A method, apparatus and device for generating simulation pulses for a generator encoder

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and device for generating simulated pulses for a generator encoder, relating to the field of wind turbine generator simulation technology. The method includes: acquiring the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; performing phase correction on the rotor electrical angle using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle; performing period normalization processing on the corrected rotor electrical angle to obtain a normalized electrical angle; determining the pulse phase state of the generator encoder based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target number of pulses; and generating a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder according to the pulse phase state. The generator encoder simulated pulse generation method of this application can efficiently and accurately determine the pulse phase state and generate simulated pulse signals based on the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed of the wind turbine generator simulation model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wind turbine generator simulation technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, and equipment for generating simulation pulses for a generator encoder. Background Technology

[0002] In wind turbine simulation and operation, the generator encoder, as a core component for acquiring rotor position and providing operational status feedback, outputs pulse signals that are crucial for precise turbine control and status monitoring. However, existing hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation systems for wind power generation cannot simulate generator encoder pulse outputs. In contrast, actual wind turbine converters require real-time detection of generator encoder pulses to calculate rotor position angle and speed information for wind turbine control. This makes it difficult for existing technologies to meet the simulation system's encoder signal requirements, thus affecting the realism and accuracy of wind turbine simulations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, and device for generating simulated pulses for a generator encoder, which solves the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. It can efficiently and accurately determine the pulse phase state and generate simulated pulse signals based on the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed of the simulation model.

[0004] Firstly, a method for generating simulation pulses from a generator encoder is provided, applied in the simulation controller of a wind turbine generator simulation system. The simulation controller carries a wind turbine generator simulation model. The method may include: Obtain the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; The rotor electrical angle is phase-corrected using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. The corrected rotor electrical angle is periodically normalized to obtain the normalized electrical angle. Based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number, the pulse phase state of the generator encoder is determined; Based on the pulse phase state, a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder is generated.

[0005] In an optional implementation, the rotor electrical angle is phase-corrected using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle, including: Calculate the phase compensation coefficient based on the rotor speed; The rotor electrical angle is corrected by using the phase compensation coefficient to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle.

[0006] In an optional implementation, the corrected rotor electrical angle is periodically normalized to obtain a normalized electrical angle, including: The ratio of the corrected rotor electrical angle to the configured electrical angle period is used as the normalized electrical angle.

[0007] In an optional implementation, determining the pulse phase state of the encoder in the generator based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target number of pulses includes: The product of the normalized electrical angle and the number of target pulses is used as the phase count value; Phase analysis is performed on the phase count value to obtain the pulse phase state.

[0008] In an optional implementation, a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder is generated based on the pulse phase state, including: The pulse phase state is orthogonally encoded and mapped to obtain the positive-phase initial logic level signals of different orthogonal signal channels of the generator encoder; Different positive initial logic level signals are inverted to obtain inverted initial logic level signals for different positive initial logic level signals; Based on the configured symmetry correction parameters, symmetry correction is performed on different positive-phase initial logic level signals and different negative-phase initial logic level signals to obtain symmetry-corrected logic level signals; Based on the configured simulation step size, the symmetrically corrected logic level signal is delayed and compensated to obtain the simulation pulse signal of the generator encoder.

[0009] In an optional implementation, the simulated pulse signal of the generator encoder includes: a first positive phase pulse signal, a second positive phase pulse signal, a second negative phase pulse signal, and a second negative phase pulse signal; There is a 90° phase difference between the first positive phase pulse signal and the second positive phase pulse signal; the first positive phase pulse signal and the first negative phase pulse signal are out of phase; the first positive phase pulse signal and the second negative phase pulse signal are out of phase.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the generator simulation system for the wind turbine also includes: a digital output interface and an encoder interface board; After generating the simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder, the method further includes: The simulated pulse signal of the generator encoder is output to the encoder interface board through the digital output interface.

[0011] Secondly, a simulation pulse generation device for a generator encoder is provided, which is applied in the simulation controller of a generator simulation system for a wind turbine. The simulation controller carries a generator simulation model of the wind turbine. The device may include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; The correction unit is used to perform phase correction on the rotor electrical angle using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. The processing unit is used to perform periodic normalization processing on the corrected rotor electrical angle to obtain the normalized electrical angle. The determining unit is used to determine the pulse phase state of the generator encoder based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number; The generation unit is used to generate a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder based on the pulse phase state.

[0012] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, which includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; When a processor executes a program stored in memory, it implements any of the steps described in the first aspect above.

[0013] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program is stored therein, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of any of the methods described in the first aspect above.

[0014] This application performs phase correction and period normalization on the rotor electrical angle output from the generator simulation model to accurately determine the pulse phase state and generate a simulated pulse signal. This effectively improves the accuracy of the pulse phase, ensuring a high degree of match between the generated simulated pulse signal and the actual motion state of the generator rotor, thus guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the encoder simulation output. This application converts the analog generator rotor angle in the simulation system into a digital encoder pulse, realizing generator encoder pulse output and improving the consistency and simulation accuracy between the simulation system and the actual system. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This application provides an architecture diagram of a simulation pulse generation system for a generator encoder, as shown in the embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for generating simulated pulses for a generator encoder, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation pulse generation device for a generator encoder provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The words "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The words "comprising" or "including," etc., mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The words "connected," "coupled," or "connected," etc., are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up," "down," "left," "right," etc., are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0018] The generator encoder simulation pulse generation method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to... Figure 1 In the system architecture shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system may include: a simulation controller equipped with a generator simulation model of a wind turbine, a digital output interface, and an encoder interface board; wherein the simulation controller and the digital output interface are electrically connected; and the digital output interface and the encoder interface board are electrically connected. A simulation controller is used to execute the simulation pulse generation method for the generator encoder provided in the embodiments of this application; The digital output interface is used to output the simulated pulse signal of the generator encoder to the encoder interface board, so that the encoder interface board can realize closed-loop acquisition of the generator rotor position and speed based on the simulated pulse signal.

[0019] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application. Furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating simulated pulses for a generator encoder, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method may include: Step S210: Obtain the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model.

[0021] Among them, the generator rotor angle of the simulated quantity generated by the rotor electric angle generator simulation model ranges from 0 to 2π.

[0022] In practice, the simulation controller periodically executes the generator simulation model to perform generator simulation calculations. Within any simulation cycle, the generator simulation model calculates and outputs the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed in real time based on the configured simulation operating conditions, electrical parameters and mechanical parameters of the wind turbine generator.

[0023] In another embodiment of this application, after obtaining the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed, the method may further include: The rotor electrical angle and rotor speed are synchronously filtered to remove high-frequency interference components and abnormal fluctuation data, resulting in filtered rotor electrical angle and rotor speed. Specifically, a digital filter with the same pre-configured filtering parameters is used to filter the rotor speed within the same simulation cycle, and the rotor electrical angle with a period range of 0~2π is periodically extended and synchronously filtered. The filtered electrical angle is then mapped back to the 0~2π period range to obtain the synchronously filtered rotor electrical angle and rotor speed.

[0024] Step S220: Use the rotor speed to perform phase correction on the rotor electrical angle to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle.

[0025] In practice, the phase compensation coefficient is calculated based on the rotor speed; specifically, the product of the rotor speed and the configured compensation gain coefficient is used as the phase compensation coefficient. The rotor electrical angle is corrected by using a phase compensation coefficient to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. Specifically, the product of the phase compensation coefficient and the duration of the configured simulation period is used as the phase compensation increment. The rotor electrical angle is added to the phase compensation increment to obtain the intermediate corrected rotor electrical angle. The intermediate corrected rotor electrical angle is mapped to the period range of 0 to 2π to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle.

[0026] Step S230: Perform periodic normalization on the corrected rotor electrical angle to obtain the normalized electrical angle.

[0027] In specific implementation, the ratio of the corrected rotor electrical angle to the configured electrical angle period is used as the normalized electrical angle; where the electrical angle period is 2π; specifically, the corrected rotor electrical angle is divided by the configured electrical angle period, and the numerical range of the corrected rotor electrical angle is changed to 0~1, to obtain the normalized electrical angle used to characterize the relative position of the generator rotor in one electrical cycle.

[0028] Step S240: Determine the pulse phase state of the generator encoder based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number.

[0029] In practice, the product of the normalized electrical angle and the target pulse count is used as the phase count value. Phase analysis is performed on the phase count value to obtain the pulse phase state. Specifically, the pulse count value is rounded down and modulo 4 to obtain the pulse phase state. For example, if the target pulse count is 2048, the normalized electrical angle is multiplied by 2048 to obtain the phase count value, which ranges from 0 to 2048. The phase count value is then modulo 2; odd numbers within the range of 0 to 2048 modulo 2 result in 1, and even numbers within the range of 0 to 2048 modulo 2 result in 0. In digital circuits, 1 represents a high level and 0 represents a low level, thus obtaining the pulse phase state.

[0030] In another embodiment of this application, the pulse phase state of the generator encoder is determined according to the different and different level mapping tables. The different and different level mapping tables are preset according to the encoder parameters of different wind turbine models and can be dynamically updated.

[0031] Step S250: Generate a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder based on the pulse phase state.

[0032] The simulated pulse signals of the generator encoder include: a first positive phase pulse signal, a second positive phase pulse signal, a second negative phase pulse signal, and a second negative phase pulse signal. The simulated pulse signals of the generator encoder are matched with the signals of the converter encoder interface board. The first positive phase pulse signal, the second positive phase pulse signal, the second negative phase pulse signal, and the second negative phase pulse signal correspond to the encoder A+ channel pulse, B+ channel pulse, A- channel pulse, and B- channel pulse, respectively. There is a 90° phase difference between the first positive phase pulse signal and the second positive phase pulse signal, which is used to determine the forward and reverse rotation of the generator. The first positive phase pulse signal and the first negative phase pulse signal are out of phase. The first positive phase pulse signal and the second negative phase pulse signal are out of phase.

[0033] In practice, the pulse phase state is orthogonally encoded and mapped to obtain the positive initial logic level signals of different orthogonal signal channels of the generator encoder; Different positive initial logic level signals are inverted to obtain inverted initial logic level signals for different positive initial logic level signals; Based on the configured symmetry correction parameters, symmetry correction is performed on different positive-phase initial logic level signals and different negative-phase initial logic level signals to obtain symmetry-corrected logic level signals. The symmetry correction parameters are obtained by measuring and calibrating the hardware transmission delay between the encoder interface board and the digital output interface. Specifically, the actual edge trigger times of the positive-phase initial logic level signal and the negative-phase initial logic level signal of the same positive-phase channel are obtained. Based on the symmetry correction parameters, the target delay duration corresponding to the positive-phase and negative-phase signals is determined. The corresponding positive and negative initial logic level signals are delayed according to the target delay duration, so that the rising and falling edge times of the adjusted positive logic level signals and the negative logic level signals are aligned respectively, ensuring the timing symmetry of the two signals. A corresponding delay is applied to the logic level signal whose edge trigger time is ahead, and no delay or a small delay is applied to the logic level signal whose edge trigger time is lagging. Based on the configured simulation step size, delay compensation is applied to the symmetrically corrected logic level signal to obtain the simulated pulse signal of the generator encoder. Specifically, the start and end times of the current simulation step size are determined, and the end time of the simulation step size is taken as the target output time of the logic level signal. The time difference between the current time and the target output time is calculated, and this time difference is taken as the delay compensation duration. The output delay control is applied to the symmetrically corrected logic level signal according to the delay compensation duration. After the delay ends, the output signal is obtained, resulting in a generator encoder simulated pulse signal synchronized with the simulation model timing.

[0034] In another embodiment of this application, the method may further include: The generated simulated pulse signal is compared with the preset standard encoder pulse signal to calculate the signal deviation. If the signal deviation exceeds the configured anti-false trigger threshold, it is determined to be a signal abnormality. The phase compensation coefficient and the number of target pulses are dynamically adjusted according to the signal deviation to achieve closed-loop calibration of the simulated pulse signal.

[0035] Corresponding to the above method, embodiments of this application also provide a simulation pulse generation device for a generator encoder, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the device includes: The acquisition unit 310 is used to acquire the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; The correction unit 320 is used to perform phase correction on the rotor electrical angle using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. Processing unit 330 is used to perform periodic normalization processing on the corrected rotor electrical angle to obtain the normalized electrical angle; The determining unit 340 is used to determine the pulse phase state of the generator encoder based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number; The generation unit 350 is used to generate a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder based on the pulse phase state.

[0036] The functions of each functional unit in the generator encoder simulation pulse generation device provided in the above embodiments of this application can be implemented through the above methods and steps. Therefore, the specific working process and beneficial effects of each unit in the generator encoder simulation pulse generation device provided in the embodiments of this application will not be repeated here.

[0037] This application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes a processor 410, a communication interface 420, a memory 430, and a communication bus 440, wherein the processor 410, the communication interface 420, and the memory 430 communicate with each other through the communication bus 440.

[0038] Memory 430 is used to store computer programs; When the processor 410 executes the program stored in the memory 430, it performs the following steps: Obtain the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated from the generator simulation model; The rotor electrical angle is phase-corrected by using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle; The corrected rotor electrical angle is periodically normalized to obtain the normalized electrical angle. The pulse phase state of the generator encoder is determined based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number. Based on the pulse phase state, a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder is generated.

[0039] The communication bus mentioned above can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0040] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic devices and other devices.

[0041] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0042] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0043] The implementation methods and beneficial effects of the various components of the electronic device in the above embodiments for solving the problem can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 The steps in the illustrated embodiments are used to implement the electronic device. Therefore, the specific working process and beneficial effects of the electronic device provided in this application will not be repeated here.

[0044] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the simulation pulse generation method of the generator encoder described in any of the above embodiments.

[0045] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer program product containing instructions is also provided, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the simulation pulse generation method of the generator encoder described in any of the above embodiments.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments in this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments in this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the embodiments in this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0047] This application describes embodiments of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0048] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0049] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0050] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this application, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0051] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of this application fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, then these modifications and variations are also intended to be included in the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for generating simulated pulses for a generator encoder, characterized in that, In a simulation controller used in a generator simulation system for wind turbines, the simulation controller carries a generator simulation model of the wind turbine, and the method includes: Obtain the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; The rotor electrical angle is phase-corrected using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. The corrected rotor electrical angle is periodically normalized to obtain the normalized electrical angle. Based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number, the pulse phase state of the generator encoder is determined; Based on the pulse phase state, a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder is generated.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor electrical angle is phase-corrected using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle, including: Calculate the phase compensation coefficient based on the rotor speed; The rotor electrical angle is corrected by using the phase compensation coefficient to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The corrected rotor electrical angle is periodically normalized to obtain the normalized electrical angle, including: The ratio of the corrected rotor electrical angle to the configured electrical angle period is used as the normalized electrical angle.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the pulse phase state of the encoder in the generator based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number includes: The product of the normalized electrical angle and the number of target pulses is used as the phase count value; Phase analysis is performed on the phase count value to obtain the pulse phase state.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the pulse phase state, a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder is generated, including: The pulse phase state is orthogonally encoded and mapped to obtain the positive-phase initial logic level signals of different orthogonal signal channels of the generator encoder; Different positive initial logic level signals are inverted to obtain inverted initial logic level signals for different positive initial logic level signals; Based on the configured symmetry correction parameters, symmetry correction is performed on different positive-phase initial logic level signals and different negative-phase initial logic level signals to obtain symmetry-corrected logic level signals; Based on the configured simulation step size, the symmetrically corrected logic level signal is delayed and compensated to obtain the simulation pulse signal of the generator encoder.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated pulse signals of the generator encoder include: a first positive phase pulse signal, a second positive phase pulse signal, a second negative phase pulse signal, and a second negative phase pulse signal; There is a 90° phase difference between the first positive phase pulse signal and the second positive phase pulse signal; the first positive phase pulse signal and the first negative phase pulse signal are out of phase; the first positive phase pulse signal and the second negative phase pulse signal are out of phase.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The generator simulation system for the wind turbine also includes: a digital output interface and an encoder interface board; After generating the simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder, the method further includes: The simulated pulse signal of the generator encoder is output to the encoder interface board through the digital output interface.

8. A simulation pulse generation device for a generator encoder, characterized in that, A simulation controller used in a generator simulation system for wind turbines, wherein the simulation controller carries a generator simulation model of the wind turbine, the device comprising: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the rotor electrical angle and rotor speed generated by the generator simulation model; The correction unit is used to perform phase correction on the rotor electrical angle using the rotor speed to obtain the corrected rotor electrical angle. The processing unit is used to perform periodic normalization processing on the corrected rotor electrical angle to obtain the normalized electrical angle. The determining unit is used to determine the pulse phase state of the generator encoder based on the normalized electrical angle and the configured target pulse number; The generation unit is used to generate a simulated pulse signal for the generator encoder based on the pulse phase state.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-7.

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