A measuring method and system suitable for a horse-shoe cross-section tunnel turning section

Abstract

This invention discloses a measurement method and system suitable for horseshoe-shaped tunnel curves. Addressing the challenges of complex measurement operations and difficulty in judging over-excavation and under-excavation in curved sections, it employs a polar coordinate model. Based on the tunnel center, starting point, and measured point coordinates, it automatically calculates the polar diameter and polar angle, and derives parameters such as curve length, offset, mileage, and elevation. According to the measurement point location zones (upper, middle, and lower arc areas), it calls the corresponding geometric model to perform over-excavation and under-excavation calculations, achieving precise control. Combining the turning radius and cyclic advance, it calculates the borehole direction deviation, guiding on-site adjustments to the direction line and reserving construction space. It has auxiliary dimension calculation functions, outputting the tunnel width and height in real time to assess equipment accessibility. It can be integrated into calculators or electronic devices for rapid calculation, improving measurement efficiency and construction accuracy. It is applicable to various horseshoe-shaped curved tunnel measurements and has strong practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction technology, and in particular to a measurement method and system applicable to the turning section of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, surveying technology is crucial for ensuring accurate tunnel excavation along the designed axis. This is especially true in curved tunnels, where the dual geometric complexity of horizontal turns and longitudinal slope variations presents significant challenges to traditional surveying methods. Existing techniques typically employ a polygonal line approximation of a circular curve for layout, simulating the curve path by calculating multiple chord lengths and deflection angles. However, this method has significant drawbacks in practical applications: firstly, the calculation process is cumbersome, involving numerous trigonometric function operations, resulting in a large workload and a high risk of errors on-site; secondly, this method struggles to intuitively and quickly determine over-excavation or under-excavation at various points on the tunnel cross-section, failing to achieve real-time and precise control of the excavation profile.

[0003] Especially in horseshoe-shaped tunnels, the cross-section is composed of multiple curved segments, including a top arc, side arcs, and a bottom inverted arch, resulting in a complex cross-sectional shape that demands higher measurement accuracy. When the tunnel enters a curve, the cross-section continuously changes with the curvature of the centerline. Traditional measurement methods struggle to achieve continuous modeling and dynamic correction in three-dimensional space, leading to difficulties in controlling the excavation profile. This easily results in localized over-excavation causing material waste, or under-excavation leading to rework, severely impacting construction progress and project safety. Furthermore, in drill-and-blast construction, if the direction of the blast holes does not fully consider the influence of the tangent direction of the curved segment, it will lead to accumulated deviations in the excavation direction, further exacerbating the over-excavation and under-excavation problems.

[0004] Currently, although some projects have attempted to introduce total stations and 3D scanning technology for cross-section detection, these devices are expensive, and data processing relies on post-construction modeling, making it difficult to meet the needs of real-time decision-making on construction sites. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a measurement technology solution that is easy to operate, computationally efficient, and capable of real-time on-site analysis to solve the technical bottlenecks of measurement, shape control, and deviation correction in the construction of horseshoe-shaped tunnel sections during curves. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a measurement method and system suitable for the turning sections of horseshoe-shaped tunnels. Addressing the problems of complex measurement operations and difficulty in judging over-excavation and under-excavation in curved sections, it features auxiliary dimension calculation functions, real-time output of tunnel width and height, and assessment of equipment accessibility. It can be integrated into calculators or electronic devices for rapid calculation, improving measurement efficiency and construction accuracy. It is applicable to various types of horseshoe-shaped curved tunnel measurements and has strong practicality.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped cross-section tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Establish a measurement procedure model: Based on a programmable calculator or computing device, input the coordinates of the center of the tunnel's circular arc segment. and the starting coordinates of the tunnel arc segment The initial azimuth angle is calculated using polar coordinate functions;

[0008] S2. Data Acquisition and Basic Parameter Calculation: Input the measured three-dimensional coordinates of the point to be measured. Calculate the polar radius of the point to be measured relative to the center of the circle. and polar angle Then, the length of the center curve corresponding to the point to be measured is calculated. Offset relative to the tunnel centerline Mileage marker Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel Shoulder elevation and arch foot elevation ;

[0009] S3. Zonal Over-excavation and Under-excavation Judgment and Calculation: Based on the elevation of the point to be measured... with shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation Based on the relative positional relationship, the horseshoe-shaped cross-section is divided into the upper arc area, the waist arc area and the bottom arc area, and the corresponding geometric models are called to calculate the radial over-excavation and under-excavation, the vertical over-excavation and under-excavation, and the horizontal over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0010] S4. Drilling Direction Control: Based on calculated offset Based on the set cycle advance length and the tunnel turning radius, the geometric deviation value caused by the direction line being parallel to the tangent is calculated, and the drilling opening position or the end position of the direction line is adjusted according to the deviation value to reserve construction operation space and control over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0011] To further optimize this invention, the following technical solutions may be preferred:

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the calculation formulas for each basic parameter are as follows:

[0013] Center curve length ,in The turning radius, The initial azimuth angle;

[0014] Offset The left side is defined as negative and the right side as positive.

[0015] Mileage marker ,in The starting station number;

[0016] Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel ,in The longitudinal slope;

[0017] Shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation ,in The height from the shoulder to the bottom plate. The height is from the shoulder to the foot of the arch.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is determined to be the upper arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0019] upper arc radial over- and under-dig ;

[0020] Upper arc vertical over- and under-dig ;

[0021] Upper arc horizontal over- and under-dig ;

[0022] in, Design the radius for the top arc.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the waist-shaped arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0024] Waist-arch radial over- and under-excavation ;

[0025] Horizontal over- and under-excavation of waist arc ;

[0026] in, Design the radius for the side arc. This represents the horizontal offset of the center of the side arc relative to the tunnel centerline.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the bottom arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0028] Bottom radial over- and under-excavation ;

[0029] Bottom horizontal over- and under-excavation ;

[0030] in, The radius of the bottom arc design is as follows: This is the elevation of the center of the bottom arc.

[0031] Preferably, in step S4, the method for calculating the geometric deviation value is as follows:

[0032] First, calculate the deviation angle. ,in This is the cycle advance length. The turning radius of the tunnel is given; then the linear deviation value is calculated. If it is necessary to reserve over-excavation volume for the next cycle Then, on the outer arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. On the inner arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. ,in and according to and Determined comprehensively.

[0033] Preferably, the drilling direction control also includes on-site implementation steps: using measuring instruments to mark out the adjusted direction line; drilling several standard holes and inserting a horizontal rod into the standard holes; during subsequent drilling operations, using the direction of the horizontal rod as a reference, keeping the drill rod parallel to the horizontal rod during drilling.

[0034] Preferably, the method further includes an auxiliary dimension calculation step: based on the calculated horizontal over- or under-excavation amount... and offset Real-time calculation of the horizontal width inside the tunnel at the measuring point Based on the area where the measuring point is located and the vertical over- or under-excavation volume, calculate in real time the height of the vertical line passing through the measuring point inside the tunnel. or It is used to assess the passability of large equipment.

[0035] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel.

[0036] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped cross-section tunnel.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] (1) Highly efficient calculation and convenient operation: By establishing a mathematical model based on the principle of polar coordinates, the complex curve segment measurement problem is transformed into a functional relationship between polar diameter, polar angle and mileage and offset, realizing the automated derivation from measured coordinates to key construction parameters, greatly reducing the amount of manual calculation on site and improving work efficiency.

[0039] (2) Achieve precise control by zone: Based on the relative relationship between the elevation of the point to be measured and the elevation of the arch shoulder and arch foot, the horseshoe-shaped cross section is divided into three regions: the upper part, the waist part and the bottom part. The corresponding geometric models are used to calculate over-excavation and under-excavation, which realizes the refined and zoned control of the complex cross section profile and significantly improves the forming quality of the excavation profile.

[0040] (3) Effective guidance for drilling operations: The introduction of a geometric deviation calculation mechanism based on turning radius and cycle advance can predict the construction deviation caused by the direction line being parallel to the tangent and adjust the drilling opening position or the endpoint of the direction line accordingly. This not only reserves construction operation space but also effectively suppresses the accumulation of over-excavation and under-excavation, improving the accuracy of drilling and blasting operations.

[0041] (4) Support real-time decision-making and equipment passage assessment: By calculating the horizontal width and vertical passage height inside the tunnel in real time, data support is provided for the passage of large construction equipment, avoiding equipment blockage caused by cross-section encroachment and ensuring construction continuity.

[0042] (5) Strong system portability: This method can be integrated into a programmable calculator or general electronic device without relying on expensive dedicated hardware and software systems, making it easy to promote and apply in various tunnel construction sites, and has good economic efficiency and practicality.

[0043] (6) Improve overall construction accuracy and safety: This invention realizes an integrated process of measurement, calculation, judgment and construction guidance, which significantly improves the construction accuracy and quality control level of curved tunnels, reduces rework rate and safety risks, and provides strong technical support for efficient, safe and intelligent tunnel construction.

[0044] In summary, this invention not only solves the problems of poor adaptability and low efficiency of traditional measurement methods in horseshoe-shaped cross-section curved tunnels, but also provides a scientific, intuitive, and operable technical means for tunnel construction, demonstrating significant technological progress and engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the operation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment takes the construction of a horseshoe-shaped cross-section railway tunnel turning section as an example to illustrate the specific implementation process of the present invention.

[0047] A technical method for measuring curves in horseshoe-shaped tunnel sections includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Establish a measurement procedure model: Based on a programmable calculator or computing device, input the coordinates of the center of the tunnel's circular arc segment. and the starting coordinates of the tunnel arc segment The initial azimuth angle is calculated using polar coordinate functions;

[0049] S2. Data Acquisition and Basic Parameter Calculation: Input the measured three-dimensional coordinates of the point to be measured. Calculate the polar radius of the point to be measured relative to the center of the circle. and polar angle Then, the length of the center curve corresponding to the point to be measured is calculated. Offset relative to the tunnel centerline Mileage marker Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel Shoulder elevation and arch foot elevation ;

[0050] S3. Zonal Over-excavation and Under-excavation Judgment and Calculation: Based on the elevation of the point to be measured... with shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation Based on the relative positional relationship, the horseshoe-shaped cross-section is divided into the upper arc area, the waist arc area and the bottom arc area, and the corresponding geometric models are called to calculate the radial over-excavation and under-excavation, the vertical over-excavation and under-excavation, and the horizontal over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0051] S4. Drilling Direction Control: Based on calculated offset Based on the set cycle advance length and the tunnel turning radius, the geometric deviation value caused by the direction line being parallel to the tangent is calculated, and the drilling opening position or the end position of the direction line is adjusted according to the deviation value to reserve construction operation space and control over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0052] To further optimize this invention, the following technical solutions may be preferred:

[0053] Preferably, in step S2, the calculation formulas for each basic parameter are as follows:

[0054] Center curve length ,in The turning radius, The initial azimuth angle;

[0055] Offset The left side is defined as negative and the right side as positive.

[0056] Mileage marker ,in The starting station number;

[0057] Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel ,in The longitudinal slope;

[0058] Shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation ,in The height from the shoulder to the bottom plate. The height is from the shoulder to the foot of the arch.

[0059] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is determined to be the upper arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0060] upper arc radial over- and under-dig ;

[0061] Upper arc vertical over- and under-dig ;

[0062] Upper arc horizontal over- and under-dig ;

[0063] in, Design the radius for the top arc.

[0064] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the waist-shaped arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0065] Waist-arch radial over- and under-excavation ;

[0066] Horizontal over- and under-excavation of waist arc ;

[0067] in, Design the radius for the side arc. This represents the horizontal offset of the center of the side arc relative to the tunnel centerline.

[0068] Preferably, in step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the bottom arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes:

[0069] Bottom radial over- and under-excavation ;

[0070] Bottom horizontal over- and under-excavation ;

[0071] in, The radius of the bottom arc design is as follows: This is the elevation of the center of the bottom arc.

[0072] Preferably, in step S4, the method for calculating the geometric deviation value is as follows:

[0073] First, calculate the deviation angle. ,in This is the cycle advance length. The turning radius of the tunnel is given; then the linear deviation value is calculated. If it is necessary to reserve over-excavation volume for the next cycle Then, on the outer arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. On the inner arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. ,in and according to and Determined comprehensively.

[0074] Preferably, the drilling direction control also includes on-site implementation steps: using measuring instruments to mark out the adjusted direction line; drilling several standard holes and inserting a horizontal rod into the standard holes; during subsequent drilling operations, using the direction of the horizontal rod as a reference, keeping the drill rod parallel to the horizontal rod during drilling.

[0075] Preferably, the method further includes an auxiliary dimension calculation step: based on the calculated horizontal over- or under-excavation amount... and offset Real-time calculation of the horizontal width inside the tunnel at the measuring point Based on the area where the measuring point is located and the vertical over- or under-excavation volume, calculate in real time the height of the vertical line passing through the measuring point inside the tunnel. or It is used to assess the passability of large equipment.

[0076] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel.

[0077] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped cross-section tunnel.

[0078] Measurement Procedure for Horseshoe Tunnel Curve

[0079] Calculations show that the center coordinates of the arc segment are X=5284056.483, Y=563982.7303; the starting coordinates of the tunnel arc segment are X=5284482.735, Y=564244.0907. Using these two points as the starting azimuth, calculations are performed to determine the arc length, mileage, offset, elevation of the bottom center of the cross-section, arch foot elevation, and arch shoulder elevation, as shown in the program's expressions.

[0080] “L=" indicates the arc length, indicated by the letter “L”;

[0081] “E=" indicates the offset, which is the distance from the centerline of the tunnel. The left “-” and the right “+” are indicated by the letter “E”.

[0082] “N=" indicates the mileage marker, represented by the letter “N”;

[0083] "H=" indicates the elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel, marked with the letter "H";

[0084] “G=" indicates the shoulder elevation, marked with the letter “G”;

[0085] “O=" indicates the arch foot elevation, marked with the letter “O”;

[0086] “M=" indicates over- or under-excavation in the radial direction, with “+” for under-excavation and “-” for over-excavation, indicated by the letter “M”.

[0087] “D=" indicates that the vertical over- or under-excavation is above the arch shoulder, with “+” for under-excavation and “-” for over-excavation, marked with the letter “D”.

[0088] “P=" indicates over- or under-excavation in the horizontal direction, with “+” for under-excavation and “-” for over-excavation, marked with the letter “P”.

[0089] “K=" indicates the horizontal width value of the measuring point inside the tunnel, displayed by the letter “K”. This statement is set up when the tunnel width is required under special conditions.

[0090] “T=" indicates the height of the vertical line passing through the measuring point inside the tunnel. The vertical line is indicated by the letter “T” when passing through the inverted arch and the horizontal toothed groove, and by the letter “S” when passing through the curved sidewall. This statement is set up for special conditions when the height of the tunnel is required.

[0091] “D=" indicates the vertical distance from the measuring point to the bottom design line. It can measure the over-excavation or under-excavation in the vertical direction at the bottom. Under-excavation is “+” and over-excavation is “-”, which is displayed by the letter “D”.

[0092] “B=" indicates the vertical distance from the measuring point to the design line of the curved side wall. It can measure the over-excavation or under-excavation in the vertical direction. Under-excavation is “+” and over-excavation is “-”, which is displayed by the letter “B”.

[0093] In actual measurements, only radial and horizontal data are needed; the other calculation blocks are for specific needs in special cases. For example, when large objects need to pass through a tunnel, width and height, or even the height from a certain point to the top or bottom, are required. These data are already provided in the program and can be skipped if not needed. After becoming familiar with the program, certain calculation blocks can also be removed according to the actual situation.

[0094] Drilling direction control of boreholes around the turning section of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel

[0095] For example, if the radius of a horseshoe-shaped bend is 500 meters, its circumference is 2 × π × 500 = 3141.6 meters. Based on the surrounding rock conditions, cross-sectional size, and blasting test data, the cycle advance can be determined to be 3.3 meters. With the direction line marked by measurement, and assuming the direction line length is also 3.3 meters, meaning the drilling direction is parallel to the direction line, geometric relationships can be used to calculate that the over-excavation on the left is 0.022 meters, and the under-excavation on the right is 0.022 meters. Numerically, such small over-excavation and under-excavation values ​​fully meet the excavation standards. However, a space of 0.07 to 0.1 meters should be reserved at the drilling position for easy equipment operation during drilling.

[0096] Deviation calculation: Starting from point B, with the direction line being AB, the position of point A during measurement can only fall on the area that has been excavated in the previous cycle, and the deviations of A and B are the same. This means that if the hole is drilled from point B, the bottom of the hole will definitely fall on point D. Point C is the correct position. Since ∠CBD is small, the length of CD can be considered as the deviation value, which is the over-excavation value.

[0097] Based on geometric relationships, the deviation angle ∠CBD = ∠BOA = 2∠EOA

[0098] 500Sin(∠EOA)=3.3 / 2

[0099] ∠EOA=0.19° ∠CBD=0.38°

[0100] Therefore, CD = 3.3Tan(0.38°) = 0.022(m)

[0101] Adjusting the direction line facilitates drilling operations.

[0102] The above analysis shows that if we want to leave 0.07-0.1 meters of over-excavation in the next cycle, we need to move point A on the outer arc side of the tunnel 0.05 meters closer to the tunnel centerline, and point A on the inner arc side of the tunnel 0.09 meters closer to the tunnel centerline.

[0103] For tunnel bends with small radii, the deviation must first be calculated, then the cycle advance length must be determined, and then the approach dimension of the direction line endpoint towards the tunnel centerline must be determined.

[0104] During the drilling stage, the drilling accuracy depends on the worker's skill level. A method can be adopted to use the measured and marked direction line as a standard to drill several standard holes first, and then insert a horizontal rod. In this way, each worker drills in a direction parallel to the rod, which will greatly reduce the deviation.

[0105] Example 1: Construction and Parameter Initialization of the Measurement System

[0106] This embodiment provides a measurement system suitable for the turning section of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel. This system can be integrated into a handheld calculator, tablet computer, or dedicated engineering measurement terminal with programming capabilities. The system has a pre-built mathematical model based on polar coordinates and a geometric feature library of horseshoe-shaped cross-sections.

[0107] Before implementation, parameter initialization should be performed first:

[0108] 1. Input design parameters: Enter key data from the tunnel design drawings into the system, including the coordinates of the starting point of the tunnel centerline. Turning radius Transition curve parameters (if any), geometric definition parameters of the horseshoe-shaped section (radius of the top arc) , center offset, waist arc radius , bottom arch radius And the relative positions of their respective centers with respect to the design centerline.

[0109] 2. Establish a coordinate system: Using the tunnel design centerline as a reference, establish a local construction coordinate system. Define the direction of the mileage station as the vertical axis, the direction perpendicular to the centerline as the horizontal axis, and the elevation direction as the vertical axis.

[0110] Example 2: Measured Data Acquisition and Polar Coordinate Transformation

[0111] During construction, surveyors use a total station to measure the points to be measured on the excavation face or initial support surface. Conduct observations to obtain its three-dimensional spatial coordinates. The system will automatically perform the following steps:

[0112] 1. Projection and Odometer Calculation: Project the points to be measured... Project the projection onto the horizontal plane containing the tunnel's design centerline and calculate the projection point. Corresponding center curve length (mileage marker) Using the equation of a circular curve, according to Calculate the corresponding central angle from the coordinates. .

[0113] 2. Polar radius and offset calculation:

[0114] Calculate the point to be measured Polar diameter within the current mileage section , i.e., point To the theoretical center of the cross section The distance.

[0115] Calculate the offset That is, the point to be measured The distance from the design centerline in the horizontal direction. If This indicates a deviation towards the outside of the curve. It indicates that it is biased towards the inside.

[0116] 3. Elevation Conversion: Based on mileage Calculate the longitudinal slope design elevation at the point to be measured. Elevation difference relative to the design track surface (or road surface) .

[0117] Example 3: Divisional Over-excavation and Under-excavation Determination and Calculation

[0118] The system is based on the points to be measured. elevation The boundary elevations of the current cross-section's various arc regions (such as the abutment elevation) Arch foot elevation The system compares the data, automatically identifies the area to which the measurement point belongs, and calls the corresponding geometric model to calculate the over- and under-excavation values. Calculation:

[0119] 1. Determination of the upper arc area: When At that time, it was determined to be the upper arc region. The system calls the top arc model to calculate the theoretical radius. Over-mining and under-mining values .like For over-excavation, It is under-dug.

[0120] 2. Determination of the waist arc area: When At that time, it was determined to be the waist arc region. The system calls the side arc model, considers the horizontal offset of the center, and calculates the processing contour distance at that point. Over-mining and under-mining values .

[0121] 3. Bottom arc area determination: When At that time, it was determined to be the bottom invert arch area. The system calls the bottom circular arc model to calculate the theoretical invert arch radius. Over-mining and under-mining values (in (This is the distance relative to the center of the inverted arch).

[0122] The system displays the calculation results in real time and issues warnings on the screen with different colors (e.g., red for under-excavation, green for qualified, and yellow for slight over-excavation) to guide on-site workers to handle the situation immediately.

[0123] Example 4: Correction of Drilling Direction Deviation and Auxiliary Dimension Calculation

[0124] For drill-and-blast construction, this embodiment also includes directional control and accessibility assessment functions:

[0125] 1. Calculation of geometric deviation in drilling direction:

[0126] Get current cycle advance and tunnel turning radius .

[0127] Calculate the geometric deviation caused by drilling in the tangential direction. (Approximate formula; precise calculations are derived using chord-tangent angles).

[0128] The system outputs an adjustment command: It is recommended that the borehole opening position be shifted inwards along the curve. The value, or the pointing angle of the drilling rig, can be adjusted to counteract the outward throwing trend during the tunneling process, ensuring that the next cycle section does not intrude into the design outline, while reserving sufficient support frame and operating space.

[0129] 2. Real-time output of auxiliary dimensions:

[0130] Based on the current measured cross-sectional data, the system automatically fits the minimum horizontal width inside the tunnel. and minimum vertical passing height .

[0131] Will and Compare the dimensions with those of pre-set large equipment (such as rock drilling rigs and lining rigs). If Equipment width or If the equipment height is detected, the system will issue a "passage restricted" alarm, indicating that further excavation is required to prevent the equipment from getting stuck.

[0132] Example 5: Integration of On-site Operation Processes

[0133] In practical applications, the surveyor operates the electronic device integrating this method, following the procedure:

[0134] 1. Set up the total station and backsight orientation.

[0135] 2. Aim at the prism at the point to be measured and collect the coordinates with one click.

[0136] 3. The equipment screen displays in real time: mileage station number, offset, region, over-excavation / under-excavation values, suggested adjustment amount, and equipment access status.

[0137] 4. Based on the data on the screen, construction workers can directly perform additional blasting, edge trimming, or adjust the position of the trolley without having to travel back and forth to the office for calculations.

[0138] Through the above implementation methods, the present invention transforms the complex measurement of curved tunnels into a standardized procedural operation, realizing the integration of "measurement-calculation-judgment-guidance", and significantly improving the construction efficiency and quality control level of horseshoe-shaped tunnel turning sections.

Claims

1. A technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped cross-section tunnel, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a measurement procedure model: Based on a programmable calculator or computing device, input the coordinates of the center of the tunnel's circular arc segment. and the starting coordinates of the tunnel arc segment The initial azimuth angle is calculated using polar coordinate functions; S2. Data Acquisition and Basic Parameter Calculation: Input the measured three-dimensional coordinates of the point to be measured. Calculate the polar radius of the point to be measured relative to the center of the circle. and polar angle Then, the length of the center curve corresponding to the point to be measured is calculated. Offset relative to the tunnel centerline Mileage marker Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel Shoulder elevation and arch foot elevation ; S3. Zonal Over-excavation and Under-excavation Judgment and Calculation: Based on the elevation of the point to be measured... with shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation Based on the relative positional relationship, the horseshoe-shaped cross-section is divided into the upper arc area, the waist arc area and the bottom arc area, and the corresponding geometric models are called to calculate the radial over-excavation and under-excavation, the vertical over-excavation and under-excavation, and the horizontal over-excavation and under-excavation. S4. Drilling Direction Control: Based on calculated offset Based on the set cycle advance length and the tunnel turning radius, the geometric deviation value caused by the direction line being parallel to the tangent is calculated, and the drilling opening position or the end position of the direction line is adjusted according to the deviation value to reserve construction operation space and control over-excavation and under-excavation.

2. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the calculation formulas for each basic parameter are as follows: Center curve length ,in The turning radius is The initial azimuth angle; Offset The left side is defined as negative and the right side as positive. Mileage marker ,in The starting station number; Elevation of the center of the invert arch at the bottom of the tunnel ,in The longitudinal slope; Shoulder elevation Arch foot elevation ,in The height from the shoulder to the bottom plate. The height is from the shoulder to the foot of the arch.

3. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is determined to be the upper arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes: upper arc radial over- and under-dig ; Upper arc vertical over- and under-dig ; Upper arc horizontal over- and under-dig ; in, Design the radius for the top arc.

4. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the waist-shaped arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes: Waist-arch radial over- and under-excavation ; Horizontal over- and under-excavation of waist arc ; in, Design the radius for the side arc. This represents the horizontal offset of the center of the side arc relative to the tunnel centerline.

5. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the elevation of the point to be measured... When the area is identified as the bottom arc zone, the calculation of its over-excavation and under-excavation includes: Bottom radial over- and under-excavation ; Bottom horizontal over- and under-excavation ; in, The radius of the bottom arc design is as follows: This is the elevation of the center of the bottom arc.

6. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the method for calculating the geometric deviation value is as follows: First, calculate the deviation angle. ,in This is the cyclic advance length. The turning radius of the tunnel is given; then the linear deviation value is calculated. ; If over-excavation needs to be reserved for the next cycle Then, on the outer arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. On the inner arc side, move the endpoint of the direction line closer to the tunnel centerline. ,in and according to and Determined comprehensively.

7. The technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drilling direction control also includes on-site implementation steps: using measuring instruments to mark the adjusted direction line; drilling several standard holes and inserting a horizontal rod into the standard holes; during subsequent drilling operations, using the direction of the horizontal rod as a reference, keeping the drill rod parallel to the horizontal rod during drilling.

8. A technical method for measuring a turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method also includes an auxiliary dimension calculation step: based on the calculated horizontal over- and under-excavation amounts. and offset Real-time calculation of the horizontal width inside the tunnel at the measuring point Based on the area where the measuring point is located and the vertical over- or under-excavation volume, calculate in real time the height of the vertical line passing through the measuring point inside the tunnel. or It is used to assess the passability of large equipment.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the technical method for measuring the turning section in a horseshoe-shaped tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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