A method and related device for on-line determination of fan blade leading edge erosion

Abstract

This invention provides an online method and related device for determining leading-edge erosion of wind turbine blades, belonging to the technical field of wind turbine blade reliability assessment. It includes the following steps: acquiring steady-state operating data of the wind turbine to be assessed at the current moment; calculating the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference corresponding to the current moment based on the steady-state operating data; calculating the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual based on the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference, respectively; calculating the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual; and determining whether leading-edge erosion has occurred on the blades of the wind turbine to be assessed at the current moment based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index. This invention provides a highly reliable, low-false-report rate, and easily implementable erosion determination method for online continuous monitoring of the leading-edge status of a large number of wind turbines in service in wind farms, early warning of minor erosion, and intelligent operation and maintenance decision-making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wind turbine blade condition monitoring and operation and maintenance assessment, specifically involving an online method and related device for determining leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] To reduce costs and increase efficiency, wind turbines are continuously developing towards larger sizes, longer blades, and higher tip speed ratios. As the rotor radius increases, the linear velocity of the airfoil section near the blade tip significantly increases, making the blade leading edge highly susceptible to severe erosion damage in complex meteorological environments (such as rain and sandstorms). Once leading-edge erosion develops, it directly leads to increased blade surface roughness, leading-edge shape blunting, and coating loss, resulting in a decrease in aerodynamic lift-to-drag ratio, power loss, and increased load fluctuations. For offshore wind power and turbines in high-wind-sand / high-rainfall areas, leading-edge erosion has become a significant constraint affecting blade life and the economic benefits of the wind farm throughout its entire lifecycle. Therefore, predicting the degree of rain erosion at the leading edge of wind turbine blades has significant engineering value.

[0003] Existing methods for monitoring and assessing leading-edge erosion on wind turbine blades can be broadly categorized into three approaches: visual inspection during turbine shutdown, monitoring with additional high-precision sensors, and pure aerodynamic proxy models based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. While visual inspection methods based on drone aerial photography or human observation are intuitive, they require significant manpower and time, must be conducted with the turbine shut down, cannot achieve continuous online monitoring, and are difficult to implement under adverse weather conditions. Methods based on additional high-precision sensors (such as ultrasonic flaw detectors, fiber optic strain gauges, and active infrared thermal imaging) offer high detection accuracy, but hardware modifications are extremely costly, and system deployment is highly complex. For the vast number of aging turbines already in service and large offshore wind turbines, engineering upgrades are extremely difficult to implement. To reduce costs, engineering practices currently favor pure aerodynamic performance monitoring methods (such as power curves / kinetic energy residuals) based on conventional SCADA data. These methods offer advantages such as easy data acquisition and fast computation.

[0004] However, in the real and ever-changing wind farm environment, the active power reduction of wind turbines is severely affected by numerous non-erosive "environmental noises," such as yaw error, gust turbulence, grid curtailment commands, and pitch control dead zones. Simply equating power attenuation with leading-edge erosion of the wind turbine blades results in an extremely high false alarm rate; especially in the early stages of leading-edge erosion, the extremely weak aerodynamic power attenuation signal is often completely drowned out by the massive environmental random noise (extremely low signal-to-noise ratio), causing the purely aerodynamic determination method to fail in practical engineering applications.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an online determination method that can effectively break through strong background noise and accurately capture weak erosion signals while maintaining extremely high engineering deployability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online method and related device for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, which is used to evaluate the online status of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades and solves the defect of false alarm rate in existing online methods for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an online method for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, comprising the following steps: Obtain the steady-state operating data of the wind turbine to be evaluated at the current moment; Calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment based on steady-state operating data; Calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline power; Calculate the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference; Calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual; The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is used to determine whether the blades of the wind turbine to be evaluated are experiencing leading-edge erosion at the current moment.

[0008] Preferably, the calculation of the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment based on steady-state operating data includes: The steady-state operating data includes the average wind speed at hub height; Based on the average wind speed at hub height, the theoretical baseline power at the current moment is calculated using the following formula:

[0009] in, air density; To cut in wind speed; Rated wind speed; This is the theoretical maximum wind energy utilization coefficient; Rated power; The impeller sweep area; The average wind speed at the hub height; This represents the theoretical baseline power at the current time based on the average wind speed. Based on the average wind speed at the hub height, calculate the local combined velocity and theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the blade target monitoring area at the current moment; Based on the local combined velocity and theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the blade target monitoring area at the current moment, the theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment is calculated using the following formula:

[0010] in, This represents the theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment. The boundary layer temperature recovery coefficient; The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure; This represents the solar radiation at the current moment. The local combined velocity of the target monitoring area of ​​the blade; This is the theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0011] Preferably, the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment is calculated based on the theoretical baseline power. Specifically, the method is as follows: The steady-state operating data includes the actual active power of the generator; Based on the theoretical baseline power and the actual active power of the generator, the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment is calculated using the following formula:

[0012] in, For the current moment The corresponding aerodynamic power residual; This represents the theoretical baseline power. For the current moment The corresponding actual active power of the generator.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature residual at the current moment is calculated based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference. Specifically, the method is as follows: The steady-state operating data includes the ambient temperature outside the nacelle and the actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade. Based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference, the external ambient temperature of the nacelle, and the actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade, the temperature residual at the current moment is calculated using the following formula:

[0014] in, For the current moment The corresponding temperature residual; For the current moment The actual measured temperature of the corresponding blade leading edge target monitoring area; For the current moment The corresponding ambient temperature outside the cabin; For the current moment The corresponding theoretical baseline temperature difference.

[0015] Preferably, the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is calculated based on the aerodynamic power residual and the temperature residual. Specifically, the method is as follows: The dynamic wind speed segment calibration method is used to obtain the standard deviation of power residuals and temperature residuals of the wind turbine under specific operating conditions. Based on the aerodynamic power residual, temperature residual, standard deviation of power residual, and standard deviation of temperature residual, the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is calculated using the following formula:

[0016] in, The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index; and These are the thermodynamic dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio and the aerodynamic power dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. The set noise dead zone threshold; For the natural constant An exponential function with base 0; This is the sensitivity adjustment constant; It is a non-linear contrast enhancement index; This is the aerodynamic attenuation weighting coefficient; This is a confirmatory item for aerodynamic attenuation; This is an activation item for temperature anomalies; For the current moment Temperature residual; This represents the standard deviation of the temperature residuals. The standard deviation of the power residual; For the current moment The corresponding aerodynamic power residual.

[0017] Preferably, the method for determining whether the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment is based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index. The specific method is as follows: The moving average value of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index was calculated by performing a moving average process on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index. The moving average of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is used to determine whether the blades of the wind turbine to be evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment.

[0018] Preferably, the method for determining whether the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment is based on the moving average of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index. Specifically, the method is as follows: like If the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment are determined to be free from leading-edge erosion, or the degree of erosion is extremely small and the blades are in a stable equilibrium state. like If so, it is determined that the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment have suffered severe leading-edge erosion; in, This is the threshold for erosion warning.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides an online system for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, comprising: The operation data acquisition unit is used to acquire steady-state operation data of the wind turbine to be evaluated in a continuous time series. The theoretical baseline parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the average wind speed corresponding to time t based on steady-state operating data. The residual parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline power; Calculate the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference; The coupling amplification index calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual. The blade leading edge erosion determination unit is used to determine whether the blade of the wind turbine to be evaluated has experienced leading edge erosion at the current moment based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the method described thereon.

[0021] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, the computer program product including computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, implement the method described.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides an online method for determining leading-edge erosion of wind turbine blades. Using the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index as the core state observation indicator, it relies solely on readily available and common SCADA operating data from wind farms and low-cost blade surface temperature data. Compared to costly deployment of additional sensor hardware solutions such as ultrasonic / fiber optic sensors, or high-fidelity fluid dynamics simulation models requiring massive computing power, this method is simple, reliable, highly noise-resistant, easily interpretable, has extremely low technical modification costs, and is easily implemented on existing wind turbines. It provides a highly reliable, low-false-report, and easily implementable erosion determination method for online continuous monitoring of the leading-edge state of a large number of wind turbines in service, early warning of minor erosion, and intelligent operation and maintenance decision-making.

[0023] Furthermore, the boundary layer convective heat transfer law and Newton's law of cooling are embedded into the thermal baseline calculation, and dimensionless processing of characteristic residuals is performed in conjunction with dynamic wind speed segment calibration. This ensures that the model remains self-consistent under different wind speed ranges and variable weather conditions, effectively eliminating the massive background noise caused by natural cooling and ambient temperature fluctuations. It can more accurately pinpoint the real thermophysical response caused by erosion roughness transition. Compared to the single pure aerodynamic power attenuation proxy index method, which is easily affected by non-erosion factors such as yaw and power rationing, resulting in a high false alarm rate, this method constructs a nonlinear cross-validation function containing exponential activation and logarithmic confirmation terms. This function performs cross-physical field dimension logical verification and product-level amplification of microscopic boundary layer thermodynamic anomalies and macroscopic overall aerodynamic performance attenuation. It can keenly extract early weak erosion signals under the cover of strong environmental noise, providing a solid scientific basis for quality and efficiency improvement measures such as early detection of leading-edge damage, precise UAV inspection and scheduling, and optimization of downtime maintenance timing. Increased leading-edge roughness not only leads to a decrease in aerodynamic power on a macroscopic level, but also forces the boundary layer to transition prematurely at the microscopic fluid dynamics level, thereby disrupting the original convective heat transfer balance and causing local thermodynamic response anomalies. By deeply integrating and nonlinearly cross-validating the aerodynamic performance degradation characteristics of wind turbines with the abnormal characteristics of boundary layer convective heat transfer, a highly noise-resistant, reliable, and easily implementable erosion assessment solution can be provided for batch evaluation and precise operation and maintenance of wind farms without the need for expensive hardware and high-fidelity fluid simulation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method involved in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the convective heat transfer in the eroded and uneroded areas of the blades according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The image shows the erosion assessment effect based on the traditional pure aerodynamic power attenuation index. Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the determination effect based on the aerodynamic-thermal coupling amplification index (AEAI) in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0026] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or collections thereof.

[0027] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0028] As used in this application specification, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if [the described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [the described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [the described condition or event]."

[0029] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0031] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides an online method for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, which includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the steady-state operating data of the wind turbine to be evaluated at the current moment through the wind turbine's SCADA system and the temperature measuring equipment installed on the blades.

[0032] In this embodiment, the steady-state operating data obtained includes at least the average wind speed at the hub height. Actual active power of generator External ambient temperature of the cabin and the actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade. .

[0033] Units subject to power curtailment and derating, and those with absolute yaw error (i.e., yaw angle difference) need to be excluded. Data on the risk of icing due to excessive ambient humidity is retained, and only pure aerodynamic response data of the unit under normal pitch and torque control is retained.

[0034] In this embodiment, the units of wind speed are uniformly converted to meters per second, the units of temperature parameters are uniformly converted to degrees Celsius, and the units of power parameters are uniformly converted to kilowatts. Indicates the current moment.

[0035] S2: Average wind speed from the steady-state operating data obtained based on S1 Calculate the theoretical baseline power at the current moment. :

[0036] in, air density; To cut in wind speed; Rated wind speed; This is the theoretical maximum wind energy utilization coefficient; Rated power; This refers to the impeller sweeping area.

[0037] In this embodiment, air density is obtained through meteorological data. Cut-in wind speed Rated wind speed Theoretical maximum wind energy utilization coefficient Rated power and impeller swept area All of these can be obtained by consulting the wind turbine technical specifications.

[0038] Theoretical maximum wind energy utilization coefficient The maximum value is no more than 0.593, and it is usually taken as 0.45-0.5.

[0039] S3: Theoretical baseline power calculated based on S2 and the actual active power of the generator obtained from S1 Calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment. :

[0040] Through steady-state cleaning of S1, wind turbines experiencing power curtailment or derating, as well as those with absolute yaw error (i.e., yaw angle difference), were eliminated. And data on situations where there is a risk of icing due to excessive ambient humidity, the aerodynamic power residual calculated at the current moment is obtained under these conditions. The interference from power grid rationing and yaw error has been eliminated. The residual mainly represents the pure aerodynamic power loss caused by the increase in blade surface roughness.

[0041] S4: Average wind speed at hub height obtained from S1 Calculate the local resultant velocity of the target monitoring area of ​​the blade at the current moment. and theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient And calculate the theoretical baseline temperature difference corresponding to the current moment. .

[0042] S4-1: Average wind speed at hub height obtained from S1 Calculate the local composite velocity of the target monitoring area at the current moment. :

[0043] in, The current rotor speed can be obtained through SCADA monitoring data; The spanwise radius of the target monitoring area on the blade can be obtained by consulting the wind turbine blade design drawings.

[0044] S4-2: Average wind speed at hub height obtained from S1 Calculate the theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the target monitoring area of ​​the blade at the current moment. :

[0045] in, The blade feature length of the target detection area can be obtained by consulting the wind turbine blade design drawings.

[0046] S4-3: The local composite velocity of the blade leading edge target monitoring area at the current moment, calculated based on S4-1. The theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the blade target monitoring area at the current moment, calculated using S4-2. Calculate the theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment. :

[0047] in, This is the boundary layer temperature regeneration coefficient, which is typically taken as 0.85 when the fluid is in laminar flow. The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure; Both the solar radiation at the current moment and the solar radiation can be obtained by consulting the meteorological monitoring parameters of the current area.

[0048] S5: The theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment, calculated based on S4. and the ambient temperature outside the cabin obtained by S1 The actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade. Calculate the current time Temperature residual :

[0049] In this embodiment, This represents the measured temperature difference under actual conditions; while This represents the theoretical baseline temperature difference assuming the blades are in a healthy state, corresponding to the current wind speed. This calculation is based on a laminar boundary layer heat transfer physical model of non-eroding smooth blades, combined with empirical formulas derived from the known current operating parameters of the unit. In engineering, this eliminates the need to directly measure the surface temperature of healthy blades during normal operation, simplifying the practical process. Physically, it can be viewed as the temperature difference that should exist between the surface of a blade in a completely healthy and undamaged state, after being subjected to aerodynamic heating and solar radiation, and the surrounding ambient air outside the nacelle. This is achieved by measuring the actual temperature difference under the current real-world conditions. Subtract the theoretical baseline temperature difference This is to observe whether there is any abnormal shift in the local convective heat transfer characteristics of the blade at the current moment.

[0050] If the blades are currently operating in a clean and undamaged state, then the measured temperature difference... Temperature difference from theoretical baseline If they are similar, the calculated temperature residuals That is, it fluctuates around 0.

[0051] If blade erosion occurs at the current moment, the leading edge roughness increases, and the airflow passing through the eroded region is forced into a turbulent boundary layer. The theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient at this point... A nonlinear surge occurs, and the measured temperature difference... Will be different from the theoretical reference temperature difference The values ​​are quite different, and the calculated temperature residuals It will be much higher than 0.

[0052] S6: The dynamic wind speed segment calibration method is used to obtain the standard deviation of the power residual of the wind turbine under specific operating conditions. and temperature residual standard deviation , specific methods: Extracting non-corrosion operating data from the 30 days prior to a major overhaul or airfoil cleaning of a wind turbine can be achieved through SCADA in engineering practice. The average wind speed in the non-erosion operation data is... Discretize an interval (e.g.) This yields multiple wind speed ranges; Calculate the aerodynamic power residuals for each wind speed range. Statistical standard deviation and The statistical standard deviation is used to obtain the standard deviation of the power residual. and temperature residual standard deviation ; Based on power residual standard deviation and temperature residual standard deviation Establish a lookup table function for baseline standard deviation.

[0053] In engineering, it can solve the problem of different measurement noise scales caused by different degrees of airflow turbulence at low and high wind speeds.

[0054] S7: Aerodynamic power residual obtained at the current moment based on S3 The temperature residual obtained by S5 at the current moment and the standard deviation of the power residual obtained by S6 and temperature residual standard deviation Calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index :

[0055] in, The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index; and These are the thermodynamic dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio and the aerodynamic power dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. The set noise dead zone threshold; For the natural constant An exponential function with base 0; This is the sensitivity adjustment constant; It is a non-linear contrast enhancement index; This is the aerodynamic attenuation weighting coefficient; This is a confirmatory item for aerodynamic attenuation; This is an activation item for temperature anomalies.

[0056] In this embodiment, and These are the thermodynamic dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio and the aerodynamic power dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. Dividing the temperature residual and the aerodynamic power residual by their respective standard deviations is, in physics, to eliminate the problem that the two physical dimensions are inconsistent and cannot be placed in the same nonlinear amplification equation to judge the amplification effect. Dividing by the standard deviation turns them into dimensionless pure numbers, representing the degree of deviation from the normal state, so that they can be integrated into the same equation at the same time, and the current signal can have sufficient confidence under different operating conditions.

[0057] In this embodiment, The value ranges from 1.5 to 2.0.

[0058] In this embodiment, For the natural constant An exponential function with base , when the temperature residual Within the normal fluctuation range (i.e., the proportion is less than the threshold) )hour, When the value is extremely small, the value of the temperature anomaly activation term approaches 1, indicating a stable equilibrium state; however, once erosion causes a sudden temperature change that crosses the noise dead zone, The value will increase exponentially.

[0059] In this embodiment, This is the sensitivity adjustment constant. Its value is determined according to the actual working environment to achieve the expected amplification effect, and it can be obtained through experiments or simulations.

[0060] In this embodiment, It is a nonlinear contrast enhancement index, which mathematically plays a role in suppressing environmental noise and enhancing weak anomalous signals. In engineering, it is usually taken as... That's all.

[0061] In this embodiment, The aerodynamic attenuation weighting coefficient is a coefficient that can adjust the system sensitivity and false alarm rate. It can be obtained by jointly calibrating offline aerodynamic simulation data and wind farm operation and maintenance economic threshold.

[0062] In this embodiment, This is the aerodynamic attenuation confirmation term, which indicates that no aerodynamic attenuation has occurred at the current time, i.e., the aerodynamic power residual. At that time, the value of the confirmation term is always 1.

[0063] Should The equation utilizes the physical commonality that erosion simultaneously causes "temperature anomalies" and "aerodynamic attenuation," and can keep single-dimensional noise disturbances at a low and stable level under this equation, thus having extremely high anti-false alarm capability.

[0064] S8: Aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index calculated based on S7 To filter out transient, extremely isolated disturbances, the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is adjusted. The moving average value of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification exponential moving average was calculated by performing a moving average process. :

[0065] in, The number of sampling points for the sliding window is determined by... Calculated results; This is the length of the sliding time window; ten minutes is generally sufficient. The data sampling period; The current sampling point number (i.e. ); For the first The original values ​​of each sampling point.

[0066] S9: Moving average of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification exponent calculated based on S8 at the current moment. To determine whether leading-edge erosion has occurred on the wind turbine blades at the current moment: (1) If If the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment are determined to be free from leading-edge erosion, or the degree of erosion is extremely small and the blades are in a stable equilibrium state. (2) If If so, it is determined that the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment have suffered severe leading-edge erosion; in, The erosion warning threshold can be set empirically based on the tolerance of different wind farms for operation and maintenance costs.

[0067] Example 2 The numerical algorithm implementation of this application is verified using the publicly available NREL-5MW wind turbine model from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The rated wind speed, cut-in wind speed, cut-out wind speed, and pitch angle control strategy of the NREL-5MW wind turbine model can be found in the reference (Jonkman J, Butterfield S, Musial W, et al. Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development [R]. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO., 2009.).

[0068] In this embodiment, the leading edge section at a blade spanwise distance of 61.6333m from the hub is selected as the core observation node. This section adopts the NACA64_A17 airfoil, with a corresponding chord length of 1.419m. This location is in the medium-high linear velocity region and is extremely sensitive to the roughness evolution and boundary layer transition caused by rainfall erosion.

[0069] To simulate and verify the proposed aerodynamic and thermodynamic coupled nonlinear amplification judgment method using Python scripts, a monitoring time window sequence of 1000 steps was set. Based on typical wind farm operating conditions, during steps 0-500, the leading edge health status of the blades was simulated, incorporating conventional meteorological fluctuations and temperature measurement noise with a variance of 1.0. Around step 200, a local power drop disturbance caused by gusts (without significant thermodynamic anomalies) was applied separately. During steps 501-1000, simulating a moderate to severe rainfall event, leading edge erosion led to increased roughness. The aerodynamic power residual characteristic value shifted to 2.5 due to a decrease in the local airfoil lift-to-drag ratio, while the temperature residual characteristic value shifted to 3.0 due to a sudden increase in convective heat transfer caused by forced transition of the leading edge boundary layer. The algorithm hyperparameters were set to... , , Simulate the test time series using two methods, for example... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. By Figure 3 It is evident that traditional methods based on pure aerodynamic power attenuation indices are highly susceptible to severe false alarms (threshold breaches) during the healthy period due to gusts of wind. Furthermore, during the actual erosion period, the early attenuation signal is weak, and the characteristic value lingers in the alarm dead zone for an extended period, resulting in a very poor signal-to-noise ratio and inability to provide reliable early warnings. The variation of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index calculated according to the method of this invention over time is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. By Figure 4 It can be seen that during the healthy period, when encountering a single gust of wind disturbance, the AEAI exponent, lacking thermodynamic cross-validation and steady-state convergence, is forcibly suppressed below the single-digit baseline, achieving 100% anti-false alarm capability. However, after actual erosion occurs at a step size of 501, the microscopic fluid boundary layer thermodynamic anomaly and macroscopic aerodynamic attenuation satisfy the logical AND gate condition, triggering a nonlinear amplification mechanism of the exponential and logarithmic product. If the severe erosion warning threshold is set... The model in this application outputs feature values ​​exceeding 100 levels instantly after erosion occurs, exhibiting a logarithmic leap and completely escaping environmental background noise. The results of this embodiment strongly demonstrate that this application significantly improves the sensitivity and anti-interference capability of identifying weak erosion states at the leading edge of wind turbine blades while maintaining low computational power consumption.

[0070] Example 3 This embodiment provides an online system for determining the leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, including: The operation data acquisition unit is used to acquire steady-state operation data of the wind turbine to be evaluated in a continuous time series. The theoretical baseline parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the average wind speed corresponding to time t based on steady-state operating data. The residual parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline power; Calculate the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference; The coupling amplification index calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual. The blade leading edge erosion determination unit is used to determine whether the blade of the wind turbine to be evaluated has experienced leading edge erosion at the current moment based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index.

[0071] Example 4 This embodiment also provides a computing device. The computing device includes a bus, a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and communication interface communicate with each other via the bus. The computing device can be a server or a terminal device. It should be understood that this application does not limit the number of processors and memory in the computing device.

[0072] A bus can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, a bus can include a path for transmitting information between various components of a computing device (e.g., memory, processor, communication interfaces).

[0073] The processor may include any one or more of the following: central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), microprocessor (MP), or digital signal processor (DSP).

[0074] Memory can include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM). Processors can also include non-volatile memory. volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM). ROM (memory only), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid state drive (SSD).

[0075] The memory stores executable program code, which the processor executes to implement the functions of the aforementioned units, thereby achieving, for example, the method described in Embodiment 1. That is, the memory may store instructions for the methods and functions relating to the computing device in any of the above embodiments.

[0076] The communication interface uses transceiver modules such as, but not limited to, network interface cards and transceivers to enable communication between computing devices and other devices or communication networks.

[0077] Example 5 This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the methods and functions of the computing device involved in any of the above embodiments.

[0078] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software, which can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or represented using some other illustration, it should be understood that the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented as, as non-limiting examples, in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0079] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the steady-state operating data of the wind turbine to be evaluated at the current moment; Calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment based on steady-state operating data; Calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline power; Calculate the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference; Calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual; The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is used to determine whether the blades of the wind turbine to be evaluated are experiencing leading-edge erosion at the current moment.

2. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment based on steady-state operating data, including: The steady-state operating data includes the average wind speed at hub height; Based on the average wind speed at hub height, the theoretical baseline power at the current moment is calculated using the following formula: in, air density; To cut in wind speed; Rated wind speed; This is the theoretical maximum wind energy utilization coefficient; Rated power; The impeller sweep area; The average wind speed at the hub height; This represents the theoretical baseline power at the current time based on the average wind speed. Based on the average wind speed at the hub height, calculate the local combined velocity and theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the blade target monitoring area at the current moment; Based on the local combined velocity and theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient of the blade target monitoring area at the current moment, the theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the theoretical baseline temperature difference at the current moment. The boundary layer temperature recovery coefficient; The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure; This represents the solar radiation at the current moment. The local combined velocity of the target monitoring area of ​​the blade; This is the theoretical convective heat transfer coefficient.

3. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerodynamic power residual at the current moment is calculated based on the theoretical baseline power. The specific method is as follows: The steady-state operating data includes the actual active power of the generator; Based on the theoretical baseline power and the actual active power of the generator, the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment is calculated using the following formula: in, For the current moment The corresponding aerodynamic power residual; This is the theoretical baseline power; For the current moment The corresponding actual active power of the generator.

4. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference is as follows: The steady-state operating data includes the ambient temperature outside the nacelle and the actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade. Based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference, the external ambient temperature of the nacelle, and the actual measured temperature of the target monitoring area at the leading edge of the blade, the temperature residual at the current moment is calculated using the following formula: in, For the current moment The corresponding temperature residual; For the current moment The actual measured temperature of the corresponding blade leading edge target monitoring area; For the current moment The corresponding ambient temperature outside the cabin; For the current moment The corresponding theoretical baseline temperature difference.

5. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is calculated based on the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual. The specific method is as follows: The dynamic wind speed segment calibration method is used to obtain the standard deviation of power residuals and temperature residuals of the wind turbine under specific operating conditions. Based on the aerodynamic power residual, temperature residual, standard deviation of power residual, and standard deviation of temperature residual, the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is calculated using the following formula: in, The aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index; and These are the thermodynamic dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio and the aerodynamic power dimensionless signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. The set noise dead zone threshold; For the natural constant An exponential function with base 0; This is the sensitivity adjustment constant; It is a non-linear contrast enhancement index; This is the aerodynamic attenuation weighting coefficient; This is a confirmatory item for aerodynamic attenuation; This is an activation item for temperature anomalies; For the current moment Temperature residual; This represents the standard deviation of the temperature residuals. The standard deviation of the power residual; For the current moment The corresponding aerodynamic power residual.

6. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is as follows: The moving average value of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index was calculated by performing a moving average process on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index. The moving average of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is used to determine whether the blades of the wind turbine to be evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment.

7. The method for online determination of leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated have experienced leading-edge erosion at the current moment based on the moving average of the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index is as follows: like If the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment are determined to be free from leading-edge erosion, or the degree of erosion is extremely small and the blades are in a stable equilibrium state. like If so, it is determined that the blades of the wind turbine being evaluated at the current moment have suffered severe leading-edge erosion; in, This is the threshold for erosion warning.

8. An online system for determining leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades, characterized in that, include: The operation data acquisition unit is used to acquire steady-state operation data of the wind turbine to be evaluated in a continuous time series. The theoretical baseline parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the theoretical baseline power and theoretical baseline temperature difference at the average wind speed corresponding to time t based on steady-state operating data. The residual parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic power residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline power; Calculate the temperature residual at the current moment based on the theoretical baseline temperature difference; The coupling amplification index calculation unit is used to calculate the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index based on the aerodynamic power residual and temperature residual. The blade leading edge erosion determination unit is used to determine whether the blade of the wind turbine to be evaluated has experienced leading edge erosion at the current moment based on the aerodynamic-thermal erosion coupling amplification index.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the online determination method for leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product contains computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, implement the online determination method for leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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