Rigid transparent laminate with fiber reinforced composite layer and method of manufacture and use

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of transparent laminated material, in particular to a rigid transparent laminated plate using a fiber reinforced composite layer, a preparation method and application thereof, comprising at least one rigid transparent substrate, at least one fiber reinforced composite layer and at least one adhesive layer; the adhesive layer is arranged between the rigid transparent substrate and the fiber reinforced composite layer; the fiber reinforced composite layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, and the reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer matrix. The present application uses the above-mentioned rigid transparent laminated plate using a fiber reinforced composite layer, a preparation method and application thereof, by introducing the fiber reinforced composite layer, the rigidity and load capacity of the laminated plate are significantly improved, and good optical transparency and interface stability are maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transparent laminated materials technology, and in particular to rigid transparent laminates using fiber-reinforced composite layers, their preparation methods, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the construction, automotive and electronic equipment industries, the market has increasingly stringent requirements for the comprehensive performance of transparent structural materials. They are required not only to have good optical transparency, but also to meet the requirements of high rigidity, lightweight, excellent impact resistance and long-term durability, so as to adapt to the application needs of large-span building structures, lightweight design of transportation vehicles and high-end human-machine interface devices.

[0003] Traditional transparent laminated glass often uses polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as the intermediate adhesive layer. Its stiffness is limited, making it difficult to meet the load-bearing requirements of large-span structures. If the glass thickness is simply increased to improve stiffness, it will lead to a significant increase in material weight, which goes against the trend of lightweight design.

[0004] In order to improve the stiffness of transparent laminates, homogeneous polymer materials such as polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are often used to replace traditional glass. However, they have defects such as high birefringence, poor scratch resistance, and easy stress cracking. Moreover, while improving stiffness, they often sacrifice impact resistance, making it difficult to meet the long-term reliability requirements of automobiles, buildings and other fields.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of transparent laminate material that can significantly improve stiffness and load-bearing capacity while maintaining excellent optical performance and impact resistance, and also possess good interfacial stability and durability, in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer, its preparation method, and its application. By introducing a fiber-reinforced composite layer, the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the laminate are significantly improved, while maintaining good optical transparency and interface stability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a rigid transparent laminate employing a fiber-reinforced composite layer, comprising at least one rigid transparent substrate, at least one fiber-reinforced composite layer, and at least one adhesive layer; the adhesive layer is disposed between the rigid transparent substrate and the fiber-reinforced composite layer; the fiber-reinforced composite layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer matrix.

[0008] Preferably, the thermoplastic polymer matrix is ​​selected from one or more of polyurethane, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0009] Preferably, the volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer is 5%-30%; the length of the reinforcing fibers is 1-10μm, the diameter is 50nm, and the aspect ratio is (20-200):1.

[0010] Preferably, the reinforcing fiber includes one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, and transparent polymer fiber.

[0011] Preferably, the rigid transparent substrate is one of glass, polycarbonate board, or polymethyl methacrylate board.

[0012] Preferably, the adhesive layer is one of polyvinyl butyral film, ethylene-vinyl acetate film, or ionomer film.

[0013] The above-mentioned method for preparing a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer includes the following steps: S1. The reinforcing fibers are treated with a silane coupling agent and then mixed with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The fiber-reinforced composite layer is prepared by extrusion molding or injection molding. S2. Apply an adhesive layer to one or both sides of the fiber-reinforced composite layer; S3. A rigid transparent substrate is bonded to the side of the adhesive layer away from the fiber-reinforced composite layer, and then a rigid transparent laminate is formed by hot pressing or vacuum lamination.

[0014] Preferably, in S1, extrusion molding is performed at 180-200℃ to form a fiber-reinforced composite layer with a thickness of 0.5-2.0mm; injection molding is performed at an injection temperature of 180-260℃ and cooled for 20-60s to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite layer sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0mm.

[0015] Preferably, the S3 hot pressing is performed at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa and a temperature of 120-150℃ for 20-60 minutes. Vacuum lamination is performed by evacuating the vacuum to 10. -2 Lamination was performed at mbar for 15-30 minutes at a temperature of 120-150℃ and a pressure of 8-15 bar.

[0016] The aforementioned applications of rigid transparent laminates with fiber-reinforced composite layers include large skylights, curtain walls, transparent floors, stair treads, car sunroofs, side windows, high-speed rail windows, large touch screen covers, vending machine panels, bulletproof glass for bank counters, and museum display cases.

[0017] Mechanism of the invention: This invention utilizes high aspect ratio micro / nano reinforcing fibers (1-10 μm long, 50 nm in diameter) uniformly dispersed in a thermoplastic polymer matrix at a volume content of 5%-30% to form a fiber skeleton. This achieves effective load transfer and stiffness enhancement, while the micro / nano scale, being much smaller than the visible light wavelength, significantly reduces light scattering. Surface chemical modification of the fibers using silane coupling agents, combined with macroscopic bridging of PVB / EVA adhesive layers and densification through vacuum lamination, ensures efficient compatibility and strong bonding between layers, guaranteeing load transfer and interface stability. Simultaneously, matching the optical refractive indices of each component and controlling the process to reduce defects such as bubbles and agglomeration preserves excellent optical performance. Furthermore, the multiphase structure of the rigid transparent substrate-flexible adhesive layer-fiber reinforced composite layer allows for impact energy absorption through fiber crack bridging and plastic deformation of the adhesive layer, simultaneously enhancing stiffness and impact resistance. Ultimately, this breakthrough overcomes the technical bottleneck of the contradiction between mechanical reinforcement and optical and impact resistance properties in traditional transparent laminated materials, achieving a comprehensive performance improvement of high stiffness, high transparency, high impact resistance, and high interface stability.

[0018] Therefore, the present invention, employing the above-mentioned rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer, its preparation method, and its application, has the following beneficial effects: (1) The transparent laminate of the present invention has significantly improved the bending modulus and bending strength of the laminate by introducing a fiber-reinforced composite layer made of reinforcing fibers of specific specifications, and greatly improved the stiffness and load-bearing capacity. (2) The transparent laminate of the present invention improves mechanical properties while maintaining good optical properties, meeting the transparency requirements of fields such as construction, transportation vehicles, and human-machine interface equipment; (3) The present invention improves the interfacial bonding strength between the layers of the laminate by using adhesive layer materials and optimizing the surface treatment of reinforcing fibers, and has excellent durability, thus avoiding the problems of delamination and debonding during use.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The features mentioned above or in the specific examples mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and these specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a rigid transparent laminate employing a fiber-reinforced composite layer, comprising at least one rigid transparent substrate, at least one fiber-reinforced composite layer, and at least one adhesive layer; the adhesive layer is disposed between the rigid transparent substrate and the fiber-reinforced composite layer; the fiber-reinforced composite layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer matrix.

[0022] The rigid transparent laminate of the present invention significantly improves the overall rigidity, load-bearing capacity and impact resistance while maintaining good optical transparency through the introduction of fiber-reinforced composite layers. Furthermore, the interlayer interfaces are stable and the durability is excellent.

[0023] Preferably, the thermoplastic polymer matrix is ​​selected from one or more of polyurethane, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0024] The thermoplastic polymer matrix of the present invention has good transparency, plasticity and mechanical compatibility, and can fully combine with reinforcing fibers to form a uniform composite system, ensuring a balance between the optical properties and mechanical reinforcement effect of the composite layer.

[0025] Preferably, the volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer is 5%-30%; the length of the reinforcing fibers is 1-10μm, the diameter is 50nm, and the aspect ratio is (20-200):1.

[0026] This invention ensures uniform dispersion of reinforcing fibers within the polymer matrix by limiting the volume content of the reinforcing fibers within the aforementioned range. This fully utilizes the mechanical reinforcing effect of the fibers while preventing fiber agglomeration from affecting the optical transparency of the fiber-reinforced composite layer. The reinforcing fibers of this invention are micro-nano scale, which significantly reduces light scattering at the interface between the reinforcing fibers and the polymer matrix. Simultaneously, the micro-nano fibers possess extremely high specific surface area (the specific surface area of ​​a 1μm diameter fiber is approximately 100 times that of a 100μm diameter fiber). After treatment with a silane coupling agent, they can form denser chemical bonds and mechanical interlocks with the thermoplastic polymer matrix, improving interlayer bonding strength and durability. Reinforcing fibers with an aspect ratio of (20-200):1 interlock within the thermoplastic polymer matrix to form a three-dimensional microskeleton structure. When subjected to external loads, stress is effectively transferred to the reinforcing fibers through the reinforcing fiber-thermoplastic polymer matrix interface, fully utilizing the load-bearing capacity of the reinforcing fibers.

[0027] Preferably, the reinforcing fiber includes one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, and transparent polymer fiber.

[0028] The reinforcing fibers selected in this invention all possess high modulus and high strength mechanical properties, and have good compatibility with thermoplastic polymer matrices. They can be flexibly selected according to the performance requirements of actual application scenarios, taking into account different requirements such as stiffness, transparency, and density.

[0029] Preferably, the rigid transparent substrate is one of glass, polycarbonate board, or polymethyl methacrylate board.

[0030] The rigid transparent substrate of the present invention has excellent rigidity and optical transparency. As the basic support structure of the laminate, it can provide good shape stability for the whole and has good adhesion to the adhesive layer, thus ensuring the structural integrity of the rigid transparent laminate.

[0031] Preferably, the adhesive layer is one of polyvinyl butyral film, ethylene-vinyl acetate film, or ionomer film.

[0032] The adhesive layer of the present invention has good transparency, flexibility and adhesion performance, which can achieve a firm bond between the rigid transparent substrate and the fiber-reinforced composite layer, eliminate the interlayer interface gap, absorb some impact energy, improve the impact resistance of the rigid transparent laminate, and avoid delamination and debonding during use.

[0033] The above-mentioned method for preparing a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer includes the following steps: S1. The reinforcing fibers are treated with a silane coupling agent and then mixed with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The fiber-reinforced composite layer is prepared by extrusion molding or injection molding. S2. Apply an adhesive layer to one or both sides of the fiber-reinforced composite layer; S3. A rigid transparent substrate is bonded to the side of the adhesive layer away from the fiber-reinforced composite layer, and then a rigid transparent laminate is formed by hot pressing or vacuum lamination.

[0034] Preferably, in S1, extrusion molding is performed at 180-200℃ to produce a fiber-reinforced composite sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0mm; injection molding is performed at an injection temperature of 180-260℃ and cooled for 20-60s to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0mm.

[0035] A further preferred embodiment is injection molding, wherein the reinforcing fibers treated with silane coupling agent are mixed evenly with a thermoplastic polymer matrix, and then injection molded and cooled for 20-60 seconds under the following conditions: injection temperature of 180-260℃ (180-200℃ for polyurethane, 240-260℃ for polycarbonate, and 200-230℃ for polymethyl methacrylate), mold temperature of 40-80℃, injection pressure of 80-140MPa, holding pressure of 60-100MPa, back pressure of 0.5-2MPa, screw speed of 30-60rpm, and injection speed of 30-60mm / s, to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0mm, and the molding cycle is 40-90s.

[0036] A further preferred embodiment is that the reinforcing fiber is treated with a silane coupling agent to obtain: Pre-treat the reinforcing fibers: first, ultrasonically clean with acetone for 15-30 minutes to remove surface oil and impurities, then rinse with deionized water and dry at 80-100℃ for 2-4 hours.

[0037] Preparation of silane coupling agent hydrolysate: Add the silane coupling agent (selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane KH-550 and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane KH-560) to a mixed solvent of ethanol and water (volume ratio 90:10) to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 0.5%-2.0%. Adjust the pH to 4.0-5.0 with acetic acid and stir for 30-60 min at room temperature.

[0038] The pretreated reinforcing fibers are immersed in the hydrolysate and soaked at room temperature for 20-40 minutes. The reinforcing fibers are then removed and dried at 100-120℃ for 1-2 hours to allow the silane coupling agent to condense and form a strong chemical bond layer, thus obtaining the reinforcing fibers treated with the silane coupling agent.

[0039] Preferably, the S3 hot pressing is carried out at a pressure of 0.5-1.5MPa and a temperature of 120-150℃ for 20-60 minutes; Vacuum lamination is performed by evacuating the vacuum to 10. -2 Lamination was performed at mbar for 15-30 minutes at a temperature of 120-150℃ and a pressure of 8-15 bar.

[0040] The aforementioned applications of rigid transparent laminates with fiber-reinforced composite layers include large skylights, curtain walls, transparent floors, stair treads, car sunroofs, side windows, high-speed rail windows, large touch screen covers, vending machine panels, bulletproof glass for bank counters, and museum display cases.

[0041] Example 1 This invention provides a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Glass fiber (2μm in length, 50nm in diameter, and aspect ratio of 40:1) is selected as the reinforcing fiber. The volume content of the reinforcing fiber in the fiber-reinforced composite layer is 15%. The reinforcing fiber treated with silane coupling agent is mixed with polyurethane and extruded at 200℃ into a sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm to obtain the fiber-reinforced composite layer.

[0042] S2. Apply a 0.76 mm thick polyvinyl butyral film to one or both sides of the fiber-reinforced composite layer.

[0043] S3. Lay 2mm thick tempered glass onto the side of the polyvinyl butyral film away from the fiber-reinforced composite layer, and then evacuate to 10°C in a vacuum laminator. -2 A rigid transparent laminate is formed by laminating at 12 bar for 20 minutes at a temperature of 135°C.

[0044] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer in S1 is 5%, while the rest are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0045] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer in S1 is 10%, while the rest are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0046] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer in S1 is 20%, while the rest are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0047] Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in S1, the reinforcing fibers treated with silane coupling agent are mixed with polyurethane, and injection molded and cooled for 30 seconds under the following conditions: injection temperature of 200°C, mold temperature of 60°C, injection pressure of 120MPa, holding pressure of 80MPa, back pressure of 1MPa, screw speed of 50rpm, and injection speed of 40mm / s. The molding cycle is 60s. All other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0048] Example 6 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the reinforcing fiber in S1 is basalt fiber (2 μm in length, 50 nm in diameter, and aspect ratio of 40:1), while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0049] Example 7 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the reinforcing fiber in S1 is aramid fiber (2 μm in length, 50 nm in diameter, and aspect ratio of 40:1), while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0050] Example 8 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the reinforcing fiber in S1 is a transparent polymer fiber (2 μm in length, 50 nm in diameter, and an aspect ratio of 40:1), while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0051] Example 9 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thermoplastic polymer matrix in S1 is polycarbonate, while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0052] Example 10 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thermoplastic polymer matrix in S1 is polymethyl methacrylate, while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0053] Example 11 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the adhesive layer in S2 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate film, while the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0054] Example 12 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the adhesive layer in S2 is an ionomer film, while the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0055] Example 13 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in S3, a polycarbonate plate is bonded to the side of the polyvinyl butyral film away from the fiber-reinforced composite layer, and then hot-pressed at a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 130°C for 30 minutes to form a rigid transparent laminate.

[0056] Example 14 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the rigid transparent substrate in S3 is a polymethyl methacrylate board, while the rest is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no reinforcing fibers were added in S1, and only polyurethane was used for extrusion molding; otherwise, they are the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example uses a traditional glass / polyvinyl butyral film / glass structure, with a polyvinyl butyral film thickness of 0.76 mm and a glass thickness of 2 mm.

[0059] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the reinforcing fiber in S1 is treated with plasma. During plasma treatment, the glass fiber is placed in a low-temperature plasma treatment device, with oxygen as the working gas, and treated for 5 minutes under a vacuum of 5 Pa and a discharge power of 200 W to activate the fiber surface. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Performance testing Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to three-point bending tests, optical performance tests, interface bonding strength tests, and impact performance tests. The test standards used are as follows, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Three-point bending test: According to ASTM D790 standard, the test sample size is 100mm × 20mm, the span is 80mm, the loading speed is 2mm / min, and the bending modulus and bending strength are measured.

[0062] Optical performance testing: Transmittance and haze were measured using a haze meter in accordance with ASTM D1003 standard.

[0063] Interfacial bond strength test: The interlayer bond strength is measured by tensile shear test according to ISO 4587 standard.

[0064] Impact performance test: According to ANSI / SAE Z26.1 standard, a 5-pound steel ball was dropped from different heights to impact the center of the sample, and the lowest height at which the sample broke was recorded.

[0065] Table 1 Performance test results of rigid transparent laminates with different reinforcing fiber contents

[0066] Note: The bending performance of Comparative Example 2 is mainly provided by the two layers of glass; the performance value here is that of the entire laminate.

[0067] As shown in Table 1, the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the rigid transparent laminates obtained in Examples 1-4 significantly increased with the increase of fiber content. When the reinforcing fiber content was 20% (Example 4), the flexural modulus reached 12.3 GPa, which is 5.9 times that of Comparative Example 1. In terms of optical performance, the rigid transparent laminate maintained good transparency. When the reinforcing fiber content did not exceed 15% (Examples 1-3), the light transmittance was still higher than 83%, and the haze was lower than 2.5%, meeting the optical requirements of most applications. Regarding interlayer bonding strength, Examples 1-4 of the present invention all exhibited good interfacial bonding, with strength in the range of 7.6-8.3 MPa, meeting the requirements of practical applications. In terms of impact testing, the fiber-reinforced composite laminates of Examples 1-4 showed significantly improved impact resistance. When the fiber content was 20%, the average fracture height reached 8.9 m, which is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2 (6.5 m).

[0068] Examples 1 and 6-7 were tested according to ASTM D790 standard, with sample sizes of 100mm × 20mm, a span of 80mm, and a loading speed of 2mm / min. Flexural modulus and flexural strength were measured. Light transmittance was measured using a haze meter according to ASTM D1003 standard. Density was tested according to GB / T1033.1-2008 standard. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2 Performance test results of rigid transparent laminates with different fiber types

[0070] As shown in Table 2, the rigid transparent laminate made of glass fiber has the best performance in terms of stiffness and optical transparency, while the rigid transparent laminate made of aramid fiber has the best performance in terms of strength and the lowest density. Different reinforcing fibers can be selected according to specific application requirements.

[0071] The bond strength of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 was tested according to ASTM F521-22, "Standard Test Method for Bond Integrity of Transparent Laminates". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0072] Table 3. Test results of adhesive strength of transparent laminates with different rigidities

[0073] As shown in Table 3, the initial bond strength of Example 1 reached 8.5 MPa, and the strength retention rate after the durability test was 84.7%, which was better than that of Comparative Example 3. This indicates that the surface treatment of reinforcing fibers with silane coupling agent can significantly improve the interfacial bond strength and durability of the laminate, and the silane coupling agent treatment has the best effect.

[0074] The rigid transparent laminate prepared in Example 1 was applied to a building curtain wall model, and the following tests were conducted: Wind pressure test: Withstands positive and negative wind pressure of 1.5 kPa, deflection less than L / 200 (L is the span); Weather resistance test: After 1000 hours of xenon lamp aging, the light transmittance decreased by less than 3%, and the color change ΔE < 1.5; Impact resistance test: A 1kg steel ball was dropped from a height of 3m and no penetrating damage was observed.

[0075] Test results show that the rigid transparent laminate of the present invention meets the safety and performance requirements of building curtain walls.

[0076] Therefore, the rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layers described above, along with its preparation method and application, produces a rigid transparent laminate that combines high rigidity, excellent optical properties, impact resistance, and interface stability. It also achieves a lightweight design and can be widely used in the construction, transportation, human-machine interface, and safety protection fields, showing broad market application prospects. The preparation method is simple and highly controllable, and can be industrialized using conventional extrusion / injection molding and vacuum lamination equipment. Furthermore, the type of reinforcing fiber, volume content, lamination structure, and process parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the performance requirements of different application fields, demonstrating strong adaptability and suitability for large-scale promotion and application.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer, characterized in that: It includes at least one rigid transparent substrate, at least one fiber-reinforced composite layer, and at least one adhesive layer; An adhesive layer is disposed between a rigid transparent substrate and a fiber-reinforced composite layer; the fiber-reinforced composite layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer matrix and reinforcing fibers, with the reinforcing fibers dispersed in the thermoplastic polymer matrix.

2. The rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoplastic polymer matrix is ​​one or more of polyurethane, polycarbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate.

3. The rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume content of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite layer is 5%-30%; the length of the reinforcing fibers is 1-10μm, the diameter is 50nm, and the aspect ratio is (20-200):

1.

4. The rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reinforcing fibers include one or more of glass fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, and transparent polymer fibers.

5. The rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid transparent substrate is one of glass, polycarbonate board, or polymethyl methacrylate board.

6. The rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive layer is one of the following: polyvinyl butyral film, ethylene-vinyl acetate film, or ionomer film.

7. The method for preparing a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The reinforcing fibers are treated with a silane coupling agent and then mixed with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. The fiber-reinforced composite layer is prepared by extrusion molding or injection molding. S2. Apply an adhesive layer to one or both sides of the fiber-reinforced composite layer; S3. A rigid transparent substrate is bonded to the side of the adhesive layer away from the fiber-reinforced composite layer, and then a rigid transparent laminate is formed by hot pressing or vacuum lamination.

8. The method for preparing a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S1, extrusion molding is performed at 180-200℃ to form a fiber-reinforced composite sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm; Injection molding involves injection molding at an injection temperature of 180-260℃ and cooling for 20-60 seconds to obtain fiber-reinforced composite sheet with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm.

9. The method for preparing a rigid transparent laminate with a fiber-reinforced composite layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: S3 hot pressing is performed at a pressure of 0.5-1.5MPa and a temperature of 120-150℃ for 20-60 minutes. Vacuum lamination is performed by evacuating the vacuum to 10. -2 Lamination was performed at a temperature of 120-150℃ and a pressure of 8-15 bar for 15-30 minutes.

10. The application of the rigid transparent laminate with fiber-reinforced composite layer as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Applications include large skylights, curtain walls, transparent floors, stair treads, car sunroofs, side windows, high-speed rail windows, large touch screen covers, vending machine panels, bulletproof glass for bank counters, and museum display cases.

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