Embedded part measurement-free positioning construction method based on trolley construction features

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a method for pre-embedded component positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley. The method includes the following steps: S1, trolley structural analysis; S2, CAD parametric modeling, generating a cross-sectional view of the trolley in AutoCAD; S3, preparation of positioning technical briefing, based on the pre-embedded component positioning parameters from step S2, preparing a technical briefing document for the positioning of pre-embedded components throughout the tunnel; S4, trolley placement and mileage positioning, calibrating the mileage benchmark point at the trolley end and marking the longitudinal baseline, calculating the mileage position of the pre-embedded component by measurement; S5, precise arc length positioning, based on step S2, accurately measuring and marking the height position of the pre-embedded component on the curved surface of the trolley panel; S6, installation and verification, acceptance upon successful completion of construction. This method directly calculates the mileage of the pre-embedded component by measurement from the mileage benchmark at the trolley end, and achieves precise elevation positioning by combining the arc length distance obtained from CAD modeling. This invention is mainly applied to the measurement-free positioning of pre-embedded components based on the structural features of a trolley.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a method for pre-embedded parts positioning construction without measurement based on the structural characteristics of a trolley. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of transportation infrastructure construction in my country, the scale of tunnel projects is constantly expanding, and the requirements for construction precision are continuously increasing. As a crucial link in tunnel secondary lining construction, the installation of embedded parts directly affects the quality of the tunnel's drainage system, structural stability, and subsequent operational safety through its positioning accuracy and construction efficiency. Currently, traditional embedded part positioning technologies in tunnel construction are significantly limited by the working environment, generally suffering from poor visibility, limited working space, low positioning efficiency, and accumulated human error. Traditional total station point-by-point measurements in a single cycle take 2-3 hours, with measured deviations reaching ±50mm. Furthermore, it is difficult to perceive the deformation of the formwork in real time, making dynamic correction of construction parameters impossible. This severely restricts the progress and quality of secondary lining construction and is no longer suitable for the refined and intelligent construction needs of modern tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for pre-embedded parts positioning construction without measurement based on the structural features of the trolley.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A measurement-free positioning construction method for embedded parts based on the structural characteristics of the trolley includes the following steps: S1. Trolley structure analysis: obtain the geometric parameters of the tunnel secondary lining trolley template and establish an initial coordinate system; calibrate the relationship between the trolley hydraulic cylinder stroke and template deformation; and mark the actual positions of the longitudinal joints and pouring windows on the trolley panel. S2. CAD parametric modeling: Based on the geometric parameters and structural feature positions of the trolley template obtained in step S1, generate a cross-sectional view of the trolley on the AutoCAD platform, match the designed embedded part positions to the cross-sectional view, obtain the arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window, and output the embedded part positioning parameters. S3. Prepare a technical briefing document on positioning. Based on the positioning parameters of the embedded parts in step S2, prepare a technical briefing document on the positioning of embedded parts in the entire tunnel. S4. Trolley positioning and mileage location: calibrate the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley and mark the longitudinal reference line. Calculate the mileage position of the embedded part by measuring with a ruler. S5. Precise arc length positioning: Based on the arc length distance in step S2, accurately measure and mark the height position of the embedded part on the curved surface of the trolley panel. S6. Installation and verification: After fixing the embedded parts to the marked positions, perform three-dimensional laser verification. Once the verification is passed, the construction is completed.

[0005] In step S1, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to obtain the geometric parameters of the trolley template. The three-dimensional laser scanner is a Huace SLAM scanner. The geometric parameters include the curvature of the trolley panel, the longitudinal joints, and the spatial coordinates of the pouring window.

[0006] In step S2, the positioning parameters of the embedded part include the size and material of the embedded part, the arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window, and the three-dimensional theoretical coordinates of the embedded part. The arc length distance is the arc length from the center of the embedded part on the curved surface of the trolley panel to the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window.

[0007] In step S4, the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley is calibrated using a total station. After calibration, the deviation from the design axis is ≤±3mm. A parallel auxiliary line is set on each side of the longitudinal axis of the trolley as a lateral positioning reference. The mileage position of the embedded part is calculated using the formula Lp=L0±ΔL, where Lp is the mileage of the embedded part, L0 is the mileage at the end of the trolley, and ΔL is the horizontal distance from the embedded part to the end of the trolley. ± is determined according to the mileage direction of the tunnel secondary lining construction.

[0008] In step S5, a flexible steel ruler calibrated by tension and length is used to measure the arc length. The accuracy of the flexible steel ruler is ±0.3mm / m. Before measurement, a tension of 50N is applied to it for tension calibration, and the length error is calibrated to ≤±0.5mm / m under a constant temperature environment of 20±2℃. The steel ruler is made to fit tightly against the curved surface of the trolley panel by a magnetic positioning pulley group.

[0009] In step S5, when the measured arc length is greater than 3m, the formula δ=0.015×s is used. 3 / (E×A) corrects for the sagging error of the steel ruler due to its own weight, where δ is the sagging error value, s is the arc length, and E is the elastic modulus of the steel ruler, taken as 2.1×10. 5 MPa, where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the steel ruler.

[0010] In step S5, after the arc length is measured, cross-verification is performed using laser ranging and three-dimensional coordinate inversion. When the deviation between the laser ranging value and the steel ruler measurement value is >2mm, the error analysis program is started. When the deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates calculated by three-dimensional coordinate inversion is >±3mm, the location is repositioned.

[0011] In step S6, a customized positioning mold is used to fix the embedded part. The error of the customized positioning mold is ≤1mm. It is directly connected to the bolt hole of the trolley. During the three-dimensional laser verification process, if the installation deviation of the embedded part exceeds the limit, the hydraulic compensation system of the trolley is started. The positioning deviation caused by the deformation of the template is corrected in real time by combining the data of the hydraulic displacement sensor. The resolution of the hydraulic displacement sensor is 0.01mm.

[0012] In step S6, the standard for acceptance of three-dimensional laser verification is that the positioning error of the embedded part is ≤ ±3mm. After the embedded part is installed, the first-level inspection and the second-level inspection are carried out in sequence. The first-level inspection is a 100% initial inspection and a hydraulic jack is used to load to 15kN and hold for 3 minutes. The second-level inspection is a random sampling of 5% and loading to 20kN to verify the safety margin. The void rate of the concrete around the embedded part is ≤0.3%.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This construction method completely eliminates the traditional total station's point-by-point measurement and multiple verification steps. It directly calculates the mileage of the embedded parts by measuring the mileage benchmark at the end of the trolley, and achieves accurate elevation positioning by combining the arc length distance obtained from CAD modeling. The construction time of the embedded parts in a single cycle is greatly shortened, effectively solving the industry pain point of the long time-consuming single-cycle operation in traditional construction, significantly improving the overall efficiency of tunnel secondary lining construction, and accelerating the construction progress of tunnel projects.

[0014] By combining precise geometric parameters obtained from 3D laser scanning with CAD parametric modeling technology, the positional relationship between the trolley template and the embedded parts is accurately analyzed, strictly controlling the positioning error of the embedded parts within ±3mm, thus eliminating the cumulative error caused by manual adjustment at the source. Simultaneously, the dynamic compensation technology of hydraulic displacement sensors, multi-technology cross-verification, and dual mechanical performance testing further ensure the installation accuracy and construction quality of the embedded parts. This eliminates the need for frequent use of large measuring equipment such as total stations, significantly reducing costs. The standardized positioning system reduces manual input for measurement and adjustment, lowering labor costs. It fills the technological gap in measurement-free positioning of embedded parts in tunnel secondary lining construction, promoting the transformation of traditional tunnel construction methods towards digital, mechanized, and intelligent construction. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0017] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, a measurement-free positioning construction method for embedded parts based on the structural characteristics of the tunnel lining trolley is presented. This method abandons the traditional positioning mode of point-by-point measurement with a total station, and relies on the structural characteristics of the tunnel lining trolley itself to build a standardized positioning system, realizing rapid and accurate measurement-free installation of embedded parts. The positioning error can be strictly controlled within ±3mm. The specific steps include: S1. Trolley structure analysis: The geometric parameters of the tunnel secondary lining trolley template are obtained using professional surveying equipment and an initial coordinate system is established in the surveying system. The relationship between the stroke of the trolley hydraulic cylinder and the deformation of the template is calibrated through hydraulic system debugging. The actual spatial positions of the longitudinal joints and pouring windows on the trolley panel are accurately marked on the drawn trolley cross-section foundation drawing, forming trolley foundation data with complete structural feature annotations, providing accurate basic data support for subsequent modeling and positioning. S2. CAD parametric modeling: Based on the geometric parameters of the trolley template and the structural features of the longitudinal slab joints and pouring windows obtained in step S1, a trolley cross-section drawing matching the actual trolley is generated in the AutoCAD secondary development platform at a 1:1 scale. The design positions of the embedded parts in the tunnel design drawings are accurately matched to the cross-section drawing according to parameters such as elevation and mileage. The arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal slab joint or pouring window is measured and obtained through the distance measurement function of the CAD platform. At the same time, the embedded part design information is integrated to output complete embedded part positioning parameters, which are the core basis for subsequent on-site construction positioning. S3. Prepare positioning technical briefing. Based on the embedded part positioning parameters output in step S2, prepare a full tunnel embedded part positioning technical briefing document according to the type of embedded part in the tunnel unit project. The document should include the core data of embedded part positioning, key points of construction operation, quality control standards and other contents. After the document is completed, provide written and on-site technical briefing to the on-site construction team to ensure that the construction personnel accurately grasp the positioning construction requirements. S4. Trolley positioning and mileage positioning: After the secondary lining trolley is accurately positioned according to the construction requirements, the mileage benchmark point at the end of the trolley is professionally calibrated and the benchmark line is marked along the longitudinal direction of the trolley. Using the mileage benchmark already determined at the end of the trolley, the precise mileage position of the embedded part is obtained by measuring with a ruler and combining the mileage calculation formula, so as to achieve measurement-free positioning of the mileage direction of the embedded part. S5. Precise arc length positioning: Based on the arc length distance obtained in step S2, a high-precision measuring tool is used to accurately measure the arc length on the curved surface of the trolley panel. The height position of the embedded part is marked on the trolley panel according to the measurement results, and the positioning of the embedded part in the elevation dimension in the spatial position is completed. This, together with the mileage positioning in step S4, forms the complete spatial positioning of the embedded part. S6. Installation and verification: Use a special fixing mold to accurately fix the embedded parts in the spatial positions marked in steps S4 and S5. After the installation of the embedded parts is completed, use a three-dimensional laser scanning device to fully verify the installation position of the embedded parts. If the verification result meets the design and acceptance standards, the embedded part construction is completed and the acceptance is qualified. If the verification result does not meet the standards, adjust the position of the embedded parts in time and re-verify until it is qualified.

[0019] Preferably, in step S1, a 3D laser scanner is used to obtain the geometric parameters of the trolley template. The 3D laser scanner is a Huace SLAM scanner, which can quickly and accurately collect the spatial data of the trolley template. The collected geometric parameters include the curvature of the trolley panel, the longitudinal joints of the panels, and the spatial coordinates of the pouring windows. The accuracy of the collected parameter data can meet the construction requirements for subsequent modeling and positioning. The calibrated correlation between the stroke of the trolley hydraulic cylinder and the deformation of the template can be used for dynamic correction of the template deformation in subsequent construction.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, the positioning parameters of the embedded part include the size and material of the embedded part, the arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window, and the three-dimensional theoretical coordinates of the embedded part. The arc length distance is the arc length from the center of the embedded part on the curved surface of the trolley panel to the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window. The size and material parameters of the embedded part are used to guide the processing and manufacturing of the embedded part, while the arc length distance and three-dimensional theoretical coordinates are used to guide the precise positioning and construction on site. The parameters work together to form a complete basis for the positioning and construction of the embedded part.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley is calibrated using a total station. After calibration, the deviation between the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley and the design axis is ≤±3mm. A parallel auxiliary line is set on each side of the longitudinal axis of the trolley as a lateral positioning reference. The distance between the two auxiliary lines and the longitudinal axis is 50cm. The mileage position of the embedded part is calculated using the formula Lp=L0±ΔL, where Lp is the mileage of the embedded part, L0 is the mileage at the end of the trolley (the precise mileage determined after the trolley is in place), and ΔL is the horizontal distance from the embedded part to the end of the trolley as marked on the design drawings. ± is determined based on the actual construction situation of the tunnel secondary lining along the large or small mileage direction. This formula can quickly and accurately calculate the mileage position of the embedded part without repeated measurement.

[0022] Preferably, in step S5, a flexible steel ruler that has been tension-calibrated and length-calibrated is used to measure the arc length. The flexible steel ruler has a specification of 50m and an accuracy of ±0.3mm / m. Before measurement, a tension of 50N is applied to it for tension calibration to eliminate measurement errors caused by uneven tension of the steel ruler itself. The length of the steel ruler is calibrated in a constant temperature environment of 20±2℃ to ensure that the length error of the steel ruler after calibration is ≤±0.5mm / m. The steel ruler is pressed tightly against the curved surface of the trolley panel by a magnetic positioning pulley group with a spacing of 1m to eliminate the arc length error caused by the steel ruler being suspended during measurement and to ensure the accuracy of arc length measurement.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, when the measured arc length is greater than 3m, the steel ruler is prone to sagging due to its own weight, and the error needs to be corrected according to the formula δ=0.015×s. 3 / (E×A) corrects for the sagging error of the steel ruler due to its own weight, where δ is the sagging error value, s is the actual measured arc length, and E is the elastic modulus of the steel ruler, which is taken as 2.1×10. 5 MPa, where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the steel ruler. The steel ruler is selected according to the specification of 1.5mm×25mm. After calculating the sag error value through this formula, the measured arc length distance is corrected to further improve the accuracy of arc length measurement.

[0024] Preferably, in step S5, after the arc length is measured, laser ranging is used for verification and three-dimensional coordinate inverse calculation to perform multi-technology cross-verification to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. The key points of the measured arc length are re-measured using a laser rangefinder. If the deviation between the laser ranging value and the steel ruler measurement value is >2mm, the error analysis program is immediately started to investigate the cause of the measurement error and remeasure. The measured arc length is converted into the three-dimensional coordinates of the embedded part. The three-dimensional coordinates are measured by a total station and compared with the theoretical coordinates obtained in step S2. If the deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates is >±3mm, the height position of the embedded part is repositioned until the cross-verification results meet the accuracy requirements.

[0025] Preferably, in step S6, a customized positioning mold is used to fix the embedded part. The processing error of the customized positioning mold is ≤1mm. The mold is directly connected to the bolt holes of the trolley, which can realize the fast and accurate fixing of the embedded part and avoid the cumulative error caused by manual adjustment. During the three-dimensional laser verification process, if the installation deviation of the embedded part exceeds the limit, the trolley hydraulic compensation system is immediately started. Combined with the deformation data of the trolley template collected by the HYD-10 hydraulic displacement sensor with a resolution of 0.01mm, the positioning deviation caused by the template deformation is corrected in real time to ensure the accuracy of the installation position of the embedded part.

[0026] Preferably, in step S6, the standard for acceptance of the three-dimensional laser verification is that the positioning error of the embedded part is ≤±3mm. After the embedded part is installed and fixed, a dual mechanical performance test is carried out in sequence, namely, a first-level test and a second-level test. The first-level test is to conduct a 100% initial inspection of all installed embedded parts. The embedded parts are loaded to 15kN using a hydraulic jack and held for 3 minutes. The embedded parts are qualified if there is no displacement or deformation. The second-level test is to randomly sample 5% of the qualified embedded parts and load them to 20kN to verify the safety margin of the embedded parts installation. The sampled embedded parts are qualified if they all meet the stress requirements. At the same time, the density of the concrete around the embedded parts is scanned using GPRS ground penetrating radar. The void rate of the concrete around the embedded parts is ≤0.3% to be qualified. After all tests are qualified, the construction acceptance of the embedded parts is determined to be qualified.

[0027] The above description only illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for pre-embedded part measurement-free positioning based on trolley configuration characteristics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Trolley structure analysis: obtain the geometric parameters of the tunnel secondary lining trolley template and establish an initial coordinate system; calibrate the relationship between the trolley hydraulic cylinder stroke and template deformation; and mark the actual positions of the longitudinal joints and pouring windows on the trolley panel. S2. CAD parametric modeling: Based on the geometric parameters and structural feature positions of the trolley template obtained in step S1, generate a cross-sectional view of the trolley on the AutoCAD platform, match the designed embedded part positions to the cross-sectional view, obtain the arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window, and output the embedded part positioning parameters. S3. Prepare a technical briefing document on positioning. Based on the positioning parameters of the embedded parts in step S2, prepare a technical briefing document on the positioning of embedded parts in the entire tunnel. S4. Trolley positioning and mileage location: calibrate the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley and mark the longitudinal reference line. Calculate the mileage position of the embedded part by measuring with a ruler. S5. Precise arc length positioning: Based on the arc length distance in step S2, accurately measure and mark the height position of the embedded part on the curved surface of the trolley panel. S6. Installation and verification: After fixing the embedded parts to the marked positions, perform three-dimensional laser verification. Once the verification is passed, the construction is completed.

2. The construction method of claim 1, wherein: In step S1, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to obtain the geometric parameters of the trolley template. The three-dimensional laser scanner is a Huace SLAM scanner. The geometric parameters include the curvature of the trolley panel, the longitudinal joints, and the spatial coordinates of the pouring window.

3. The construction method of claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the positioning parameters of the embedded part include the size and material of the embedded part, the arc length distance between the embedded part and the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window, and the three-dimensional theoretical coordinates of the embedded part. The arc length distance is the arc length from the center of the embedded part on the curved surface of the trolley panel to the nearest longitudinal plate joint or pouring window.

4. The construction method for measuring-free positioning of embedded parts based on trolley configuration features according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the mileage reference point at the end of the trolley is calibrated using a total station. After calibration, the deviation from the design axis is ≤±3mm. A parallel auxiliary line is set on each side of the longitudinal axis of the trolley as a lateral positioning reference. The mileage position of the embedded part is calculated using the formula Lp=L0±ΔL, where Lp is the mileage of the embedded part, L0 is the mileage at the end of the trolley, and ΔL is the horizontal distance from the embedded part to the end of the trolley. ± is determined according to the mileage direction of the tunnel secondary lining construction.

5. The method for pre-embedded parts positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S5, a flexible steel ruler calibrated by tension and length is used to measure the arc length. The accuracy of the flexible steel ruler is ±0.3mm / m. Before measurement, a tension of 50N is applied to it for tension calibration, and the length error is calibrated to ≤±0.5mm / m under a constant temperature environment of 20±2℃. The steel ruler is made to fit tightly against the curved surface of the trolley panel by a magnetic positioning pulley group.

6. The method for pre-embedded parts positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that: When the measured arc length distance is greater than 3 m in the step S5, the formula δ=0.015×s / (E×A) is used to correct the error of the steel tape due to self-weight sag, wherein δ is the sag error value, s is the arc length distance, E is the elastic modulus of the steel tape, and A is the cross-sectional area of the steel tape. 3 MPa, and A is the cross-sectional area of the steel tape. 5 MPa, and A is the cross-sectional area of the steel tape.

7. The method for pre-embedded parts positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S5, after the arc length is measured, cross-verification is performed using laser ranging and three-dimensional coordinate inversion. When the deviation between the laser ranging value and the steel ruler measurement value is >2mm, the error analysis program is started. When the deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates calculated by three-dimensional coordinate inversion is >±3mm, the location is repositioned.

8. The method for pre-embedded parts positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S6, a customized positioning mold is used to fix the embedded part. The error of the customized positioning mold is ≤1mm. It is directly connected to the bolt hole of the trolley. During the three-dimensional laser verification process, if the installation deviation of the embedded part exceeds the limit, the hydraulic compensation system of the trolley is started. The positioning deviation caused by the deformation of the template is corrected in real time by combining the data of the hydraulic displacement sensor. The resolution of the hydraulic displacement sensor is 0.01mm.

9. The method for pre-embedded parts positioning without measurement based on the structural features of a trolley, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S6, the standard for acceptance of three-dimensional laser verification is that the positioning error of the embedded part is ≤ ±3mm. After the embedded part is installed, the first-level inspection and the second-level inspection are carried out in sequence. The first-level inspection is a 100% initial inspection and a hydraulic jack is used to load to 15kN and hold for 3 minutes. The second-level inspection is a random sampling of 5% and loading to 20kN to verify the safety margin. The void rate of the concrete around the embedded part is ≤0.3%.

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