Superconducting motor and rotor

Abstract

This application discloses a rotor comprising a rotor housing, a rotor shaft, a rotor core, and rotor windings. The rotor forms three coaxially distributed zones: a normal temperature zone, a first low-temperature zone, and a second low-temperature zone. The first low-temperature zone is located between the normal temperature zone and the second low-temperature zone. The temperature of the first low-temperature zone is lower than that of the normal temperature zone, and the temperature of the second low-temperature zone is lower than that of the first low-temperature zone. The rotor shaft is located in the normal temperature zone, while the rotor core and rotor windings are located in the second low-temperature zone. The rotor windings include coil leads, each coil lead comprising a conductor and a Peltier unit. At least a portion of the Peltier unit is in close contact with the conductor. One end of the conductor is connected to the second low-temperature zone, and the other end of the conductor passes through the rotor housing to the outside of the rotor. This application also provides a superconducting motor. This application reduces heat leakage by employing a normal temperature shaft and a three-temperature zone structure within the rotor, while also incorporating Peltier units on the coil leads of the rotor windings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a superconducting motor and rotor. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature superconducting phase shifters possess advantages such as high power density, fast reactive power response, and strong voltage regulation capabilities, and are therefore widely researched and applied in new energy power systems. The rotor of a high-temperature superconducting phase shifter is a high-temperature superconducting rotor, typically operating near the 30K temperature range. Currently, the 30K cold helium superconducting rotor structure faces technical challenges, particularly heat leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a rotor with low heat leakage.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of this application provides a rotor comprising a rotor housing, a rotor shaft, a rotor core, and rotor windings; the rotor housing encloses a receiving space; at least a portion of the rotor shaft is located within the receiving space; the rotor core is located within the receiving space and is situated outside the rotor shaft; the rotor windings are located within the receiving space and are mounted to the outer surface of the rotor core; a room temperature region, a first low temperature region, and a second low temperature region are coaxially distributed within the rotor, the first low temperature region being located between the room temperature region and the second low temperature region; the temperature of the first low temperature region is lower than the temperature of the room temperature region, the temperature of the second low temperature region is lower than the temperature of the first low temperature region, the rotor shaft is located in the room temperature region, and the rotor core and rotor windings are located in the second low temperature region; the rotor windings include a superconducting coil and coil leads, the coil leads including a conductor and Peltier units, at least a portion of the Peltier units being in close contact with the conductor, one end of the conductor being connected to the superconducting coil in the second low temperature region, and the other end of the conductor passing through the rotor housing to the outside of the rotor.

[0005] Furthermore, the rotor also forms a first sealed container and a second sealed container coaxially arranged. A first low-temperature zone is formed inside the first sealed container, and a second low-temperature zone is formed inside the second sealed container. A rotor vacuum layer is formed between the rotor housing and the first and second sealed containers. One end of the Peltier unit is located inside the second sealed container, and the other end of the Peltier unit is located outside the rotor.

[0006] Furthermore, the coil leads also include a room temperature fixing component and a second low temperature fixing component. The conductor and Peltier unit are fixed to the rotor housing through the room temperature fixing component, and the conductor and Peltier unit are fixed to the second sealed container through the second low temperature fixing component.

[0007] Furthermore, the room temperature fixing component includes a room temperature insulating component, which is located between the conductor and the rotor housing to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the rotor housing.

[0008] Furthermore, the second cryogenic fixing component includes a second cryogenic insulating component, which is located between the conductor and the second sealed container to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the second sealed container.

[0009] Furthermore, the coil lead also includes a first cryogenic fixing component, which fixes the conductor and Peltier unit to the outside of the first end plate of the first sealed container.

[0010] Furthermore, an array of grooves is formed on the outer side of the first end plate, and an array of protrusions is formed on the side of the conductor near the first end plate, with the array protrusions installed into the array of grooves.

[0011] Furthermore, the first cryogenic fixing member includes a first cryogenic insulating member, which is located between the conductor and the first end plate to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the first end plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the first cryogenic fixing member includes a first cryogenic fixing plate for fixing the conductor to the first end plate, the first cryogenic fixing plate being disposed on the side of the conductor away from the first end plate.

[0013] A second aspect of this application also provides a superconducting motor, which includes a motor stator and the aforementioned rotor.

[0014] This application employs a room-temperature shaft and incorporates a three-temperature zone structure within the rotor. By setting an intermediate temperature zone between the rotor winding's temperature zone and the room-temperature shaft, the heat leakage generated by the rotor winding through the room-temperature shaft is reduced. Furthermore, Peltier units are incorporated into the rotor winding's coil leads to further reduce heat leakage caused by the leads. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the motor rotor in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the motor rotor perpendicular to the axis in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the motor rotor along the axial direction in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the internal components of the motor rotor in the first embodiment of this application. From top to bottom, they are the rotor shaft, the first heat insulation layer, the first inner sealing layer, the third heat insulation layer, the first outer sealing layer, the second heat insulation layer, the second inner sealing layer, and the rotor core. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixing column in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coil leads and nearby components in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the coil lead structure in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating transmission component in the first embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating transmission component in the first embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0018] The superconducting motor includes a motor rotor, a motor stator, and a motor housing. The motor stator is fixed inside the motor housing, and the motor rotor passes through the motor stator. The motor stator is sleeved on the outside of the motor rotor, and the positions of the motor stator and the motor rotor are matched. A rotatable connection is formed between the motor rotor and the motor housing.

[0019] The specific embodiments of this application provide a detailed description and explanation of the motor rotor in a superconducting motor.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should also be understood that the motor rotor involved in this application has a rotor shaft. Unless otherwise specified in the description of this application, "axial" refers to the direction extending along the rotation axis of the rotor shaft, "radial" refers to the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotor shaft, and "circumferential" refers to the direction around the rotation axis of the rotor shaft. In the axial direction, "inner" or "inner side" refers to the side closer to the superconducting motor, and "outer" or "outer side" refers to the side away from the superconducting motor. In the radial direction, "inner" or "inner side" refers to the side closer to the axis of the rotor shaft, and "outer" or "outer side" refers to the side away from the axis of the rotor shaft. Furthermore, if a part has a hollow cavity, the "inner side" of the part refers to the part disposed inside the hollow cavity, and the "outer side" of the part refers to the part disposed outside the hollow cavity.

[0021] One aspect of this application provides, as Figures 1 to 11 The motor rotor 100 in the first embodiment shown.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the motor rotor 100 in the first embodiment of this application includes a rotor shaft 11 located at the center. Outside the rotor shaft 11, from the inside out, it includes a first inner sealing layer 121, a first outer sealing layer 122, a second inner sealing layer 131, a rotor core 15, a rotor winding 18, and a second outer sealing layer 132. A heat insulation layer 14 may also be provided in the above-mentioned layer structure as needed. Specifically, the heat insulation layer 14 may include a first heat insulation layer 141 disposed between the rotor shaft 11 and the first inner sealing layer 121, and a second heat insulation layer 142 disposed between the first outer sealing layer 122 and the second inner sealing layer 131.

[0023] In this embodiment, the rotor shaft 11 is at room temperature, forming a room temperature zone. Related technologies include solutions using low-temperature shafts. While low-temperature shafts offer advantages such as simple structure and ease of manufacturing, the difficulty in implementing insulation structures in the shaft area makes it prone to severe heat leakage. This embodiment uses a room-temperature shaft, eliminating the temperature difference between the rotor shaft 11 and the ambient temperature, thus resolving the heat leakage problem caused by the rotor shaft 11.

[0024] A space is formed between the first inner sealing layer 121 and the first outer sealing layer 122, which can be filled with a first cooling medium. After the first cooling medium is filled into this space, a first low-temperature zone is formed within the motor rotor 100. A space is formed between the second inner sealing layer 131 and the second inner sealing layer 132, which can be filled with a second cooling medium. After the second cooling medium is filled into this space, a second low-temperature zone is formed within the motor rotor 100. The temperatures in the room temperature zone, the first low-temperature zone, and the second low-temperature zone decrease sequentially. The second low-temperature zone has a relatively lower temperature and is used to enable superconductivity in the rotor winding 18 of the motor rotor 100. If the second low-temperature zone and the room temperature zone are directly adjacent, due to the large temperature difference between the two zones, severe heat leakage is likely to occur, making it difficult to maintain the low-temperature environment in the second low-temperature zone, or requiring higher costs to maintain the low-temperature environment in the second low-temperature zone. In this embodiment, three temperature zones are set up. Specifically, a first low-temperature zone is set up between the room temperature zone and the second low-temperature zone. Setting up three temperature zones with a certain temperature gradient can reduce the temperature difference between adjacent temperature zones, alleviate the heat leakage phenomenon between adjacent temperature zones, and avoid the serious heat leakage problem caused by the second low-temperature zone for achieving superconductivity being directly adjacent to the room temperature layer.

[0025] Meanwhile, a first heat insulation layer 141 is provided between the normal temperature zone and the first low temperature zone, i.e., between the rotor shaft 11 and the first inner sealing layer 121; a second heat insulation layer 142 is provided between the first low temperature zone and the second low temperature zone, i.e., between the first outer sealing layer 122 and the second inner sealing layer 131. The first heat insulation layer 141 and the second heat insulation layer 142 can further reduce heat transfer between adjacent temperatures, further reducing heat leakage. The first heat insulation layer 141 and the second heat insulation layer 142 can be made of the same heat insulation material, or a heat insulation layer 14 that is compatible but has certain differences in material composition can be selected according to the temperature difference between the two different temperature zones. Furthermore, the thickness and shape of the first heat insulation layer 141 and the second heat insulation layer 142 can be the same, or, based on actual conditions and requirements such as strength and connection stability, a heat insulation layer 14 that is compatible but has certain differences in thickness and shape can be selected. However, due to factors such as cost, the first insulation layer 141 and the second insulation layer 142 are preferably insulation layers 14 with the same insulation material and the same thickness.

[0026] Furthermore, a third heat insulation layer 143 can be provided inside the first outer sealing layer 122, and the third heat insulation layer 143 is basically in close contact with the first outer sealing layer 122. The third heat insulation layer 143 and the second heat insulation layer 142 are basically located on the inner and outer sides of the first outer sealing layer 122. The third heat insulation layer 143 can further increase the thermal resistance between the second low temperature zone and the first low temperature zone. At the same time, the third heat insulation layer 143 and the second heat insulation layer 142 cooperate with each other to further isolate the heat transfer between the first outer sealing layer 122 and the second heat insulation layer 142.

[0027] Specifically, at least one of the first insulation layer 141, the second insulation layer 142, or the third insulation layer 143 may be made of resin materials, including epoxy resin.

[0028] A first heat-insulating vacuum layer 144 can be formed between the rotor shaft 11 and the first heat-insulating layer 141, and a second heat-insulating vacuum layer 145 can be formed between the second heat-insulating layer 142 and the first outer sealing layer 122. The first heat-insulating vacuum layer 144 is located between the normal temperature zone and the first low temperature zone. The first heat-insulating vacuum layer 144 can basically isolate the heat transfer between the rotor shaft 11 and the first heat-insulating layer 141, and can further isolate the heat transfer between the normal temperature zone and the first low temperature zone, thus achieving heat insulation in most areas between the first low temperature zone and the normal temperature zone. The second heat-insulating vacuum layer 145 is located between the first low temperature zone and the second low temperature zone. The second heat-insulating vacuum layer 145 can basically isolate the heat transfer between the first outer sealing layer 122 and the second heat-insulating layer 142, and can further isolate the heat transfer between the first low temperature zone and the second low temperature zone, thus achieving heat insulation in most areas between the second low temperature zone and the first low temperature zone.

[0029] In this embodiment, by setting three temperature zones and simultaneously setting a heat insulation layer 14 between adjacent temperature zones and forming a corresponding vacuum layer, not only can the temperature difference between each temperature zone be reduced, and heat leakage can be reduced by reducing the temperature gradient, but heat transfer can also be further reduced through the heat insulation layer 14 and the formed vacuum layer. This basically solves the serious heat leakage problem that easily occurs in the motor rotor 100 of the existing superconducting motor, and reduces the efficiency and cost of forming a stable low temperature environment in the second low temperature zone.

[0030] The first inner sealing layer 121 and the first outer sealing layer 122 enclose a first sealed container 12, which is filled with a first cooling medium, forming a first low-temperature zone. The second inner sealing layer 131 and the second outer sealing layer 132 enclose a second sealed container 13, in which components such as a rotor core 15 and a rotor winding 18 can be installed. A second cooling medium of a corresponding temperature can be introduced into the second sealed container 13 around the rotor core 15 and the rotor winding 18, keeping them at a low temperature to achieve superconductivity.

[0031] Furthermore, a second cooling medium can be used according to the temperature at which the superconducting material achieves superconductivity. This second cooling medium cools the rotor core 15 and rotor winding 18 to the corresponding superconducting temperature. Similarly, a first cooling medium with a temperature between the second cooling medium and room temperature is selected. By creating a temperature gradient between the second cooling medium and room temperature using the first cooling medium, the temperature difference between adjacent temperature zones can be reduced, mitigating heat leakage between adjacent temperature zones and avoiding severe heat leakage problems caused by the direct proximity of the second low-temperature zone for achieving superconductivity to the room temperature layer.

[0032] Specifically, the second cooling medium can be cold helium gas, so that the second low-temperature zone and the rotor core 15 and rotor winding 18 in the second low-temperature zone can be basically in a low-temperature environment of 30K during operation; while the first cooling medium can be liquid nitrogen, so that the first low-temperature zone can be basically in a low-temperature environment of 77K during operation, buffering the temperature difference between the second low-temperature zone and the normal temperature environment, and reducing the heat leakage phenomenon of the second low-temperature zone.

[0033] In addition, such as Figure 3As shown, several end plates are provided at both ends of the motor rotor 100. These end plates are interconnected with components such as the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second inner sealing layer, and the second outer sealing layer to form a complete tank structure, thereby realizing the aforementioned first low-temperature zone and second low-temperature zone. Specifically, each end of the motor rotor 100 includes a first end plate 123, which is basically annular. The first end plate 123 is connected between the first inner sealing layer 121 and the first outer sealing layer 122. The first end plate 123, the first inner sealing layer 121, and the first outer sealing layer 122 are interconnected to form a complete first sealed tank 12 body. After the first cooling medium is introduced into the first sealed tank 12 body, the first low-temperature zone is formed. Similarly, the two ends of the motor rotor 100 also include a second end plate 133, which is also basically circular. The inner diameter of the second end plate 133 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the first end plate 123. The second end plate 133 is connected between the second inner sealing layer and the second outer sealing layer. The second end plate 133, the second inner sealing layer and the second outer sealing layer are interconnected to form a complete second sealing tank 13 body. After the second cooling medium is introduced into the second sealing tank 13 body, a second low temperature zone is formed.

[0034] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 3 As shown, the motor rotor 100 in the first embodiment of this application further includes a rotor housing 16, which is disposed on the outermost layer of the motor rotor 100. The rotor housing 16 includes a rotor shell layer 161 and rotor end plates 162. The rotor end plates 162 are connected to both ends of the rotor housing 16, and the outer end plates on both sides are connected to the rotor shell layer 161 to form the rotor housing 16. The rotor housing 16 is sleeved on the outside of the first sealed container 12 and the second sealed container 13, and a rotor vacuum layer 163 is formed between the rotor housing 16 and the first sealed container 12 and the second sealed container 13.

[0035] like Figure 4As shown, the rotor shell 161 includes a support layer 1611, a shell sealing layer 1612, a shielding layer 1613, and a reinforcing layer 1614. The rotor sealing layer can be connected to the outer end plate to form a sealed rotor shell 16. The support layer 1611 fills the vacuum layer between the shell sealing layer 1612 and the second outer sealing layer 132. The support layer 1611 has a porous structure and is made of a material with low thermal conductivity. The support layer 1611, filled in the above-mentioned position, can support the shell sealing layer 1612 and prevent the outer shell sealing layer 1612 and other structures from collapsing due to the vacuum environment. At the same time, the support layer 1611 has low thermal conductivity, which, in conjunction with the vacuum environment it is in, can block the path of heat leakage from the second low-temperature zone to the outside, further reducing the heat leakage of the second low-temperature zone. Specifically, the support layer 1611 can adopt a hexagonal honeycomb structure. The hexagonal honeycomb structure possesses high mechanical strength and support capacity, enabling it to support the outer sealing layer in a vacuum environment and preventing collapse of the outer sealing layer and other structures due to the vacuum environment. The shielding layer 1613 protects the superconducting coil 181 from the influence of external harmonic armature magnetic fields. Specifically, the shielding layer 1613 can be a thin layer of metal material, such as a thin layer of copper. The reinforcing layer 1614 secures the shielding layer 1613, preventing it from radially detaching due to centrifugal force during motor rotor 100 operation, thus improving the operational stability of the motor rotor 100. Specifically, the reinforcing layer 1614 can be a carbon fiber layer with high tensile strength.

[0036] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in the motor rotor 100 of the first embodiment of this application, the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation layer 142, the second inner sealing layer 131 and the rotor core 15 are fixed together by means of a tooth structure and a groove structure cooperating with each other.

[0037] A plurality of shaft protrusions 111 are formed on the outer side of the rotor shaft 11, and a plurality of first heat insulation grooves 1411 are formed on the inner side of the first heat insulation layer 141, which are matched with the shaft protrusions 111 on the outer side of the rotor shaft 11. The first heat insulation layer 141 is sleeved on the outer side of the rotor shaft 11 and fixed to the rotor shaft 11 by the protrusion structure and the groove structure. After the groove structure on the inner side of the first heat insulation layer 141 and the protrusion structure on the outer side of the rotor shaft 11 cooperate with each other, it can not only fix the first heat insulation layer 141 and the rotor shaft 11 to each other, but also realize the transmission of force and torque between the rotor shaft 11 and the first heat insulation layer 141. Furthermore, in order to better connect the rotor shaft 11 and the first heat insulation layer 141, a number of shaft protrusions 111 are provided in both the circumferential and axial directions of the rotor shaft 11. The number of shaft protrusions 111 are evenly distributed on the rotor shaft 11, and corresponding first heat insulation grooves 1411 are provided on the inner side of the first heat insulation layer 141 to match them.

[0038] Similarly, a number of evenly distributed first heat-insulating protrusions 1412 are formed on the outer side of the first heat-insulating layer 141, and a first inner sealing groove 1211 corresponding to the first heat-insulating protrusions 1412 on the outer side of the first heat-insulating layer 141 is formed on the inner side of the first inner sealing layer 121. After the first inner sealing layer 121 is fitted onto the outer side of the first heat-insulating layer 141, the first heat-insulating protrusions 1412 on the outer side of the first heat-insulating layer 141 and the first inner sealing groove 1211 on the inner side of the first inner sealing layer 121 cooperate with each other to realize the transmission of force and torque.

[0039] Similarly, a first inner sealing tooth 1212 is formed on the outer side of the first inner sealing layer 121, a first outer sealing groove 1221 and a first outer sealing tooth 1222 are formed on the inner and outer sides of the first outer sealing layer 122, a second heat insulation groove 1421 and a second heat insulation tooth 1422 are formed on the inner and outer sides of the second heat insulation layer 142, a second inner sealing groove 1311 and a second inner sealing tooth 1312 are formed on the inner and outer sides of the second inner sealing layer 131, and a core groove 151 is formed on the inner side of the rotor core 15. After the above arrangement, the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation layer 142, the second inner sealing layer 131, and the rotor core 15 are fixed together by the cooperation of the tooth structure and the groove structure, and the force and torque are transmitted.

[0040] Furthermore, the aforementioned tooth structures located on the outer surfaces of the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation layer 142, and the second inner sealing layer 131 can, in the axial direction, form continuous, complete, and axially extending teeth, or form several independent teeth distributed along the axial direction. Additionally, continuous, complete, and axially extending teeth can be formed on some components, while several independent teeth distributed along the axial direction can be formed on other components. The tooth structures and groove structures between adjacent layers can cooperate to fix each layer in the circumferential direction.

[0041] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 5 As shown, in the first embodiment of this application, the rotor shaft 11 is a complete integral structure. This integral design allows the rotor shaft 11 to withstand greater forces and torques, improving the performance and reliability of the motor rotor 100. Furthermore, within the motor rotor 100, there are two low-temperature zones between the rotor shaft 11 and the second outer sealing layer 132. These zones are filled with a first cooling medium and a second cooling medium. By making the rotor shaft 11 and the second outer sealing layer 132 complete integral structures, the sealing performance of the motor rotor 100 is improved, thermal resistance is increased, heat leakage within the motor rotor 100 is reduced, and the insulation effect of the motor rotor 100 is enhanced.

[0042] The first heat insulation layer 141 includes a plurality of first heat insulation portions 1413, which are arranged axially to form the first heat insulation layer 141. The first heat insulation layer 141 is located between a normal temperature zone and a first low temperature zone. During the operation of the motor rotor 100, the first heat insulation layer 141 undergoes a state change process from normal temperature to low temperature, during which the first heat insulation layer 141 experiences a shrinkage phenomenon. That is, due to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the first heat insulation layer 141 shrinks in volume when it changes from a normal temperature state to a low temperature state, especially in the axial direction of the first heat insulation layer 141 and the second heat insulation layer 142. This axial volume shrinkage results in a significant change in the overall size of the first heat insulation layer 141, affecting the mutual fixation between the first heat insulation layer 141 and the rotor shaft 11 and the first inner sealing layer 121. It also poses a risk of breakage to the first heat insulation layer 141 itself, adversely affecting the reliability of the motor rotor 100. Dividing the first heat insulation layer 141 axially into several first heat insulation portions 1413 allows for the even distribution of the overall shrinkage amount of the first heat insulation layer 141 by utilizing the separation between these portions, thus reducing the overall dimensional change of the first heat insulation layer 141 during shrinkage. The smaller shrinkage amount of each first heat insulation portion 1413 also reduces the positional offset caused by shrinkage, improving the stability of the first heat insulation layer 141 between it and the rotor shaft 11 and the first inner sealing layer 121, thereby enhancing the stability of the motor rotor 100.

[0043] The second heat insulation layer 142 is also configured similarly to the first heat insulation layer 141, comprising a plurality of second heat insulation portions 1423, which are arranged along the axis to form the second heat insulation layer 142. This configuration improves the stability of the fixation between the second heat insulation layer 142 and the first outer sealing layer 122 and the second inner sealing layer 131, thereby enhancing the stability of the motor rotor 100.

[0044] After the first insulation layer 141 and the second insulation layer 142 are configured as described above, they can achieve the function of heat insulation. The gaps generated after the cold shrinkage of each part have little impact on the heat insulation function. At the same time, they can also solve the problems of heat leakage and mechanical strength caused by the large changes in the overall cold shrinkage size.

[0045] For the motor rotor 100 with the third heat insulation layer 143, the third heat insulation layer 143 is also configured as the first heat insulation layer 141 and the second heat insulation layer 142, and the third heat insulation layer 143 is formed by arranging a plurality of third heat insulation parts 1433 along the axial direction.

[0046] Similarly, the rotor core 15 includes a plurality of rotor core portions 152, which are arranged axially to form the rotor core 15.

[0047] The first inner sealing layer 121 includes a plurality of first inner sealing portions 1213, which are arranged axially to form the first inner sealing layer 121. Adjacent first inner sealing portions 1213 are connected by first inner corrugated portions 1214. The first inner sealing layer 121 is integrally formed, or the first inner sealing portions 1213 and the first inner corrugated portions 1214 in the first inner sealing layer 121 are connected by welding, so that the first inner sealing layer 121 forms a complete whole. The first inner corrugated portions 1214 have a certain degree of freedom of expansion and contraction in the axial direction. When the dimensions of the first inner sealing portions 1213 decrease due to cold shrinkage, the first inner corrugated portions 1214 can be stretched to compensate for the amount of cold shrinkage of the first inner sealing portions 1213. By connecting adjacent sealing portions through the first inner corrugated portion 1214, the problem of shrinkage due to temperature changes can be solved, ensuring that the axial dimension of the first inner sealing layer 121 remains essentially unchanged. This is beneficial to the stability of the first inner sealing layer 121 itself, as well as the connection stability between the first inner sealing layer 121 and the adjacent first heat insulation layer 141 and second heat insulation layer 142. At the same time, providing the first inner corrugated portion 1214 between adjacent first inner sealing portions 1213 can also improve the sealing performance of the first inner sealing layer 121, preventing the first cooling medium located therein from leaking at the first inner sealing layer 121 and reducing heat leakage.

[0048] The first outer sealing layer 122, the second inner sealing layer 131, and the second outer sealing layer 132 also adopt a design similar to that of the first inner sealing layer 121. Specifically, the first outer sealing layer 122 includes a plurality of first outer sealing portions 1223 and first outer corrugated portions 1224. The plurality of first outer sealing portions 1223 are arranged axially, and adjacent first outer sealing portions 1223 are connected by the first outer corrugated portions 1224. Similarly, the second inner sealing layer 131 includes a plurality of second inner sealing portions 1313 and second inner corrugated portions 1314. The plurality of second inner sealing portions 1313 are arranged axially, and adjacent second inner sealing portions 1313 are connected by the second inner corrugated portions 1314. The second outer sealing layer 132 includes a plurality of second outer sealing portions 1321 and second outer corrugated portions 1322. The plurality of second outer sealing portions 1321 are arranged axially, and adjacent second outer sealing portions 1321 are connected by the second outer corrugated portions 1322.

[0049] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 5As shown, in the first embodiment of this application, each of the first heat insulation portions 1413 of the first heat insulation layer 141 forms a first heat insulation hole 1414, and each of the second heat insulation portions 1423 of the second heat insulation layer 142 forms a second heat insulation hole 1424. Similarly, each of the first inner sealing portions 1213 of the first inner sealing layer 121 forms a first inner sealing hole 1215, each of the first outer sealing portions 1223 of the first outer sealing layer 122 forms a first outer sealing hole 1225, each of the first inner sealing portions 1213 of the second inner sealing layer 131 forms a second inner sealing hole 1315, and each of the rotor core portions 152 of the rotor core 15 also forms a core fixing hole 153 on its inner side.

[0050] The outer surface of the rotor shaft 11 forms several shaft fixing holes 112 corresponding to the aforementioned fixing channels, and the inner surface of each rotor core portion 152 of the rotor core 15 forms a core fixing hole 153 corresponding to the aforementioned fixing channels. The shaft fixing holes 112 of the rotor shaft 11 are blind holes facing outwards and not penetrating, while the core fixing holes 153 of the rotor core 15 are blind holes facing inwards or through holes.

[0051] In the motor rotor 100, the rotor shaft fixing hole 112 of the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation hole 1414 of the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing hole 1215 of the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing hole 1225 of the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation hole 1424 of the second heat insulation layer 142, the second inner sealing hole 1315 of the second inner sealing layer 131, and the core fixing hole 153 of the rotor core 15 are interconnected to form a fixing channel, and a number of fixed channels are formed in an array in the axial and circumferential directions of the motor rotor 100.

[0052] The motor rotor 100 also includes several fixing posts 17, which are inserted into the fixing channel to fix the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation layer 142, the second inner sealing layer 131 and the rotor core 15 together to form a complete whole, thereby improving the reliability of force and torque transmission between the above components.

[0053] Furthermore, the outer surface of each first heat insulation part 1413 includes a complete first heat insulation protrusion 1412, and the first heat insulation hole 1414 of the first heat insulation part 1413 is configured to penetrate through the center of the first heat insulation protrusion 1412. The area where the first heat insulation protrusion 1412 of the first heat insulation part 1413 is located has a relatively large thickness. Setting the first heat insulation hole 1414 at the first heat insulation protrusion 1412 can minimize the impact on the overall mechanical strength of the first heat insulation part 1413, and at the same time ensure the connection strength and reliability between the fixing post 17 and the first heat insulation part 1413 after the fixing post 17 passes through the first heat insulation hole 1414.

[0054] Similarly, the second heat insulation part 1423, the first inner sealing part 1213, the first outer sealing part 1223, and the second inner sealing part 1313 can also adopt a similar arrangement to the first heat insulation part 1413, with corresponding toothed structures and fixing hole structures. That is, the outer surface of each second heat insulation part 1423, each first inner sealing part 1213, each first outer sealing part 1223, and each second inner sealing part 1313 includes a complete toothed structure, and the fixing hole structure is configured to penetrate the center of the toothed structure.

[0055] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the fixing column 17 in the first embodiment of this application includes an inner cylinder 171, a middle cylinder 172, an outer cylinder 173, and a filling column 174. In the radial direction, the inner cylinder 171, middle cylinder 172, outer cylinder 173, and filling column 174 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, with the lengths of the inner cylinder 171, middle cylinder 172, outer cylinder 173, and filling column 174 increasing sequentially. One end of the middle cylinder 172 is located inside the inner cylinder 171, and the other end of the middle cylinder 172 protrudes from the inner cylinder 171. One end of the outer cylinder 173 is located inside the middle cylinder 172, and the other end of the outer cylinder 173 protrudes from the middle cylinder 172. One end of the filling column 174 is filled inside the outer cylinder 173, and the other end of the filling column 174 protrudes from the outer cylinder 173 and is used to connect to the rotor core 15.

[0056] At least a portion of the inner cylinder 171 is welded and fixed to the first inner sealing layer 121, at least a portion of the middle cylinder 172 is welded and fixed to the first outer sealing layer 122, and at least a portion of the outer cylinder 173 is welded and fixed to the second inner sealing layer 131. Specifically, the outer end of the inner cylinder 171 is welded to the first inner sealing layer 121, the outer end of the middle cylinder 172 is welded to the first outer sealing layer 122, and the outer end of the outer cylinder 173 is welded to the second inner sealing layer 131. More specifically, the sidewall of the inner cylinder 171 is welded to the first inner sealing hole 1215 in the first inner sealing layer 121, the sidewall of the middle cylinder 172 is welded to the first outer sealing hole 1225 in the first outer sealing layer 122, and the sidewall of the outer cylinder 173 is welded to the second inner sealing hole 1315 in the second inner sealing layer 131.

[0057] As an optional implementation, the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172, as well as the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173, can be configured to fit together. This fit between the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172, and between the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173, eliminates gaps between them, increases the strength of the fixing column 17, and enhances the reliability and stability of force and torque transmission between the components after the fixing column 17 is connected.

[0058] As another optional implementation, a certain gap can be configured between the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172, and between the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173. This gap between the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172 increases the thermal resistance between them, preventing heat transfer and reducing heat leakage. Similarly, the gap between the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173 increases the thermal resistance between them, preventing heat transfer and reducing heat leakage. The gaps between the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172, and between the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173, can be further configured to a vacuum state, further increasing the thermal resistance between the inner cylinder 171, the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173, further reducing heat transfer, and further reducing the cold leakage phenomenon between the outer cylinder 173, the middle cylinder 172 and the inner cylinder 171.

[0059] Furthermore, thermal insulation material can be filled into the gaps between the inner cylinder 171 and the middle cylinder 172, and between the middle cylinder 172 and the outer cylinder 173. Filling the gaps between the inner cylinder 171, the middle cylinder 172, and the outer cylinder 173 with thermal insulation material can both eliminate the gaps inside the fixing column 17 and increase the overall strength of the fixing column 17, and also increase the thermal resistance between the outer cylinder 173, the middle cylinder 172, and the inner cylinder 171, reducing heat transfer between them. Even further, the thermal insulation material filled in the aforementioned gaps can be epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, or fiberglass, etc.

[0060] A portion of the filling column 174 is filled inside the outer cylinder 173, and the outer end of the filling column 174 protrudes from the outer cylinder 173. A fixing bolt 175 is also installed on the outer end face of the filling column 174, which can fix the fixing column 174 and the rotor core 15 to each other. The filling column 174 fills the inside of the outer cylinder 173, which can enhance the overall strength of the outer cylinder 173, thereby improving the overall strength of the fixing column 17. At the same time, the fixing bolt 175 at the outer end of the filling column 174 can realize the connection between the fixing column 17 and the rotor core 15 and fix the fixing column 17 in the fixing channel, fixing the rotor shaft 11, the first heat insulation layer 141, the first inner sealing layer 121, the first outer sealing layer 122, the second heat insulation layer 142, the second inner sealing layer 131 and the rotor core 15 together to form a complete whole.

[0061] Furthermore, the filler column 174 is made of thermal insulation material. Using thermal insulation material for the filler column 174 further increases thermal resistance and reduces heat transfer through the fixed column 17. Even further, the thermal insulation material for the filler column 174 can be fiberglass. Fiberglass material possesses both good mechanical properties such as strength, enabling better transmission of force and torque, and good thermal insulation performance.

[0062] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the rotor winding 18 in the first embodiment of this application includes a coil lead 183. One end of the coil lead 183 is connected to the superconducting coil 181, and the coil lead 183 is used to provide power for the operation of the superconducting coil 181. One end of the coil lead 183 needs to be connected to the superconducting coil 181 in the second cryogenic zone, and the other end of the coil lead 183 needs to be connected to components such as a power supply in the room temperature zone. Therefore, there is a large temperature difference between the two ends of the coil lead 183. The coil lead 183 in this application uses a Peltier lead, and the Peltier unit 1832 is used to transfer heat from the cold end to the hot end, reducing heat leakage. The coil lead 183 includes a conductor 1831, a Peltier unit 1832, a room temperature fixing member 1833, a first cryogenic fixing member 1834, and a second cryogenic fixing member 1835. One end of the conductor 1831 passes through the outermost vacuum-sealed container of the motor rotor 100 and connects to components such as the power supply in the normal temperature zone. The other end of the conductor 1831 passes through the second cryogenic container and connects to the superconducting coil 181 in the second cryogenic zone. A Peltier unit 1832 is connected to at least one side of the conductor 1831, and the Peltier unit 1832 connects the normal temperature zone and the second cryogenic zone along the conductor 1831. A normal temperature fixing member 1833 fixes the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832 to the wall of the vacuum-sealed container. A second cryogenic fixing member 1835 fixes the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832 to the wall of the second cryogenic container. A first cryogenic fixing member 1834 fixes the conductor 1831 to the outside of the first end plate 123.

[0063] An array of grooves 1231 is formed on the outer surface of the first end plate 123, and an array of protrusions 1831a is formed on the conductor 1831. The array of protrusions 1831a on the conductor 1831 is adapted to the array of grooves 1231 on the first end plate 123. The first cryogenic fixing member 1834 includes a first cryogenic fixing plate 1834a. The first cryogenic fixing plate 1834a presses the conductor 1831 and fixes the conductor 1831 to the outer surface of the first end plate 123, while embedding the array of protrusions 1831a on the conductor 1831 into the array of grooves 1231 on the outer surface of the first end plate 123.

[0064] In this embodiment, the conductor 1831 in the coil lead 183 is made of a material with high electrical conductivity, such as copper. However, while copper has high electrical conductivity, it also has high thermal conductivity. The two ends of the coil lead 183 are connected to the second low-temperature zone and the room-temperature zone, respectively. The two ends of the coil lead 183 have a large temperature difference, resulting in significant heat leakage. A Peltier lead is constructed using the conductor 1831 and a Peltier unit 1832. The Peltier unit 1832 transfers heat from the cold end to the hot end, reducing heat leakage from the conductor 1831. Simultaneously, the conductor 1831 is tightly attached to the wall of the first low-temperature tank at the middle position of the coil lead 183, that is, the conductor 1831 is tightly attached to the surface of the first end plate 123. This allows the temperature of this part of the conductor 1831 to be close to the temperature in the first low-temperature zone, reducing the temperature difference between this part of the conductor 1831 and the part of the conductor 1831 located in the second low-temperature zone, thereby further reducing the heat leakage on the conductor 1831.

[0065] The ambient temperature fixing component 1833 includes an ambient temperature insulating component 1833a, which provides insulation between the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832 and the vacuum-sealed vessel body. Further, the ambient temperature insulating component 1833a can be a resin insulating component sleeved on the outside of the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832. The second cryogenic fixing component 1835 includes a second cryogenic insulating component 1835a, which provides insulation between the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832 and the second cryogenic vessel body. Further, the second cryogenic insulating component 1835a can be a ceramic insulating component sleeved on the outside of the conductor 1831 and the Peltier unit 1832. The first cryogenic fixing component 1834 includes a first cryogenic insulating component 1834b, which provides insulation between the conductor 1831 and the first end plate 123. Furthermore, the first low-temperature insulating element 1834b may be a thin-film insulating element disposed between the conductor 1831 and the first end plate 123.

[0066] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the electronic rotor 100 in the first embodiment of this application includes a cold medium transfer mechanism 19, which is used to transfer a second cooling medium into the motor rotor 100. The cold medium transfer mechanism 19 includes a rotating transfer component 191 and a stationary transfer component 193.

[0067] At least a portion of the rotary transmission assembly 191 is fixed to the rotor shaft 11, and the rotary transmission assembly 191 rotates together with the rotor shaft 11 during the operation of the superconducting motor. The rotary transmission assembly 191 includes a rotary input cylinder 1911, a rotary inner partition cylinder 1912, a rotary output cylinder 1913, and a rotary outer protective cylinder 1914, all coaxially arranged. The rotary inner partition cylinder 1912 is sleeved on the outside of the rotary input cylinder 1911, the rotary output cylinder 1913 is sleeved on the outside of the rotary inner partition cylinder 1912, and the rotary outer protective cylinder 1914 is sleeved on the outside of the rotary output cylinder 1913. The rotary input cylinder 1911 is coaxially arranged with the rotor shaft 11. A rotary input channel 1915 is formed inside the rotary input cylinder 1911. A rotary output channel 1916 is formed between the rotary output cylinder 1913 and the rotary inner partition cylinder 1912. A rotary inner vacuum layer 1917 is formed between the rotary inner partition cylinder 1912 and the rotary input cylinder 1911. A rotary outer vacuum layer 1918 is formed between the rotary outer protective cylinder 1914 and the rotary output cylinder 1913.

[0068] The rotary transmission assembly 191 also includes several medium input pipes 1919 and several medium output pipes 1921. One end of the medium input pipe 1919 passes through the outer protective cylinder, the output cylinder, the inner partition cylinder and the input cylinder in sequence and is connected to the rotary input channel 1915. The other end of the medium input pipe 1919 is connected to the medium inlet groove 1826 of the coil fixing seat 182. At least a portion of the medium input pipe 1919 is also fixed to the coil fixing seat 182 through the circulation fixing hole 1824a on the bracket fixing plate 1824 in the coil fixing seat 182.

[0069] One end of the medium output pipe 1921 passes through the outer protective cylinder and the output cylinder in sequence and is connected to the rotary output channel 1916. The other end of the medium output pipe 1921 is connected to the medium outlet groove 1827 of the coil fixing seat 182.

[0070] Several rotating support members 1922 are also provided between the rotating inner partition 1912 and the rotating output cylinder 1913. A rotating output channel 1916 is formed between the rotating inner partition 1912 and the rotating output cylinder 1913. In order to output the utilized second cooling medium output from inside the motor rotor 100 from the rotating output channel 1916, the rotating output cylinder 1913 can only be connected to the rotating inner partition 1912 at one end, and the connection between the rotating output cylinder 1913 and the rotating inner partition 1912 is relatively weak. The rotating support members 1922 provided in the rotating output channel without affecting the output of the second cooling medium can enhance the structural strength of the rotating output channel 1916, and also enhance the overall mechanical strength of the rotating transmission assembly 191.

[0071] The rotating inner vacuum layer 1917 can further isolate the heat transfer between the rotating input channel 1915 and the rotating output channel 1916, preventing the second cooling medium in the rotating input channel 1915 from being heated by the second cooling medium in the rotating output channel 1916, thus improving the cooling efficiency of the second cooling medium during operation. The rotating outer vacuum layer 1918 can also isolate the heat transfer between the rotating output channel 1916 and the outside air, preventing the second cooling medium in the rotating output channel 1916 from being heated by the outside air, so that the second cooling medium in the rotating output channel 1916 remains at a low temperature, which can further reduce the heat leakage of the second cooling medium in the rotating input channel 1915.

[0072] The outer end of the rotating inner baffle 1912 is also formed with a rotating guide section 1912a. The rotating guide section 1912a can guide the outflow direction of the second cooling medium in the rotating output channel 1916, increase the flow resistance of the second cooling medium in the gap between the rotating transmission assembly 191 and the stationary transmission assembly 193, and reduce the leakage of the second cooling medium in this part.

[0073] One end of the rotor shaft 11 forms a mounting chamber 113, in which at least a portion of the rotary transmission assembly 191 is located. An input port 1131 and an output port 1132 are formed in the mounting chamber 113. A medium input pipe 1919 in the rotary transmission assembly 191 passes through the input port 1131 and communicates with the coil mounting base 182. A medium output pipe 1921 in the rotary transmission assembly 191 passes through the output port 1132 and communicates with the coil mounting base 182.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only some preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rotor, comprising: Rotor housing, which encloses and forms a receiving space; A rotor shaft, at least a portion of which is located within the receiving space; The rotor core is located within the accommodating space and outside the rotor shaft; A rotor winding, wherein the rotor winding is located within the receiving space and is mounted to the outer side of the rotor core; Its features are: The rotor has three coaxially distributed zones: a normal temperature zone, a first low temperature zone, and a second low temperature zone. The first low temperature zone is located between the normal temperature zone and the second low temperature zone. The temperature of the first low temperature zone is lower than the temperature of the normal temperature zone, and the temperature of the second low temperature zone is lower than the temperature of the first low temperature zone. The rotor shaft is located in the normal temperature zone, and the rotor core and the rotor windings are located in the second low temperature zone. The rotor winding includes a superconducting coil and coil leads. The coil leads include a conductor and a Peltier unit. At least a portion of the Peltier unit is in close contact with the conductor. One end of the conductor is connected to the superconducting coil in the second cryogenic region, and the other end of the conductor passes through the rotor housing to the outside of the rotor.

2. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor also forms a first sealed container and a second sealed container coaxially arranged. A first low-temperature zone is formed inside the first sealed container, and a second low-temperature zone is formed inside the second sealed container. A rotor vacuum layer is formed between the rotor housing and the first and second sealed containers. One end of the Peltier unit is located inside the second sealed container, and the other end of the Peltier unit is located outside the rotor.

3. The rotor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coil lead also includes a room temperature fixing component and a second low temperature fixing component. The conductor and the Peltier unit are fixed to the rotor housing through the room temperature fixing component, and the conductor and the Peltier unit are fixed to the second sealed container through the second low temperature fixing component.

4. The rotor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ambient temperature fixing component includes an ambient temperature insulating component, which is located between the conductor and the rotor housing to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the rotor housing.

5. The rotor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second cryogenic fixing component includes a second cryogenic insulation component, which is located between the conductor and the second sealed container to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the second sealed container.

6. The rotor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coil lead also includes a first cryogenic fixing component, which fixes the conductor and the Peltier unit to the outside of the first end plate of the first sealed container.

7. The rotor according to claim 6, characterized in that: An array of grooves is formed on the outer side of the first end plate, and an array of protrusions is formed on the side of the conductor near the first end plate. The array of protrusions is installed into the array of grooves.

8. The rotor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first low-temperature fixing component includes a first low-temperature insulating component, which is located between the conductor and the first end plate to form an insulating connection between the conductor and the first end plate.

9. The rotor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first cryogenic fixing component includes a first cryogenic fixing plate for fixing the conductor to the first end plate, the first cryogenic fixing plate being disposed on the side of the conductor away from the first end plate.

10. A superconducting motor, characterized in that: The superconducting motor includes a motor stator and a rotor as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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