A fire extinguishing composition

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing technology, specifically to a fire extinguishing composition. The raw materials for preparation include the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of a first surfactant, 2-4 parts of a second surfactant, 1-2 parts of a third surfactant, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3-0.5 parts of xanthan gum, 3-5 parts of modified SiO2, and 80-110 parts of water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing technology, and specifically to a fire extinguishing composition. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial production and urban construction, fire risk scenarios are constantly increasing, placing higher demands on the fire extinguishing performance of fire extinguishing agents. Currently, mainstream fire extinguishing agents all have varying degrees of technical defects: Halon-based fire extinguishing agents, although fast-extinguishing, severely damage the atmospheric ozone layer; dry powder fire extinguishing agents have a wide range of applications, but leave significant dust residue after extinguishing and are prone to moisture absorption and clumping; traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents suffer from low fire extinguishing efficiency and poor scene adaptability; foam fire extinguishing agents have problems such as poor foam stability, slow fire extinguishing speed, and insufficient resistance to reignition. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a fire extinguishing composition.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A fire extinguishing composition, the raw materials for which are prepared include the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of a first surfactant, 2-4 parts of a second surfactant, 1-2 parts of a third surfactant, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3-0.5 parts of xanthan gum, 3-5 parts of modified SiO2, and 80-110 parts of water.

[0005] Furthermore, the first surfactant is an anionic surfactant, preferably either sodium lauryl ether sulfate or sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.

[0006] Furthermore, the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant, preferably either alkylamidopropyl dimethyl betaine or cocamidopropyl betaine.

[0007] Furthermore, the third surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant or anionic surfactant that is different from the first surfactant and the second surfactant, preferably any one of octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine or sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for preparing the modified SiO2 includes the following steps: (1) Take nano-SiO2 and add it to anhydrous ethanol, disperse it by ultrasonication, adjust the pH value to 4 with hydrochloric acid solution, add 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, stir and disperse, stir and react at 80℃ for 3-4 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 15-20 min, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol, and dry it under vacuum to obtain SiO2 chloride. (2) Melamine (MA) was added to toluene to obtain a melamine dispersion. The SiO2 chloride obtained in step (1) was dispersed in toluene to obtain a SiO2 dispersion. The SiO2 dispersion was added to the melamine dispersion, and triethylamine was added dropwise under stirring. The reaction was carried out at 100°C for 48 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol and dried under vacuum to obtain MA-SiO2. (3) Dissolve salicylaldehyde in ethyl acetate, add triethylamine, and under a nitrogen atmosphere, add phenylphosphodichloro(PPDC) dropwise at 0-5℃. Continue to maintain at 0-5℃ for 1 h, react at 25℃ for 48 h, filter, wash the filtrate with 2 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution and deionized water, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, remove the solvent by rotary evaporation, and dry under vacuum to obtain salicylaldehyde-PPDC. (4) Take the salicylaldehyde-PPDC obtained in step (3) and mix it in DMF to obtain a salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution. Take the MA-SiO2 obtained in step (2) and mix it in DMF. Add the salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution dropwise to it and react at 80℃ for 6-8 h. Add 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and react at 80℃ for 8 h. Cool, filter, wash the filter cake with DMF and ethanol, and dry it under vacuum to obtain modified SiO2.

[0009] Furthermore, in step (1), the particle size of the nano-SiO2 is preferably 40-50 nm.

[0010] Further, in step (1), the mass concentration of the nano-SiO2 in anhydrous ethanol is 15-20 mg / mL.

[0011] Further, in step (1), the ratio of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to nano-SiO2 is 1 g: 1-1.5 mL.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass concentration of melamine in toluene is 4-6 mg / mL.

[0013] Further, in step (2), the mass concentration of SiO2 chloride in toluene is 5 mg / mL.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass ratio of melamine to SiO2 chloride is 1-1.2:1.

[0015] Further, in step (2), the ratio of SiO2 chloride to triethylamine is 1 g: 1.2-1.5 mL.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the molar ratio of salicylaldehyde, triethylamine and phenylphosphodichloro is 2:2.4:1.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the molar concentration of salicylaldehyde in ethyl acetate is 0.5 mmol / mL.

[0018] Further, in step (4), the mass concentration of salicylaldehyde-PPDC in DMF is 30-40 mg / mL.

[0019] Further, in step (4), the mass concentration of MA-SiO2 in DMF is 20 mg / mL.

[0020] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of MA-SiO2, salicylaldehyde-PPDC and DOPO is 2:1.5-2:1.5-2.

[0021] Furthermore, the preparation method of the fire extinguishing composition includes the following steps: heating water to 70-80°C, adding a first surfactant, a second surfactant and a third surfactant in sequence, adding calcium chloride, cooling to room temperature, adding a thickener, and then adding modified SiO2, dispersing evenly to obtain the fire extinguishing composition.

[0022] Furthermore, after adding one component and before adding the next, the resulting mixture is stirred at 400-600 rpm for 30 min.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a fire extinguishing composition in which the components work synergistically to exhibit extremely rapid fire extinguishing speed. This invention prepares modified SiO2 by grafting nano-SiO2 with a silane coupling agent, introducing chloropropyl groups onto its surface, and subsequently reacting it with the amino groups of melamine to obtain MA-SiO2, which incorporates melamine groups. The unreacted amino groups in melamine provide a basis for subsequent reactions. This invention utilizes the reaction of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of salicylaldehyde with the phosphoryl chloride groups of PPDC to obtain salicylaldehyde-PPDC, containing the aldehyde group of salicylaldehyde. The aldehyde group of salicylaldehyde-PPDC reacts with the amino group of MA-SiO2 to form a Schiff base bond, followed by the addition of DOPO and reaction with the Schiff base to obtain modified SiO2. The composition of this invention can spread and form a uniform and stable coating film on the surface of combustible materials. The phosphorus and nitrogen-containing groups grafted onto the modified SiO2 surface, the thickening effect of xanthan gum, and the synergistic effect of calcium chloride jointly enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the liquid film, effectively inhibiting the volatilization of flammable liquids, isolating oxygen, and preventing flame reignition. This invention modifies nano-SiO2 by grafting phosphorus and nitrogen-containing flame-retardant elements. The modified SiO2 can act as a physical barrier covering the fuel surface. The phosphorus and nitrogen elements in it can release non-combustible gases at high temperatures, diluting the concentration of oxygen and combustible gases. At the same time, phosphorus compounds can promote rapid dehydration and carbonization of the fuel surface, forming a solid char layer. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This describes the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing composition described in this invention. Figure 2 This demonstrates the fire extinguishing composition's ability to prevent reignition. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, this invention is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents involved in this invention are purchased through commercial channels.

[0026] Example 1: A fire extinguishing composition, the raw materials of which include the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 4 parts alkylamidopropyl dimethyl betaine, 2 parts octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, 1.2 parts calcium chloride, 0.5 parts xanthan gum, 5 parts modified SiO2, and 110 parts water.

[0027] The preparation method of modified SiO2 includes the following steps: (1) Nano-SiO2 was added to anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically dispersed, and the pH was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid solution. 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane was added, stirred and dispersed, and reacted at 80℃ for 4 h. After centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 20 min, the precipitate was washed with anhydrous ethanol and vacuum dried to obtain chloride SiO2. The particle size of nano-SiO2 was 50 nm. The mass concentration of nano-SiO2 in anhydrous ethanol was 20 mg / mL. The ratio of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to nano-SiO2 was 1 g: 1.5 mL. (2) Add MA to toluene to obtain melamine dispersion. Disperse SiO2 chloride obtained in step (1) in toluene to obtain SiO2 dispersion. Add SiO2 dispersion to melamine dispersion. Add triethylamine dropwise while stirring. React at 100℃ for 48 h. Filter by suction. Wash the filter cake with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol. Dry under vacuum to obtain MA-SiO2. The mass concentration of melamine in toluene is 6 mg / mL. The mass concentration of SiO2 chloride in toluene is 5 mg / mL. The mass ratio of melamine to SiO2 chloride is 1.2:1. The ratio of SiO2 chloride to triethylamine is 1 g:1.5 mL. (3) Salicylic aldehyde was dissolved in ethyl acetate, triethylamine was added, and PPDC was added dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere at 5°C. The mixture was kept at 5°C for 1 h, and then reacted at 25°C for 48 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was washed with 2 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution and deionized water. The solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the solution was dried under vacuum to obtain salicylic aldehyde-PPDC. The molar ratio of salicylic aldehyde, triethylamine and phenylphosphine dichloride was 2:2.4:1. The molar concentration of salicylic aldehyde in ethyl acetate was 0.5 mmol / mL. (4) Take the salicylaldehyde-PPDC obtained in step (3) and add it to DMF and mix well to obtain salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution. Take the MA-SiO2 obtained in step (2) and add it to DMF and disperse it evenly. Add salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution dropwise to it and react at 80℃ for 8 h. Add DOPO and react at 80℃ for 8 h. Cool, filter, wash the filter cake with DMF and ethanol, and dry it under vacuum to obtain modified SiO2. The mass concentration of salicylaldehyde-PPDC in DMF is 40 mg / mL. The mass concentration of MA-SiO2 in DMF is 20 mg / mL. The mass ratio of MA-SiO2, salicylaldehyde-PPDC and DOPO is 2:2:2.

[0028] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing composition includes the following steps: heating water to 80°C, adding a first surfactant, a second surfactant and a third surfactant in sequence, adding calcium chloride, cooling to room temperature, adding a thickener, adding modified SiO2, dispersing evenly to obtain the fire extinguishing composition; after adding one component and before adding the next component, stirring the obtained mixture at 600 rpm for 30 min.

[0029] Example 2: A fire extinguishing composition, the raw materials of which include the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, 2 parts of cocamidopropyl betaine, 1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.8 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3 parts of xanthan gum, 3 parts of modified SiO2, and 80 parts of water.

[0030] The preparation method of modified SiO2 includes the following steps: (1) Nano-SiO2 was added to anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically dispersed, and the pH was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid solution. 3-Chloropropyltrimethoxysilane was added, stirred and dispersed, and stirred at 80℃ for 3 h. After centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 15 min, the precipitate was washed with anhydrous ethanol and vacuum dried to obtain chloride SiO2. The particle size of nano-SiO2 was 40 nm. The mass concentration of nano-SiO2 in anhydrous ethanol was 15 mg / mL. The ratio of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to nano-SiO2 was 1 g: 1 mL. (2) Add MA to toluene to obtain melamine dispersion. Disperse SiO2 chloride obtained in step (1) in toluene to obtain SiO2 dispersion. Add SiO2 dispersion to melamine dispersion. Add triethylamine dropwise while stirring. React at 100℃ for 48 h. Filter by suction. Wash the filter cake with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol. Dry under vacuum to obtain MA-SiO2. The mass concentration of melamine in toluene is 4 mg / mL. The mass concentration of SiO2 chloride in toluene is 5 mg / mL. The mass ratio of melamine to SiO2 chloride is 1:1. The ratio of SiO2 chloride to triethylamine is 1 g:1.2 mL. (3) Salicylic aldehyde was dissolved in ethyl acetate, triethylamine was added, and PPDC was added dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0°C. The mixture was kept at 0-5°C for 1 h, and then reacted at 25°C for 48 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was washed with 2 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution and deionized water. The solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the solution was dried under vacuum to obtain salicylic aldehyde-PPDC. The molar ratio of salicylic aldehyde, triethylamine and phenylphosphine dichloride was 2:2.4:1. The molar concentration of salicylic aldehyde in ethyl acetate was 0.5 mmol / mL. (4) Take the salicylaldehyde-PPDC obtained in step (3) and add it to DMF and mix well to obtain salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution. Take the MA-SiO2 obtained in step (2) and add it to DMF and disperse it evenly. Add salicylaldehyde-PPDC solution dropwise to it and react at 80℃ for 6 h. Add DOPO and react at 80℃ for 8 h. Cool, filter, wash the filter cake with DMF and ethanol, and dry it under vacuum to obtain modified SiO2. The mass concentration of salicylaldehyde-PPDC in DMF is 30 mg / mL. The mass concentration of MA-SiO2 in DMF is 20 mg / mL. The mass ratio of MA-SiO2, salicylaldehyde-PPDC and DOPO is 2:1.5:1.5.

[0031] The method for preparing the fire extinguishing composition includes the following steps: heating water to 70°C, adding a first surfactant, a second surfactant and a third surfactant in sequence, adding calcium chloride, cooling to room temperature, adding a thickener, adding modified SiO2, dispersing evenly to obtain the fire extinguishing composition; after adding one component and before adding the next component, stirring the obtained mixture at 400 rpm for 30 min.

[0032] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that nano-SiO2 is used instead of modified SiO2.

[0033] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that modified SiO2 is replaced with chlorinated SiO2.

[0034] The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that MA-SiO2 is used instead of modified SiO2.

[0035] Experiment Example 1: A gasoline fire extinguishing experiment was conducted. After the gasoline combustion stabilized, the extinguishing compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sprayed onto the flames, and the extinguishing time for each group was recorded. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] Figure 1 The results showed that the extinguishing speed of Examples 1-2 was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the extinguishing composition prepared by the present invention can extinguish fires quickly.

[0037] Experiment Example 2: After the fire extinguishing experiment, the resistance to reignition was tested. When 25% of the area was ignited, the burning time was recorded, and the results are as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0038] Figure 2 The results showed that the fire resistance time of Examples 1-2 was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has a good flame retardant effect.

[0039] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing composition characterised in that, The raw materials for preparation include the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of the first surfactant, 2-4 parts of the second surfactant, 1-2 parts of the third surfactant, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.3-0.5 parts of xanthan gum, 3-5 parts of modified SiO2, and 80-110 parts of water; The preparation method of modified SiO2 includes the following steps: (1) Nano-SiO2 was modified by adding 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to obtain chloride SiO2; (2) Melamine was reacted with the SiO2 chloride obtained in step (1) to obtain MA-SiO2; (3) Salicylaldehyde was reacted with phenylphosphoryl dichloride in the presence of triethylamine to obtain salicylaldehyde-PPDC; (4) Take the salicylaldehyde-PPDC obtained in step (3) and react it with the MA-SiO2 obtained in step (2), add DOPO to react, and obtain modified SiO2.

2. The fire extinguishing composition of claim 1, wherein, The first surfactant is an anionic surfactant, the second surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant, and the third surfactant is either an amphoteric surfactant or an anionic surfactant.

3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of the nano-SiO2 is 40-50 nm.

4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the ratio of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to nano-SiO2 is 1 g: 1-1.5 mL.

5. The fire extinguishing composition of claim 4, wherein, In step (2), the mass ratio of melamine to SiO2 chloride is 1-1.2:

1.

6. The fire extinguishing composition of claim 5, wherein, In step (3), the molar ratio of salicylaldehyde, triethylamine and phenylphosphodichloro is 2:2.4:

1.

7. The fire extinguishing composition of claim 6, wherein, In step (4), the mass ratio of MA-SiO2, salicylaldehyde-PPDC and DOPO is 2:1.5-2:1.5-2.

8. A process for the preparation of a fire extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that, Includes the following steps: Water is heated, and the components are added sequentially to obtain a fire extinguishing composition.

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