Uniform temperature structure, high-efficiency uniform temperature structure, thermal safety structure, battery module and preparation method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of new energy technology and provides a temperature homogenization structure, a high-efficiency temperature homogenization structure, a thermal safety structure, a battery module, and a manufacturing method. The temperature homogenization structure includes multiple heat pipes, a temperature homogenization section, and a liquid medium. Each heat pipe includes an outer shell and an inner cylindrical cavity. The outer shell is arranged circumferentially around the side shell and is close to the outer hot surface of the side shell. A longitudinal first abutment line or first abutment surface is formed on the outer shell. High heat flux is present at least in the radial path between the outer shell and the inner cylindrical cavity and between the outer hot surface and the side shell at the position of the first abutment line or first abutment surface. The temperature homogenization section has a confluence cavity that is fluidly connected to all the inner cylindrical cavities. The liquid medium is disposed in the inner cylindrical cavity and flows and mixes in the confluence cavity. This reduces the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell circumferentially, the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell longitudinally, and the temperature difference between battery cells at different locations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a temperature uniform structure, a high-efficiency temperature uniform structure, a thermal safety structure, a battery module, and a preparation method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Power battery thermal management is a core technology to ensure the range, lifespan and safety of new energy vehicles. Batteries generate intense heat under fast charging and high-power discharge conditions. Uneven temperature can easily lead to capacity decay and thermal runaway risks. Large cylindrical batteries have higher capacity and power density, faster transient temperature rise and larger thermal runaway energy levels, which puts forward more stringent requirements on temperature uniformity efficiency, thermal insulation and system energy consumption. Existing thermal management solutions generally have obvious defects.

[0003] Aluminum flat tube liquid cooling dissipates heat by flowing liquid through multiple fine tubes inside the battery array. However, due to limitations in height and structure, the side coverage area and the uniformity of the fit are insufficient, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the liquid inlet and outlet. This requires high flow rate, leading to high energy consumption. Furthermore, the large temperature difference between the battery contact area and the non-contact area results in poor overall temperature uniformity.

[0004] Liquid cooling plates are attached to the bottom of the battery for heat dissipation. However, the heat exchange area is limited, which can easily create a temperature gradient where the top is hot and the bottom is cold, thus reducing the battery's cycle life.

[0005] Thermal insulation pads are used to suppress heat spread, but due to the limitations of flat tube layout, they are difficult to cover completely, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the insulation and heat conduction areas.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies are difficult to adapt to large cylindrical batteries in terms of temperature consistency, thermal spread prevention, and energy consumption control, and there is an urgent need to develop new battery thermal management solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a uniform temperature structure, which aims to address the technical problem of improving battery temperature uniformity.

[0008] This application provides a temperature equalization structure for thermal management of battery cells in a planar, vertically arranged battery pack. Each battery cell includes a side casing. Multiple heat pipes are embedded in the battery pack in parallel. Each heat pipe includes an outer shell and an inner cylindrical cavity extending longitudinally inside the outer shell. The multiple outer shells are arranged circumferentially around a side shell and are all close to the outer hot surface of the side shell, forming a longitudinal first abutment line or a first abutment surface on the outer shell. High heat flux is present at least in the radial path between the outer shell and the inner cylindrical cavity at the location of the first abutment line or the first abutment surface, and between the outer hot surface and the side shell. The temperature equalization section has a flow-collecting cavity, which is in fluid communication with all the internal cylindrical cavities. A liquid medium is disposed within all the internal column cavities and flows together and mixes within the confluence cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, the battery cell is a cylindrical battery, a square battery, or a pouch battery; Preferably, the cylindrical battery is a multi-tab battery.

[0010] In some embodiments, each of the heat pipes is disposed between three circumferentially arranged side shells, and six heat pipes are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell; or, each of the heat pipes is disposed between four circumferentially arranged side shells, and four heat pipes are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell. Preferably, the height of the heat pipe is greater than or equal to half the height of the side shell; Preferably, the height of the heat pipe is greater than or equal to the height of the side shell; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is less than or equal to 2 mm; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is less than or equal to 1.5 mm; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface is insulated from the side casing; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface is made of insulating material, or an insulating and thermally conductive intermediate abutting component is provided between the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface and the side casing. Preferably, the outer casing is an insulating tubular structure; Preferably, the outer casing is flexible; Preferably, the elastic modulus of the outer shell is higher than that of the side shell; Preferably, the first contact surface of the outer casing is shaped to match the side casing; Preferably, a heat-conducting medium is provided between the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface and the outer heating surface; Preferably, the thermally conductive medium includes thermally conductive silicone grease or thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, structural adhesive is provided between the outer casing and the outer heating surface at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface; Preferably, the structural adhesive includes a photocurable structural adhesive; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing is bendably connected to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing includes a flexible, bendable portion; Preferably, the flexible part includes a corrugated structure; or, the flexible part includes an elastic sleeve, the upper end of which is connected to one longitudinal end of the outer casing, and the lower end of which is connected to the temperature equalization part. Preferably, the flexible part includes a corrugated structure and an elastic sleeve disposed around the corrugated structure; Preferably, the inner diameter of the internal cylindrical cavity is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm; Preferably, the inner diameter of the internal cylindrical cavity is less than or equal to 5 mm; Preferably, the upper end of the internal column cavity has a watertight and ventilated structure; Preferably, the outer casing is a transparent tubular structure; Preferably, the outer casing has space on both sides of the non-abutting line or non-abutting surface in the circumferential direction, and between adjacent battery cells, allowing the battery cells to bulge outward; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface is approximately equal in thickness at the top and bottom. Preferably, the inner peripheral wall of the outer casing is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer, and / or the outer peripheral wall of the outer casing is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer; Preferably, the high thermal conductivity layer comprises one or more of the following: metal, at least one layer of carbon composite material; Preferably, the outer casing and the inner cylindrical cavity at the locations of the plurality of first abutment lines or first abutment surfaces have approximately equal heat flux along their radial paths; Preferably, the internal column cavity has a column cavity wall, and the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface and the column cavity wall have approximately equal heat flux at various longitudinal positions.

[0011] In some embodiments, the liquid medium is configured to have a kinematic viscosity that allows it to flow freely up and down within the internal column cavity and to be uniformly heated; Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid medium is less than or equal to 2 mm² / s; Preferably, the liquid medium is an insulating material; Preferably, the liquid medium comprises thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, the liquid medium comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol; Preferably, the liquid medium is configured as a material that will not solidify at a preset low temperature; Preferably, the internal cylindrical cavity has a circumferentially connected cavity structure to allow the circumferential flow of the liquid medium inside.

[0012] In some embodiments, the temperature equalization section includes a temperature equalization housing, within which the manifold cavity is defined; Preferably, the manifold is a closed cavity, so that the flow path of the liquid medium is a closed path; Alternatively, the confluence cavity may be a cavity with an open end, wherein the liquid level of the liquid medium in the open end is flush with the top liquid level in the internal column cavity; Preferably, the confluence cavity includes multiple flow channels connecting the multiple internal cylindrical cavities, so that the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavity located at the center and the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavity located at the edge converge and are uniformly heated; Preferably, the battery cell has a planar bottom, the temperature equalization section has a flat upper surface, and the upper surface and the planar bottom are thermally conductive and insulated from each other. Preferably, an insulating film layer is provided between the upper surface and the planar bottom; Preferably, a composite of a metal film layer and an insulating film layer is provided between the upper surface and the planar bottom; Preferably, the upper surface is thermally coupled to the liquid medium within the manifold cavity; Preferably, the temperature-equalizing shell is a heat-conducting shell; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing is circumferentially and fluidly connected to the surface of the temperature-equalizing shell; Preferably, the temperature equalization section is located on one radial side of the battery pack; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a temperature control system connected to the temperature equalization section, which is used to adjust the temperature of the liquid medium in the manifold cavity; Preferably, the temperature control system includes a temperature detection system and a cooling component. The temperature detection system is used to detect the temperature of the liquid medium in the manifold cavity. The cooling component is disposed in the manifold cavity or on the outside of the temperature equalization section, and is used to cool the liquid medium in the manifold cavity. Preferably, the temperature control system further includes a heating component, which is disposed inside the manifold or outside the temperature equalization section, for heating the liquid medium inside the manifold; Preferably, the heating component is disposed on the surface of the temperature equalization section opposite to the heat-conducting pipe; Preferably, the heating assembly includes a heating film, which is attached to the surface of the temperature equalization section opposite to the heat-conducting pipe; Preferably, the cooling assembly includes a cold plate disposed on the side surface of the heating film opposite to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, the cooling assembly further includes a hot plate, which is thermally isolated from the temperature equalization section; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a box disposed around the heat pipe, the hot plate being disposed outside the box, and the box being able to insulate the heat of the hot plate; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a speed regulation system, which is disposed inside the manifold or on the outside of the manifold and in fluid communication with the manifold, for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid medium inside the manifold.

[0013] In some embodiments, each of the heat pipes is embedded in the spacing between the battery cells in the battery pack; Preferably, the height of the side shell is 30mm to 200mm; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the heat pipe to the height of the side shell is between 0.7 and 1.5; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the heat pipe to the height of the side shell is between 1 and 1.5; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the internal cylindrical cavity to the height of the side shell is between 0.5 and 1.2; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the internal cylindrical cavity to the height of the side shell is between 0.5 and 0.99; Preferably, the height of the liquid flow in the internal column cavity is equal to or less than the height of the internal column cavity; Preferably, the upper longitudinal section of the internal column cavity includes a gas-sealed section.

[0014] Another objective of this application is to provide a high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure for highly consistent temperature uniformity thermal management among multiple battery cells in a battery pack arranged in a straight line, wherein the battery cell includes a side shell; comprising: A temperature equalization structure is embedded in the battery pack. The temperature equalization structure includes multiple heat pipes and a first heat exchange medium. The heat pipes are embedded parallel to each other in the battery pack. Each heat pipe includes an outer shell and an internal cylindrical cavity extending longitudinally inside the outer shell. The multiple outer shells are arranged circumferentially around a side shell and are respectively thermally abutting the outer heat surface of the side shell, forming at least a longitudinally extending first contact surface or first contact line on the outer shell. The first heat exchange medium is respectively disposed in the internal cylindrical cavity. Multiple heat dissipation structures are provided, each arranged longitudinally along the heat pipe and sleeved on the outside of each heat pipe. Each heat dissipation structure includes at least one temperature-limiting portion arranged circumferentially or multiple circumferentially spaced portions. The temperature-limiting portion has a certain thickness in the radial direction and is provided at least at one location on the outer casing in a space enclosed by at least two adjacent external hot surfaces. The temperature-limiting portion is provided with a temperature-limiting material and has a window surface that is in thermal contact with at least the external hot surface and / or the outer casing. The temperature equalization section has high lateral temperature uniformity and is thermally connected to the internal cylindrical cavity of all the heat-conducting pipes.

[0015] In some embodiments, the temperature equalization section includes a temperature equalization shell, within which a temperature equalization cavity is defined, the temperature equalization cavity not communicating with each of the internal column cavities; a second heat exchange medium is disposed within the temperature equalization cavity; Preferably, the second heat exchange medium includes a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium; Preferably, the second heat exchange medium comprises a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the second heat exchange medium includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are made of the same material; Preferably, the temperature equalization section includes a thermally conductive solid component, the longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity is closed on the surface of the solid component, and the solid component is thermally coupled to the longitudinal end of each of the heat-conducting pipes; Alternatively, the temperature equalization section has a flow-collecting cavity, which is in fluid communication with each of the internal column cavities, so that the fluid of the first heat exchange medium in each of the internal column cavities is mixed in the flow-collecting cavity; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium comprises a liquid heat exchange medium, and the first heat exchange medium is configured to have a kinematic viscosity that allows it to flow freely up and down within the internal column cavity and to achieve uniform temperature. Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the first heat exchange medium is less than or equal to 2 mm² / s; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium is an insulating material; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium includes thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium is configured as a material that will not solidify at a preset low temperature; Preferably, the window surfaces are respectively thermally abutting against two adjacent external thermal surfaces; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures has an inner abutment surface, the inner abutment surface including the first abutment line or the first abutment surface, the inner abutment surface radially abutting the outer casing; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures further includes an outer shell, which is fitted onto the outer shell and forms a space with radial thickness between the outer shell and the outer shell. The temperature limiting part is disposed in the space and is located at at least one enclosure between the outer shell and the outer hot surface. Preferably, the heat dissipation structure includes an outer shell, which is at least disposed between the external hot surface of the heat-conducting pipe at a non-contact point and the temperature-limiting part to restrict the temperature-limiting material; Preferably, the outer casing at the first contact surface is close to and thermally connected to the side casing of the battery cell; Preferably, the circumferential sides of the outer shell are closed and connected to the external heating surface; Preferably, the outer shell includes a plurality of discontinuous outer shell portions, each of which is circumferentially closed and connected to the outer heating surface, and the temperature limiting portion is disposed between the outer shell, the outer heating surface and the outer shell portion; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutment point is close to and thermally connected to the outer heating surface; Preferably, the temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting part includes a phase change material or a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the temperature limiting part includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the temperature limiting part comprises a microcapsule phase change material, or a fiber-supported shaped phase change material; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures further includes a heat coupling part, which is disposed circumferentially between adjacent temperature limiting parts, and the heat coupling part is disposed between the outer casing and the outer hot surface at the first contact surface; Preferably, the circumferential sides of the outer housing are closedly connected to the heat coupling part; Preferably, along the circumferential direction, the opposite sides of the heat coupling part are respectively connected to the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the heat coupling part has side contact surfaces on both circumferential sides that thermally contact the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the thermal coupling part includes a thermally conductive material component that is different from the material of the temperature limiting part, and the thermally conductive material component includes a combination of multiple layers such as a metal layer and a carbon fiber layer; Preferably, the material of the heat coupling part includes a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium; Preferably, the heat coupling part comprises a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the thermal coupling part includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the thermal coupling part comprises a microcapsule phase change material, or a fiber-supported shaped phase change material; Preferably, the material of the heat coupling part is the same as the material of the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the heat coupling part and the temperature limiting part are made of the same phase change material and are connected circumferentially to form a closed phase change material ring layer; preferably, the radial thickness of the heat coupling part is less than the maximum radial thickness of the temperature limiting part. Preferably, the thermal coupling portion has a high radial heat flux with respect to the outer casing and the outer thermal surface on both radial sides; Preferably, the outer casing is also disposed between the outer casing and the outer heating surface at the first contact surface of the heat-conducting pipe, and the outer casing is in the form of a closed annular tube. Preferably, the outer casing has a second contact surface that resembles the external heated surface; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutment point is close to and thermally connected to the outer casing; Preferably, the outer casing is an insulating tubular structure; Preferably, the outer shell is a transparent tubular structure; Preferably, the outer shell is flexible, and the elastic modulus of the outer shell is higher than that of the side shell; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer shell is flexibly connected to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer shell includes a flexible, bendable portion.

[0016] Another objective of this application is to provide a thermal safety structure for thermal management of any single battery cell in a battery pack arranged in a straight line, wherein the single battery cell includes a side shell; the thermal safety structure includes a temperature equalization structure or a high-efficiency temperature equalization structure embedded in the battery pack as described in the above embodiments; The thermal safety structure also includes: A thermal insulation structure includes multiple thermal insulation pads, which are made of insulating and heat-insulating material and are longitudinally disposed between adjacent external hot surfaces at the non-contact surface of the outer casing; each thermal insulation pad is circumferentially connected to the thermal evacuation structure or the heat-conducting pipe at the non-contact surface of the outer casing at various points in the longitudinal direction to circumferentially enclose the external hot surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, each of the thermal evacuation structures includes a frame extending longitudinally on both circumferential sides, and the thermal insulation pad includes a side line extending longitudinally on both circumferential sides. Adjacent frames and side lines abut and seal each other longitudinally to form a circumferential thermal seal around the side housing of the battery cell at each longitudinal point. Preferably, the heat insulation pad includes an aerogel material layer.

[0018] Another objective of this application embodiment is to provide a battery module, which includes: As described in the above embodiments, a uniform temperature structure, a high-efficiency uniform temperature structure, or a thermally safe structure; and The battery pack includes a plurality of generally parallel and spaced battery cells, each of the battery cells being configured to be disposed between a plurality of circumferentially adjacent heat dissipation structures or heat pipes, and having its external hot surface in thermal contact with the heat dissipation structures or heat pipes.

[0019] Another objective of this application is to provide a method for manufacturing a battery module, comprising: Prepare a temperature homogeneous structure, a high-efficiency temperature homogeneous structure, or a thermally safe structure as described in the above embodiments; Structural adhesive is applied longitudinally to the outer wall of each of the heat pipes or the heat dissipation structure; A battery pack is provided, wherein structural adhesive is applied to the bottom of each of the battery cells in the battery pack, and each of the battery cells is inserted between adjacent heat dissipation structures or heat pipes; Pressure is applied in the length and width directions of the battery pack to cause adjacent battery cells to squeeze the heat pipe or the heat dissipation structure, and to make the structural adhesive adapt to the shape of the outer wall surface of the battery cell and the heat pipe or the heat dissipation structure. The structural adhesive is then cured.

[0020] The temperature uniformity structure, high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure, thermal safety structure, battery module, and preparation method provided in this application have the following advantages: The temperature equalization structure provided in this application embodiment enables efficient heat dissipation throughout the circumference of the battery cell, which is beneficial for temperature uniformity throughout the circumference of the battery cell. In the longitudinal direction, the heat pipes rely on their internal liquid medium for efficient heat exchange to conduct heat from the battery cell longitudinally. All heat pipes also exchange heat laterally through the liquid medium in the confluence cavity of the temperature equalization section, allowing heat exchange between multiple battery cells through the temperature equalization section, thereby achieving temperature uniformity among different battery cells. Overall, it can reduce the temperature difference between different circumferential locations of the battery cells, reduce the temperature difference between different longitudinal locations of the battery cells, and also reduce the temperature difference between battery cells at different locations.

[0021] The high-efficiency temperature equalization structure provided in this application embodiment also allows for direct or indirect heat exchange with at least one of the external hot surfaces and the outer casing through a temperature limiting part at least one of the enclosed space between the outer casing and multiple external hot surfaces. The temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting part can absorb and store a large amount of heat from the battery cells, control the temperature of the battery cells within a specific temperature range, and enhance the rapid temperature equalization conversion between battery cells.

[0022] The thermal safety structure provided in this application embodiment prevents the heat of a single battery cell from being directly transferred to adjacent battery cells. Instead, the heat is transferred longitudinally through the aforementioned high-efficiency heat-equalizing structure or heat-equalizing structure until it is shared by the heat-equalizing part and other heat-conducting pipes. When a single battery cell experiences thermal runaway, its high temperature will not be directly transferred to adjacent battery cells, thus preventing thermal runaway of adjacent battery cells. Instead, the entire high-efficiency heat-equalizing structure or heat-equalizing structure disperses the heat to all battery cells. In this way, thanks to the high heat capacity of each battery cell, a large amount of heat is dispersed, reducing the thermal impact on surrounding normal battery cells and preventing heat spread. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the staggered structure of the battery pack; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forward arrangement of the battery pack; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery module provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the battery pack includes a staggered arrangement structure; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the battery module, in which three battery cells are arranged around a heat pipe; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the battery module, in which six heat pipes are arranged around a single battery cell. Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application, which includes a battery pack with a front-mounted structure; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the battery module, in which four heat pipes are arranged around a single battery cell; Figure 8 yes Figure 6The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the battery module, in which four battery cells are arranged around a heat pipe; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the battery module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ; Figure 14 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the temperature equalization structure provided in the embodiments of this application, wherein structural adhesive is provided on both sides of the first abutment line; Figure 15 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the temperature equalization structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the heat pipe is a flexible pipe; Figure 16 This is a vertical cross-section of the temperature distribution structure in the battery module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 Among them, the heat pipe was bent; Figure 17 This is a vertical cross-section of the temperature distribution structure in the battery module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ; Figure 18 This is a vertical cross-section of the temperature distribution structure in the battery module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ; Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heat pipe in the temperature-equalizing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 , showing its first abutment line; Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heat pipe in the temperature-equalizing structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 , showing its first contact surface; Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat pipe in the temperature uniform structure provided in the embodiment of this application, wherein a high thermal conductivity layer is provided on its inner and outer walls; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 23 yes Figure 22 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 24 yes Figure 23 Schematic diagram of the intermediate heat dissipation structure; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 26 yes Figure 25 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 27 yes Figure 26 Schematic diagram of the intermediate heat dissipation structure; Figure 28 This is a vertical cross-section of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 29 This is a vertical cross-section of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 30 This is a variation of the battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 31 This is a variation of the battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 32 This is a variation of the battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 33 This is a variation of the battery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 4 ; Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal structure of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 35 yes Figure 34 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat insulation pad in a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 37 This is a flowchart of the steps in the preparation method of a battery module provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0025] The markings in the diagram mean: 500-battery module; 400 - Battery pack, 99 - Battery cell, 98 - Side casing, 97 - External heating surface; 95 - Enclosure; 96 - Fixed frame; 100-Uniform Temperature Structure; 10-Heat pipe, 101-Outer shell, 102-Inner cylindrical cavity, 103-Cavity wall, 104-First abutment line, 1041-Heat-conducting medium, 105-First abutment surface, 106-Flexible part, 1061-Corrugated structure, 1062-Elastic sleeve, 107-High thermal conductivity layer; 11 - Liquid medium, 110 - Enclosed air section; 12-Equivalent temperature section, 120-Hydrogenating cavity, 121-Equivalent temperature shell, 122-Upper surface, 123-Open end; 13-Temperature control system, 131-Heating component, 1311-Heating film, 133-Cooling component, 1331-Cold plate, 1332-Hot plate; 14-Speed ​​control system; 15-Temperature detection system; 161 - Metallic film layer, 162 - Insulating film layer; 163 - Box; 200-High-efficiency uniform temperature structure; 20-Heat pipe, 201-Outer shell, 202-Internal cylindrical cavity, 204-First abutment line, 205-First abutment surface; 21-First heat exchange medium; 22-temperature homogenizing section, 220-temperature homogenizing cavity, 221-temperature homogenizing shell; 26 - Second heat exchange medium; 27-Heat dissipation structure, 270-Inner contact surface; 271-Temperature limiting section, 2710-Window surface, 2711-First window surface, 2712-Second window surface; 273-Heat coupling part, 2731-Side contact surface, 2730-Third contact surface; 275-Outer shell, 2750-Outer shell section, 2751-Second abutment surface; 300-Thermal safety structure; 30 - Heat pipe; 31 - First heat exchange medium; 37- Thermal evaporation structure; 38 - Thermal insulation structure; 381-Insulation pad, 3810-Edge line, 3811-Insulation body. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly or indirectly fixed to or set on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly or indirectly connected to that other component. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the purpose of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this patent. The terms "first" and "second" are used only for the purpose of description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. "A plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this application is merely a description of the relationship between the related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. A and B can be single or multiple. Furthermore, in the description of this application, "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can be represented as: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, a+b+c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. As another example, at least one of a, b, or c can be represented as: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, a+b+c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0029] To illustrate the technical solutions described in this application, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shown is a top view of the battery pack 400. The battery pack 400 includes multiple battery cells 99 arranged vertically in a plane. Figure 2 The diagram shows the straight-line structure of battery cells 99, with the centers of two adjacent rows of battery cells 99 located on a straight line and aligned parallel to each other along the arrangement direction. Figure 1 The diagram shows the staggered arrangement of battery cells 99. Adjacent rows of battery cells 99 are staggered, with the center of the next row of battery cells 99 aligned with the center of the gap between the two battery cells 99 in the previous row. The battery cells 99 are arranged in an equilateral triangle.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the battery cell 99 includes a side housing 98. The heat of the battery cell 99 is transferred outward through the side housing 98.

[0032] Here, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the external thermal surface 97 of the battery cell 99 is defined. This external thermal surface 97 can be the outer peripheral surface of the side shell 98, or it can be the outer peripheral surface of a thermally conductive intermediate structure sleeved on the outside of the battery cell 99. This thermally conductive intermediate structure is thermally coupled to the side shell 98 of the battery cell 99, and can continue to transfer the heat of the side shell 98 to the outside. In short, the battery cell 99 dissipates heat to the outside through its external thermal surface 97.

[0033] First Embodiment like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the first embodiment of this application provides a temperature equalization structure 100, which is used for temperature equalization and thermal management among the individual battery cells 99 in a battery pack 400. Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the temperature equalization structure 100 includes multiple heat pipes 10, a temperature equalization section 12, and a liquid medium 11, wherein, as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, multiple heat pipes 10 are embedded in parallel within the battery pack 400; Figures 9 to 11 As shown, each heat pipe 10 includes an outer casing 101 and an inner cylindrical cavity 102 extending longitudinally inside the outer casing 101; as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, multiple heat pipes 10 are arranged circumferentially around a side housing 98, and multiple outer casings 101 are arranged circumferentially around a side housing 98, all approaching and abutting the external heat surface 97 of the battery. A longitudinal first abutment line 104 is formed on the outer casing 101 (e.g., Figure 19 (as shown) or the first contact surface 105 (as shown) Figure 20 (As shown); high heat flux is present at least in the radial path between the outer casing 101 and the inner cylindrical cavity 102 at the location of the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105, and between the outer hot surface 97 and the side casing 98. Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the temperature equalization section 12 has a manifold cavity 120, which is in fluid communication with the internal cylindrical cavities 102 of all heat pipes 10. Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the liquid medium 11 is disposed in all the internal column cavities 102 and flows together and mixes in the confluence cavity 120.

[0034] The temperature equalization structure 100 provided in this embodiment of the application has the following features: radially, the battery cell 99 and the heat pipe 10 are in thermal contact and perform efficient heat exchange; multiple heat pipes 10 are arranged around the battery cell 99, enabling efficient heat dissipation throughout the circumference of the battery cell 99, which is beneficial for temperature equalization throughout the circumference of the battery cell 99; longitudinally, the heat pipes 10 rely on their internal liquid medium 11 for efficient heat exchange to conduct heat from the battery cell 99 longitudinally; all the heat pipes 10 also perform efficient lateral heat exchange through the liquid medium 11 in the confluence cavity 120 of the temperature equalization section 12, enabling heat exchange between multiple battery cells 99 through the temperature equalization section 12, thereby achieving temperature equalization among different battery cells 99. The temperature equalization structure 100 provided in this embodiment of the application can reduce the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell 99 circumferentially, reduce the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell 99 longitudinally, and reduce the temperature difference between battery cells 99 at different locations.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the battery cell 99 is a cylindrical battery. Alternatively, in other optional embodiments, the battery cell 99 can be a square battery or a pouch battery.

[0036] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the cylindrical battery is a multi-tab battery.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, each heat pipe 10 is embedded in the arrangement gaps of the battery cells 99 in the battery pack 400.

[0038] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, for the staggered structure of the battery cell 99, each heat pipe 10 is disposed between three circumferentially arranged side shells 98, and six heat pipes 10 are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell 99. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, for the positive arrangement of battery cells 99, each heat pipe 10 is disposed between four circumferentially arranged side shells 98, and four heat pipes 10 are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell 99.

[0039] The outer casing 101 is used to confine the liquid medium 11, so that the liquid medium 11 maintains a generally longitudinal columnar shape. Between the liquid medium 11 and the external heated surface 97, the outer casing 101 is configured as a good conductor of heat.

[0040] In some embodiments, the outer casing 101 is made of a thermally conductive material. Optionally, the outer casing 101 may be made of a metallic material, such as a copper or aluminum tube, or carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes. In this embodiment, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 (e.g., Figure 9 The main considerations for the configuration shown are: first, to reserve sufficient inner diameter for the internal cylindrical cavity 102 so that the liquid medium 11 can flow longitudinally with high heat flux; and second, to facilitate the molding of the outer shell 101 while taking into account weight and material cost. Optionally, in this embodiment, the radial wall thickness D of the outer shell 101 is no more than 30 mm.

[0041] In some embodiments, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 is minimized. The thermal resistance of the outer casing 101 decreases significantly as its radial wall thickness D decreases. Therefore, the material of the outer casing 101 is not limited to the thermally conductive materials mentioned above; the outer casing 101 can be made of materials that are not inherently good thermal conductors, such as plastic or silicone.

[0042] In some optional embodiments of this application, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 is less than or equal to 2 mm to minimize the radial thermal resistance of the outer casing 101. In some optional embodiments of this application, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0043] In some optional embodiments of this application, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm to ensure that the outer casing 101 can be formed.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of this application, the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 is 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.04mm, 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, etc.

[0045] In some embodiments, the outer casing 101 is a plastic tube structure.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9As shown, the height H of the heat pipe 10 is greater than or equal to half the height H' of the side shell 98. In the longitudinal direction, the heat pipe 10 can correspond to at least half the height of the side shell 98 and perform radial heat transfer with at least half of the area in the height direction of the side shell 98. The other no more than half of the area in the height direction of the side shell 98 exchanges heat outward through the longitudinal heat transfer of the battery cell 99 itself.

[0047] In some optional embodiments of this application, the height H of the heat pipe 10 is approximately equal to the height H' of the side shell 98. Optionally, 0.7 ≤ H / H' ≤ 1.5. The heat pipe 10 can thermally contact as much of the side shell 98 as possible, while not protruding too much from the battery cell 99 in the longitudinal direction. Further optionally, 0.8 ≤ H / H' ≤ 1.2. Further optionally, 0.9 ≤ H / H' ≤ 1.1.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, the height H of the heat pipe 10 is greater than or equal to the height H' of the side shell 98. Further optionally, 1 ≤ H / H' ≤ 1.05.

[0049] In some optional embodiments of this application, the height H' of the side shell 98 is 30mm to 200mm.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm to maintain efficient longitudinal heat exchange of the internal liquid medium 11. In some optional embodiments, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm. In some optional embodiments, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In some optional embodiments, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0052] In some specific embodiments of this application, the inner diameter d of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm, 3.0mm, 3.2mm, 3.4mm, 3.6mm, 3.8mm, 4.0mm, 4.2mm, 4.4mm, 4.6mm, 4.8mm, 5.0mm, etc.

[0053] In some embodiments, the upper longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 (the end facing away from the temperature equalization section 12) can be open, such as... Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown. The upper longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 can also be a closed end, such as... Figure 10 As shown. In other embodiments, the upper longitudinal end of the internal column cavity 102 can also be a liquid-sealed, ventilated end, which is applicable when the liquid medium 11 will expand in volume or generate gas.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the upper end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 may be lower than, flush with, or higher than the upper end of the side shell 98. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the ratio of the height h of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 to the height H' of the side shell 98 is between 0.5 and 1.2. Optionally, the upper end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 may be slightly lower than the upper end of the side shell 98. The ratio of the height h of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 to the height H' of the side shell 98 is between 0.5 and 0.99. Here, for the case where the upper longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is open, the upper end of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is determined by the upper end of the outer shell 101. The height h of the internal cylindrical cavity 102 is used to indicate the height range that the internal liquid medium 11 can fill.

[0055] When the upper longitudinal end of the internal column cavity 102 is open, the liquid level of the internal liquid medium 11 can be lower than the upper end of the outer casing 101.

[0056] For the upper longitudinal end of the internal column cavity 102, which is a closed end (including a liquid closed end), the liquid level of the internal liquid medium 11 can be equal to or lower than the upper cavity wall of the internal column cavity 102.

[0057] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the liquid flow height h' in the internal cylindrical cavity 102 can be equal to or less than the height h of the internal cylindrical cavity 102; the liquid flow height h in the internal cylindrical cavity 102 can be greater than the height H' of the side shell 98, or equal to or less than the height H' of the side shell 98.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 10 As shown, the upper longitudinal section of the internal column cavity 102 may include a gas-sealed section, that is, the liquid medium 11 does not need to be completely filled in the upper closed internal column cavity 102.

[0059] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105 of the outer casing 101 is mutually insulated from the side casing 98. This serves to radially insulate the side casings 98 of adjacent battery cells 99 from each other.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments of this application, at least the portion of the outer casing 101 corresponding to the first abutment wire 104 or the first abutment surface 105 is made of insulating material, such as plastic material. Alternatively, an insulating and thermally conductive intermediate abutment member (not shown) is provided between the outer casing 101 and the corresponding first abutment wire 104 or the first abutment surface 105 and the external heated surface 97.

[0061] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the outer casing 101 is an insulating tubular structure. The outer casing 101 is entirely made of insulating material. Optionally, the outer casing 101 is a plastic tubular structure.

[0062] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 14 As shown, a thermally conductive medium 1041 may be provided between the first abutment wire 104 and the external heated surface 97. The thermally conductive medium 1041 may be thermally conductive grease, thermally conductive silicone oil, etc. The thermally conductive medium 1041 is adsorbed by capillary action into the tiny wedge-shaped gaps on both sides of the circumference of the first abutment wire 104 and between the adjacent external heated surface 97 and the outer casing 101, so that the outer casing 101 forms a substantial surface abutment heat exchange with the external heated surface 97 through the thermally conductive medium 1041.

[0063] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the outer casing 101 is flexible. Further optionally, the elastic modulus of the outer casing 101 is higher than that of the side casing 98, such as... Figure 15 As shown, this allows the outer casing 101 to deform under radial pressure. Figure 15As shown, the side casing 98 of the battery cell 99 is sufficient to maintain its outer surface shape. This allows the outer casing 101 to form a surface abutment with the outer heated surface 97. Instead of forming a first abutment line 104 on the outer casing 101, a first abutment surface 105 as described above is formed. Figure 15 As shown, this can increase the contact area between the outer casing 101 and the outer heated surface 97, thereby increasing the radial heat flux between them.

[0064] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 15 As shown, the first contact surface 105 of the outer casing 101 is symmetrically matched with the side casing 98, or the external heating surface 97.

[0065] In some optional embodiments of this application, a heat-conducting medium 1041 may still be provided between the first contact surface 105 and the external hot surface 97. The heat-conducting medium 1041 may be heat-conducting grease, heat-conducting silicone oil, etc., to fill the tiny gaps between the first contact surface 105 and the external hot surface 97 of the outer casing 101 as much as possible.

[0066] In some optional embodiments of this application, structural adhesive (not shown) is provided between the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105 and the outer heated surface 97. The structural component is used to fix the outer casing 101 and the outer heated surface 97, so that the two maintain a stable thermal contact and avoid air gaps caused by relative shaking, which would reduce heat flux.

[0067] Optionally, the structural adhesive includes a photocurable structural adhesive. This structural adhesive can be applied and filled between the outer casing 101 and the external heated surface 97, and can form a shape that resembles the outer casing 101 and the external heated surface 97 through adaptive flow. After curing, it can form good surface contact with both the outer casing 101 and the external heated surface 97.

[0068] In some optional embodiments of this application, the outer casing 101 is a transparent tubular structure. The purpose of this design is that when the structural adhesive between the battery pack 400 and the temperature equalization structure 100 is photocured by ultraviolet light irradiation, the outer casing 101 will not affect the transmission of ultraviolet light. For example, the irradiation can be performed from the upper or lower sides of the battery pack 400 and the temperature equalization structure 100, or from one or more sides of the periphery of the battery pack 400 and the temperature equalization structure 100.

[0069] In some embodiments of this application, the structural adhesive and the thermally conductive medium 1041 can be provided simultaneously or selectively between the first abutment wire 104 or the first abutment surface 105 and the external heat surface 97.

[0070] It should be noted that when structural adhesive is provided between the first abutting line 104 or the first abutting surface 105 and the outer heating surface 97, the radial thickness of the structural adhesive is small and its overall thermal resistance is small. It can be regarded as a medium with good thermal conductivity and does not affect the radial heat exchange between the outer heating surface 97 and the outer casing 101.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, one longitudinal end of the outer casing 101 is flexibly connected to the temperature equalization section 12. In practical applications, the battery cells 99 have outer diameter tolerances, the outer casing 101 has outer diameter tolerances, and there may be slight relative deflections between the axial directions of the battery cells 99. The flexible connection between the longitudinal end of the outer casing 101 and the temperature equalization section 12 allows the heat pipe 10 to be adaptively deflected relative to the temperature equalization section 12 to accommodate the non-uniform gaps between the battery cells 99. This allows the heat pipe 10 to evenly and symmetrically heat and even physically contact multiple battery cells 99 around it. The contact area and radial heat flux between the heat pipe 10 and different battery cells 99 can be approximately the same, which is beneficial for the circumferential temperature equalization of the battery cells 99 and the temperature equalization between different battery cells 99.

[0072] like Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the temperature equalization section 12 includes a temperature equalization shell 121, within which a manifold cavity 120 is defined. One longitudinal end of the heat pipe 10 is circumferentially and closedly connected to the temperature equalization shell 121, for example, circumferentially and closedly connected to the upper surface 122 of the temperature equalization shell 121. The internal cylindrical cavity 102 of the heat pipe 10 is in fluid communication with the manifold cavity 120.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, the longitudinal end of the outer casing 101 includes a flexible portion 106 that can be bent. The longitudinal end of the outer casing 101 is circumferentially and closedly connected to the temperature-equalizing housing 121 via its flexible portion 106. The elastic deformation of the flexible portion 106 allows the outer casing 101 to be bent relative to the temperature-equalizing housing 121.

[0074] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 17 As shown, the flexible portion 106 may specifically include a corrugated structure 1061. The corrugated structure 1061 is configured with continuously repeating wave-like, pleated, or corrugated undulations, presenting an alternating concave-convex structure. In some optional embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 18As shown, the flexible part 106 includes a corrugated structure 1061 and an elastic sleeve 1062 disposed around the corrugated structure 1061. The lower ends of the corrugated structure 1061 and the lower ends of the elastic sleeve 1062 are circumferentially closed and connected to the temperature equalization shell 121. The material of the elastic sleeve 1062 can be elastic plastic, elastic silicone, elastic rubber, etc.

[0075] In other alternative embodiments, the flexible portion 106 may include an elastic sleeve 1062, eliminating the corrugated structure 1061.

[0076] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105 on the outer casing 101 has a space on both sides along the circumferential direction, between adjacent battery cells 99, allowing the battery cells 99 to bulge outward. That is, outside the first abutment line 104 and the first abutment surface 105 of the outer casing 101, there is a gap between the battery cells 99.

[0077] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the wall thickness of the outer casing 101 at the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105 is approximately equal both vertically and horizontally. This makes the radial heat transfer capacity of the outer casing 101 approximately equal or even the same at all points along its longitudinal direction.

[0078] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figures 16 to 18 As shown, the internal column cavity 102 includes a column cavity wall 103. The outer casing 101 at the first abutment line 104 or the first abutment surface 105 and the column cavity wall 103 have approximately equal heat flux at various longitudinal positions.

[0079] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 21 As shown, the inner peripheral wall of the outer casing 101 is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer 107, and / or the outer peripheral wall of the outer casing 101 is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer 107. On the one hand, the high thermal conductivity layer 107 can be used to help the outer casing 101 maintain its shape, and the radial wall thickness D of the outer casing 101 can be minimized. On the other hand, the high thermal conductivity layer 107 is used to establish a radial heat dissipation path with high heat flux between the external hot surface 97 and the outer casing 101.

[0080] The material of the high thermal conductivity layer 107 is not limited, as long as its thermal conductivity is higher than that of the material of the outer shell 101. Optionally, the high thermal conductivity layer 107 includes one or more of the following: metal, at least one layer of carbon nanomaterial, or a combination of multiple layers.

[0081] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the radial paths of the outer casing 101 and the inner cylindrical cavity 102 at multiple first abutment lines 104 or first abutment surfaces 105 have approximately equivalent heat flux. This makes the radial heat flux of the outer casing 101 at different circumferential positions as close as possible to the outer heated surface 97, and the radial heat flux of different heat pipes 10 to the outer heated surface 97 as close as possible to the outer heated surface 97.

[0082] In this application, the liquid medium 11 is configured to have a kinematic viscosity that allows it to flow freely and at a uniform temperature within the internal column cavity 102. In some embodiments, the liquid medium 11 is configured to have a kinematic viscosity less than or equal to 2 mm² / s.

[0083] In some alternative embodiments, the liquid medium 11 is configured to have a kinematic viscosity less than or equal to 1.5 mm² / s. In some alternative embodiments, the liquid medium 11 is configured to have a kinematic viscosity less than or equal to 1 mm² / s.

[0084] In some alternative embodiments, the liquid medium 11 includes one or a combination of water, ethylene glycol, and silicone oil.

[0085] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the liquid medium 11 is an insulating material.

[0086] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the liquid medium 11 is configured as a material that will not solidify at a preset low temperature.

[0087] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the liquid medium 11 includes silicone oil.

[0088] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the liquid medium 11 comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

[0089] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 21 As shown, the internal cylindrical cavity 102 has a circumferentially connected cavity structure to allow the liquid medium 11 inside to flow circumferentially. This enables the liquid medium 11 inside each heat pipe 10 to achieve circumferential temperature uniformity through self-heat exchange in the circumferential direction, thereby enabling the external thermal surfaces 97 of multiple battery cells 99 around each heat pipe 10 to achieve temperature uniformity through the same heat pipe 10.

[0090] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the manifold cavity 120 is a closed cavity. In this embodiment, the flow path of the liquid medium 11 inside the manifold cavity 120 is a closed path. The liquid medium 11 inside the manifold cavity 120 can further exchange heat with a cold source or the like outside the temperature equalization section 12 through the temperature equalization shell 121.

[0091] Alternatively, in some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 As shown, the manifold 120 is a cavity with an open end 123, and the liquid level of the liquid medium 11 in the open end 123 can be flush with the top liquid level in the internal column cavity 102. That is, by utilizing the principle of communicating vessels, the top liquid level in the internal column cavity 102 can be made to reach the required height by controlling the liquid level of the liquid medium 11 in the open end 123.

[0092] In some optional embodiments of this application, the manifold cavity 120 includes at least one flow channel (not shown) connecting multiple internal cylindrical cavities 102. The flow channel connects the multiple internal cylindrical cavities 102, allowing the internal cylindrical cavities 102 at different locations to quickly achieve liquid mixing and temperature homogenization. For example, the temperature of the battery cell 99 located at the center is relatively high, while the temperature of the battery cell 99 located at the edge is relatively low. The flow channel allows the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavity 102 located at the center to quickly mix and achieve rapid temperature homogenization with the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavities 102 located at the edge.

[0093] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figures 9 to 11 As shown, along the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 99, the heat pipe 10 and the battery cell 99 can be disposed on one side of the temperature equalization section 12. For example, the heat pipe 10 and the battery cell 99 can be disposed on the upper side of the temperature equalization section 12.

[0094] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the battery cell 99 has a planar bottom (not shown), and the temperature-equalizing shell 121 has a flat upper surface 122. The upper surface 122 of the temperature-equalizing shell 121 and the planar bottom of the battery cell 99 are thermally conductively connected and insulated from each other. The battery cell 99 can exchange heat directly or indirectly with the temperature-equalizing shell 121 through its bottom, and then exchange heat with the liquid medium 11 in the return cavity.

[0095] In other alternative embodiments, the heat spreader 12 may be located on one radial side of the heat pipe 10 and the battery cell 99. For example, the heat pipe 10 may be fluidly connected to a flow-guiding structure (not shown) to a flow-collecting cavity 120 on one side, and / or the planar bottom of the battery cell 99 may be connected to the surface of a heat spreader housing 121 on one side via a heat-conducting structure (not shown). The purpose of this arrangement is to reduce the overall vertical height of the battery module 500.

[0096] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 12As shown, a stacked combination of a metal film layer 161 and an insulating film layer 162 is provided between the upper surface 122 of the heat spreader 121 and the planar bottom of the battery cell 99. The thickness of each of the insulating film layer 162 and the metal film layer 161 can be as small as possible, for example, neither exceeding 1 mm, or even neither exceeding 0.5 mm, in order to minimize the heat transfer path length between the upper surface 122 of the heat spreader 121 and the planar bottom of the battery cell 99, and also to minimize the longitudinal height of the battery module 500. In some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned metal film layer 161 can be omitted.

[0097] In some optional embodiments of this application, the upper surface 122 of the temperature-equalizing shell 121 is thermally coupled to the liquid medium 11 in the manifold cavity 120. This allows the heat of the liquid medium 11 in the manifold cavity 120 to dissipate outward through the temperature-equalizing shell 121 and its upper surface 122.

[0098] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the temperature-equalizing housing 121 is a heat-conducting housing. Optionally, the temperature-equalizing housing 121 is a metal housing. In some embodiments of this application, one longitudinal end of the outer casing 101 is connected to the surface of the heat-conducting housing.

[0099] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the temperature equalization structure 100 also includes a temperature control system 13, which is connected to the temperature equalization section 12 and is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid medium 11 within the manifold cavity 120. This includes at least the temperature control system 13 exchanging heat with the liquid medium 11 when the temperature of the liquid medium 11 within the manifold cavity 120 exceeds a preset upper limit value, thereby lowering the temperature of the liquid medium 11. For example, the temperature control system 13 can be a cold source disposed outside the temperature equalization section 12 and thermally coupled to the temperature equalization section 12. The temperature control system 13 can be thermally coupled to the liquid medium 11 within the manifold cavity 120 or thermally coupled to the temperature equalization shell 121, as long as it can ultimately transfer cooling energy to the liquid medium 11.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, the temperature control system 13 is further used to exchange heat with the liquid medium 11 when the temperature of the liquid medium 11 in the manifold 120 is lower than a preset lower limit value, so as to reduce the temperature of the liquid medium 11. Here, it should be noted that the above description uses the example of the battery cell 99 having a higher temperature and dissipating heat from the battery cell 99 to the temperature equalization section 12 through the heat pipe 10. Conversely, it is also possible for the battery cell 99 to have a lower temperature and absorb heat from the temperature equalization section 12 through the heat pipe 10, in which case the heat transfer paths are reversed.

[0101] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figures 9 to 11As shown, the temperature control system 13 includes a temperature detection system 15, a heating component 131, and a cooling component 133. The temperature detection system 15 is used to detect the temperature of the liquid medium 11 in the manifold 120. The heating component 131 can be disposed inside the manifold 120 or outside the temperature equalization section 12, and is used to heat the liquid medium 11 in the manifold 120. The cooling component 133 is disposed inside the manifold 120 or outside the temperature equalization section 12, and is used to cool the liquid medium 11 in the manifold 120. When the temperature control system 13 only needs to heat or cool the liquid medium 11, the cooling component 133 or the heating component 131 can be omitted accordingly.

[0102] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the heating component 131 is disposed on the side surface of the temperature equalization section 12 that is away from the heat conduction pipe 10. The heating component 131 heats the side surface of the temperature equalization shell 121 that is away from the heat conduction pipe 10, and the heat is transferred to the temperature equalization shell 121 and further transferred to the liquid medium 11 inside it.

[0103] The heating component 131 can take any form, including heating tubes, heating films 1311, etc. Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the heating assembly 131 includes a heating film 1311, which is attached to the surface of the temperature equalization section 12 on the side away from the heat conduction pipe 10.

[0104] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the cooling assembly 133 includes a cold plate 1331, which is disposed on the surface of the heating film 1311 facing away from the heat spreader 12. Either the cold plate 1331 or the heating assembly 131 can be used in an optional manner. When the cold plate 1331 is in use, because the heating film 1311 is relatively thin, it can act as a good conductor of heat, thus not affecting the thermal coupling between the cold plate 1331 and the heat spreader housing 121. The cold plate 1331 can be a thermoelectric cooler.

[0105] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 11 As shown, the cooling assembly 133 also includes a hot plate 1332, which is thermally isolated from the temperature equalization section 12. When the semiconductor cooling chip is operating, the hot plate 1332 simultaneously generates heat. At this time, the hot plate 1332 is isolated from the temperature equalization section 12, and its heat will not affect the temperature equalization section 12. The hot plate 1332 can be thermally isolated from the temperature equalization section 12 by the distance between it and the temperature equalization section 12 or by an insulating structure between it and the temperature equalization section 12. In some optional embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the temperature equalization structure 100 also includes a box 95 disposed around the heat pipe 10, and the hot plate 1332 is disposed outside the box 95. The box 95 is configured to insulate the heat of the hot plate 1332.

[0106] like Figure 13 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the temperature equalization structure 100 further includes a speed control system 14. The speed control system 14 is disposed within the manifold 120 or is in fluid communication with the manifold 120 from the outside, for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid medium 11 within the manifold 120, thereby accelerating the mixing and heat exchange of the liquid medium 11 throughout the manifold 120. The speed control system 14 may be a stirrer or other components that cause liquid flow.

[0107] Second Embodiment Next, the high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure 200 of the second embodiment of this application will be introduced, such as... Figure 22 and Figure 25 As shown. This high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 can be applied to both staggered and upright arrangement structures of battery cells 99. Figure 22 and Figure 25 As shown, a staggered structure is used as an example.

[0108] like Figure 23 and Figure 26 As shown, the high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure 200 includes multiple heat pipes 20 and a first heat exchange medium 21. The multiple heat pipes 20 are embedded in parallel in the battery pack 400. Each heat pipe 20 includes an outer shell 201 and an inner cylindrical cavity 202 extending longitudinally inside the outer shell 201. The multiple outer shells 201 are arranged circumferentially around a side shell 98 and are respectively close to the outer hot surface 97 of the side shell 98. A first contact surface 205 extending at least longitudinally is formed on the outer shell 201 (e.g., Figure 23 (as shown) or the first abutment wire 204 (as shown) Figure 26 As shown in the figure, the first heat exchange medium 21 is respectively disposed in the internal column cavity 202.

[0109] like Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure 200 further includes a plurality of heat dissipation structures 27, such as... Figure 28 and Figure 29 As shown, it also includes a temperature equalization section 22. Each heat dissipation structure 27 is arranged longitudinally and is sleeved on the outside of each heat pipe 20; as shown Figure 23 and Figure 26As shown, each heat dissipation structure 27 includes at least one or more circumferentially spaced temperature limiting portions 271; the temperature limiting portions 271 have a certain thickness in the radial direction, and the temperature limiting portions 271 are at least located at one point on the outer casing 201 and in a space enclosed by at least two adjacent external hot surfaces 97; the temperature limiting portions 271 are provided with temperature limiting material and have a window surface 2710 that is in thermal contact with at least the external hot surface 97 and / or the outer casing 201, such as... Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown. The temperature equalization section 22 has high lateral temperature uniformity and is thermally connected to each heat pipe 20.

[0110] The temperature limiting part 271 exchanges heat with the external hot surface 97 and / or the outer casing 201 through its window surface 2710, so that the temperature limiting part 271 can absorb, store, and limit the heat of the external hot surface 97, and / or exchange the absorbed and stored heat to the outside through the internal column cavity 202.

[0111] The high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 provided in this application embodiment allows for efficient heat exchange between the battery cell 99 and the heat pipe 20 in the radial direction. Multiple heat pipes 20 are arranged around the battery cell 99, enabling efficient heat dissipation in all circumferences of the battery cell 99, which is beneficial for temperature equalization in all circumferences of the battery cell 99. In the longitudinal direction, the heat pipes 20 rely on their internal liquid medium for efficient heat exchange. All heat pipes 20 also exchange heat efficiently through the high lateral temperature equalization of the temperature equalization section 22, enabling heat exchange between multiple battery cells 99 through the temperature equalization section 22, thereby achieving temperature equalization between different battery cells 99. In addition, at least one enclosure between the outer shell 201 and multiple external hot surfaces 97 is directly or indirectly connected to at least one of the external hot surfaces 97 and the outer shell 201 through the temperature limiting section 271. The temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting section 271 can absorb and store a large amount of heat from the battery cell 99, controlling the temperature of the battery cell 99 within a specific temperature range and enhancing the rapid temperature equalization conversion between battery cells 99.

[0112] The high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure 200 provided in this application embodiment can reduce the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell 99 in the circumferential direction, reduce the temperature difference between different parts of the battery cell 99 in the longitudinal direction, reduce the temperature difference between battery cells 99 at different locations, and effectively limit the temperature rise of the battery cell 99, thereby further enhancing the temperature uniformity between battery cells 99.

[0113] In some embodiments of this application, the temperature distribution section 22 is thermally connected to each heat pipe 20. This includes at least three cases: In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 29As shown, the temperature equalization section 22 includes a temperature equalization shell 221, within which a temperature equalization cavity 220 is defined. The temperature equalization cavity 220 is not in communication with each of the internal cylindrical cavities 202. A second heat exchange medium 26 is disposed within the temperature equalization cavity 220. In the temperature equalization section 22, the second heat exchange medium 26 flows by itself and exchanges heat, achieving temperature equalization within the temperature equalization section 22 itself. Furthermore, this ensures that each heat pipe 20 is temperature equalized. In this embodiment, except that the internal cylindrical cavity 202 of the heat pipe 20 is not in fluid communication with the temperature equalization cavity 220, other features of the heat pipe 20 can be set as described in the first embodiment above. The first heat exchange medium 21 can be set as described in the liquid medium 11 of the first embodiment above. The temperature control system, speed control system, etc., can be set as described in the first embodiment above.

[0114] Alternatively, in some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 28 As shown, the temperature equalization section 22 is configured with reference to the first embodiment described above. Its temperature equalization cavity 220 (equivalent to the aforementioned manifold cavity) is configured to be in fluid communication with each internal column cavity 202, so that the fluid of the first heat exchange medium 21 in each internal column cavity 202 is uniformly mixed within the temperature equalization cavity 220. In this embodiment, other features of the heat pipe 20 can be configured with reference to the first embodiment described above, and the first heat exchange medium 21 can be configured with reference to the liquid medium of the first embodiment described above. The temperature control system, speed control system, etc., can be configured with reference to the liquid medium of the first embodiment described above.

[0115] Alternatively, in other embodiments, the temperature equalization section 22 includes a thermally conductive solid component, the longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity 202 is closed on the surface of the solid component, and the solid component is thermally coupled to the longitudinal ends of each heat-conducting pipe 20. The first heat exchange medium 21 flows by itself and exchanges heat within the internal cylindrical cavity 202. In this embodiment, except that the longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity 202 is closed and the temperature equalization section 22 does not define its cavity, other features of the heat-conducting pipe 20 can be set as described in the first embodiment above, and the first heat exchange medium 21 can be set as described in the liquid medium of the first embodiment above. The temperature control system, speed control system, etc., can be set as described in the liquid medium of the first embodiment above.

[0116] In the aforementioned embodiment where any of the heat spreader 22 is thermally connected to each heat pipe 20, in addition to the configuration described in the first embodiment, the outer casing 201 of the heat pipe 20 can be replaced with a rigid tubular structure. Optionally, the outer casing 201 is a thermally conductive tubular structure. Specifically, the outer casing 201 includes a metal tubular structure, preferably made of aluminum, copper, etc., and the lower end of the metal tubular structure is thermally connected to the heat spreader 22; or, the outer casing 201 includes a carbon fiber tubular structure, and the lower end of the carbon fiber tubular structure is thermally connected to the heat spreader 22.

[0117] In some optional embodiments of this application, the second heat exchange medium 26 is disposed in the temperature equalization cavity 220 of the temperature equalization shell 221 and is not in communication with the first heat exchange medium 21. Here, the second heat exchange medium 26 may include a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium.

[0118] In some optional embodiments of this application, the temperature limiting material in the temperature limiting section 271 may include a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium with high heat capacity. Optionally, the high heat capacity liquid material may include one or more of water, ethylene glycol, and silicone oil.

[0119] Optionally, the second heat exchange medium 26 is made of the same material as the first heat exchange medium 21.

[0120] Optionally, the second heat exchange medium 26 may include a phase change material, specifically a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material. Solid-solid, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase change materials absorb a large amount of heat and maintain temperature through their phase change process, and therefore can be used to limit the temperature of the battery cell 99.

[0121] Optionally, the second heat exchange medium 26 may include microcapsule phase change materials. Microcapsule phase change materials refer to solid-liquid phase change materials (paraffin, fatty acids, salts, etc.) encapsulated in a micron-sized polymer / inorganic shell. At a certain temperature, the material inside the microcapsule undergoes a phase change, becoming liquid, while the outer shell of the microcapsule remains intact and the whole remains solid. Macroscopically, this is a "solid-solid phase change," but in essence, it is a "solid-liquid phase change."

[0122] Optionally, the second heat exchange medium 26 may include a fiber-supported shaped phase change material. Fiber-supported shaped phase change material refers to a solid-liquid phase change material supported by a fiber network as a framework, which is loaded with a solid-liquid phase change material through physical adsorption and capillary binding. During the phase change process, the core material melts into a liquid state but is restricted by the fiber structure and cannot flow, thus maintaining a macroscopic solid morphology and dimensional stability, achieving solid-like phase change heat storage behavior.

[0123] In some embodiments of this application, the temperature-limiting material of the temperature-limiting portion 271 may include a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material. Optionally, the temperature-limiting material of the temperature-limiting portion 271 may include a microcapsule phase change material or a fiber-supported shaped phase change material.

[0124] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown, the temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting part 271 has a surface that resembles the outer shell 201 at the non-contact point with the heat-conducting pipe 20.

[0125] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 23 , Figure 24 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, the window surface 2710 includes a first window surface 2711, which is in thermal contact with two adjacent external hot surfaces 97. Here, the first window surface 2711 of the temperature limiting part 271 can directly exchange heat with the external hot surfaces 97 radially.

[0126] Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, the temperature limiting portion 271 is thermally isolated from two adjacent external heating surfaces 97. These two external heating surfaces 97 are thermally connected to the outer casing 201 of the heat-conducting pipe 20 via a first abutment wire 204 or a first abutment surface 205, respectively. Therefore, the heat from the battery cell 99 can be transferred to the heat-conducting pipe 20 through the first abutment wire 204 or the first abutment surface 205. Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown, the window surface 2710 of the temperature limiting part 271 includes a second window surface 2712. The second window surface 2712 is located at the radial contact point between the temperature limiting part 271 and the heat conduction pipe 20. Heat is conducted to the temperature limiting part 271 through the second window surface 2712 by the heat conduction pipe 20 in the form of surface transfer.

[0127] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown, the window surface 2710 is simultaneously located at the thermal contact point between the temperature limiting part 271 and the outer hot surface 97 and the outer casing 201. That is, the first window surface 2711 and the second window surface 2712 can coexist. The temperature limiting part 271 is in thermal contact with the outer hot surface 97 and the outer casing 201 through its two window surfaces 2710.

[0128] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown, each heat dissipation structure 27 has an inner abutment surface 270 that radially thermally abuts against the outer casing 201 of the heat pipe 20. In some embodiments, the heat dissipation structure 27 directly abuts against the outer casing 201, and the inner abutment surface 270 coincides with the first abutment line 204 or the first abutment surface 205 of the outer casing 201. Figure 23 and Figure 26 As shown, in other words, the inner abutment surface 270 may include the first abutment line 204 or the first abutment surface 205 of the outer casing 201. Furthermore, the inner abutment surface 270 may include a second window surface 2712.

[0129] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 23 and Figure 24As shown, each heat dissipation structure 27 also includes a heat coupling portion 273, which is circumferentially disposed between adjacent temperature limiting portions 271. The heat coupling portion 273 is disposed between the outer casing 201 at the first contact surface 205 and the outer heated surface 97, and the outer casing 201 at the first contact surface 205 is recessed to form a third contact surface 2730 that resembles the outer heated surface 97. At this time, the outer casing 201 and the outer heated surface 97 are substantially in contact through the heat coupling portion 273, therefore, the aforementioned first contact line 204 does not need to be formed on the outer casing 201.

[0130] In the radial direction, the thermal coupling part 273 is used for radial thermal connection between the external thermal surface 97 and the heat pipe 20.

[0131] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 23 As shown, the heat coupler 273 and the external heat surface 97 are in radial thermal contact, as... Figure 24 As shown, a heat dissipation path is provided radially from the battery cell 99, the outer thermal surface 97, the thermal coupling part 273, the first contact surface 205 of the outer casing 201 to the inner cylindrical cavity 202.

[0132] In the circumferential direction, the heat coupling portion 273 is used to connect to the adjacent temperature limiting portion 271. Optionally, the heat coupling portion 273 has side contact surfaces 2731 on both circumferential sides that thermally contact the temperature limiting portion 271, such as... Figure 24 As shown. In the circumferential direction, the thermal coupling 273 can exchange heat with the temperature limiting part 271, transferring heat to the temperature limiting part 271 through its contact surface 2731. This provides a third path for heat transfer from the external heating surface 97 to the temperature limiting part 271.

[0133] In some embodiments, the material of the heat coupling portion 273 can be the same as that of the temperature limiting portion 271, and there may be no obvious dividing line between them. The side contact surface 2731 of the heat coupling portion 273 can be a virtual surface inside the materials of both, such as... Figure 24 As shown.

[0134] In some embodiments, the material of the heat coupling part 273 may be different from the material of the temperature limiting part 271, and the material interface between the two serves as the side contact surface 2731 for thermal contact between the two, such as... Figure 33 As shown.

[0135] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 30 , Figure 31 , Figure 32 and Figure 33As shown, the heat dissipation structure 27 also includes an outer shell 275, which is fitted onto the outer casing 201, forming a space with a certain radial thickness between the outer shell 275 and the outer heated surface 97. A temperature-limiting portion 271 is disposed within this radial space and located at least one enclosure between the outer casing 201 and the outer heated surface 97. The outer shell 275 serves to form a receiving space for at least the temperature-limiting portion 271 outside the outer casing 201.

[0136] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 30 , Figure 31 , Figure 32 and Figure 33 As shown, the outer casing 275 is provided at least between the external heat surface 97 of the non-contact portion of the heat pipe 20 and the temperature limiting portion 271.

[0137] Among them, such as Figure 30 and Figure 33 As shown, the outer casing 275 is circumferentially connected to the external heated surface 97 on both sides. Optionally, in this embodiment, the outer casing 275 itself may be a non-closed structure in the direction surrounding the outer casing 201, but rather includes a plurality of discontinuous outer casing portions 2750, which are radially corresponding to each temperature limiting portion 271 and spaced apart circumferentially. The outer casing portions 2750 are circumferentially connected to the external heated surface 97 on both sides, thereby defining a plurality of circumferentially spaced, non-communicating spaces between the outer casing 275 and the external heated surface 97. The temperature limiting portions 271 are disposed in the space between the outer casing 201, the external heated surface 97, and the outer casing portions 2750.

[0138] like Figure 30 As shown, the outer casing 201 abuts against the outer casing portion 2750 with its first abutment line 204.

[0139] like Figure 30 and Figure 32 As shown, in some alternative embodiments, the thermal coupling portion 273 may not be provided between the outer housing portions 2750.

[0140] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 30 and Figure 32 As shown, the outer casing 201 at the first abutment line 204 is close to and thermally connected to the side casing 98, or external hot surface 97, of the battery cell 99. A thermal coupling 273 is not required between the first abutment line 204 and the external hot surface 97. In this case, the battery cell 99 and the heat pipe 20 are in direct contact along the radial heat transfer path, resulting in the shortest heat transfer path and the lowest thermal resistance between them.

[0141] like Figure 33As shown, in this embodiment, a thermal coupling portion 273 may be provided between the outer housing portions 2750.

[0142] like Figure 33 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the circumferential sides of the outer housing 275 are closedly connected to the thermal coupling part 273. In this embodiment, the temperature limiting part 271 is disposed within the space jointly enclosed by the outer casing 201, the outer housing 275, and the thermal coupling part 273.

[0143] In some alternative embodiments, the circumferential sides of the heat coupling portion 273 are limited by the outer housing portion 2750, and the radial sides are limited by the outer heating surface 97 and the outer outer casing 201, respectively. The material of the heat coupling portion 273 is not limited.

[0144] In some alternative embodiments, the thermal coupling part 273 may include a solid thermally conductive material, a phase change material, or a liquid thermally conductive medium.

[0145] In some optional embodiments of this application, the liquid heat-conducting medium of the heat coupling portion 273 may include a high heat capacity liquid material, preferably one or more of water, ethylene glycol, and silicone oil. This arrangement aims to ensure that the heat coupling portion 273, while capable of radial heat transfer between the outer surface and the outer casing 201, also functions as a high heat capacity structure to store heat. That is, the heat coupling portion 273 and the temperature limiting portion 271 can work together to store, transfer, and limit the heat of the external hot surface 97.

[0146] Optionally, the thermal coupling part 273 may include a phase change material, such as a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material.

[0147] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the thermal coupling portion 273 may include a microcapsule phase change material, or it may include a fiber-supported shaped phase change material.

[0148] In some optional embodiments of this application, the material of the heat coupling portion 273 is the same as the material of the temperature limiting portion 271. In other optional embodiments, the material of the heat coupling portion 273 and the material of the temperature limiting portion 271 may be different, such as... Figure 33 As shown. In some alternative embodiments of this application, the thermal coupling part 273 includes a thermally conductive material component, preferably a radially stacked combination of one or more metal layers and carbon fiber layers.

[0149] In some optional embodiments of this application, the material of the thermal coupling part 273 is the same as that of the temperature limiting part 271, and both include phase change materials.

[0150] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 24 and Figure 27 As shown, and as Figure 30 and Figure 31As shown, the outer casing 275 and the thermal coupling part 273 can be optionally provided, and the two do not need to exist at the same time.

[0151] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 31 and Figure 32 As shown, the outer casing 275 is also provided between the outer casing 201 and the outer heat surface 97 at the first contact surface 205 or the first contact line 204 of the heat pipe 20. The outer casing 275 is in the shape of a closed annular tube.

[0152] like Figure 31 and Figure 32 As shown, the outer casing 275 has a second abutment surface 2751 that resembles the external heated surface 97. Alternatively, the corresponding first abutment line 204 or first abutment surface 205 of the outer casing 275 is recessed to conform to the convex shape of the external heated surface 97. Figure 32 As shown, no thermal coupling part 273 is provided between the outer casing 275 and the outer watch case 201. The outer watch case 201 at the first abutment line 204 is close to and thermally connected to the outer casing 275.

[0153] In other embodiments of this application, such as Figure 32 and Figure 33 As shown, the outer casing 275 and the heat coupling part 273 can be provided simultaneously.

[0154] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 32 As shown, the outer casing 275 is also provided between the outer casing 201 and the outer hot surface 97 at the first contact surface 205 or the first contact line 204 of the heat pipe 20. The outer casing 275 is in the shape of a closed annular tube. The heat coupling part 273 is provided between the outer casing 201 and the outer casing 275 at the first contact surface 205 or the first contact line 204 of the heat pipe 20.

[0155] In some alternative embodiments of this application, such as Figure 32 As shown, the heat coupling section 273 includes a temperature limiting material. Optionally, the temperature limiting material of the heat coupling section 273 is the same as the temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting section 271. More optionally, the heat coupling section 273 and the temperature limiting section 271 include the same phase change material. In the circumferential direction, the phase change materials of the heat coupling section 273 and the temperature limiting section 271 are interconnected to form a closed phase change material ring layer.

[0156] In some embodiments, the material and thickness of the outer casing 275 may be set with reference to the outer casing 201 of the first embodiment described above. For example... Figure 31 As shown, in some embodiments, the outer casing 201 may be flexible. After being radially compressed by the single cell 99, the outer casing 201 adaptively deforms to form the aforementioned concave shape, in order to maintain a maximum contact area with the external heated surface 97.

[0157] Optionally, the outer casing 201 can be a flexible plastic tube. Optionally, the outer casing 201 can be a transparent and flexible plastic tube.

[0158] like Figure 31 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the outer casing 201 is radially concave deformed by the pressure of the outer heated surface 97. Since the outer diameter of the outer heated surface 97 is larger than the outer diameter of the outer casing 201, this pressure causes a portion of the corresponding temperature limiting portion 271 of the outer casing 201 to bulge radially outward.

[0159] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 24 As shown, the radial thickness T of the heat coupling part 273 is less than the maximum radial thickness t of the temperature limiting part 271. On the one hand, this is because the portion of the corresponding temperature limiting part 271 of the outer casing 201 mentioned above protrudes radially outward. On the other hand, the radial thickness T of the heat coupling part 273 can be relatively low while still being greater than 0, in order to balance its heat storage performance and high thermal conductivity, mainly to ensure its high radial thermal conductivity, so that the heat coupling part 273 has a high radial heat flux with the outer casing 201 and the outer hot surface 97 on both radial sides.

[0160] In some alternative embodiments, the radial thickness T of the thermal coupling portion 273 is set to no more than 5 mm.

[0161] In some alternative embodiments, the radial thickness T of the thermal coupling portion 273 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0162] In some alternative embodiments, the radial thickness T of the thermal coupling portion 273 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm.

[0163] In some specific embodiments, the radial thickness T of the heat coupling part 273 is set to 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, etc.

[0164] Third Embodiment Next, we will introduce the thermal safety structure 300 provided in the third embodiment of this application.

[0165] like Figure 34As shown, the thermal safety structure 300 is used for thermal management when any single cell 99 in the battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway. It may include the temperature equalization structure 100 described in the first embodiment, or the high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 described in the second embodiment.

[0166] like Figure 34 and Figure 35 As shown, the thermal safety structure 300 also includes a thermal isolation structure 38, which includes a plurality of thermal insulation pads 381. The thermal insulation pads 381 are made of insulating and heat-insulating materials and are disposed longitudinally between adjacent external hot surfaces 97 at the non-contact surfaces of the outer shell. Each thermal insulation pad 381 is circumferentially connected to the thermal evacuation structure 37 (for the high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 of the second embodiment) or the heat pipe 30 (for the temperature equalization structure 100 of the first embodiment) at the non-contact surfaces of the outer shell to circumferentially enclose the external hot surfaces 97.

[0167] The outer hot surface 97 is enclosed by heat insulation pads 381 and heat dissipation structures 37 (or heat pipes 30). Radially, the heat from the battery cell 99 is blocked at the heat insulation pads 381, but on both sides of the heat insulation pads 381, heat can be transferred radially outward through the heat dissipation structures 37 (or heat pipes 30). Thus, for a single battery cell 99, its heat cannot be directly transferred to adjacent battery cells 99, but can only be transferred longitudinally through the aforementioned high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 or temperature equalization structure 100, until it is shared by the temperature equalization section and other heat pipes 30. When a single battery cell 99 experiences thermal runaway, its high temperature will not be directly transferred to adjacent battery cells 99, preventing thermal runaway in adjacent battery cells 99. Instead, the entire high-efficiency temperature equalization structure or temperature equalization structure disperses the heat to all battery cells 99. Thus, due to the high heat capacity of each battery cell 99, a large amount of heat is dispersed, reducing the thermal impact on surrounding normal battery cells 99 and preventing heat spread.

[0168] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 36 As shown, each heat evacuation structure 37 includes a frame (not shown) located on both circumferential sides and extending longitudinally. The heat insulation pad 381 includes a side line 3810 extending longitudinally on both circumferential sides. Adjacent frames and side lines 3810 are sealed together longitudinally at all points, forming a circumferential thermal seal around the side shell 98 of the battery cell 99 at all points longitudinally.

[0169] The frame may be part of the heat evacuation structure 37 or part of the heat pipe 30, or it may be an additional structure provided on both sides of the heat evacuation structure 37 or the heat pipe 30 for connection with the heat insulation pad 381.

[0170] like Figure 36As shown, the heat insulation pad 381 includes edge lines 3810 on both sides along the circumferential direction, as... Figure 35 As shown, the two side lines 3810 are respectively connected to the outer shell of the heat-conducting pipe 30 along the circumferential direction. In the circumferential direction, the heat insulation pad 381 and the heat dissipation structure 37 (or the heat-conducting pipe 30) are alternately closed and connected to form a closed enclosure. Figure 36 As shown, the heat insulation pad 381 also includes a heat insulation body 3811 disposed circumferentially between the edge lines 3810. The edge line 3810 may be a structure made of a different material than the heat insulation body 3811 but fixedly connected circumferentially, or it may be a part of a structure made of the same material as the heat insulation body 3811.

[0171] In some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation pad 381 includes one or more layers of aerogel material.

[0172] In some embodiments of this application, at least a portion of the outer casing (or outer cover) corresponding to the second contact surface is configured not to melt at a preset high temperature. When a battery cell 99 experiences thermal runaway, the heat dissipation structure 37 or heat pipe 30 in thermal contact with the runaway battery cell 99 will not melt at its high temperature.

[0173] In some embodiments of this application, a high-melting-point coating is provided between at least the portion of the outer casing corresponding to the second abutment surface (or at least the portion of the outer casing corresponding to the first abutment line / first abutment surface) and the hot outer surface. The high-melting-point coating includes, but is not limited to, ceramic-based high-melting-point coatings, metal / boride composite coatings, etc. Specifically, the high-melting-point coating may be one or more of the following composites: alumina coating, zirconium oxide coating, titanium carbide coating, carbide coating, molybdenum silicide coating, and nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium coating.

[0174] Fourth embodiment The fourth embodiment of this application provides a battery module 500, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 22 and Figure 34 As shown, the battery pack 400 includes a temperature equalization structure 100 as described in the first embodiment, a high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 as described in the second embodiment, or a thermal safety structure 300 as described in the third embodiment. The battery pack 400 includes a plurality of generally parallel and spaced battery cells 99. Each battery cell 99 is configured to be disposed between a plurality of circumferentially adjacent heat dissipation structures or heat pipes, and its outer hot surface 97 is in thermal contact with the heat dissipation structure or heat pipe.

[0175] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the battery module 500 also includes a fixing frame 96 disposed around the battery pack 400. The fixing frame 96 is used to laterally enclose the battery pack 400 and the temperature equalization structure 100, the high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200 or the thermal safety structure 300, so that the battery cell 99 is kept in radial contact with the heat pipe or the heat dissipation structure.

[0176] For details regarding the configuration of the heat pipe or heat dissipation structure with the battery cell and the configuration of the heat insulation pad with the battery cell, please refer to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0177] Fifth Embodiment like Figure 37 As shown, the fifth embodiment of this application provides a method for manufacturing a battery module, including: Step S1: Prepare the temperature uniform structure 100 of the first embodiment, the high-efficiency temperature uniform structure 200 of the second embodiment, or the thermal safety structure 300 of the third embodiment as described above, and coat the outer peripheral wall of each heat dissipation structure or heat pipe with structural adhesive. Step S2: Prepare battery pack 400, which includes a plurality of generally parallel and spaced battery cells 99. Step S3: Insert the battery pack 400 longitudinally into the thermal safety structure 300, the temperature equalization structure 100, or the high-efficiency temperature equalization structure 200, so that each battery cell 99 is inserted between multiple heat pipes or heat dissipation structures that are adjacent in the circumferential direction. Step S4: Apply pressure in the length and width directions of the battery pack 400 to compress the heat pipe or heat dissipation structure of the adjacent battery cells 99, and make the structural adhesive adapt to the shape of the outer wall of the battery cell 99 and the heat pipe or heat dissipation structure. Step S5: Allow the structural adhesive to cure.

[0178] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A temperature equalization structure for thermal management of battery cells in a planar array of cells, wherein each battery cell includes a side shell, characterized in that, include: Multiple heat pipes are embedded in parallel within the battery pack, each heat pipe including an outer casing and an inner cylindrical cavity extending longitudinally inside the outer casing. Multiple outer casings are arranged circumferentially around a side casing and are all close to the outer heated surface of the side casing, forming a longitudinal first abutment line or first abutment surface on the outer casing; at least in the radial path between the outer casing and the inner cylindrical cavity at the location of the first abutment line or the first abutment surface, and between the outer heated surface and the side casing, there is a high heat flux. The temperature equalization section has a manifold cavity, which is in fluid communication with all the internal cylindrical cavities. A liquid medium is disposed within all the internal column cavities and flows together and mixes within the confluence cavity.

2. The temperature homogenization structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell is a cylindrical battery, a square battery, or a pouch battery; Preferably, the cylindrical battery is a multi-tab battery; Preferably, each of the heat pipes is disposed between three circumferentially arranged side shells, and six heat pipes are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell; or, each of the heat pipes is disposed between four circumferentially arranged side shells, and four heat pipes are circumferentially surrounding the periphery of each battery cell. Preferably, the height of the heat pipe is greater than or equal to half the height of the side shell; Preferably, the height of the heat pipe is greater than or equal to the height of the side shell; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is less than or equal to 2 mm; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is less than or equal to 1.5 mm; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface is insulated from the side casing; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface is made of insulating material, or an insulating and thermally conductive intermediate abutting component is provided between the outer casing at the first abutting line or the first abutting surface and the side casing. Preferably, the outer casing is an insulating tubular structure; Preferably, the outer casing is flexible; Preferably, the elastic modulus of the outer shell is higher than that of the side shell; Preferably, the first contact surface of the outer casing is shaped to match the side casing; Preferably, a heat-conducting medium is provided between the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface and the outer heating surface; Preferably, the thermally conductive medium includes thermally conductive silicone grease or thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, structural adhesive is provided between the outer casing and the outer heating surface at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface; Preferably, the structural adhesive includes a photocurable structural adhesive; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing is bendably connected to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing includes a flexible, bendable portion; Preferably, the flexible part includes a corrugated structure; or, the flexible part includes an elastic sleeve, the upper end of which is connected to one longitudinal end of the outer casing, and the lower end of which is connected to the temperature equalization part. Preferably, the flexible part includes a corrugated structure and an elastic sleeve disposed around the corrugated structure; Preferably, the inner diameter of the internal cylindrical cavity is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm; Preferably, the inner diameter of the internal cylindrical cavity is less than or equal to 5 mm; Preferably, the upper end of the internal column cavity has a watertight and ventilated structure; Preferably, the outer casing is a transparent tubular structure; Preferably, the outer casing has space on both sides of the non-abutting line or non-abutting surface along the circumferential direction, and between adjacent battery cells, allowing the battery cells to bulge outward; Preferably, the radial wall thickness of the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface is approximately equal in thickness at the top and bottom. Preferably, the inner peripheral wall of the outer casing is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer, and / or the outer peripheral wall of the outer casing is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer; Preferably, the high thermal conductivity layer comprises one or more of the following: metal, at least one layer of carbon composite material; Preferably, the outer casing and the inner cylindrical cavity at the locations of the plurality of first abutment lines or first abutment surfaces have approximately equal heat flux along their radial paths; Preferably, the internal column cavity has a column cavity wall, and the outer casing at the first abutment line or the first abutment surface and the column cavity wall have approximately equal heat flux at various longitudinal positions.

3. The temperature homogenization structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid medium is configured to have a kinematic viscosity that allows it to flow freely up and down within the internal column cavity and to be at a uniform temperature. Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid medium is less than or equal to 2 mm² / s; Preferably, the liquid medium is an insulating material; Preferably, the liquid medium comprises thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, the liquid medium comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol; Preferably, the liquid medium is configured as a material that will not solidify at a preset low temperature; Preferably, the internal column cavity has a circumferentially connected cavity structure to allow the circumferential flow of the liquid medium inside it; Preferably, the temperature equalization section includes a temperature equalization shell, and the temperature equalization shell defines the manifold cavity; Preferably, the manifold is a closed cavity, so that the flow path of the liquid medium is a closed path; Alternatively, the confluence cavity may be a cavity with an open end, wherein the liquid level of the liquid medium in the open end is flush with the top liquid level in the internal column cavity; Preferably, the confluence cavity includes multiple flow channels connecting the multiple internal cylindrical cavities, so that the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavity located at the center and the liquid flow in the internal cylindrical cavity located at the edge converge and are uniformly heated; Preferably, the battery cell has a planar bottom, the temperature equalization section has a flat upper surface, and the upper surface and the planar bottom are thermally conductive and insulated from each other. Preferably, an insulating film layer is provided between the upper surface and the planar bottom; Preferably, a composite of a metal film layer and an insulating film layer is provided between the upper surface and the planar bottom; Preferably, the upper surface is thermally coupled to the liquid medium within the manifold cavity; Preferably, the temperature-equalizing shell is a heat-conducting shell; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer casing is circumferentially and fluidly connected to the surface of the temperature-equalizing shell; Preferably, the temperature equalization section is located on one radial side of the battery pack; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a temperature control system connected to the temperature equalization section, which is used to adjust the temperature of the liquid medium in the manifold cavity; Preferably, the temperature control system includes a temperature detection system and a cooling component. The temperature detection system is used to detect the temperature of the liquid medium in the manifold cavity. The cooling component is disposed in the manifold cavity or on the outside of the temperature equalization section, and is used to cool the liquid medium in the manifold cavity. Preferably, the temperature control system further includes a heating component, which is disposed inside the manifold or outside the temperature equalization section, for heating the liquid medium inside the manifold; Preferably, the heating component is disposed on the surface of the temperature equalization section opposite to the heat-conducting pipe; Preferably, the heating assembly includes a heating film, which is attached to the surface of the temperature equalization section opposite to the heat-conducting pipe; Preferably, the cooling assembly includes a cold plate disposed on the side surface of the heating film opposite to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, the cooling assembly further includes a hot plate, which is thermally isolated from the temperature equalization section; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a box disposed around the heat pipe, the hot plate being disposed outside the box, and the box being able to insulate the heat of the hot plate; Preferably, the temperature equalization structure further includes a speed regulation system, which is disposed inside the manifold or on the outside of the manifold and in fluid communication with the manifold, for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid medium inside the manifold.

4. The temperature homogenization structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Each of the heat pipes is embedded in the arrangement gaps between the battery cells in the battery pack; Preferably, the height of the side shell is 30mm to 200mm; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the heat pipe to the height of the side shell is between 0.7 and 1.5; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the heat pipe to the height of the side shell is between 1 and 1.5; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the internal cylindrical cavity to the height of the side shell is between 0.5 and 1.2; Preferably, the ratio of the height of the internal cylindrical cavity to the height of the side shell is between 0.5 and 0.99; Preferably, the height of the liquid flow in the internal column cavity is equal to or less than the height of the internal column cavity; Preferably, the upper longitudinal section of the internal column cavity includes a gas-sealed section.

5. A high-efficiency temperature uniformity structure for high-uniformity temperature uniformity thermal management among multiple battery cells in a battery pack arranged in a straight line, wherein each battery cell includes a side shell; characterized in that, include: A temperature equalization structure is embedded in the battery pack, and the temperature equalization structure includes multiple heat pipes and a first heat exchange medium. The heat pipes are embedded in the battery pack in parallel. Each heat pipe includes an outer shell and an inner cylindrical cavity extending longitudinally inside the outer shell. A plurality of outer shells are arranged circumferentially around a side shell and each of them is thermally abutting the outer surface of the side shell, and a first contact surface or a first contact line extending at least longitudinally is formed on the outer shell. The first heat exchange medium is respectively disposed in the internal column cavity; Multiple heat dissipation structures are provided, each arranged longitudinally along the heat pipe and sleeved on the outside of each heat pipe. Each heat dissipation structure includes at least one temperature-limiting portion arranged circumferentially or multiple circumferentially spaced portions. The temperature-limiting portion has a certain thickness in the radial direction and is provided at least at one location on the outer casing in a space enclosed by at least two adjacent external hot surfaces. The temperature-limiting portion is provided with a temperature-limiting material and has a window surface that is in thermal contact with at least the external hot surface and / or the outer casing. The temperature equalization section has high lateral temperature uniformity and is thermally connected to the internal cylindrical cavity of all the heat-conducting pipes.

6. The high-efficiency temperature homogenization structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature equalization section includes a temperature equalization shell, and a temperature equalization cavity is defined within the temperature equalization shell. The temperature equalization cavity is not in communication with each of the internal column cavities. The second heat exchange medium is disposed within the temperature equalization cavity. Preferably, the second heat exchange medium includes a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium; Preferably, the second heat exchange medium comprises a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the second heat exchange medium includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are made of the same material; Preferably, the temperature equalization section includes a thermally conductive solid component, the longitudinal end of the internal cylindrical cavity is closed on the surface of the solid component, and the solid component is thermally coupled to the longitudinal end of each of the heat-conducting pipes; Alternatively, the temperature equalization section has a flow-collecting cavity, which is in fluid communication with each of the internal column cavities, so that the fluid of the first heat exchange medium in each of the internal column cavities is mixed in the flow-collecting cavity; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium comprises a liquid heat exchange medium, and the first heat exchange medium is configured to have a kinematic viscosity that allows it to flow freely up and down within the internal column cavity and to achieve uniform temperature. Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the first heat exchange medium is less than or equal to 2 mm² / s; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium is an insulating material; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium includes thermally conductive silicone oil; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol; Preferably, the first heat exchange medium is configured as a material that will not solidify at a preset low temperature; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures has an inner abutment surface, the inner abutment surface including the first abutment line or the first abutment surface, the inner abutment surface radially abutting the outer casing; Preferably, the window surfaces are respectively thermally abutting against two adjacent external thermal surfaces; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures further includes an outer shell, which is fitted onto the outer shell and forms a space with radial thickness between the outer shell and the outer shell. The temperature limiting part is disposed in the space and is located at at least one enclosure between the outer shell and the outer hot surface. Preferably, the outer casing at the first contact surface is close to and thermally connected to the side casing of the battery cell; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutment point is close to and thermally connected to the outer heating surface; preferably, the circumferential sides of the outer casing are closed and connected to the outer heating surface; Preferably, the outer shell includes a plurality of discontinuous outer shell portions, each of which is circumferentially closed and connected to the outer heating surface, and the temperature limiting portion is disposed between the outer shell, the outer heating surface and the outer shell portion; Preferably, the temperature limiting material of the temperature limiting part includes a phase change material or a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the temperature limiting part includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the temperature limiting part comprises a microcapsule phase change material, or a fiber-supported shaped phase change material; Preferably, each of the heat dissipation structures further includes a heat coupling part, which is disposed circumferentially between adjacent temperature limiting parts, and the heat coupling part is disposed between the outer casing and the outer hot surface at the first contact surface; Preferably, the circumferential sides of the outer housing are closedly connected to the heat coupling part; Preferably, along the circumferential direction, the opposite sides of the heat coupling part are respectively connected to the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the heat coupling part has side contact surfaces on both circumferential sides that thermally contact the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the thermal coupling part includes a thermally conductive material component that is different from the material of the temperature limiting part, and the thermally conductive material component includes a combination of multiple layers such as a metal layer and a carbon fiber layer; Preferably, the material of the heat coupling part includes a phase change material or a liquid heat exchange medium; Preferably, the heat coupling part comprises a high heat capacity liquid material; Preferably, the thermal coupling part includes a phase change material, a solid-liquid phase change material, a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-gas phase change material; Preferably, the thermal coupling part comprises a microcapsule phase change material, or a fiber-supported shaped phase change material; Preferably, the material of the heat coupling part is the same as the material of the temperature limiting part; Preferably, the thermal coupling part and the temperature limiting part are made of the same phase change material and are connected circumferentially to form a closed phase change material ring layer; Preferably, the radial thickness of the heat coupling portion is less than the maximum radial thickness of the temperature limiting portion; Preferably, the thermal coupling portion has a high radial heat flux with respect to the outer casing and the outer thermal surface on both radial sides; Preferably, the outer casing is also disposed between the outer casing and the outer heating surface at the first contact surface of the heat-conducting pipe, and the outer casing is in the form of a closed annular tube. Preferably, the outer casing has a second contact surface that resembles the external heated surface; Preferably, the outer casing at the first abutment point is close to and thermally connected to the outer casing; Preferably, the outer casing is an insulating tubular structure; Preferably, the outer shell is a transparent tubular structure; Preferably, the outer shell is flexible, and the elastic modulus of the outer shell is higher than that of the side shell; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer shell is flexibly connected to the temperature equalization section; Preferably, one longitudinal end of the outer shell includes a flexible, bendable portion.

7. A thermal safety structure for thermal management in the event of thermal runaway of any single cell in a battery pack arranged in a straight line, wherein the single cell includes a side shell; the thermal safety structure includes a temperature equalization structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 or a high-efficiency temperature equalization structure as described in any one of claims 5 to 6 embedded in the battery pack; Its features are, The thermal safety structure also includes: A thermal insulation structure includes multiple thermal insulation pads, which are made of insulating and heat-insulating material and are longitudinally disposed between adjacent external hot surfaces at the non-contact surface of the outer casing; each thermal insulation pad is circumferentially connected to the thermal evacuation structure or the heat-conducting pipe at the non-contact surface of the outer casing at various points in the longitudinal direction to circumferentially enclose the external hot surface.

8. The thermal safety structure as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the thermal evacuation structures includes a frame extending longitudinally on both circumferential sides, and the thermal insulation pad includes a side line extending longitudinally on both circumferential sides. The adjacent frame and side line abut against each other longitudinally to form a circumferential thermal seal around the side shell of the battery cell at all longitudinal points. Preferably, the heat insulation pad includes an aerogel material layer.

9. A battery module, characterized in that, include: The temperature uniform structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or the high-efficiency temperature uniform structure as described in any one of claims 5 to 6, or the thermal safety structure as described in any one of claims 7 to 8; as well as The battery pack includes a plurality of generally parallel and spaced battery cells, each of the battery cells being configured to be disposed between a plurality of circumferentially adjacent heat dissipation structures or heat pipes, and having its external hot surface in thermal contact with the heat dissipation structures or heat pipes.

10. A method for preparing a battery module, characterized in that, include: Prepare a temperature homogeneous structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or a high-efficiency temperature homogeneous structure as described in any one of claims 5 to 6, or a thermally safe structure as described in any one of claims 7 to 8; Structural adhesive is applied longitudinally to the outer wall of each of the heat pipes or the heat dissipation structure; A battery pack is provided, wherein structural adhesive is applied to the bottom of each of the battery cells in the battery pack, and each of the battery cells is inserted between adjacent heat dissipation structures or heat pipes; Pressure is applied in the length and width directions of the battery pack to cause adjacent battery cells to squeeze the heat pipe or the heat dissipation structure, and to make the structural adhesive adapt to the shape of the outer wall surface of the battery cell and the heat pipe or the heat dissipation structure. The structural adhesive is then cured.

Images