A method for increasing quinoa yield with drought and lodging resistance

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and specifically discloses a method for increasing the yield of quinoa by resisting drought and lodging, which comprises: obtaining main root growth data of quinoa in a historical planting monitoring period, and performing down-penetration resistance analysis on the main root growth data of quinoa to determine a root down-penetration resistance period; performing change analysis on soil compaction data in the historical planting monitoring period to determine a soil compaction period, and performing coincidence comparison between the root down-penetration resistance period and the soil compaction period to determine whether the down-penetration resistance is caused by soil compaction. The method can accurately locate the key factors affecting the growth of quinoa, avoid taking other unnecessary measures blindly, improve the efficiency and accuracy of planting management, and at the same time, in the period and region where the soil compaction problem is more prominent, concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources for soil improvement, while in other periods and regions, resources can be used for other aspects that are conducive to the growth of quinoa, so as to reasonably allocate planting resources and improve resource utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance. Background Technology

[0002] Quinoa, a crop with extremely high nutritional value and unique adaptability, has received widespread attention and cultivation promotion globally in recent years. It is not only rich in various essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, but also possesses excellent characteristics such as drought resistance and salt tolerance, playing an important role in ensuring food security and improving dietary structure. However, in actual cultivation, quinoa yield and quality are often constrained by various factors, among which drought resistance and lodging resistance are key factors affecting the stability of quinoa yield.

[0003] Currently, to improve quinoa's drought and lodging resistance, growers typically employ a series of measures, such as irrigation, fertilization, soil improvement, and the use of plant growth regulators. However, these measures are often based on experience, making it difficult to adjust management practices in a timely manner according to the actual growth status of the quinoa's taproot system and changes in soil conditions. This results in poor management outcomes. In particular, it is crucial to determine the relationship between soil compaction and root obstruction to avoid blindly implementing measures and to improve the efficiency and precision of planting management. Furthermore, when predicting the timing of inter-row cultivation and hilling based on the growth patterns of the quinoa's taproot system and changes in soil conditions, the issue of missing the growth rhythm of the quinoa's taproot system if the timing of inter-row cultivation and hilling is not taken into account.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance, in order to solve the aforementioned background problems.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance includes: Obtain the root penetration rate during the historical planting monitoring period, and perform root penetration obstruction analysis on the root penetration rate to determine the periods of root penetration obstruction and the periods of normal root penetration; Analysis of soil compaction data during historical planting monitoring periods was conducted to determine the periods of soil compaction. These periods were then compared with the periods of root obstruction to determine whether root obstruction was caused by soil compaction. If it is determined that the rooting obstruction is caused by soil compaction, then consecutive adjacent periods of normal rooting and periods of obstructed rooting due to compaction within the historical planting monitoring cycle are combined, and the unit rooting rate during the transition from the normal rooting period to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction is analyzed for stability, the predicted rooting obstruction rate is determined, and the inter-row cultivation and hilling prediction is performed on the quinoa main root system in the current planting monitoring cycle to determine the prediction starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling. The predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling was matched with the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration to assess the degree of matching between the predicted inter-row cultivation and hilling periods. Based on the assessment of the degree of matching, the predicted starting point adjustment amount was obtained, and the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling was adjusted accordingly.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, an analysis of puncture resistance is performed on the puncture rate: The historical planting monitoring period was divided into historical planting monitoring points. The root length of quinoa taproot at each historical planting monitoring point was obtained, and a taproot length variation curve was constructed. On the taproot length variation curve, adjacent coordinate points were combined into a rooting rate analysis group to obtain multiple rooting rate analysis groups. The unit drop rate is obtained by calculating the adjacent coordinate points within each drop rate analysis group using the slope calculation formula.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process for determining the period of obstructed root penetration and the period of normal root penetration is as follows: If the unit puncture rate is greater than or equal to the unit puncture rate threshold, then the time period between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the puncture rate analysis group corresponding to the normal puncture signal is taken as the normal puncture time period. If the unit puncture rate is less than the unit puncture rate threshold, then the time interval between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the puncture rate analysis group corresponding to the puncture obstruction signal is taken as the puncture obstruction time interval.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process for determining the soil compaction period is as follows: Obtain the soil bulk density at each historical planting monitoring point and construct a soil bulk density change curve; On the soil bulk density change curve, mark the soil bulk density threshold on the Y-axis and draw a soil bulk density threshold line parallel to the X-axis. The coordinates of the intersection points with the soil bulk density threshold line, as well as the coordinates of the points above the soil bulk density threshold line, are used as the coordinates of soil compaction. The time period between historical planting monitoring points on the X-axis corresponding to adjacent soil compaction coordinate points is taken as the soil compaction period.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process of comparing the period of soil compaction with the period of root obstruction is as follows: Within the historical planting monitoring period, the soil compaction period that coincides with the period when root penetration is hindered is taken as the period when root penetration is hindered by compaction. The proportion of the number of periods when root binding was obstructed due to compaction was used as the percentage of periods when root binding was obstructed due to compaction. The duration of all periods when the planting was blocked due to compaction was summed, and the ratio of this summation to the total duration of the historical planting monitoring cycle was calculated to obtain the ratio of the duration of blocked planting due to compaction.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process for determining whether the obstruction in penetrating is caused by soil compaction is as follows: The sum of the ratio of the number of obstructed knots to the ratio of the duration of obstruction is used to obtain the analysis value of the cause of obstruction. If the value of the obstruction cause analysis is greater than or equal to the obstruction cause analysis threshold, it will be displayed as a high probability soil compaction influence signal; If the value of the obstruction cause analysis is less than the obstruction cause analysis threshold, it is displayed as a low probability soil compaction influence signal.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process of performing stability analysis on the unit piercing rate during the transition period from the normal piercing period to the period of obstructed piercing due to stagnation is as follows: The normal rooting period and the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction are combined into an analysis and prediction group to obtain multiple analysis and prediction groups. The local curves corresponding to the transition from the normal rooting period to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction in each analysis and prediction group are extracted as sub-curves for hilling prediction analysis, resulting in multiple sub-curves for hilling prediction analysis. The slope of the sub-curve for predicting soil cultivation is obtained using the slope calculation formula and used as the rate of soil penetration analysis. After taking the absolute values ​​of the rooting analysis rates corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the average value of the summation is calculated to obtain the rooting analysis mean. After taking the absolute value of the burrowing analysis rate corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the standard deviation is calculated to obtain the burrowing analysis standard deviation; The coefficient of variation was calculated by comparing the mean and standard deviation of the puncture rate to obtain the puncture rate variation analysis value.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process for determining the predicted rate of obstructed descent is as follows: If the value of the puncture rate change analysis is greater than the threshold of the puncture rate change analysis, then the puncture analysis rate corresponding to the maximum absolute value is selected as the puncture obstruction prediction rate. If the value of the puncture rate change analysis is less than or equal to the puncture rate change analysis threshold, then the summation and average of the puncture analysis rates are used as the predicted puncture obstruction rate.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process for determining the starting point of the mid-tillage and hilling prediction is as follows: Extract the root length of quinoa taproot corresponding to the planting monitoring point in the current monitoring period, as well as the threshold of the root obstruction length, and calculate the difference. Take the absolute value and calculate the ratio with the root obstruction prediction rate to obtain the time when the taproot will be obstructed. Based on the planting monitoring points within the current monitoring cycle, the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is obtained by combining the time when the main root will be obstructed.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the process of adjusting the predicted starting point of tillage and hilling based on the matching degree evaluation is as follows: If the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is later than the starting point for the main root development of quinoa within the historical planting monitoring period, it is indicated as a delayed inter-row cultivation and hilling signal. Based on the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling, the duration of the initial adjustment amount is predicted in advance to determine the adjusted predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention acquires quinoa taproot growth data over historical planting monitoring periods, analyzes root penetration obstruction in the quinoa taproot growth data to determine the periods of root penetration obstruction, acquires soil compaction data over historical planting monitoring periods, analyzes changes in soil compaction data over time to determine the periods of soil compaction, and compares these periods with the periods of root penetration obstruction to determine whether root penetration obstruction is caused by soil compaction. This allows for precise identification of key factors affecting quinoa growth, avoiding unnecessary measures and improving the efficiency and accuracy of planting management. Furthermore, in periods and areas where soil compaction is more pronounced, concentrated human, material, and financial resources can be invested in soil improvement, while in other periods and areas, resources can be used for other aspects beneficial to quinoa growth, rationally allocating planting resources and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0017] 2. This invention combines consecutive adjacent periods of normal root growth and periods of obstructed root growth due to soil compaction within a historical planting monitoring cycle. It analyzes the stability of the root growth rate within the transition phase from the normal to the obstructed period, determines the predicted rate of root obstruction, and predicts the inter-root cultivation and hilling of quinoa within the current planting monitoring cycle based on this predicted rate. The invention also determines the predicted starting point for inter-root cultivation and hilling, matches this starting point with the quinoa main root regeneration starting point, assesses the degree of matching between the predicted periods, and adjusts the predicted starting point based on the matching assessment. This avoids missing the growth rhythm of the quinoa main root due to improper timing of inter-root cultivation and hilling, thus preventing the timely utilization of loosened soil after cultivation and hilling. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the judgment process for a method to increase quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 In the cultivation of drought-resistant and lodging-resistant quinoa, the core advantages of this crop lie in its deep roots and resilient stems. Therefore, deep roots and resilient stems require a strong taproot system. However, as planting time progresses, soil compaction can hinder the taproot's development. Thus, it's crucial to determine the timing of soil cultivation and hilling to address the impact of soil compaction on taproot development. Furthermore, the timing of soil cultivation and hilling must be aligned with the growth rhythm of the quinoa taproot system. Failure to consider this rhythm could result in insufficient soil loosening after cultivation or missing the critical window for root development. Figure 1 - Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Obtain quinoa taproot growth data within the historical planting monitoring period, and perform root penetration obstruction analysis on the quinoa taproot growth data to determine the period of root penetration obstruction. It should be noted that the quinoa taproot growth data refers to the length of the quinoa taproot system in the soil during the historical planting monitoring period. In some embodiments, the historical planting monitoring period is equally divided into historical planting monitoring points, wherein the time interval between adjacent historical planting monitoring points is equal; The root length of the taproot of quinoa at each historical planting monitoring point was obtained and substituted into a two-dimensional coordinate system according to the time sequence to construct a curve of taproot length change. On the curve of primary root length variation, adjacent coordinate points are combined into a group of rooting rate analysis groups to obtain multiple groups of rooting rate analysis groups. The unit drop rate is obtained by calculating the adjacent coordinate points within each drop rate analysis group using the slope calculation formula. If the unit rooting rate is greater than or equal to the unit rooting rate threshold, it indicates that the quinoa taproot is growing normally in the soil and there is no rooting obstruction. This is displayed as a normal rooting signal. The time period between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the rooting rate analysis group corresponding to the normal rooting signal is taken as the normal rooting time period. If the rooting rate of a unit is less than the rooting rate threshold of a unit, it indicates that the rooting growth rate of quinoa taproot in the soil is abnormal and rooting is obstructed. This is displayed as a rooting obstruction signal. The time period between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the rooting rate analysis group corresponding to the rooting obstruction signal is taken as the rooting obstruction time period. Among them, the unit rooting rate threshold is used to distinguish between normal rooting and obstructed rooting. Quinoa is planted under ideal soil conditions (no compaction, suitable moisture), and the main root growth rate is continuously monitored. The average rooting rate or the minimum normal rate of multiple monitoring points is taken as the threshold. It can also be dynamically adjusted according to the planting area, soil type, quinoa variety, etc. It is a technical parameter that can be determined by those skilled in the art through routine experiments. It should be noted that the normal rooting period refers to the period during which the main root system of quinoa grows and develops normally in the soil within the historical planting monitoring period. The period of hindered rooting refers to the period during which the growth and development of the main root system of quinoa is hindered in the soil due to some kind of obstruction. This obstruction can be caused by soil compaction or by water filling the soil pores, resulting in root hypoxia. The normal rooting period can occur before or after the period of hindered rooting within the historical planting monitoring period. To further clarify, there may be instances where two periods of obstructed planting share a single historical planting monitoring point. For example, if the historical planting monitoring points corresponding to period A (obstruction) are a and b, and the historical planting monitoring points corresponding to period B (soil compaction) are b and c, then period A (obstruction) and period B (soil compaction) share the same historical planting monitoring point b. There may also be time intervals between the two periods of obstruction. For example, if the historical planting monitoring points corresponding to period A (obstruction) are a and b, and the historical planting monitoring points corresponding to period B (obstruction) are c and d, then there may be time intervals between the two periods of obstruction. The segments can be continuous or have time intervals. For any two consecutive periods of blocked puncture, if the time interval between them is 0 (i.e., they share a monitoring point), they are merged into a single complete blocked puncture period. The starting monitoring point of the first blocked puncture period is taken as the starting point of the merged period, and the ending monitoring point of the second blocked puncture period is taken as the ending point of the merged period. The merged complete period is used as a single analysis unit, replacing the original two consecutive periods. If multiple complete periods still exist after merging, they are analyzed according to time series priority (the earliest period is the core basis). It should be noted that the purpose of determining the period when root growth is hindered is that: the deep roots of quinoa are one of the key factors for its drought resistance. Deep roots can penetrate deeper into the soil to absorb water and provide a stable water supply for the plant in arid environments. After determining the period when root growth is hindered, timely soil cultivation and hilling can solve the problem of soil compaction, allowing the roots to continue to grow smoothly after the period of obstruction and promoting the formation of deep roots. Stem toughness is closely related to quinoa's lodging resistance, and deep roots provide a stable support foundation for the stem. When the period when root penetration is hindered is identified and measures are taken to ensure that the roots can penetrate smoothly, the root system can better fix the plant and provide a stable environment for stem growth. At the same time, normal root growth is also conducive to the absorption and transport of nutrients for the plant as a whole, promoting the healthy development of the stem and enhancing its toughness. When encountering external forces such as wind and rain, stems with good toughness can better resist external forces, reduce the occurrence of lodging, and thus ensure the normal growth and yield of quinoa. Step 2: Obtain soil compaction data within the historical planting monitoring period, analyze the changes in soil compaction data from a time perspective, determine the period of soil compaction, and compare it with the period of root obstruction to determine whether root obstruction is caused by soil compaction. It should be noted that the soil compaction data refers to the soil bulk density of the planting soil during the historical planting monitoring period, when the taproot system of quinoa was growing, developing and taking root in the soil. In some embodiments, the soil bulk density at each historical planting monitoring point is obtained and substituted into a two-dimensional coordinate system according to the time sequence to construct a soil bulk density change curve; On the soil bulk density change curve, mark the soil bulk density threshold on the Y-axis and draw a soil bulk density threshold line parallel to the X-axis. It should be noted that the soil bulk density threshold refers to the soil bulk density when the soil is compacted. The coordinates of the intersection points with the soil bulk density threshold line, as well as the coordinates of the points above the soil bulk density threshold line, are used as the coordinates of soil compaction. The time period between historical planting monitoring points on the X-axis corresponding to adjacent soil compaction coordinate points is taken as the soil compaction period. It should be noted that two periods of soil compaction may share a single historical planting monitoring point. For example, the historical planting monitoring points for soil compaction period C are e and f, and those for soil compaction period D are f and g. Therefore, soil compaction periods C and D share the same historical planting monitoring point f. There may also be time intervals between two soil compaction periods. For example, the historical planting monitoring points for soil compaction period C are e and f, and those for soil compaction period D are f and g. In other words, two soil compaction periods can be consecutive or have time intervals. For any two consecutive soil compaction periods, if the time interval is 0 (i.e., they share a monitoring point), they are merged into a single complete soil compaction period. The starting monitoring point of the first soil compaction period is taken as the starting point of the merged period, and the ending monitoring point of the second soil compaction period is taken as the ending point. The merged complete period is used as a single analysis unit, replacing the original two consecutive periods. If multiple complete periods still exist after merging, they are analyzed according to time series priority (the earliest period is the core basis). Within the historical planting monitoring period, the soil compaction period that coincides with the period when root penetration is hindered is taken as the period when root penetration is hindered by compaction. It should be noted that the period of obstruction of soil compaction can be the same as the period of soil compaction. The proportion of the number of periods when root binding was obstructed due to compaction was used as the percentage of periods when root binding was obstructed due to compaction. The summation of the duration of all periods when the planting was blocked due to compaction was calculated, and the ratio of this summation to the total duration of the historical planting monitoring cycle was calculated to obtain the ratio of the duration of the blocking period for the planting was compaction. The sum of the ratio of the number of obstructed knots to the ratio of the duration of obstruction is used to obtain the analysis value of the cause of obstruction. Understandably, the meaning of the obstruction cause analysis value is: to measure the degree of correlation between soil compaction and root obstruction. On the one hand, the ratio of the number of root obstruction cases reflects the proportion of cases directly caused by soil compaction among all cases of root obstruction. On the other hand, the ratio of the duration of root obstruction cases reflects the proportion of the total time of root obstruction due to soil compaction during the entire historical planting monitoring period. If the value of the obstruction cause analysis is greater than or equal to the obstruction cause analysis threshold, it indicates that the obstruction of the quinoa main root system is greatly affected by soil compaction. That is, soil compaction is likely to be the main cause of the obstruction of the root system, and it is shown as a high probability soil compaction influence signal. If the value of the cause of obstruction is less than the threshold of the cause of obstruction, it indicates that the obstruction of the root system of quinoa is less affected by soil compaction. That is, the probability that soil compaction is the main cause of root obstruction is low, and it is shown as a low probability soil compaction influence signal. Among them, the threshold for analyzing the cause of obstruction is used to determine whether soil compaction is the dominant factor in obstructing root penetration. Sample data from multiple historical planting cycles that clearly show obstruction caused by soil compaction are collected, and their obstruction cause analysis values ​​are calculated. The minimum value or the 25th percentile is taken as the threshold. It should be noted that the purpose of determining whether the obstruction of rooting is caused by soil compaction is to accurately pinpoint the key factors affecting quinoa growth. If it is determined that soil compaction is the cause, the management focus can be placed on solving the soil compaction problem, avoiding the blind adoption of other unnecessary measures, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of planting management. Understanding the relationship between soil compaction and root obstruction allows for the rational allocation of planting resources. During periods and in areas where soil compaction is more pronounced, concentrated human, material, and financial resources can be invested in soil improvement. In other periods and areas, resources can be used for other aspects that are beneficial to quinoa growth, such as fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease control, thereby optimizing resource allocation and improving resource utilization efficiency. The specific solution of this embodiment is as follows: Acquire quinoa taproot growth data within historical planting monitoring periods, and analyze the root growth data for obstruction to determine the time period of root obstruction. Acquire soil compaction data within historical planting monitoring periods, and analyze the changes in soil compaction data over time to determine the soil compaction period. Compare this data with the root obstruction period to determine whether the obstruction is caused by soil compaction. This allows for precise identification of key factors affecting quinoa growth, avoiding unnecessary measures and improving the efficiency and accuracy of planting management. Furthermore, in periods and areas where soil compaction is more pronounced, concentrated human, material, and financial resources can be invested in soil improvement. In other periods and areas, resources can be used for other aspects beneficial to quinoa growth, rationally allocating planting resources and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0022] Example 2 like Figure 1 - Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance, specifically including the following steps: Step 3: If it is determined that the rooting obstruction is caused by soil compaction, then combine consecutive adjacent periods of normal rooting and periods of obstructed rooting due to compaction within the historical planting monitoring cycle, and analyze the stability of the unit rooting rate during the transition period from the normal rooting period to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction to determine the predicted rooting obstruction rate. Based on the predicted rooting obstruction rate, predict the inter-row cultivation and hilling of the quinoa main root system in the current planting monitoring cycle, and determine the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling. In some embodiments, the normal puncture period and the puncture obstruction period in the hardened area are combined into a group of analysis and prediction groups to obtain multiple groups of analysis and prediction groups. It should be noted that the normal period of tying and the period of obstructed tying in the analysis and prediction group are different in time dimension. Specifically, the normal period of tying is before the period of obstructed tying in the historical planting monitoring cycle, and the period of obstructed tying in the historical planting monitoring cycle is after the normal period of tying. Each analysis and prediction group extracts a local curve on the main root length change curve corresponding to the transition period from the normal period of rooting to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction, and uses it as a sub-curve for soil mounding prediction analysis to obtain multiple sub-curves for soil mounding prediction analysis. The slope of the sub-curve for predicting soil cultivation is obtained using the slope calculation formula and used as the rate of soil penetration analysis. After taking the absolute values ​​of the rooting analysis rates corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the average value of the summation is calculated to obtain the rooting analysis mean. After taking the absolute value of the burrowing analysis rate corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the standard deviation is calculated to obtain the burrowing analysis standard deviation; The coefficient of variation was calculated by comparing the mean puncture rate with the standard deviation of the puncture rate to obtain the puncture rate variation analysis value. It is understandable that the meaning of the rooting rate change analysis value is: the relative degree or dispersion of the rooting rate of quinoa taproot each time it transitions from normal soil to compacted soil during the historical planting monitoring period. If the value of the rooting rate change analysis is greater than the rooting rate change analysis threshold, it indicates that the rooting rate of quinoa taproot changes significantly each time it transitions from normal soil to compacted soil, meaning that the rooting rate change is relatively unstable. Therefore, the absolute values ​​of the rooting rate analysis are compared, and the rooting rate analysis corresponding to the largest absolute value is selected as the rooting obstruction prediction rate. If the value of the rooting rate change analysis is less than or equal to the rooting rate change analysis threshold, it means that the rooting rate of quinoa taproot changes little each time it transitions from normal soil to compacted soil, that is, the rooting rate change is relatively stable. Then, the average value of the rooting rate analysis is summed and used as the predicted rooting obstruction rate. The threshold for analyzing the rate of root penetration refers to the degree to which the taproot has reached the point where cultivation and hilling are necessary. It is not set arbitrarily, but is determined based on agronomic experience and the growth pattern of quinoa roots. By analyzing the root length distribution of quinoa taproots before root penetration is obstructed in multiple historical planting cycles, the average or lower quartile of the root length before obstruction is taken as the threshold. Extract the root length of quinoa taproot corresponding to the planting monitoring point in the current monitoring period, as well as the threshold of the root obstruction length, and calculate the difference. Take the absolute value and calculate the ratio with the root obstruction prediction rate to obtain the time when the taproot will be obstructed. It should be noted that the threshold for hindered root growth refers to the degree to which the main root has grown to the point where it needs to be cultivated and hilled up. It is a pre-set critical root length value used to determine whether the main root system of quinoa has grown to the point where it is about to be affected by soil compaction and requires artificial intervention (cultivation and hilling up). By analyzing the root length distribution of quinoa taproot before the obstruction of downward growth in multiple historical planting cycles, the average or lower quartile of the root length before the obstruction occurred was taken as the threshold. It can reflect the critical root length at which the taproot system of quinoa transitions from "normal root development" to "being about to be hindered by soil compaction". By combining this threshold with the current root length and the predicted root development rate, the optimal time for inter-row cultivation and hilling can be scientifically predicted, thereby avoiding long-term root obstruction due to soil compaction, ensuring deep root development of quinoa, and improving drought resistance and lodging resistance. Based on the planting monitoring points within the current monitoring period, the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is obtained by combining the time when the main root will be obstructed. Step 4: Match the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling with the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration, evaluate the degree of matching between the predicted inter-row cultivation and hilling periods, and obtain the prediction start adjustment amount based on the matching degree evaluation, and adjust the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling. It should be noted that the quinoa taproot regeneration starting point refers to the historical starting point in which the taproot of quinoa, after being obstructed in its downward growth, resumes normal growth and development, based on the observations of those skilled in the art during multiple historical monitoring periods. The matching degree assessment includes signals of advanced tillage and hilling or signals of delayed tillage and hilling; In some embodiments, if the predicted starting point of hilling and earthing is earlier than the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration in the historical planting monitoring cycle, it indicates that the obtained predicted starting point of hilling and earthing is ahead of time, which is a signal of advanced hilling and earthing, and no adjustment operation is performed. If the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling is later than the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration within the historical planting monitoring period, it indicates that the obtained predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling is relatively lagging, which is a signal of lagging inter-row cultivation and hilling. Based on the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling, the duration of the initial adjustment amount should be predicted in advance to determine the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling after adjustment. It should be noted that the purpose of adjusting the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is as follows: Since the normal growth of the taproot system of quinoa is crucial for its drought resistance and lodging resistance, once it is determined that the root obstruction is caused by soil compaction, a series of analyses are used to obtain the predicted rate of root obstruction, thereby determining the initial predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling. However, the initial starting point may have deviations. If it is not adjusted, improper timing of inter-row cultivation and hilling may not effectively solve the problem of soil compaction hindering root growth. Therefore, reasonable adjustment of the timing of inter-row cultivation and hilling helps to form a well-developed and stable root structure, thereby improving the stability of quinoa plants, effectively resisting lodging, and laying the foundation for high yield. The specific solution in this embodiment is as follows: If it is determined that the obstruction of root growth is caused by soil compaction, then consecutive adjacent periods of normal root growth and periods of obstructed root growth due to compaction within the historical planting monitoring cycle are combined, and the unit root growth rate during the transition period from the normal root growth period to the period of obstructed root growth due to compaction is analyzed for stability to determine the predicted rate of root growth obstruction. Based on the predicted rate of root growth obstruction, the quinoa taproot system in the current planting monitoring cycle is predicted to undergo inter-row cultivation and hilling, and the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling is determined. The predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling is matched with the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration to evaluate the degree of matching of the predicted inter-row cultivation and hilling periods. Based on the evaluation of the degree of matching, the predicted starting adjustment amount is obtained, and the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling is adjusted. This avoids missing the growth rhythm of the quinoa taproot system due to improper timing of inter-row cultivation and hilling, resulting in the failure to utilize the loosened soil in a timely manner after inter-row cultivation and hilling.

[0023] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing quinoa yield by improving drought and lodging resistance, characterized in that: include: Obtain the root penetration rate during the historical planting monitoring period, and perform root penetration obstruction analysis on the root penetration rate to determine the periods of root penetration obstruction and the periods of normal root penetration. Analysis of soil compaction data during historical planting monitoring periods was conducted to determine the periods of soil compaction. These periods were then compared with the periods of root obstruction to determine whether root obstruction was caused by soil compaction. The process for determining the period of soil compaction is as follows: Obtain the soil bulk density at each historical planting monitoring point and construct a soil bulk density change curve; On the soil bulk density change curve, mark the soil bulk density threshold on the Y-axis and draw a soil bulk density threshold line parallel to the X-axis. The coordinates of the intersection points with the soil bulk density threshold line, as well as the coordinates of the points above the soil bulk density threshold line, are used as the coordinates of soil compaction. The time period between historical planting monitoring points on the X-axis corresponding to adjacent soil compaction coordinate points is defined as the soil compaction period. The process of overlapping and comparing the periods of soil compaction with the periods of root obstruction is as follows: Within the historical planting monitoring period, the soil compaction period that coincides with the period when root penetration is hindered is taken as the period when root penetration is hindered by compaction. The proportion of the number of periods when root binding was obstructed due to compaction was used as the root binding obstruction ratio. The summation of the duration of all periods when the planting was blocked due to compaction was calculated, and the ratio of this summation to the total duration of the historical planting monitoring cycle was calculated to obtain the ratio of the duration of the blocking period for the planting was compaction. The process for determining whether obstruction during drilling is caused by soil compaction is as follows: The sum of the ratio of the number of obstructed knots to the ratio of the duration of obstruction is used to obtain the analysis value of the cause of obstruction. If the value of the obstruction cause analysis is greater than or equal to the obstruction cause analysis threshold, it will be displayed as a high probability soil compaction influence signal; If the value of the obstruction cause analysis is less than the obstruction cause analysis threshold, it is displayed as a low-probability soil compaction influence signal; If it is determined that the rooting obstruction is caused by soil compaction, then consecutive adjacent periods of normal rooting and periods of obstructed rooting due to compaction within the historical planting monitoring cycle are combined, and a unit rooting rate stability analysis is performed on the transition phase from the normal rooting period to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction to determine the predicted rooting obstruction rate. In addition, the inter-row cultivation and hilling prediction is performed on the quinoa taproot system within the current planting monitoring cycle to determine the prediction starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling. The process of performing unit-level piercing rate stability analysis during the transition phase from the normal piercing period to the period of obstructed piercing due to hardening is as follows: The normal rooting period and the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction are combined into an analysis and prediction group to obtain multiple analysis and prediction groups. The local curves corresponding to the transition from the normal rooting period to the period of obstructed rooting due to compaction in each analysis and prediction group are extracted as sub-curves for hilling prediction analysis, resulting in multiple sub-curves for hilling prediction analysis. The slope of the sub-curve for predicting soil cultivation is obtained using the slope calculation formula and used as the rate of soil penetration analysis. After taking the absolute values ​​of the rooting analysis rates corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the average value of the summation is calculated to obtain the rooting analysis mean. After taking the absolute value of the burrowing analysis rate corresponding to all the soil-building prediction analysis sub-curves, the standard deviation is calculated to obtain the burrowing analysis standard deviation; The coefficient of variation was calculated by comparing the mean and standard deviation of the puncture analysis to obtain the puncture rate change analysis value. The process for determining the predicted rate of blocked puncture is as follows: If the value of the puncture rate change analysis is greater than the threshold of the puncture rate change analysis, then the puncture analysis rate corresponding to the maximum absolute value is selected as the puncture obstruction prediction rate. If the value of the puncture rate change analysis is less than or equal to the threshold of the puncture rate change analysis, then the summation and average of the puncture analysis rates are used as the predicted puncture obstruction rate. The process for determining the starting point of the inter-row cultivation and hilling prediction is as follows: Extract the root length of quinoa taproot corresponding to the planting monitoring point in the current monitoring period, as well as the threshold of the root obstruction length, and calculate the difference. Take the absolute value and calculate the ratio with the root obstruction prediction rate to obtain the time when the taproot will be obstructed. Based on the planting monitoring points within the current monitoring period, the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is obtained by combining the time when the main root will be obstructed. The predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling was matched with the starting point of quinoa taproot regeneration to evaluate the degree of matching of the predicted inter-row cultivation and hilling time periods. Based on the evaluation of the degree of matching, the predicted starting point adjustment amount was obtained and the predicted starting point of inter-row cultivation and hilling was adjusted. Based on the matching degree assessment, the process of adjusting the predicted starting point for tillage and hilling is as follows: If the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling is later than the starting point for the main root development of quinoa within the historical planting monitoring period, it is indicated as a delayed inter-row cultivation and hilling signal. Based on the predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling, the duration of the initial adjustment amount is predicted in advance to determine the adjusted predicted starting point for inter-row cultivation and hilling.

2. The method for increasing quinoa yield with drought and lodging resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analysis of puncture resistance based on puncture rate: The historical planting monitoring period was divided into historical planting monitoring points. The root length of quinoa taproot at each historical planting monitoring point was obtained, and a taproot length variation curve was constructed. On the taproot length variation curve, adjacent coordinate points were combined into a rooting rate analysis group to obtain multiple rooting rate analysis groups. The unit drop rate is obtained by calculating the adjacent coordinate points within each drop rate analysis group using the slope calculation formula.

3. The method for increasing quinoa yield with drought and lodging resistance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process for determining the periods when root penetration is obstructed and the periods when it is normal is as follows: If the unit puncture rate is greater than or equal to the unit puncture rate threshold, then the time period between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the puncture rate analysis group corresponding to the normal puncture signal is taken as the normal puncture time period. If the unit puncture rate is less than the unit puncture rate threshold, then the time interval between the X-axis coordinates of adjacent coordinate points in the puncture rate analysis group corresponding to the puncture obstruction signal is taken as the puncture obstruction time interval.

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