A method for determining the speed of a target projectile in a short-range equivalent long-range shooting test

Abstract

The present application belongs to the terminal ballistic test technical field, especially relates to a kind of near equivalent long-range shooting test target speed determination method of shooting, comprising the following steps: S1: the ballistic parameter and distance parameter of test projectile body are acquired, and initial parameter set is generated;S2: attenuation distance is calculated based on initial parameter set, reference ballistic function value is obtained by inquiring ballistic function table, and intermediate parameter set is generated;S3: velocity attenuation characteristic quantity is calculated based on intermediate parameter set, reference ballistic function value is operated with velocity attenuation characteristic quantity, and equivalent ballistic function value is generated;S4: equivalent ballistic function value is inquired based on ballistic function table, and the test projectile velocity of near shooting is determined.The method realizes the accurate determination of the test target speed of near shooting equivalent long-range shooting, and has the advantages of convenient operation, wide applicability, low cost and strong practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of endpoint ballistic testing technology, and particularly relates to a method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of ballistic testing, to verify the performance of ammunition or weapon systems, it is usually necessary to conduct firing tests at a specified test distance and measure the projectile velocity upon impact. However, in actual testing scenarios, due to factors such as site limitations, safety requirements, or equipment conditions, it is often difficult to conduct firing tests at the complete test distance.

[0003] In existing technologies, close-range shooting is often used instead of long-range shooting, and the target velocity is estimated using empirical formulas or simplified models. However, this method has the following problems: First, empirical formulas lack precise ballistic parameters, resulting in large estimation errors; second, simplified models do not consider the combined effects of ballistic attenuation characteristics and environmental factors, leading to inaccurate determination of the equivalent velocity; and third, the ballistic characteristics of different ammunition types vary greatly, making it difficult for existing methods to achieve adaptive adaptation to different ammunition types.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to determine the projectile velocity of a target in close-range equivalent long-range shooting tests. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test, in order to solve the aforementioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test includes: S1: Obtain the ballistic and range parameters of the test projectile, generate an initial parameter set, and input it into the computer; S2: Based on the initial parameter set, the attenuation distance is obtained by computer calculation, the reference ballistic function value is obtained by computer querying the ballistic function table, and an intermediate parameter set is generated; S3: Based on the intermediate parameter set, the bullet velocity decay characteristic is calculated using a computer-preset calculation formula. The reference ballistic function value and the bullet velocity decay characteristic are then used to generate an equivalent ballistic function value. S4: Based on the equivalent ballistic function value, query the ballistic function table to determine the test bullet velocity for close-range shooting. If the computer can directly read the data during the test bullet velocity determination process, the velocity is confirmed as the test bullet velocity. If there is no matching data, the computer calculates the test bullet velocity by linear interpolation of the function value difference and the corresponding velocity value.

[0007] Further, step S1 includes: S11: Obtain the corresponding ballistic coefficient based on the type of test ammunition; S12: Obtain the test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the muzzle of the standard bullet velocity measuring point according to the test technical requirements; S13: Organize the ballistic coefficient, test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle to generate an initial parameter set.

[0008] Further, step S2 includes: S21: Extract the test distance and the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the initial parameter set; S22: Subtract the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the test distance, and then subtract the preset distance between the measuring point and the sample to obtain the attenuation distance; S23: Extract the standard projectile velocity from the initial parameter set, find the ballistic function value corresponding to the standard projectile velocity in the ballistic function table, and obtain the reference ballistic function value; S24: Correlate the attenuation distance, the baseline ballistic function value, and the ballistic coefficient to generate an intermediate parameter set.

[0009] Further, step S23 includes: S231: Compare the standard projectile velocity with each value in the velocity column of the ballistic function table; S232: When the comparison results are equal, the ballistic function value corresponding to the equal value is read as the reference ballistic function value; S233: When the comparison results are not equal, select two velocity values ​​adjacent to the standard ballistic velocity in the velocity column of the ballistic function table, read the corresponding ballistic function values, and calculate the reference ballistic function value based on the velocity difference and the corresponding ballistic function value using linear interpolation.

[0010] Further, step S3 includes: S31: Extract the reference ballistic function value, attenuation distance, and ballistic coefficient from the intermediate parameter set; S32: Introducing ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and environmental compensation parameter, combining attenuation distance, ballistic coefficient, ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and environmental compensation parameter to obtain ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic quantity; S33: Add the baseline ballistic function value to the ballistic velocity decay characteristic to obtain the equivalent ballistic function value.

[0011] Further, step S4 includes: S41: Compare the equivalent ballistic function value with each value in the function value column of the ballistic function table item by item; S42: When there are equal values ​​in the comparison results, read the velocity value corresponding to the equal value as the test projectile velocity; S43: When the comparison results are not equal, select two ballistic function values ​​adjacent to the equivalent ballistic function value in the function value column of the ballistic function table, read the corresponding velocity values, and calculate the test projectile velocity based on the difference in function values ​​and the corresponding velocity values ​​using linear interpolation.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention provides a method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range firing test. This method establishes a complete computational link from an initial parameter set and intermediate parameter set to the equivalent ballistic function value, achieving precise determination of the impact velocity and improving the accuracy of equivalent velocity determination. It provides parameter verification steps and an iterative optimization mechanism to ensure the test projectile velocity meets technical requirements, forming a closed-loop feedback control. A mapping table between projectile type and correction coefficients is established, enabling adaptive parameter adaptation for different projectile types and improving the method's applicability. Using this method for close-range equivalent long-range firing tests reduces test site requirements and costs, while improving test efficiency and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the experimental principle of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the ballistic parameters and range parameters of the test projectile and generate an initial parameter set.

[0016] In this embodiment, the test projectile was a 1953-type 7.62mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile. The corresponding ballistic coefficient, which characterizes the projectile's air resistance during flight, was obtained from relevant standards or technical documents based on the type of test projectile.

[0017] like Figure 2 As shown, a schematic diagram illustrating the equivalent speeds at long and short distances is presented, where l11 l 21 l 31 These correspond to the inspection distance, the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle, and the attenuation distance, respectively; 12 l 22 l 32 The corresponding laboratories are arranged in close proximity.

[0018] According to the test technical requirements, the test distance, standard bullet velocity, and the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle are obtained. The test distance is the specified shooting test distance, the standard bullet velocity is the standard target impact velocity range of this type of bullet at the test distance, and the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle is the distance between the velocity measuring device and the installation position of the muzzle.

[0019] The ballistic coefficient, test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle are organized into parameters to generate an initial parameter set, which serves as the input basis for subsequent calculations. The initial parameter set data is input into the computer as preset data.

[0020] Step S1 specifically includes: S11: Obtain the corresponding ballistic coefficient from relevant standards or technical documents based on the type of test projectile. Different projectile types have different aerodynamic shapes and mass characteristics, corresponding to different ballistic coefficient values.

[0021] S12: Obtain the test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from relevant standards or technical documents according to the test technical requirements. These parameters are determined by the test technical specifications and are used to define the standard test conditions and the installation location of the velocity measuring equipment.

[0022] S13: Organize the ballistic coefficient, test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle to generate an initial parameter set. The initial parameter set serves as input data for the method execution, providing necessary parameter support for subsequent steps.

[0023] Step S2: Based on the initial parameter set, the attenuation distance is calculated by computer, the baseline ballistic function value is obtained by querying the ballistic function table, and an intermediate parameter set is generated.

[0024] In this embodiment, the test distance and the distance from the standard projectile velocity measuring point to the muzzle are extracted from the initial parameter set, and the attenuation distance is calculated. The attenuation distance represents the difference in flight distance of the projectile from the velocity measuring point to the point of impact, and is a key parameter for calculating projectile velocity attenuation.

[0025] Retrieve the baseline ballistic function value from the ballistic function table. The ballistic function table is a pre-established table of ballistic parameters that records the corresponding ballistic function values ​​at different velocities. The baseline ballistic function value corresponds to the ballistic function value at a standard projectile velocity and serves as the benchmark for equivalent calculations.

[0026] By correlating the attenuation distance, the baseline ballistic function value, and the ballistic coefficient, an intermediate parameter set is generated, providing parameter input for subsequent calculation of the ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic.

[0027] Step S2 specifically includes: S21: Extract the test distance and the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the initial parameter set. The above distance parameters are the basic inputs for attenuation distance calculation.

[0028] S22: Subtract the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the test distance, and then subtract the preset distance between the measuring point and the sample to obtain the attenuation distance. The preset distance between the measuring point and the sample is the fixed installation distance between the velocity measuring equipment and the test sample, and this distance value is determined by the configuration of the test equipment. The formula for calculating the attenuation distance is: d 衰减 =l 11 -l 21 -l 预设 ;

[0029] Where, d 衰减 For the attenuation distance, l 11 To test the distance, l 21 The distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle, l 预设 This is the preset distance between the velocity measurement point and the sample. In this embodiment, l 11 =100 meters, l 21 =25 meters, l 预设 =0 meters (assuming the velocity measurement point is located in front of the sample), then the attenuation distance d 衰减 =100-25-0=75 meters.

[0030] S23: Extract the standard projectile velocity from the initial parameter set, and find the corresponding ballistic function value in the ballistic function table to obtain the baseline ballistic function value. The ballistic function table includes the main function table of Siache, and other applicable ballistic function tables can also be used in specific implementations. The table records the velocity column and the corresponding ballistic function value column.

[0031] Step S23 further includes: S231: Compare the standard projectile velocity with each value in the velocity column of the ballistic function table to determine if there is an exact match.

[0032] S232: When there are equal values ​​in the comparison results, that is, when there is a value in the velocity column of the ballistic function table that is exactly equal to the standard ballistic velocity, the ballistic function value corresponding to the equal value is directly read as the reference ballistic function value.

[0033] S233: When the comparison results are all unequal, that is, when there is no value in the velocity column of the ballistic function table that is exactly equal to the standard ballistic velocity, select two velocity values ​​adjacent to the standard ballistic velocity in the velocity column, read the corresponding ballistic function values, and perform linear interpolation to calculate and generate the baseline ballistic function value based on the velocity difference and the corresponding ballistic function value. The calculation formula for linear interpolation is: ;

[0034] Among them, F 基准 As the baseline ballistic function value, v 标准 The standard projectile velocity is represented by v1 and v2, which are two adjacent velocity values, and F1 and F2 are the corresponding ballistic function values.

[0035] S24: Correlate the attenuation distance, the baseline ballistic function value, and the ballistic coefficients to generate an intermediate parameter set. This intermediate parameter set provides the necessary calculation parameters for subsequent steps.

[0036] Step S3: Calculate the bullet velocity decay characteristic based on the intermediate parameter set using a computer-preset calculation formula, and perform calculations between the baseline ballistic function value and the bullet velocity decay characteristic to generate an equivalent ballistic function value.

[0037] In this embodiment, the baseline ballistic function value, attenuation distance, and ballistic coefficient are extracted from the intermediate parameter set. A ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and environmental compensation parameters are introduced, and combined calculations are performed to obtain the ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic quantity.

[0038] The ballistic attenuation correction factor is used to correct the deviation between the theoretical calculation value of the ballistic coefficient and the actual flight characteristics, while the environmental compensation parameter is used to compensate for the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, and humidity on the ballistic trajectory.

[0039] The equivalent ballistic function value is obtained by adding the baseline ballistic function value to the projectile velocity decay characteristic. The equivalent ballistic function value represents the ballistic function value equivalent to long-range shooting under close-range shooting conditions, and is a key intermediate parameter for determining the test projectile velocity.

[0040] Step S3 specifically includes: S31: Extract the baseline ballistic function value, attenuation distance, and ballistic coefficient from the intermediate parameter set. These parameters are the basic inputs for calculating the ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic.

[0041] S32: By introducing a ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and an environmental compensation parameter, the attenuation distance, ballistic coefficient, ballistic attenuation correction coefficient, and environmental compensation parameter are combined and calculated to obtain the ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic. The formula for calculating the ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic is as follows: ;

[0042] Where ΔF is the characteristic quantity of bullet velocity decay, d 衰减Where α is the attenuation distance, C is the ballistic coefficient, α is the ballistic attenuation correction coefficient, and β is the environmental compensation parameter.

[0043] The ballistic attenuation correction factor α is used to correct the deviation between the theoretical value of the ballistic coefficient and the actual flight characteristics of the projectile. Since the ballistic coefficient is determined by the projectile's mass, cross-sectional area, and shape coefficient, deviations exist between the theoretical value and the actual flight characteristics due to factors such as projectile manufacturing errors and rotational stability. α corrects for these deviations. The value of α is obtained by consulting a mapping table between projectile type and ballistic attenuation correction factor. This mapping table is pre-established based on a comparative analysis of measured and theoretical ballistic data for each projectile type, recording the correction factor values ​​corresponding to different projectile types. For the 1953 7.62mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile, the value of α is determined by referring to the corresponding entry in the mapping table. Under standard conditions, when the theoretical ballistic coefficient matches the actual flight characteristics well, the value of α approaches 1; when deviations exist, the value of α is adjusted accordingly.

[0044] The environmental compensation parameter β is used to compensate for the impact of deviations between actual test environmental conditions and standard ballistic meteorological conditions on projectile velocity decay. Standard ballistic meteorological conditions are: standard air temperature 15℃, standard air pressure 750 mmHg, and relative humidity 50%. The value of β is calculated based on the deviations between the measured environmental parameters and the aforementioned standard meteorological parameters, using ballistic meteorological correction formulas or correction coefficient tables. Specifically, temperature deviation affects air density, thus affecting air resistance; air pressure deviation directly affects air density; and humidity deviation has a secondary effect on air density. β comprehensively reflects the combined correction amount of these environmental factors on projectile velocity decay. Under standard meteorological conditions, β is set to 1; when the actual environment deviates from the standard conditions, β is adjusted accordingly based on the deviation, with a larger deviation resulting in a greater deviation of β from 1.

[0045] S33: The equivalent ballistic function value is obtained by adding the baseline ballistic function value and the velocity decay characteristic. The formula for calculating the equivalent ballistic function value is: F 等效 =F 基准 +△F;

[0046] Among them, F 等效 For the equivalent ballistic function value, F 基准 ΔF is the baseline ballistic function value, and ΔF is the characteristic quantity of projectile velocity decay.

[0047] Step S4: Based on the equivalent ballistic function value, query the ballistic function table to determine the test bullet velocity for close-range shooting. If the computer can directly read the data during the test bullet velocity determination process, the velocity is confirmed as the test bullet velocity. If there is no matching data, the computer calculates the test bullet velocity by linear interpolation of the function value difference and the corresponding velocity value.

[0048] In this embodiment, the equivalent ballistic function value is compared with each value in the function value column of the ballistic function table to find the corresponding velocity value as the test projectile velocity. The test projectile velocity is the target impact velocity value equivalent to the standard projectile velocity at long range under close-range shooting conditions.

[0049] Step S4 specifically includes: S41: Compare the equivalent ballistic function value with each value in the function value column of the ballistic function table to determine if there is an exact match.

[0050] S42: When there are equal values ​​in the comparison results, that is, there is a value in the function value column of the ballistic function table that is completely equal to the equivalent ballistic function value, the velocity value corresponding to the equal value is directly read as the test projectile velocity.

[0051] S43: When the comparison results are all unequal, that is, when there is no value in the function value column of the ballistic function table that is exactly equal to the equivalent ballistic function value, select two ballistic function values ​​adjacent to the equivalent ballistic function value in the function value column, read the corresponding velocity values, and calculate the test projectile velocity based on the difference in function values ​​and the corresponding velocity values ​​using linear interpolation. The calculation formula for linear interpolation is: ;

[0052] Among them, v 试验 To test the bullet velocity, F 等效 F1 and F2 are the equivalent ballistic function values, and v1 and v2 are the corresponding velocity values.

[0053] It also includes parameter adaptation methods for different types of ammunition: S6: Establish a mapping table between projectile type and ballistic attenuation correction coefficient; S61: For each type of projectile, based on the ballistic parameters of the corresponding projectile in the ballistic function table, the calculation process from S2 to S4 is executed under multiple different test distance conditions to obtain the theoretical target velocity at each test distance. S62: Based on the variation law of theoretical target velocity with distance at various test distances, the ballistic attenuation correction coefficient is fitted and solved. The obtained ballistic attenuation correction coefficient is mapped to the corresponding projectile type and written into the mapping table. S63: Based on the test projectile type, query the mapping table to obtain the corresponding ballistic attenuation correction coefficient, which is then applied to the calculation of the projectile velocity attenuation characteristic quantity in S3. S64: Based on the ballistic attenuation correction coefficient already calibrated in the mapping table, set multiple commonly used test distances for the same type of projectile, execute the calculation process from S2 to S4 respectively, and generate a reference projectile velocity range table for the projectile at each commonly used test distance.

[0054] Step S64 includes: S641: For the same type of ammunition, set multiple commonly used inspection distance sequences; S642: For each commonly used test distance, with the upper and lower limits of the standard bullet velocity as inputs, execute the calculation process from S2 to S4 to obtain the corresponding upper and lower limits of the test bullet velocity respectively. S643: Link and store the ammunition type, each commonly used test distance, and the corresponding upper and lower limits of the test ammunition velocity to generate a table of commonly used distance reference velocity ranges for that ammunition type; S644: In subsequent tests, the reference velocity range for commonly used distances can be obtained directly by consulting the common distance reference velocity range table based on the type of ammunition and the actual test distance.

[0055] This invention establishes a complete logical chain through the above steps: parameter set → attenuation distance + reference ballistic function value → projectile velocity attenuation characteristic + equivalent ballistic function value → test projectile velocity. This enables the accurate determination of the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range shooting test equivalent to a long-range shooting test. This method improves the accuracy and applicability of equivalent projectile velocity determination, reduces the requirements and costs of the testing site, and has high practical value.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the ballistic and range parameters of the test projectile, generate an initial parameter set, and input it into the computer; S2: Based on the initial parameter set, the attenuation distance is obtained by computer calculation, the reference ballistic function value is obtained by computer querying the ballistic function table, and an intermediate parameter set is generated; S3: Based on the intermediate parameter set, the bullet velocity decay characteristic is calculated using a computer-preset calculation formula. The reference ballistic function value and the bullet velocity decay characteristic are then used to generate an equivalent ballistic function value. S4: Based on the equivalent ballistic function value, query the ballistic function table to determine the test bullet velocity for close-range shooting. If the computer can directly read the data during the test bullet velocity determination process, the velocity is confirmed as the test bullet velocity. If there is no matching data, the computer calculates the test bullet velocity by linear interpolation of the function value difference and the corresponding velocity value.

2. The method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: S11: Obtain the corresponding ballistic coefficient based on the type of test ammunition; S12: Obtain the test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the muzzle of the standard bullet velocity measuring point according to the test technical requirements; S13: Organize the ballistic coefficient, test distance, standard bullet velocity, and distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle to generate an initial parameter set.

3. The method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S21: Extract the test distance and the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the initial parameter set; S22: Subtract the distance from the standard bullet velocity measuring point to the muzzle from the test distance, and then subtract the preset distance between the measuring point and the sample to obtain the attenuation distance; S23: Extract the standard projectile velocity from the initial parameter set, find the ballistic function value corresponding to the standard projectile velocity in the ballistic function table, and obtain the reference ballistic function value; S24: Correlate the attenuation distance, the baseline ballistic function value, and the ballistic coefficient to generate an intermediate parameter set.

4. The method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S23 includes: S231: Compare the standard projectile velocity with each value in the velocity column of the ballistic function table; S232: When there are equal values ​​in the comparison results, the ballistic function value corresponding to the equal value is read as the reference ballistic function value; S233: When the comparison results are not equal, select two velocity values ​​adjacent to the standard ballistic velocity in the velocity column of the ballistic function table, read the corresponding ballistic function values, and calculate the reference ballistic function value based on the velocity difference and the corresponding ballistic function value using linear interpolation.

5. The method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: S31: Extract the reference ballistic function value, attenuation distance, and ballistic coefficient from the intermediate parameter set; S32: Introducing ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and environmental compensation parameter, combining attenuation distance, ballistic coefficient, ballistic attenuation correction coefficient and environmental compensation parameter to obtain ballistic velocity attenuation characteristic quantity; S33: Add the baseline ballistic function value to the ballistic velocity decay characteristic to obtain the equivalent ballistic function value.

6. The method for determining the impact velocity of a projectile in a close-range equivalent long-range shooting test according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: S41: Compare the equivalent ballistic function value with each value in the function value column of the ballistic function table item by item; S42: When there are equal values ​​in the comparison results, read the velocity value corresponding to the equal value as the test projectile velocity; S43: When the comparison results are not equal, select two ballistic function values ​​adjacent to the equivalent ballistic function value in the function value column of the ballistic function table, read the corresponding velocity values, and calculate the test projectile velocity based on the difference in function values ​​and the corresponding velocity values ​​using linear interpolation.

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