Power latch assembly for a motor vehicle

Abstract

A power latch assembly for a motor vehicle has a housing supporting a pawl and a ratchet wheel and a power release actuator arranged to move a power release gear wheel having a stop surface from a home position to a release position to move the pawl from a ratchet wheel retaining position to a ratchet wheel release position and to move the ratchet wheel from a striker capture position to a striker release position. The housing has secured thereto a stop bumper formed of a resilient material. The stop bumper has an abutment surface configured for engagement with the stop surface of the power release gear wheel when the power release gear wheel is in the home position. At least one containment wall is arranged to prevent expansion of the stop bumper when the stop surface of the power release gear wheel is engaged with the abutment surface of the stop bumper.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 742,678, filed January 7, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to a closing latch assembly of the type installed in a closing panel used in a motor vehicle closing system. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a closing latch assembly having a power-operated actuator capable of operating in a powered state to drive a power release gear to actuate the closing latch assembly, whereby, upon completion of actuation, the power release gear returns to the end of its stroke that engages with a power release gear buffer. Background Technology

[0003] This section provides background information related to closing latches and is not necessarily prior art for closing latches disclosed herein.

[0004] Given consumer demand for motor vehicles equipped with advanced comfort and convenience features, many modern vehicles now feature a "powered" characteristic provided by a latching assembly mounted to a closure panel and equipped with a latching mechanism, a power-operated latch release mechanism, and / or a power-operated latch pull mechanism. Typically, the latching mechanism includes a ratchet and pawl arrangement configured to latch the closure panel in a closed position by releasably engaging and retaining a pin mounted to a structural part of the vehicle, with the ratchet held in a pin-capture position. The ratchet is held in its pin-capture position by mechanically engaging the pawl in the ratchet-hold position. In many latching assemblies, the latching mechanism is configured such that the pawl can operate in its ratchet-hold position to mechanically engage and retain the ratchet in at least two different pin-capture positions, namely a secondary (i.e., "soft-close") pin-capture position and a primary (i.e., "hard-close") pin-capture position.

[0005] In a closing latch assembly providing a power release feature, the power release actuator is selectively actuated to drive the power release gear, causing the latch release mechanism to move the pawl from its ratchet holding position to the ratchet release position. This allows the ratchet biasing device to forcibly pivot the ratchet from its pin-capturing position to the pin-release position for releasing the pin and allowing the closing panel to move from its closed position to the open position. In a closing latch assembly providing a power pull feature, the latch pull mechanism can be driven by the power release gear to pivot the ratchet from the secondary pin-capturing position to its primary pin-capturing position, while the pawl remains in its ratchet holding position, thereby pulling the closing panel from the partially closed position to the fully closed position. Upon completion of the corresponding function, the power release gear returns to the end of the travel stop feature. Over time, the stop feature tends to deteriorate due to collisions with the power release gear, and therefore, the function of the closing latch assembly may be impaired. For example, the expected return position of the power release gear may be affected, the stop member may deform and engage with the power release gear frictionally, thereby affecting the expected movement of the power release gear and potentially causing noise.

[0006] In light of the above, it has been recognized that there is a need to address the existing drawbacks associated with power-operated closing latch assemblies and to provide solutions that advance existing technologies while still meeting all safety and regulatory requirements, such as motor reset mechanisms configured to provide non-powered reset functionality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This section provides a general overview of the disclosure and is not intended to be construed as a complete and comprehensive enumeration of the entire scope of the disclosure or all aspects, advantages, objectives and / or features of the disclosure.

[0008] One aspect of this disclosure is to provide a closing latch assembly having a power-operated actuator and a reset mechanism. The power-operated actuator is operable in a powered state to drive a power release gear and switch an actuable mechanism from a non-actuated state to an actuated state. The reset mechanism is used to subsequently return the power release gear to its original position engaged with a power release gear stop buffer, wherein the power release gear stop buffer is configured to resist damage.

[0009] Based on these and other aspects, this disclosure relates to a power latch assembly for a motor vehicle. The power latch assembly includes a housing supporting a pawl and a ratchet. Furthermore, a power release actuator is arranged to move a power release gear having a stop surface from an initial position to a release position and back to the initial position. In the release position, the pawl moves from a ratchet holding position to a ratchet release position. In the ratchet holding position, the ratchet is in a pin-capture position engaged with a pin latch to hold a closed panel in a closed position. In the ratchet release position, the ratchet moves to a pin-release position disengaged from the pin latch to allow the closed panel to move from the closed position to the open position. Additionally, a stop buffer is fixed to the housing. The stop buffer is formed of an elastic material and has an abutment surface configured to engage with the stop surface of the power release gear when the power release gear is in the initial position.

[0010] According to another aspect of this disclosure, at least one receiving wall may be arranged to prevent the stop buffer from expanding when the stop surface of the power release gear engages with the abutting surface of the stop buffer.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, at least one receiving wall includes a radial receiving wall arranged to prevent the stop buffer from expanding radially outward when the stop surface of the power release gear engages with the abutting surface of the stop buffer.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, at least one receiving wall includes a side receiving wall arranged to prevent the stop buffer from expanding laterally when the stop surface of the power release gear engages with the abutting surface of the stop buffer.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the stop surface has a plurality of clamping features forming a non-planar surface, the non-planar surface being configured to promote elastic deformation of the abutment surface to conform to the clamping features.

[0014] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the multiple clamping features include multiple ribs spaced apart from each other by the valley.

[0015] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the clamping feature extends along a first plane inclined relative to the second plane, wherein the second plane is parallel to the axis of rotation of the power release gear.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the stop buffer has a recessed cavity facing the sidewall of the power release gear to prevent the stop buffer from laterally expanding into engagement with the sidewall of the power release gear.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the contact surface is non-planar.

[0018] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the contact surface is convex.

[0019] Other areas of application will become apparent from the description provided herein. The descriptions and specific examples in this invention are intended to illustrate certain non-limiting embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only, illustrating selected non-limiting embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. In this regard, the drawings include:

[0021] Figure 1 It is an isometric view of a motor vehicle with a passenger door equipped with a closing latch assembly embodying the teachings of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of a closed latch assembly equipped with a latching mechanism, a power-operated latch release mechanism, and a power-release gear stop buffer, constructed according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 3 The image shows a photograph of the latch housing, in which the power release gear stop buffer is fixed to the latch housing, and the power release gear is shown as being removed for clarity only;

[0024] Figure 4A It is a photograph illustrating the three-dimensional view of the power release gear and its buffer clamping features;

[0025] Figure 4B It is a photograph of a top view illustrating the power release gear and its buffer clamping features;

[0026] Figure 4C It is a photograph of a side view illustrating the power release gear and its buffer clamping features;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a partial perspective view of the power release gear stop buffer component fixed to the housing of the closing latch assembly;

[0028] Figure 6A It is a partial side view of the power release gear and housing, wherein the power release gear stop buffer is about to be engaged by the buffer clamping feature of the power release gear;

[0029] Figure 6B yes Figure 6A A magnified view of a portion of the view; and

[0030] Figure 7 This is a partial top view of the housing wall of the power release gear and the housing. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Generally, exemplary embodiments of a closing latch assembly of the type configured for a closing panel of a motor vehicle, constructed according to the teachings of this disclosure, will now be disclosed. Exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. Numerous specific details, such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details are not required and that the exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms, and these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. In some exemplary embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail because, given the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will readily understand these well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known techniques.

[0032] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Unless expressly identified as the order of execution, the method steps, processes, and operations described herein should not be construed as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order discussed or illustrated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0033] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on" another element or layer, "joined" to another element or layer, "connected" to another element or layer, or "attached" to another element or layer, the element or layer may be directly on, joined to, connected to, or attached to the other element or layer, or there may be intermediate elements or layers present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element or layer, "directly joined" to another element or layer, "directly connected" to another element or layer, or "directly attached" to another element or layer, there may be no intermediate elements or layers present. Other terms used to describe relationships between elements should be interpreted in the same manner (e.g., "between" and "directly between," "adjacent" and "directly adjacent," etc.). As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or portion from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments, the first element, component, region, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or portion.

[0035] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “inner,” “outer,” “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “top,” “bottom,” etc., are used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. In addition to the orientations depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features will be oriented as “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the example term “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotation or other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0036] First refer to Figure 1 As an example and not a limitation, a power latch assembly, also known as a closing latch assembly 10, for a closing panel, such as a passenger door 12 of motor vehicle 14, is shown positioned along the rear edge portion 16 of the door 12, and the power latch assembly is configured to releasably engage a striker 18 fastened in a door opening 20 formed in the vehicle body 22 in response to the door 12 moving from an open position (shown) to a closed position. The door 12 includes an outer door handle 24 and an inner door handle 26, both of which are operatively (i.e., electrically and / or mechanically) coupled to the closing latch 10.

[0037] Now refer to Figure 2A non-limiting embodiment of the closing latch assembly 10 is shown as generally comprising a latching mechanism, a latch release mechanism, a power release actuator 45, and a power locking actuator 63. The latching mechanism includes a ratchet 30 and a pawl 32. The ratchet 30 is mounted to the latch housing 15 and is shown as being pivotally supported by at least one frame plate of the latch housing 15, also referred to as a backplate or latch plate 15a. The ratchet 30 is pivotally movable between a first or "pin-captured" position and a second or "pin-released" position, in which the ratchet 30 holds the pin 18 in the latched position to keep the door 12 fully closed, and in the second or "pin-released" position, the ratchet 30 allows the pin 18 to be released, thereby allowing the door 12 to move to the open position. A ratchet biasing member, such as a torsion spring 34, biases the ratchet 30 toward its pin-released position. Pad 32 is also mounted to latch housing 15, shown as being mounted to latch plate 15a, and is pivotally movable relative to latch plate 15a and relative to ratchet 30 between a first or "ratchet hold" position and a second or "ratchet release" position. In the first or "ratchet hold" position, pad 32 holds ratchet 30 in its pin-capture position; in the second or "ratchet release" position, pad 32 allows ratchet 30 to move to its pin-release position under bias applied by ratchet biasing member 34. Pad biasing member, such as coil spring 36, biases pad 32 toward its ratchet hold position. When pad 32 is in its ratchet hold position to mechanically hold ratchet 30 in its pin-capture position, the latching mechanism is considered to operate in the latched state. Conversely, when pad 32 is in its ratchet release position and ratchet 30 is in its pin-release position, the latching mechanism is considered to operate in the unlocked state.

[0038] The latch release mechanism includes, among other things, a pawl release lever 40 configured for operatively engaging with the pawl 32. The pawl release lever 40 is movable between a first or "pawl released" position and a second or "original" position. In the first or "pawl released" position, the pawl release lever 40 is operatively engaged with the pawl 32 and moves the pawl 32 from its ratchet-hold position to its ratchet-release position. In the second or "original" position, the pawl release lever 40 allows the pawl 32 to be biased by the pawl biasing member 36 and releasably held in its ratchet-hold position. A pawl release lever biasing member, such as a suitable pawl release lever spring 42, is provided to bias the pawl release lever 40 to its original position. The pawl release lever 40 can be moved from its original position to its pawl-release position by several components other than the power release actuator 45, such as an internal handle actuated release mechanism and / or an external handle actuated release mechanism. When the pawl release lever 40 is in its original position, the latch release mechanism is limited to operation in the non-actuated state. Conversely, when the pawl release lever 40 is in its pawl-released position, the latch release mechanism is limited to operation in the actuated state.

[0039] The power release actuator 45 includes, among other things, a power release electric motor 46 having a rotatable motor shaft 48; a power release worm gear 50 secured to rotate with the motor shaft 48; a power release gear 52; and a power release cam 54. The power release worm gear 50, power release gear 52, and power release cam 54 are examples of components forming a “release chain” between the motor 46 and the actuable mechanism, and may also include other rods and gears, as well as interconnections, for linking the rotation of the shaft 48 to the movement of the actuable mechanism. Components of the kinematic chain are pivotally mounted about a pivot, such as an axis, such that a reset mechanism can move, for example, rotate a component of the kinematic chain by acting on an axis supporting the rotation of the kinematic chain components, for example, in a manner described in more detail below. The power release cam 54 is connected to rotate with the power release gear 52 and is rotatable between a first position range or a “pawl released” position range and a second position range or a “pawl not released” position range. The power release gear 52 is driven by the worm gear 50 in response to the actuation of the power release motor 46, and the power release gear 52 in turn drives the power release cam 54, which controls the pivoting movement of the pawl release lever 40 between its original position and the pawl release position. The meshing characteristics of the power release gear 52 and the worm gear 50 establish a reduction ratio torque increase between the motor shaft 48 and the power release cam 54.

[0040] The power release actuator 45 can be used as part of a passive entry system to provide a power release feature. When a person approaches the vehicle 14 with an electronic key card and actuates the exterior door handle 24, the electronic latch release system associated with the vehicle 14 senses both the presence of the key card and that the exterior door handle 24 has been actuated (e.g., via communication between a switch 28 and an electronic control unit (ECU), shown at 60, which at least partially controls the operation of the closed latch assembly 10). The ECU 60 then actuates the power release actuator 45 to actuate the motor 46 of the latch release mechanism, thereby releasing the latch mechanism and disengaging the closed latch assembly 10 to open the door 12.

[0041] The power-locking actuator 63 controls the operative connection between the internal release lever 62 and the pawl release lever 40, which are associated with the internal door release mechanism. The power-locking actuator 63 also includes, among other things, a power-locking electric motor 64 and a lock 66.

[0042] As discussed above, in response to actuation of the power release motor 46, the power release gear 52 is driven by the worm gear 50. The power release gear 52 has an initial position in which its stop surface 70 engages with a power release gear stop buffer, hereinafter referred to as stop buffer 72. The stop buffer 72 is fixed to the latch housing 15 and can be integrally formed with the latch housing 15, for example, by overmolding, rather than limitation. Alternatively, the stop buffer 72 can be formed as a separate component and subsequently fixed to the latch housing 15. In any case, the stop buffer 72 is fixed to prevent movement relative to the latch housing 15.

[0043] The stop buffer 72 is formed of an elastic, compliant material, such as a suitable polymer, for example rubber, and thus prevents unwanted noise during the collision of the power release gear 52 with the stop surface 70 when it reaches its original position. The stop buffer 72 is constrained by a radial receiving wall 74a to prevent unwanted radial expansion, wherein the radial direction is relative to the direction extending radially outward from the axis of rotation A of the power release gear 52. The stop buffer 72 is also constrained by a lateral receiving wall 74b during engagement and collision with the stop surface 70 to prevent unwanted lateral expansion, wherein the lateral expansion is along an axial direction generally parallel to the axis of rotation A of the power release gear 52. Illustratively, the radial receiving wall 74a and the lateral receiving wall 74b form a receiving feature configured to resist forces applied to the stop buffer 72 by the stop surface 70, such that the stop buffer 72 is primarily subjected to compression. The stop buffer 72 is defined by the receiving feature of the housing 15, such that the stop surface 70 of the power release gear 52 is configured to push and compress the stop buffer against the receiving feature. The stop surface 70 of the power release gear 52 is configured to apply an axially oriented force (see...). Figure 7 (shown as "downward force component") and radially oriented force (see...) Figure 6A At least one of the following (shown as "radial force") is used to press the stop buffer 72 against a receiving feature provided at least in the axial and radial directions. The receiving feature is configured to provide surfaces in both the radial and axial directions to resist the stop buffer 72. In other words, the stop buffer 72 can press against two surfaces of the housing 15 to provide resistance against the stop buffer 72 in both the radial and axial directions. In the illustrative embodiment, the stop surface 70 of the power release gear 52 is angled in both the axial and radial directions. Therefore, the radial receiving wall 74a and the side receiving wall 74b prevent undesirable radial outward expansion and lateral expansion of the stop buffer 72 of the power release gear 52 during the collision of the stop buffer 72 with the stop surface 70. The radial receiving wall 74a and the side receiving wall 74b can be formed as an integral piece of material together with the housing 15 by means of example and not limitation, such as by molding operations, or can be formed from separate pieces of material and subsequently fixed to the housing 15. By preventing undesirable deformation of the stop buffer 72, the shear stress on the stop buffer 72 is reduced during use, and the stop buffer 72 is protected from damage (wear, cutting, etc.), thereby maintaining the operational integrity of the stop buffer 72 and allowing the stop buffer 72 to function as expected over a long service life.

[0044] To further enhance the optimal and durable performance of the stop buffer 72, the stop surface 70 may be configured with a plurality of friction-enhancing clamping features referred to as clamping features 76. The clamping features 76 form a non-planar surface, shown as laterally extending peaks defined by ribs R (extending generally parallel to the axis of rotation A of the power release gear 52) and valleys V defined between adjacent ribs R. Furthermore, the stop buffer 72 may be configured with a profiled non-planar abutment surface 78, shown as arcuate, and more specifically convex.

[0045] The stop surface 70 and the clamping feature 76 on the stop surface 70 extend along a first plane P1 that is inclined relative to the second plane P2, wherein the second plane P2 is parallel to the axis of rotation A of the power release gear 52. Figure 4B and Figure 7 In the case where the clamping feature 76 has ribs R and valleys V, the clamping feature 76 is configured to promote elastic deformation of the elastic material of the stop buffer 72 when engaged between the clamping feature 76 and the stop buffer 72, so that the stop buffer 72 elastically deforms and conforms to the clamping feature 76 and sinks into the valleys V under compression, thereby minimizing the forces that tend to cause undesirable radial and lateral deformation of the stop buffer 72. Furthermore, as those skilled in the art will understand upon reviewing this disclosure, given the angular relationship and forces generated during the collision between the stop surface 70 of the power release gear 52 and the abutment surface 78 of the stop buffer 72, as per [the relevant information]... Figure 6A and Figure 7 As shown and discussed, the inclined relationship between the stop surface 70 and the abutment surface 78 helps to reduce damage and unwanted deformation of the stop buffer 72.

[0046] The stop buffer 72 also has another feature that enhances performance: a recessed surface in the stop buffer 72, also referred to as a notch or cavity 80, wherein the cavity 80 is oriented to face the sidewall 52a of the driven gear of the power release gear 52. The cavity 80 is formed by the sidewall 82a of the stop buffer 72. Figure 5 A hollow gap is formed within the cavity. The recess 80 prevents the stop buffer 72 from laterally expanding to engage with the driven gear of the power release gear 52, and therefore prevents friction between the driven gear of the power release gear 52 and the stop buffer 72 during compression of the stop buffer 72 when the stop surface 70 of the power release gear 52 collides with the abutment surface 78 of the stop buffer 72.

[0047] While the foregoing description constitutes several embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that the invention may be subject to further modifications and changes without departing from the fair interpretation and intended meaning of the appended claims.

[0048] The foregoing description of embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of this disclosure. Various elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but are interchangeable where applicable and may be used in selected embodiments even if not specifically shown or described. Various elements or features of a particular embodiment may also vary in many ways. Such variations should not be considered as departing from this disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A power latch assembly (10) for a motor vehicle (14), the power latch assembly (10) comprising: Housing (15), which supports pawl (32) and ratchet (30); A power release actuator (45) is arranged to move a power release gear (52) having a stop surface (70) from an original position to a release position and back to the original position, in which the pawl (32) is moved from a ratchet holding position to a ratchet release position, in which the ratchet (30) is in a ratchet catch position engaged with a bolt (18) to hold the closed panel (12) in a closed position, and in the ratchet release position, the ratchet (30) is moved to a ratchet release position disengaged from the bolt (18) to allow the closed panel (12) to move from the closed position to the open position; as well as A stop buffer (72) is fixed to the housing (15). The stop buffer (72) is formed of an elastic material and has an abutment surface (78) configured to engage with the stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) when the power release gear (52) is in the original position.

2. The power latch assembly (10) according to claim 1 further includes at least one receiving wall (74a, 74b) arranged to prevent the stop buffer (72) from expanding when the stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) engages with the abutment surface (78) of the stop buffer (72).

3. The power latch assembly according to claim 2, wherein, The at least one receiving wall includes a radial receiving wall (74a) arranged to prevent the stop buffer (72) from radially expanding outward when the stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) engages with the abutment surface (78) of the stop buffer (72).

4. The power latch assembly according to claim 2, wherein, The at least one receiving wall includes a side receiving wall (74b) arranged to prevent the stop buffer (72) from expanding laterally when the stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) engages with the abutment surface (78) of the stop buffer (72).

5. The power latch assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The stop surface (70) has a plurality of clamping features (76) forming a non-planar surface, the non-planar surface being configured to facilitate the elastic deformation of the abutment surface (78) to conform to the clamping features (76).

6. The power latch assembly according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of clamping features (76) include a plurality of ribs (R) spaced apart from each other by the valley (V).

7. The power latch assembly according to claim 5, wherein, The clamping feature (76) extends along a first plane (P1) that is inclined relative to the second plane (P2), wherein the second plane (P2) is parallel to the axis of rotation (A) of the power release gear (52).

8. The power latch assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The stop buffer (72) has a recess (80) facing the sidewall (52a) of the power release gear (52) to prevent the stop buffer (72) from laterally expanding to engage with the sidewall (52a) of the power release gear (52).

9. The power latch assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The stop buffer (72) is defined by the receiving feature of the housing (15), wherein the stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) is configured to press the stop buffer against the receiving feature.

10. The power latch assembly according to claim 9, wherein, The stop surface (70) of the power release gear (52) is configured to apply at least one of a radially oriented force and an axially oriented force, the at least one of the radially oriented force and the axially oriented force causing the stop buffer (72) to press against the receiving feature.

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