disclosure, the positional relationship can first be determined by comparing with the first and second half-windows of the search area. Then, for three different positional relationships and half-window lengths, the boundary of the first or second half-window of the search area is considered to determine whether data compensation is needed. For example, if the initial arrival occurs before the first half-window of the search area, and the boundary of the second half-window is greater than the half-window length, this proves that the initial arrival occurs earlier than the earliest possible arrival time within the search area, resulting in missing data within the search area requiring compensation. However, if the boundary length of the second half-window of the search area is sufficient for sampling at the current half-window length, the data is complete and compensation is not needed. More specific details will be provided later with reference to embodiments. When data compensation is required, compensation data can be used to compensate for the first or second half-window. Then, the energy of the first and second half-windows is determined by adding a stability factor to the half-window data. The half-window data can be complete seismic trace data (i.e., seismic signals) or compensation data. Finally, a first ratio of the energy of the first and second half-windows is determined. When the first ratio meets a first threshold, the arrival corresponding to the center of the search area can be used as a candidate arrival. The first threshold can change depending on different geological conditions, which will not be explained in detail.

[0062] When the first half of the window needs compensation, the first ratio can satisfy the following formula:

[0063]

[0064] Where Erate represents the energy ratio, i represents the index of the i-th sampling point in the second half window, j represents the index of the j-th sampling point in the first half window, data_sgy represents the shot gather data to be segmented, padEdge represents the compensation data, staB represents the stability factor, and win represents the half window length.

[0065] When the second half of the window needs compensation, the first ratio can satisfy the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] Where, n samples This indicates the total number of sampling points.

[0068] At this point, methods for obtaining candidate first arrivals using the window energy ratio mechanism also include:

[0069] When no data compensation is required, a second ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window is determined based on the stability factor;

[0070] When the second ratio satisfies the second threshold, the candidate initial arrival will be determined by finding the initial arrival corresponding to the center of the range.

[0071] In this disclosure, when it is determined that no data compensation is needed, i.e., when the initial arrival is within the search range, the seismic trace data (i.e., seismic signal) is directly used with a stability factor to determine the energy of the first half-window and the energy of the second half-window. Then, a second ratio of the energy of the first half-window to the energy of the second half-window is determined. This second ratio is compared with a second threshold. When the second ratio meets the second threshold, the arrival corresponding to the center of the search range is taken as a candidate arrival. The second threshold can be flexibly changed according to different geological conditions, and its specific application is not limited.

[0072] When no compensation is needed, the second ratio can satisfy the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] The following will elaborate on three cases of positional relationships:

[0075] The first scenario: The initial arrival is located before the first half of the search range window. In other words, in this case, it can be understood that the initial arrival is before the first half of the search range window, data is missing, and the length of the second half of the search range window boundary meets the current half-window length sampling, so the data is complete.

[0076] The initial position of arrival in this case can be denoted as:

[0077] n Min <n Before And n Samples -n Min >n After

[0078] The second scenario: The initial arrival is within the search range. In other words, in this case, it can be understood that the initial arrival is within the first half of the search range, the data is complete, and the second half of the search range's window boundary satisfies the current half-window length sampling, the data is complete.

[0079] The initial position of arrival in this case can be denoted as:

[0080] n Min >n Before And n Samples -n Min <n After

[0081] The third scenario: The initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range window. In other words, in this case, it can be understood that the initial arrival is within the first half of the search range window, the data is complete, and the second half of the search range window boundary does not meet the current half-window length sampling, resulting in missing data.

[0082] The initial position of arrival in this case can be denoted as:

[0083] n Min >n Before And n Samples -n Min >n After

[0084] The following will elaborate on the method for determining whether data compensation is needed when the initial arrival point is located before the first half of the search range, including:

[0085] If the boundary of the first half-window does not exceed the length of the first half-window, it is determined that data compensation is required for the first half-window.

[0086] When the current half-window boundary exceeds the half-window length, it is determined that no data compensation is needed.

[0087] In this disclosure, the first half-window boundary can be understood as finding the starting boundary corresponding to the first sampling time within the range.

[0088] In this disclosure, when the initial arrival is located before the first half of the window, it is also necessary to determine whether the specified starting boundary (i.e., the first half of the window boundary) exceeds the length of the first half of the window, and thus determine whether compensation is required. When the starting boundary does not exceed the length of the first half of the window, first half-window compensation is required, and the first ratio is determined, as described above. When the starting boundary exceeds the length of the first half of the window, first half-window compensation is not required, and it is directly determined that no compensation is needed, and the second ratio is determined, as described above.

[0089] The following will elaborate on the method for determining whether data compensation is needed when the initial arrival position is located after the second half of the search range, including:

[0090] When the boundary of the second half window does not exceed the length of the second half window, it is determined that the second half window needs to be compensated for data.

[0091] When the boundary of the second half window exceeds the length of the second half window, it is determined that no data compensation is needed.

[0092] In this disclosure, the second half-window boundary can be understood as finding the starting boundary corresponding to the first sampling time within the range.

[0093] In this disclosure, when the initial arrival is located after the second half of the window, it is also necessary to determine whether the specified starting boundary (i.e., the second half of the window boundary) exceeds the length of the second half of the window, and thus determine whether compensation is required. When the starting boundary does not exceed the length of the second half of the window, second half-window compensation is required, and the first ratio is determined, as described above. When the starting boundary exceeds the length of the second half of the window, second half-window compensation is not required, and it is directly determined that no compensation is needed, and the second ratio is determined, as described above.

[0094] The following will explain in detail how to use candidate first arrivals to determine the target first arrival, including the following methods:

[0095] By determining the minimum value at multiple first moments, the initial arrival of the target is obtained.

[0096] In this disclosure, the candidate first arrivals of each seismic signal in the current shot gather data are obtained, and the first time corresponding to multiple candidate first arrivals is determined. At least one method such as direct comparison, sorting comparison, or weighted average comparison can be used to determine the minimum value, thereby obtaining the target first arrival.

[0097] The following will elaborate on the methods that, after obtaining the minimum initial target, also include:

[0098] Determine the second time step corresponding to the current shot collection data;

[0099] When the second moment is greater than the third threshold, the corresponding current shot collection data is determined as a set of shot collection data; the third threshold is the third moment corresponding to the initial arrival of the target.

[0100] In this disclosure, multiple second moments corresponding to the current shot gather data can also be determined, and the current shot gather data corresponding to all second moments greater than the third moment corresponding to the target's initial arrival can be divided into an independent set of shot gather data. In simpler terms, after obtaining the minimum target initial arrival, the data can be divided along the time direction using the minimum initial arrival as a baseline, and all shot gather data greater than this threshold can be divided into an independent set of shot gather data.

[0101] For example, Figure 2 This is a complete schematic diagram of the initial arrival picking process provided for embodiments of this disclosure.

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0103] S1. Input parameters: total number of channels, total number of sampling points, first half window of the first arrival search range, second half window of the first arrival search range, half window length of the energy ratio, rough estimate of the initial first arrival (i.e., the initial first arrival of this disclosure), randomly picked pure background noise value, and shot collection data to be segmented.

[0104] S2, Calculate the stability factor of the energy ratio.

[0105] S3. Generate a random sequence of length half the window length within the interval of the absolute value of the noise value.

[0106] S4. Determine whether the initial arrival is less than the first half window of the arrival search range, and whether the total sampled data minus the initial arrival is greater than the second half window of the arrival search range (i.e., the initial arrival of the first positional relationship in this disclosure is before the first half window of the search range).

[0107] S5. If S4 is satisfied, then perform the following operation on each data point:

[0108] a: When the sampling point time is less than half the window length of the energy ratio, the energy of the first half window is calculated by filling with a random sequence, and the energy of the second half window is calculated using seismic data to obtain the energy ratio; when the sampling point time is greater than half the window length of the energy ratio, the energy of both the first and second half windows is calculated using seismic data.

[0109] b: Find the candidate first arrivals of the data in the range [1, initial first arrival plus the second half window of the first arrival search range].

[0110] S6. Determine whether the initial arrival is greater than the first half window of the arrival search range, and whether the total sampled data minus the initial arrival is less than the second half window of the arrival search range (i.e., the initial arrival of the first positional relationship of this disclosure is within the search range).

[0111] S7. If S6 is satisfied, then perform the following operation on each data point:

[0112] A: The energy of both the first and second half windows is calculated using seismic guided data.

[0113] b: Find the candidate first octaves of the data within the range [initial first octave minus first octave to find the first half of the range, initial first octave plus first octave to find the second half of the range].

[0114] S8. Determine whether the initial arrival value is greater than the first half of the arrival search range, and whether the total sampled data minus the initial arrival value is greater than the second half of the arrival search range.

[0115] S9. If S9 is satisfied, then perform the following operation on each data point:

[0116] a: When the sampling point time is greater than the half-window length of the total number of sampling points minus the energy ratio, the energy of the first half-window is calculated using seismic trace data, and the energy of the second half-window is calculated using random sequence filling to obtain the energy ratio; when the sampling point time is less than the half-window length of the total number of sampling points minus the energy ratio, the energy of both the first and second half-windows is calculated using seismic trace data.

[0117] b: Find the candidate first arrivals of the data within the range [initial first arrival minus the first half window of the first arrival search range, total number of sampling points].

[0118] S10. After all the above operations have been completed in all channels, find the smallest candidate first arrival as the target first arrival.

[0119] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 This is a rough first arrival time diagram provided for embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a rough initial path corresponding to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5This is a magnified view of the minimum first arrival provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The following example uses actual data collected from nodes, comprising 240 seismic data points and three shot gathers, each with 30,000 sampling points. The minimum first arrival of the third shot gather is calculated using the following process:

[0120] first step:

[0121] The shot gather data to be segmented is denoted as data_sgy, with randomly selected background noise x_Noise = 2.8, and a total number of channels n. Trace =240, the number of sampling points n per channel Samples =30000, giving a rough initial value of n Min =29185, setting the initial search range to the first half window n Before =2000, second half window n After =1000, the half-window length win = 20 for the energy ratio calculation; for example Figure 3 The approximate time of the initial arrival is 29185, and the corresponding path is as follows: Figure 4 The 231st question is shown.

[0122] The stability factor for the energy ratio is calculated as staB = abs(2.8) = 2.8;

[0123] Generate a random sequence of length 20 in the interval (-2.8, 2.8).

[0124] padEdge={0.49,-0.97,...,5.37,-5.66};

[0125] Step Two:

[0126] Determine the approximate initial position, at which point (n Min =29185)>(n Before =2000) and (n Samples -n Min =815)<(n Affer =1000), perform the following operations on each data point:

[0127] Sampling point time greater than n Samples When -win = 29980, the energy Ebefore of the first half-window is calculated using seismic trace data, and the energy Eafter of the second half-window is calculated using padEdge data, thus calculating the energy ratio Erate. For example, if the sampling point time is 30000 > 29980, Erate is calculated using the first seismic trace as an example:

[0128]

[0129] The sampling point time is less than n SamplesWhen -win = 29980, the energy of the first half window Ebefore and the energy of the second half window Eafter are both calculated using seismic trace data;

[0130] Taking the first data question as an example, find the initial and final values ​​of n in the range [27185, 30000]. Mintmp =29798, as Figure 5 This is a magnified view of the smallest initial elevation. Figure 5 The displayed value is the minimum initial arrival of 29,798.

[0131] Step 3:

[0132] After performing the above operations on all paths, find the smallest n. Mintmp That is, the minimum initial arrival n of the current gun collection. Minlast =28878

[0133] Move the data_sgy along n Minlast At time t, the data is cut and extracted to obtain the data of the third shot set.

[0134] This disclosure also provides a first-arrival pickup device. Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a first-arrival pickup device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the initial arrival pickup device 600 includes:

[0135] Acquisition unit 601 is used to acquire the initial arrival of the current shot collection data;

[0136] The first determining unit 602 is used to determine candidate first arrivals based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters using a ratio mechanism for any seismic signal from the current shot gather data.

[0137] The second determining unit 603 is used to determine the initial arrival of the target based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival.

[0138] In one exemplary embodiment, the energy ratio parameters include: half-window length, search range, stability factor, and compensation data; the search range includes: the first half-window of the search range and the second half-window of the search range.

[0139] In one exemplary embodiment, obtaining the initial arrival of the current shot gather data includes: obtaining the initial arrival based on at least one of historical shot gather data and predicted data.

[0140] In one exemplary embodiment, for any seismic signal from the current shot gather, a ratio mechanism is used to determine candidate first arrivals based on initial first arrivals and energy ratio parameters. This includes: determining the positional relationship between the initial first arrivals and the search area; determining whether data compensation is needed based on the positional relationship and half-window length; when data compensation is needed, determining a first ratio between the energy of the first half-window and the energy of the second half-window based on the stability factor and the compensation data; and when the first ratio meets a first threshold, determining the first arrival corresponding to the center of the search area as a candidate first arrival.

[0141] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: when no data compensation is required, determining a second ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window based on a stability factor; when the second ratio satisfies a second threshold, determining the first arrival corresponding to the center of the search range as a candidate first arrival.

[0142] In one exemplary embodiment, the positional relationships include: the initial arrival is located before the first half of the search range window; the initial arrival is located within the search range; and the initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range window.

[0143] In one exemplary embodiment, when the initial arrival is located before the first half of the search range, based on the positional relationship and the half-window length, it is determined whether data compensation is needed, including: if the current half-window boundary does not exceed the half-window length, it is determined that data compensation is needed; if the current half-window boundary exceeds the half-window length, it is determined that the first half-window does not need data compensation.

[0144] In one exemplary embodiment, when the positional relationship is that the initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range, based on the positional relationship and the length of the second half of the window, it is determined whether data compensation is needed, including: when the boundary of the second half of the window does not exceed the length of the second half of the window, it is determined that data compensation is needed; when the boundary of the second half of the window exceeds the length of the second half of the window, it is determined that the second half of the window does not need data compensation.

[0145] In one exemplary embodiment, determining the target arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate arrival includes: determining the minimum value of each first moment to obtain the target arrival.

[0146] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: determining a second moment corresponding to the current shot collection data; when the second moment is greater than a third threshold, determining the current shot collection data corresponding to it as a set of shot collection data; the third threshold is the third moment corresponding to the initial arrival of the target.

[0147] Figure 7 This is a hardware block diagram of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 700 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least a processor and a memory for storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are loaded and executed by the processor, the processor performs the initial arrival pickup method of any of the preceding embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] Figure 7 The illustrated electronic device 700 specifically includes a central processing unit (CPU) 701, a graphics processing unit (GPU) 702, and a memory 703. These units are interconnected via a bus 704. The CPU 701 and / or GPU 702 can function as the aforementioned processor, and the memory 703 can function as the aforementioned memory storing computer-readable instructions. Furthermore, the electronic device 700 may also include a communication unit 705, a storage unit 706, an output unit 707, an input unit 708, and an external device 709, all of which are also connected to the bus 704.

[0149] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (As shown...) Figure 8 As shown, a computer-readable storage medium 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure stores computer-readable instructions 801 thereon. When the computer-readable instructions 801 are executed by a processor, the initial arrival fetching method according to any embodiment of the present disclosure described above with reference to the accompanying drawings is performed. The computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, optical disk, magnetic disk, etc.

[0150] This disclosure further provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the first arrival picking method of any of the preceding embodiments of this disclosure.

[0151] The present disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product for first arrival picking. This disclosure obtains the initial first arrival of the current shot gather data; for any seismic signal from the current shot gather data, it determines candidate first arrivals based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters using a window energy ratio mechanism; and it determines the target first arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate first arrivals. In this process, the initial first arrival is a roughly calculated starting reference, which can be determined by manual assessment or historical data, and then used to determine a reasonable energy ratio calculation window range. The ratio is calculated in the area where the first arrival is most likely to occur, avoiding aimless, fully automated picking and searching of the entire shot gather data, thus improving computational efficiency and accuracy. In summary, the method of this disclosure avoids reliance on tedious manual operations and subjective judgment, preventing the introduction of human error, and does not require the large amount of high-quality practical sample training data and comprehensive complex model construction required by automated systems, reducing the requirements for data and computational resources. It has broad adaptability, can flexibly adapt to different geological conditions, and obtains relatively accurate first arrival results.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0153] The basic principles of this disclosure have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this disclosure are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the scope of this disclosure to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0154] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems disclosed herein are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0155] Additionally, as used herein, the “or” used in a list of items beginning with “at least one” indicates a separate list, such that a list of, for example, “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, the word “exemplary” does not imply that the described example is preferred or better than other examples.

[0156] It should also be noted that in the systems and methods of this disclosure, the components or steps can be decomposed and / or recombined. These decompositions and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions to this disclosure.

[0157] Various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made to the technology herein without departing from the teachings defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, the scope of the claims of this disclosure is not limited to the specific aspects of the processes, machines, manufactures, events, means, methods, and actions described above. Currently existing or later-developed processes, machines, manufactures, events, means, methods, or actions that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding aspects herein can be utilized. Therefore, the appended claims include such processes, machines, manufactures, events, means, methods, or actions within their scope.

[0158] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0159] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations therein.

Claims

1. A first arrival pick-up method characterized by, The method includes: Obtain the initial arrival of the current gun collection data; For any seismic signal from the current shot gather data, a candidate first arrival is determined using a window energy ratio mechanism based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters. The initial arrival of the target is determined based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The energy ratio parameters include: half-window length, search range, stability factor, and compensation data; The search range includes: the first half window of the search range and the second half window of the search range.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The initial arrival of the current gun collection data includes: The initial arrival is obtained based on at least one of historical gunning data and predicted data.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, For any seismic signal from the current shot gather, candidate first arrivals are determined using a windowed energy ratio mechanism based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters, including: Determine the positional relationship of the initial arrival within the search range; Based on the aforementioned positional relationship and half-window length, determine whether data compensation is required; When data compensation is required, the first ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window is determined based on the stability factor and the compensation data. When the first ratio satisfies the first threshold, the first arrival corresponding to the center of the search range is determined as the candidate first arrival.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further includes: When no data compensation is required, a second ratio of the energy of the first half window to the energy of the second half window is determined based on the stability factor; When the second ratio satisfies the second threshold, the initial arrival corresponding to the center of the search range is determined as the candidate initial arrival.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The positional relationships include: the initial arrival is located before the first half of the search range window; the initial arrival is located within the search range; and the initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range window.

7. The method according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that, When the positional relationship is such that the initial arrival is before the first half of the search range window, the step of determining whether data compensation is needed based on the positional relationship and the half-window length includes: If the boundary of the first half-window does not exceed the length of the first half-window, it is determined that the first half-window needs data compensation. When the boundary of the first half window exceeds the length of the half window, it is determined that no data compensation is needed.

8. The method according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that, When the positional relationship is such that the initial arrival is located after the second half of the search range, the step of determining whether data compensation is needed based on the positional relationship and the half-window length includes: When the boundary of the second half window does not exceed the length of the second half window, it is determined that the second half window needs to be compensated for data. When the boundary of the rear half-window exceeds the length of the half-window, it is determined that no data compensation is required.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target's initial arrival based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival includes: The minimum value at multiple first moments is determined to obtain the initial arrival of the target.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the second time point corresponding to the current shot collection data; When the second time point is greater than the third threshold, the corresponding current shot collection data is determined as a set of shot collection data; the third threshold is the third time point corresponding to the initial arrival of the target.

11. A first-arrival pickup device, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the initial arrival of the current shot collection data; The first determining unit is used to determine candidate first arrivals based on the initial first arrival and energy ratio parameters using a ratio mechanism for any seismic signal from the current shot gather data. The second determining unit is used to determine the initial arrival of the target based on the first moment corresponding to the candidate initial arrival.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer-readable instructions; as well as A processor for executing the computer-readable instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-readable instructions, characterized in that, When the computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

14. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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