A gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method, and its application. By weight percentage, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent comprises 3%–20% surfactant, 1%–10% foam stabilizer, 5%–20% microcapsules, 5%–20% co-solvent, 0.1%–0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2%–1% chelating agent, 0.2%–1% corrosion inhibitor, with the balance being buffer solution. Under high-temperature fire conditions, the microcapsule wall material of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent provided by this invention ruptures, rapidly releasing perfluorohexanone. Through its instantaneous vaporization and heat absorption, combined with the covering and suffocating effect of the foam, a synergistic fire extinguishing effect is generated, significantly improving fire extinguishing efficiency and resistance to reignition. It also solves the compatibility problem between fluorinated microcapsules and water-based foam matrices, enhancing foam stability and foaming properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agent technology, specifically relating to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Foam extinguishing agents are currently one of the most effective extinguishing media for extinguishing flammable liquid fires (Class B fires) and solid material fires (Class A fires), especially aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) extinguishing agents. By forming a water film and foam layer on the fuel surface, it can effectively isolate oxygen and cool the fuel surface, thereby achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire. However, traditional foam extinguishing agents have the following inherent defects when facing high temperature, strong heat radiation or deep fires: (1) For fires with intense combustion and high heat release rate, the cooling rate of traditional foam sometimes cannot keep up with the development of the fire, resulting in a long extinguishing time. (2) After extinguishing oil fires, the fuel temperature may still be higher than the ignition point. Once the foam layer is destroyed or evaporated, it is very easy for reignition to occur. (3) Some fluorocarbon surfactants in traditional AFFF (such as PFOS and PFOA) are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, which are not environmentally friendly and are being gradually restricted and phased out.

[0003] To overcome these problems, researchers have attempted to combine gaseous and liquid-phase fire extinguishing agents (such as heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone) with foam. However, these fire extinguishing agents are volatile at room temperature, and direct addition would result in the loss of effective ingredients during storage and may affect the stability of the foam. Microencapsulation technology offers a solution to this dilemma. This technology encapsulates active substances in micron-sized capsules, allowing them to remain stable under normal conditions and release their contents only under specific external stimuli.

[0004] Currently, while there are reports of applying microencapsulation technology to flame-retardant materials (such as adding microencapsulated flame retardants to plastics), research on its organic combination with water-based foam extinguishing agents to construct a composite fire extinguishing system capable of intelligently responding to fire conditions and releasing highly efficient extinguishing agents at designated times and locations is still insufficient. Furthermore, existing research has not considered the compatibility of fluorinated microcapsules with water-based foam matrices, nor has it discovered the unique effect of microcapsule addition on foam stability and foaming properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method, and its application, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes: The first aspect of the present invention provides a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, comprising, by weight percentage, 3% to 20% surfactant, 1% to 10% foam stabilizer, 3% to 20% microcapsule, 5% to 20% cosolvent, 0.1% to 0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2% to 1% chelating agent, 0.2% to 1% corrosion inhibitor, with the balance being buffer solution; The microcapsule comprises a core material and a wall material covering the core material; the wall material comprises a thermoresponsive polymer material, and the core material comprises perfluorohexanone.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, comprising: The surfactant, antibacterial agent, corrosion inhibitor, chelating agent and phosphate buffer are mixed evenly to obtain the first mixture solution; The foam stabilizer and the co-solvent are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture solution; The first mixture solution, the second mixture solution, and the phosphate buffer solution are mixed thoroughly, and the pH value is adjusted to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution. Microcapsules are added to the third mixture solution and dispersed evenly to obtain a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0008] A third aspect of the invention provides the application of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent in the field of fire extinguishing.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent provided by the present invention ruptures the microcapsule wall material under high temperature fire conditions and rapidly releases perfluorohexanone. Through its instantaneous vaporization and heat absorption and the covering and suffocating effect of the foam, it generates a synergistic fire extinguishing effect, significantly improving the fire extinguishing efficiency and the ability to resist reignition. It solves the compatibility problem between fluorinated microcapsules and water-based foam matrix, and enhances the stability and foaming properties of the foam.

[0010] (2) The microcapsules in the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention serve as solid phase reinforcing agents, which can improve the foam stability of the foam system, far exceeding that of traditional fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agents and foam systems with direct addition of perfluorohexanone.

[0011] (3) The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention does not contain persistent pollutants such as traditional perfluorooctane sulfonyl compounds, and is environmentally friendly. At the same time, the preparation method provided is simple and easy to industrialize, and the resulting product has the advantages of high foaming ratio, good foam stability and low surface tension. Detailed Implementation

[0012] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through extensive and in-depth research, provide a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method, and its application. The following will further explain and illustrate this technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles.

[0013] The first aspect of the present invention provides a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, comprising, by weight percentage, 3% to 20% surfactant, 1% to 10% foam stabilizer, 5% to 20% microcapsule, 5% to 20% cosolvent, 0.1% to 0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2% to 1% chelating agent, 0.2% to 1% corrosion inhibitor, with the balance being buffer solution; The microcapsule comprises a microcapsule, the microcapsule including a core material and a wall material covering the core material; the wall material includes a thermoresponsive polymer material, and the core material includes perfluorohexanone.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thermoresponsive polymeric material includes at least one of gelatin-gum arabic, urea-formaldehyde resin, sodium alginate, melamine resin, polyurea, polymethyl methacrylate, and polylactic acid.

[0015] Furthermore, the melting temperature of the wall material is 50~150℃. In a fire environment with high temperatures of 50~150℃, the wall material ruptures and releases perfluorohexanone gaseous extinguishing agent, forming a gas-liquid-solid three-phase synergistic fire extinguishing system with the foam matrix. The foam matrix forms a liquid film to achieve coverage and suffocation (liquid phase), the microcapsule wall material acts as a solid phase supporting the foam skeleton and improving foam stability, and the perfluorohexanone vaporizes to form a gas phase to achieve heat absorption and flame suppression.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the microcapsules is 5~50μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the diameter of the microcapsules is 10~30μm.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent contains 3% to 20 wt% microcapsule solids.

[0019] In some embodiments, the surfactant includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of C9-C11 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium cocoyl alcohol polyether-30 sulfate, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, and alkyl polyglycosides.

[0020] In some embodiments, the foam stabilizer includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of nanocellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and guar gum. At high concentrations, the foam stabilizer can induce the formation of a liquid film gel and block the foam skeleton, thereby inhibiting foam separation.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the foam stabilizer comprises a combination of carrageenan and xanthan gum, wherein the mass ratio of carrageenan to xanthan gum is 1~5:1~5.

[0022] In some embodiments, the cosolvent includes, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol, C12-C14 fatty alcohols, and sucrose.

[0023] Furthermore, the co-solvent includes a combination of sucrose, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and ethylene glycol.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of sucrose, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and ethylene glycol is 1~10:1~10:1~10. Diethylene glycol butyl ether can alter the micelle size of polysiloxane surfactants and hydrocarbon surfactants, and can enhance the interfacial adsorption of surfactants. Ethylene glycol can significantly lower the freezing point of the foam liquid. Sucrose facilitates the dissolution of macromolecules such as xanthan gum.

[0025] In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, benzotriazole.

[0026] In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent includes, but is not limited to, sodium benzoate.

[0027] In some embodiments, the chelating agent includes, but is not limited to, sodium EDTA.

[0028] In some embodiments, the buffer solution includes at least one of phosphate buffer and sodium citrate buffer.

[0029] In some embodiments, the surface tension of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is 23~25.5 mN / m.

[0030] In some implementations, the foam half-life of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is greater than 10 h.

[0031] In some implementations, the microcapsule encapsulation rate of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is greater than 70%.

[0032] In this invention, the fire extinguishing agent is preferably composed of the following raw materials: The contents are: 10% cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 5% perfluorohexanone / gelatin / gum arabic microcapsules, 8% alkyl glycosides, 1% xanthan gum, 2% carrageenan, 8% ethylene glycol, 8% diethylene glycol butyl ether, 2% sucrose, 0.5% sodium benzoate, 0.5% benzotriazole, 0.5% sodium EDTA, and the balance being phosphate buffer. Alternatively, the following formulation may be used: 10% cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 5% perfluorohexanone / urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules, 8% alkyl glycosides, 1% xanthan gum, 2% carrageenan, 8% ethylene glycol, 8% diethylene glycol butyl ether, 2% sucrose, 0.5% sodium benzoate, 0.5% benzotriazole, 0.5% sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, with the remainder being phosphate buffer.

[0033] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent, comprising: The surfactant, antibacterial agent, corrosion inhibitor, chelating agent and phosphate buffer are mixed evenly to obtain the first mixture solution; The foam stabilizer and the co-solvent are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture solution; The first mixture solution, the second mixture solution, and the phosphate buffer solution are mixed thoroughly, and the pH value is adjusted to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution. Microcapsules are added to the third mixture solution and dispersed evenly to obtain a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0034] In some embodiments, the preparation method specifically includes: mixing 3%~20% surfactant, 0.1%~0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2%~1% corrosion inhibitor, 0.2%~1% chelating agent and 40~60% phosphate buffer solution evenly to obtain a first mixture solution; Mix 1%~10% of the foam stabilizer with 5%~20% of the cosolvent to obtain a second mixture solution; Mix the first mixture solution, the second mixture solution, and 40-60% phosphate buffer solution until homogeneous, and adjust the pH value to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution; Add 3% to 20% of the microcapsules to the third mixture solution and disperse them evenly to obtain a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0035] In some implementations, the preparation temperature of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is 20~40℃.

[0036] In some implementations, the microcapsule comprises a microcapsule or a microcapsule solid.

[0037] In some embodiments, the microcapsules are prepared by complex coagulation or in-situ polymerization.

[0038] Furthermore, the co-coagulation method specifically includes: using gelatin and gum arabic as wall materials, emulsifying and dispersing perfluorohexanone in a gelatin solution, adding a gum arabic solution and adjusting the pH to the required pH value of the isoelectric point, so that the wall materials co-coagulate and encapsulate the perfluorohexanone, and obtaining the microcapsules after cross-linking and curing.

[0039] Preferably, the mass ratio of gelatin, gum arabic, and perfluorohexanone is 1~10:1~5:1~10.

[0040] Preferably, the crosslinking temperature is 20~40℃ and the time is 2~10h; Furthermore, the in-situ polymerization method specifically includes: using urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer as the wall material, emulsifying and dispersing perfluorohexanone, adding the urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer and adjusting the pH value to 2-4, so that the polymerization reaction is completed on the surface of the perfluorohexanone, and obtaining the microcapsules.

[0041] Preferably, the mass ratio of the urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer to perfluorohexanone is 1~3:1~5.

[0042] Preferably, the polymerization reaction is carried out at 50-60°C for 2-5 hours.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent specifically includes the following steps: The surfactant, antibacterial agent, corrosion inhibitor, and chelating agent are mixed to obtain a first mixture; the first mixture is dissolved in phosphate buffer and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a solution of the first mixture; The foam stabilizer and the cosolvent are mixed to obtain a second mixture; The second mixture is slowly mixed with the first mixture solution, and then phosphate buffer is added to adjust the pH to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution; Gelatin and gum arabic were weighed and dissolved separately in deionized water to obtain two wall material solutions. Perfluorohexanone (core material) was added to the gelatin solution and emulsified under high-speed shearing to form a uniform O / W emulsion. The gum arabic solution was slowly added to the emulsion and stirred until homogeneous. The pH of the system was adjusted with acetic acid solution. The system was cooled, and glutaraldehyde solution was added as a crosslinking agent, followed by stirring to crosslink and cure. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was filtered, and the microcapsule solids were washed with deionized water and ethanol. The microcapsule solids were then added to the third mixture solution to obtain the final microcapsule foam fire extinguishing agent.

[0044] A third aspect of the invention provides the application of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent in the field of fire extinguishing.

[0045] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions can be performed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available. Other unmentioned raw materials and instruments are all conventionally chosen and do not involve the core technical means of this invention.

[0047] Example 1 (1) 100 g cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 80 g alkyl glycoside, 80 g ethylene glycol, 80 g diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 g sodium benzoate, 5 g benzotriazole and 5 g sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 500 g phosphate buffer were slowly added to the reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 600 rpm.

[0048] (2) Mix 40 g xanthan gum, 20 g carrageenan and 20 g sucrose, then slowly add them to the reaction vessel, stir thoroughly, and then add phosphate buffer to 1000 g.

[0049] (3) Weigh 2g of gelatin and 2g of gum arabic, and dissolve them separately in 100mL of 50℃ deionized water to obtain two wall material solutions. Add 20g of perfluorohexanone (core material) to the gelatin solution and emulsify at 10000 rpm for 5 minutes to form a uniform O / W emulsion. Slowly add the gum arabic solution to the above emulsion and stir evenly. Adjust the pH of the system to 4.0 with 10% acetic acid solution. At this time, the gelatin and gum arabic undergo re-aggregation due to charge interaction and are deposited on the surface of the core material droplets. Cool the system to below 5℃, add 1mL of 25% glutaraldehyde solution as a crosslinking agent, and stir to crosslink and cure for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash the microcapsule solid with deionized water and ethanol, and dry in a vacuum drying oven at 40℃ for 12 hours to obtain white powder microcapsules with an average size of 50μm. Add 5% by mass of the microcapsule solid to the reaction vessel and stir for 1 hour.

[0050] Example 2 (1) 100 g cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 80 g alkyl glycoside, 80 g ethylene glycol, 80 g diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 g sodium benzoate, 5 g benzotriazole and 5 g sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 500 g phosphate buffer were slowly added to the reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 600 rpm.

[0051] (2) Mix 40 g xanthan gum, 20 g carrageenan and 20 g sucrose, then slowly add them to the reaction vessel, stir thoroughly, and then add phosphate buffer to 1000 g.

[0052] (3) Dissolve 15g of urea in 30mL of deionized water and adjust the pH to 8.5 with 10% NaOH solution. Slowly add 40mL of 37% formaldehyde solution while stirring, and react at 60℃ for 1 hour to obtain a transparent urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer solution. Add 20g of perfluorohexanone (core material) as the core material to 200mL of an aqueous solution containing 1% polyvinyl alcohol (dispersant), and emulsify at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes to form a stable emulsion. Slowly add the prepolymer solution dropwise to the emulsion while stirring slowly. Adjust the pH to 2.0 with 10% hydrochloric acid, raise the temperature to 55℃, and react for 2 hours to polymerize and solidify the urea-formaldehyde resin on the surface of the core material droplets. Cool, filter, wash, and dry to obtain urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules with an average size of 45μm. Add 5% by mass of the microcapsule solid to the reactor and stir for 1 hour.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: (1) 100 g cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 80 g alkyl glycoside, 80 g ethylene glycol, 80 g diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 g sodium benzoate, 5 g benzotriazole and 5 g sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 500 g phosphate buffer were slowly added to the reaction vessel and stirred at a speed of 600 rpm.

[0054] (2) Mix 40 g xanthan gum, 20 g carrageenan and 20 g sucrose, then slowly add them to the reaction vessel, stir thoroughly, and then add phosphate buffer to 1000 g.

[0055] (3) Add 5% perfluorohexanone by mass into the reactor and stir for 1 hour.

[0056] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: (1) 50 g cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, 120 g alkyl glycoside, 50 g sodium cocoyl alcohol polyether-30 sulfate, 80 g ethylene glycol, 80 g diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 g sodium benzoate, 5 g benzotriazole and 5 g sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and 500 g phosphate buffer were slowly added to the reaction vessel, and the stirring was started at a speed of 600 rpm.

[0057] (2) Mix 20 g xanthan gum, 20 g carrageenan and 20 g sucrose, then slowly add them to the reaction vessel, stir thoroughly, and then add phosphate buffer to 1000 g.

[0058] (3) Add 5% perfluorohexanone by mass into the reactor and stir for 1 hour.

[0059] The products of this invention were self-tested using the method in Appendix A of GB 15308-2006. The specific test results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 shows the performance test results of the fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of this invention.

[0060] Table 1. Performance test results of the fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present invention.

[0061] As shown in Table 1, the interaction of the components mentioned above results in an extinguishing agent with excellent foaming performance, foam stability, and extinguishing efficiency. Experimental results show that the surface tension of this extinguishing agent is 23-25 ​​mN / m; the expansion ratio is 2.5-38; it exhibits high foam stability, a foam half-life greater than 10 hours, and a 25% separation time greater than 30 minutes. In contrast, perfluorohexanone foam without microcapsules has a 25% separation time of <120 seconds and a foam half-life of <10 minutes. The microcapsules of this application also provide additional technical benefits: acting as a solid-phase reinforcing agent to enhance the foam stability of the foam system, far exceeding that of traditional fluorine-free foam extinguishing agents and foam systems with directly added perfluorohexanone.

[0062] Examples 3-6 Based on Example 1, the microcapsule size (5-50 μm) was varied by controlling the amount of perfluorohexanone added. Specifically, 20 g of perfluorohexanone was added for microcapsules of 50 μm, 15 g for 30 μm, 12 g for 20 μm, 8 g for 10 μm, and 4 g for 5 μm. All other parameters remained unchanged, resulting in Examples 3-6. The stability of the microcapsule foam extinguishing agent was then tested.

[0063] Table 2. Performance test results of the fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 1, 3-6 of this invention.

[0064] As can be seen from Table 2, 10~30μm is the optimal size range for the compounding of perfluorohexanone microcapsules with fluorine-free foam extinguishing agent matrix. At this size, the microcapsules will not cause defoaming due to being too small (e.g., 5μm), nor will they reduce the foaming and foam stability due to being too large (e.g., 50μm). At the same time, they can ensure the timely cracking of wall materials under high temperature fire and the uniformity of perfluorohexanone release. Overall, the 5~50μm perfluorohexanone microcapsules of this invention have excellent foaming performance, foam stability and fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0065] In addition, the inventors of this case also conducted experiments with other raw materials, process operations, and process conditions described in this specification, referring to the aforementioned embodiments, and obtained relatively ideal results in all cases.

[0066] Although the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various other changes, omissions, and / or additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that elements of the embodiments can be substituted with substantially equivalents. Furthermore, many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention. Therefore, this invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention, but rather is intended to encompass all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated otherwise, any use of the terms first, second, etc., does not indicate any order or importance, but is used to distinguish one element from another.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it includes 3%~20% surfactant, 1%~10% foam stabilizer, 3%~20% microcapsule, 5%~20% solubilizer, 0.1%~0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2%~1% chelating agent, 0.2%~1% corrosion inhibitor, and the balance is buffer solution; The microcapsule comprises a core material and a wall material covering the core material; the wall material comprises a thermoresponsive polymer material, and the core material comprises perfluorohexanone.

2. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent contains 3-20 wt% microcapsule solids; And / or, the surfactant comprises one or more combinations of C9-C11 alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium cocoyl alcohol polyether-30 sulfate, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine acetone, and alkyl polyglycosides; And / or, the foam stabilizer comprises one or more combinations of nanocellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and guar gum; And / or, the cosolvent includes one or more combinations of diethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol, C12-C14 fatty alcohols, and sucrose; And / or, the corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole; And / or, the antibacterial agent includes sodium benzoate; And / or, the chelating agent includes sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; And / or, the buffer solution includes at least one of phosphate buffer and sodium citrate buffer.

3. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the microcapsules is 5~50μm; And / or, the cosolvent includes a combination of sucrose, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and ethylene glycol; And / or, the foam stabilizer comprises a combination of carrageenan and xanthan gum.

4. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thermoresponsive polymer material includes at least one of gelatin-gum arabic, urea-formaldehyde resin, sodium alginate, melamine resin, polyurea, polymethyl methacrylate, and polylactic acid; And / or, the diameter of the microcapsules is 10~30μm; And / or, the melting temperature of the wall material is 50~150℃; And / or, the mass ratio of sucrose, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and ethylene glycol is 1~10:1~10:1~10; And / or, the mass ratio of carrageenan to xanthan gum is 1~5:1~5.

5. The gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface tension of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is 23~25.5 mN / m; And / or, the foam half-life of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is greater than 10 hours; And / or, the microcapsule encapsulation rate of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent is greater than 70%.

6. The method for preparing the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The surfactant, antibacterial agent, corrosion inhibitor, chelating agent and phosphate buffer are mixed evenly to obtain the first mixture solution; The foam stabilizer and the co-solvent are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture solution; The first mixture solution, the second mixture solution, and the phosphate buffer solution are mixed thoroughly, and the pH value is adjusted to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution. Microcapsules are added to the third mixture solution and dispersed evenly to obtain a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Mix 3%~20% surfactant, 0.1%~0.5% antibacterial agent, 0.2%~1% corrosion inhibitor, 0.2%~1% chelating agent and 40~60% phosphate buffer solution evenly to obtain the first mixture solution; Mix 1%~10% of the foam stabilizer with 5%~20% of the cosolvent to obtain a second mixture solution; Mix the first mixture solution, the second mixture solution, and 40-60% phosphate buffer solution until homogeneous, and adjust the pH value to neutral to obtain the third mixture solution; Add 3% to 20% of the microcapsules to the third mixture solution and disperse them evenly to obtain a gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation temperature of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam fire extinguishing agent is 20~40℃; And / or, the microcapsules are prepared by complex coagulation or in-situ polymerization.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The co-coagulation method specifically includes: using gelatin and gum arabic as wall materials, emulsifying and dispersing perfluorohexanone in a gelatin solution, adding gum arabic solution and adjusting the pH to the pH value required for the isoelectric point, so that the wall materials co-coagulate and encapsulate perfluorohexanone, and obtaining the microcapsules after cross-linking and curing; Preferably, the mass ratio of gelatin, gum arabic, and perfluorohexanone is 1~10:1~5:1~10; Preferably, the crosslinking temperature is 20~40℃ and the time is 2~10h; And / or, the in-situ polymerization method specifically includes: using urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer as wall material, emulsifying and dispersing perfluorohexanone, adding the urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer and adjusting the pH value to 2-4, so that the polymerization reaction is completed on the surface of the perfluorohexanone, and obtaining the microcapsules; Preferably, the mass ratio of the urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer to perfluorohexanone is 1~3:1~5; Preferably, the polymerization reaction is carried out at 50-60°C for 2-5 hours.

10. The application of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-5 in the field of fire extinguishing.

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