An electric energy meter electricity abnormality identification method based on an HPLC communication unit

Abstract

This application provides a method for identifying electricity consumption anomalies in electricity meters based on an HPLC communication unit, belonging to the field of electricity consumption anomaly identification technology. The method includes: the HPLC communication unit collecting electricity consumption data from the electricity meter and reporting it to the power distribution manager; when the power distribution manager determines whether electricity consumption data has not been received, it generates a missing marker for the current collection period; after generating the missing marker for the current collection period, it retrieves multiple main carrier frequency point numbers from when the electricity meter successfully reported before the current collection period to determine the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point; it instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and perform supplementary collection from the electricity meter; if no electricity consumption data is received within the supplementary waiting time, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline anomaly during electricity consumption. This method can accurately distinguish between occasional missing electricity consumption data and real offline anomalies of the electricity meter under the influence of frequency selective fading in HPLC power line carrier communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electricity consumption anomaly identification technology, and more specifically, to a method for electricity consumption anomaly identification of an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of smart meters and advanced metering systems, power management can acquire high-resolution, high-frequency electricity consumption data from users. This provides a data foundation for identifying abnormal electricity consumption behaviors (such as electricity theft, equipment failure, and meter errors). At the same time, the development of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and time series analysis makes it possible to automatically learn normal electricity consumption patterns and detect abnormal deviations from massive load curves. In addition, the accurate location of non-technical losses is of great significance for power grid line loss management, electricity bill collection, and power supply security. This has prompted the industry to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data to build efficient and lightweight intelligent electricity consumption diagnostic models, thereby improving the economy and reliability of the power system.

[0003] In existing electricity consumption anomaly identification methods, the system first trains a model using historical electricity consumption data to extract normal electricity consumption behavior patterns of users at different time scales (daily, weekly, seasonal), forming a personalized electricity consumption baseline. Then, by collecting current electricity consumption data in real time, statistical methods, unsupervised learning, or supervised classification algorithms are used to calculate the deviation between the current data and the expected baseline. When the deviation continuously exceeds a preset dynamic threshold, it is determined to be an electricity consumption anomaly, completing the electricity consumption anomaly identification. However, in electricity consumption anomaly identification based on HPLC communication units, there is a significant frequency-selective fading phenomenon during HPLC power line carrier communication. This is due to the random loads connected to the power line. Impedance changes (such as the start-up and shutdown of frequency converters) can cause deep fading of carrier signals at specific frequencies at certain times, forming frequency notches. This leads to a sharp increase in signal attenuation and a surge in communication error rates at that frequency. If the HPLC communication unit happens to be assigned to this "degraded frequency" for data reporting at this time, sporadic single-point communication failures will occur. This can cause the power distribution manager to misjudge the power consumption as abnormal, making it difficult to effectively distinguish between sporadic power consumption data loss and actual offline power meter anomalies. Therefore, how to accurately distinguish between sporadic power consumption data loss and actual offline power meter anomalies under the influence of frequency-selective fading in HPLC power line carrier communication has become a challenge for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in electricity meters based on an HPLC communication unit, which can accurately distinguish between occasional missing electricity consumption data and actual offline abnormalities of electricity meters under the influence of frequency selective fading in HPLC power line carrier communication.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, comprising the following steps: The HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to the first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager. The HPLC communication unit synchronously reports the main carrier frequency point number used for this communication each time it successfully reports. The power distribution manager determines whether the power consumption data has not been received within the first collection period. If so, it generates a missing flag for the current collection period. After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the energy meter retrieves the multiple main carrier frequency point numbers when it successfully reported before the current acquisition period, and determines the environmental adaptive stable frequency point from all the main carrier frequency point numbers. The power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and perform supplementary data collection on the electricity meter. If the electricity consumption data is received within the preset supplementary waiting time, the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter is updated to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. If the electricity consumption data is not received within the supplementary waiting time, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline abnormality during electricity consumption.

[0006] In some embodiments, the HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to a first acquisition cycle, and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager, specifically including: The HPLC communication unit sends a power data reading instruction frame to the power meter according to the first acquisition cycle; The HPLC communication unit receives the response data frame returned by the energy meter based on the energy data reading instruction frame, and parses the electricity consumption data from the response data frame; The HPLC communication unit selects the current main carrier frequency point number from the local carrier frequency points, and sends the application layer message containing the power consumption data to the power distribution manager based on the communication frequency point corresponding to the main carrier frequency point number.

[0007] In some embodiments, the HPLC communication unit assembles an electrical data reading instruction frame according to the DL / T645 communication protocol.

[0008] In some embodiments, the power distribution manager determines whether the electricity consumption data has not been received within the first acquisition period. If so, generating a missing data flag for the current acquisition period specifically includes: The power distribution manager starts a listening timer with a preset time window duration, starting from the beginning of the first acquisition cycle. Before the monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager continuously detects whether it receives the power consumption data reported by the HPLC communication unit; If the monitoring timer times out and the power distribution manager does not receive the electricity consumption data, the power distribution manager generates a missing current collection period flag for the electricity meter.

[0009] In some embodiments, after generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, retrieving the multiple primary carrier frequency point numbers of the electricity meter when it was successfully reported before the current acquisition period specifically includes: After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager uses the start time of the current acquisition period as the query cutoff time. Filter out all successful reporting records whose reporting time is earlier than the query deadline and which belong to the electricity meter; Extract the primary carrier frequency point number corresponding to each record from all the successfully reported records.

[0010] In some embodiments, determining the environment-adaptive stabilization frequency point from all primary carrier frequency point numbers specifically includes: During the quiet period of the distribution area, the power distribution manager controls the HPLC communication unit to send known impedance detection signals sequentially on each main carrier frequency point number in order to obtain the line impedance characteristic parameters corresponding to the energy meter on each main carrier frequency point number. The power distribution manager associates the line impedance characteristic parameters with the meter box affiliation information of the energy meter to construct a frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database. The frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database records the impedance characteristic vector of each meter box on each main carrier frequency point number. After generating the missing marker for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager measures the real-time impedance characteristics of each main carrier frequency point number at the current moment, matches the real-time impedance characteristics with the impedance characteristic vector corresponding to the meter box to which the energy meter belongs in the frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database, and selects the main carrier frequency point number with the smallest impedance characteristic deviation as the environmental adaptive stable frequency point.

[0011] In some embodiments, the power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and performs supplementary data collection from the energy meter, specifically including: The power distribution manager generates a frequency switching instruction frame carrying an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, and sends the frequency switching instruction frame to the HPLC communication unit; The HPLC communication unit parses the environmental adaptive stable frequency point from the frequency point switching instruction frame and switches the current working frequency point to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. The HPLC communication unit sends an energy data reading instruction frame to the energy meter at the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, thereby performing supplementary data acquisition from the energy meter.

[0012] In some embodiments, the HPLC communication unit is deployed on the power distribution manager side.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing code, the processor being configured to acquire the code and execute the above-described method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption of an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit.

[0015] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments disclosed in this application have the following beneficial effects: The electricity consumption anomaly identification method based on an HPLC communication unit provided in this application firstly collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to a first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager. The HPLC communication unit simultaneously reports the primary carrier frequency point number used in this communication each time a successful report is made. Secondly, the power distribution manager determines whether the electricity consumption data has not been received within the first acquisition cycle. If so, a missing marker for the current acquisition cycle is generated. Then, after generating the missing marker, multiple primary carrier frequency point numbers from previous successful reports by the electricity meter are retrieved, and an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point is determined from all primary carrier frequency point numbers. Finally, the power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and perform supplementary acquisition of the electricity meter. If the electricity consumption data is received within a preset supplementary waiting time, the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter is updated to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. If the electricity consumption data is still not received within the supplementary waiting time, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline anomaly during electricity consumption.

[0016] Therefore, this application can accurately distinguish between occasional missing electricity consumption data and actual offline anomalies of electricity meters under the influence of frequency-selective fading in HPLC power line carrier communication. First, by synchronously reporting the main carrier frequency point number with each successful report by the HPLC communication unit, a traceable historical correlation is established between the communication channel status and the acquisition event, providing a fine-grained frequency-level data foundation for subsequent anomaly analysis. Second, by determining whether electricity consumption data was not received in the first acquisition cycle within a preset time window through the power distribution manager and generating a missing data flag for the current acquisition cycle, occasional communication timeouts are transformed into machine-readable structured anomaly events, providing clear triggering conditions for subsequent automatic recovery processes. Then, after generating the missing data flag, historically successfully reported frequency points are retrieved, and an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point is determined. This frequency point, combining real-time impedance characteristics with the matching results of the historical benchmark fingerprint database, reflects the degree of proximity between the current physical state of the line and its normal state, thereby ensuring accurate communication. After an interruption occurs, a recovery channel least affected by the fault is selected, overcoming the limitation of relying solely on historical usage frequency statistics, which cannot perceive environmental changes before and after the fault. Finally, the power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to an environmentally adaptive and stable frequency point for supplementary acquisition. If power consumption data is received within the supplementary waiting time, the preferred frequency point record is updated; otherwise, an offline anomaly is determined. This closed-loop mechanism distinguishes between carrier frequency interference and physical faults on the meter box side through secondary confirmation. This avoids the problem of misjudging occasional interference as equipment offline due to a single missing acquisition, and it can persist the current optimal frequency point after confirmation of recovery, enabling the system to have continuous adaptive capability to environmental changes in subsequent routine acquisitions. Overall, it improves the accuracy of power meter power consumption anomaly determination and the degree of automation of communication recovery. In summary, the technical solution provided in this application can accurately distinguish between occasional missing power consumption data and real power meter offline anomalies under the influence of frequency selective fading in HPLC power line carrier communication. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an exemplary flowchart of a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, according to some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating the determination of missing markers in the current acquisition period according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device that implements a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] refer to Figure 1 The figure is an exemplary flowchart of a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, according to some embodiments of this application. The figure mainly includes the following steps: In step S101, the HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to the first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager. The HPLC communication unit synchronously reports the main carrier frequency point number used for this communication each time it successfully reports.

[0020] It should be noted that the HPLC communication unit in this application is a communication module based on high-speed power line carrier technology. The HPLC communication unit is deployed on the power distribution manager side. The HPLC communication unit uses the existing low-voltage power line as the transmission medium to realize high-speed bidirectional data transmission. The HPLC communication unit can modulate the communication signal onto multiple subcarriers and send them in parallel, thereby maintaining a stable communication link in a complex power grid noise environment. In the electricity information acquisition system, the HPLC communication unit is responsible for reading the electricity meter's power, voltage, current and other data according to the set acquisition cycle, and dynamically selecting the optimal main carrier frequency point, and reporting the encapsulated data frame to the power distribution manager through the power line.

[0021] It should also be noted that the power distribution manager in this application is a management entity deployed at the power distribution network master station. It is responsible for the centralized scheduling and status monitoring of multiple HPLC communication units and electricity meters connected to the transformer area. The power distribution manager can continuously monitor the power consumption data reported by each HPLC communication unit and maintain the optimal frequency point record for each electricity meter in order to optimize the subsequent communication reliability.

[0022] In some embodiments, the HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to a first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager using the following steps: The HPLC communication unit sends a power data reading instruction frame to the power meter according to the first acquisition cycle; The HPLC communication unit receives the response data frame returned by the energy meter based on the energy data reading instruction frame, and parses the electricity consumption data from the response data frame; The HPLC communication unit selects the current main carrier frequency point number from the local carrier frequency points, and sends the application layer message containing the power consumption data to the power distribution manager based on the communication frequency point corresponding to the main carrier frequency point number.

[0023] It should be noted that the first acquisition cycle is a fixed time interval pre-configured and fixed in the HPLC communication unit and the power distribution manager. It is the reference time unit for the HPLC communication unit to carry out regular electricity consumption data acquisition, periodic data reporting, and synchronous reporting of the main carrier frequency point number of this communication for the corresponding electricity meter. This cycle is a standardized duration for routine inspection and acquisition of electricity consumption data of electricity meters under the low-voltage carrier communication scenario of the power grid. It is used to limit the trigger interval of each time the HPLC communication unit starts the electricity consumption data acquisition task, and also serves as the basis for the power distribution manager to determine whether the electricity consumption data of the electricity meter is received normally within the corresponding cycle, and thus generate the time judgment basis for the missing acquisition cycle mark. Moreover, the duration of the first acquisition cycle is fixed and the cycle triggering rules are uniform, ensuring that all electricity meters in the network complete the periodic data acquisition and reporting interaction according to the same time rhythm.

[0024] In practice, firstly, after the data acquisition task is initiated, the HPLC communication unit assembles an energy data read instruction frame according to the DL / T645 communication protocol. This energy data read instruction frame is a hexadecimal request message containing the energy meter address, control code, and data identifier. This frame is then modulated onto the current operating main carrier frequency and transmitted via the power line carrier physical layer. Upon receiving the instruction frame, the energy meter parses the data identifier and reads the corresponding energy consumption data from the registers of its internal metering chip. This energy consumption data refers to the accumulated positive active energy, reverse active energy, voltage, current, and other electrical parameter values ​​recorded by the energy meter. The meter then assembles a response data frame according to the same protocol. This response data frame is a response message containing the energy meter address, control code, data length, and data content, which is transmitted back to the HPLC communication unit via the power line. Finally, the MAC layer of the HPLC communication unit receives the response data frame. Next, the integrity of the data is confirmed by CRC check. Then, the specific value of the power consumption data is parsed from the application layer data unit of the response data frame according to the byte offset. For example, 4 bytes are taken from the 8th byte offset as the total positive active power value, and then the power consumption data is obtained. Finally, the HPLC communication unit queries the currently active main carrier frequency point number in the locally maintained carrier frequency point list. The main carrier frequency point number refers to the index number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier group currently selected in the HPLC chip's working frequency band. Based on the main carrier frequency point number, the radio frequency local oscillator frequency is set, and the power consumption data is encapsulated into an application layer message. The application layer message refers to a complete data frame that conforms to the State Grid standard format and includes the source address, destination address, application layer data unit, and check bit. It is sent to the power distribution manager through the corresponding communication frequency point using the power line as the carrier, completing a complete power consumption data acquisition and reporting process.

[0025] It should be noted that the HPLC communication unit synchronously reports the primary carrier frequency point number used in this communication each time it successfully reports. Specifically, each time the HPLC communication unit successfully reports power consumption data, it fills the index number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier group actually called in this communication into the reserved field of the application layer data unit in the assembled application layer message. This reserved field refers to the extended data field specially opened in the protocol frame structure for carrying network operation status parameters.

[0026] In step S102, the power distribution manager determines whether the power consumption data has not been received within the first acquisition cycle. If so, a missing data flag for the current acquisition cycle is generated.

[0027] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this is an exemplary flowchart of determining the missing flag for the current acquisition period according to some embodiments of this application. In this embodiment, the power distribution manager determines whether the power consumption data has not been received in the first acquisition period. If so, the generation of the missing flag for the current acquisition period can be achieved by the following steps: In step S1021, the power distribution manager starts a listening timer with a preset time window duration, starting from the beginning time of the first acquisition cycle. In step S1022, before the monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager continuously detects whether it receives the power consumption data reported by the HPLC communication unit; In step S1023, if the monitoring timer times out and the power distribution manager does not receive the electricity consumption data, the power distribution manager generates a current collection cycle missing flag for the electricity meter.

[0028] In practice, the power distribution manager first reads the start time of the current first collection cycle of the power meter. The start time is the reference time point at which the current collection should occur, calculated by adding the successful collection time of the previous cycle to the duration of the first collection cycle. For example, if the successful collection time of the last cycle is "10:00:00" and the first collection cycle is 15 minutes, then the start time is "10:15:00". Using the start time as the zero point of timing, the power distribution manager starts a software listening timer in memory. This listening timer is a counter register driven by the system clock interrupt. Its timeout duration is preset to a tolerable delay limit based on the start time, which is a preset time window. This preset time window is the allowable delay duration set according to the size of the transformer area and the maximum retransmission delay of HPLC communication, for example, 30 seconds. During the process of the listening timer decrementing, the power distribution manager detects whether a new application layer message has arrived from the HPLC communication unit to which the energy meter belongs. This application layer message is a formatted data frame that encapsulates electricity consumption data and whose source address field can uniquely correspond to the energy meter. If the count value of the listening timer reaches zero and a timeout interrupt is generated, and the receive flag bit corresponding to the energy meter is still not set when the interrupt is triggered, the power distribution manager writes the current acquisition cycle status word of the energy meter into a missing flag value.

[0029] It should be noted that the current acquisition cycle missing flag in this application refers to the status enumeration constant used to identify the failure to successfully receive electricity consumption data within the current acquisition cycle. The current acquisition cycle missing flag is a clear record of the abnormal event that the power distribution manager fails to receive electricity consumption data as scheduled within an acquisition cycle. The current acquisition cycle missing flag is used as the triggering condition for a series of subsequent anomaly detection and self-healing processes.

[0030] In step S103, after generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the multiple primary carrier frequency point numbers of the electricity meter when it successfully reported before the current acquisition period are retrieved, and the environmental adaptive stable frequency point is determined from all the primary carrier frequency point numbers.

[0031] In some embodiments, after generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, retrieving the multiple primary carrier frequency point numbers when the energy meter successfully reported before the current acquisition period is achieved using the following steps: After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager uses the start time of the current acquisition period as the query cutoff time. Filter out all successful reporting records whose reporting time is earlier than the query deadline and which belong to the electricity meter; Extract the primary carrier frequency point number corresponding to each record from all the successfully reported records.

[0032] In specific implementation, firstly, after generating the missing flag for the current acquisition cycle, the power distribution manager uses the start time of the current acquisition cycle as the query cutoff time. The start time refers to the reference time point at which the current acquisition should occur, calculated by adding the successful acquisition time of the previous cycle to the duration of the first acquisition cycle. Secondly, the power distribution manager filters the historical communication record table stored in the local relational database. The historical communication record table is a two-dimensional data table that uses the energy meter identifier as one of the primary keys and records the occurrence time of each reporting event, the reporting result status, and the primary carrier frequency point number used. The manager filters out all successful reporting records that were successfully completed by the energy meter before the query cutoff time from the historical communication record table. These successful reporting records refer to communication event records marked as successful in the reporting status field and have been confirmed to have received complete electricity consumption data. Finally, the power distribution manager traverses all successful reporting records and extracts the corresponding primary carrier frequency point number from the successful reporting records through field indexes.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this application, the main carrier frequency point number refers to the index number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier group used by the HPLC communication unit during the successful report and reported synchronously with the application layer message. The main carrier frequency point number can provide the HPLC communication unit with a physical layer communication frequency band agreed upon by both the sender and receiver, so as to avoid the frequency bands with concentrated grid noise and use the frequency band with better channel quality to complete data modulation and demodulation transmission. At the system operation level, this number is continuously accumulated and stored as a key attribute of each successful report record. This allows the most stable communication frequency point in the history of the electricity meter's communication link to be identified in reverse based on the usage frequency statistics of the main carrier frequency point number before the disturbance occurred after the data loss of the acquisition cycle. This provides a basis for subsequently locking the communication recovery path and determining the anomaly type.

[0034] In some embodiments, determining the environment-adaptive stabilization frequency point from all primary carrier frequency point numbers is achieved through the following steps: During the quiet period of the distribution area, the power distribution manager controls the HPLC communication unit to send known impedance detection signals sequentially on each main carrier frequency point number in order to obtain the line impedance characteristic parameters corresponding to the energy meter on each main carrier frequency point number. The power distribution manager associates the line impedance characteristic parameters with the meter box affiliation information of the energy meter to construct a frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database. The frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database records the impedance characteristic vector of each meter box on each main carrier frequency point number. After generating the missing marker for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager measures the real-time impedance characteristics of each main carrier frequency point number at the current moment, matches the real-time impedance characteristics with the impedance characteristic vector corresponding to the meter box to which the energy meter belongs in the frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database, and selects the main carrier frequency point number with the smallest impedance characteristic deviation as the environmental adaptive stable frequency point.

[0035] In practice, firstly, the power distribution manager broadcasts a silence command to the HPLC communication units, causing each HPLC communication unit to suspend routine power data acquisition and enter a quiet period for the distribution area. This quiet period is a fixed duration preset by the power distribution manager, during which there are no sudden interference loads on the power lines and the background noise is relatively stable. The quiet period is automatically executed by the power distribution manager during a preset low-load window each day. After the silence takes effect, the power distribution manager retrieves the main carrier frequency point number one by one from the locally maintained carrier frequency point list. For each main carrier frequency point number, it assembles an impedance detection signal carrying that frequency point number and a known detection sequence. This impedance detection signal is a voltage waveform with a fixed amplitude and pseudo-random sequence characteristics, pre-agreed by both the transmitting and receiving ends. For example, it could be a pseudo-random code with a maximum length sequence of a preset number of bits. This signal is sent by the power distribution manager to the designated HPLC communication unit and transmitted on the frequency point corresponding to the designated main carrier frequency point number. While the HPLC communication unit transmits the known detection sequence on the designated frequency point, the power distribution manager... The voltage and current sampling circuit synchronously acquires the voltage and current vectors of the transmitting and receiving ends, and uses Ohm's law to calculate the line impedance characteristic parameters at that frequency point to obtain the line impedance characteristic parameters corresponding to the energy meter at each main carrier frequency point number. The line impedance characteristic parameters are complex values ​​containing impedance amplitude and impedance phase angle, representing the impedance characteristics of the power line path from the concentrator to the energy meter at that main carrier frequency point number. Then, the distribution manager associates the line impedance characteristic parameters with the meter box ownership information of the energy meter pre-stored in the transformer area asset ledger. The meter box ownership information refers to the meter file data that records the box-meter correspondence of the physical installation location of the energy meter. For example, an energy meter belongs to "Distribution Box No. 3". The meter box ownership information is used as the primary key, each main carrier frequency point number is used as the column dimension, and the corresponding impedance amplitude and phase constitute a two-dimensional impedance characteristic vector as the value. This data is stored in the frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database in memory. The frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database is a multi-dimensional parameter matrix that uses the meter box as the index and stores the reference impedance characteristic vector of each meter box at all main carrier frequencies.Finally, after generating the missing marker for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager again sends the same known detection sequence sequentially on each main carrier frequency point number within the distribution area to measure the real-time impedance characteristics on each main carrier frequency point number. This real-time impedance characteristic refers to the impedance amplitude and phase angle values ​​measured at the current moment after the fault occurs, which are the same as those of the structure in the fingerprint database. A vector similarity calculation function is then called to calculate the cosine similarity between this real-time impedance characteristic and the impedance characteristic vector corresponding to the meter box in the frequency-meter box impedance fingerprint database. This cosine similarity is used as the impedance characteristic deviation. The impedance characteristic deviation is the quantified difference between the real-time measured impedance characteristic vector and the reference impedance characteristic vector corresponding to the meter box in the frequency-meter box impedance fingerprint database. This deviation characterizes the degree of deviation of the physical transmission characteristics of the power line path from the power distribution manager to the target meter from the historical normal state at a given main carrier frequency point at the current moment. All main carrier frequency point numbers are traversed, and the main carrier frequency point number with the smallest impedance characteristic deviation is selected as the environmental adaptive stable frequency point.

[0036] It should be noted that the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point in this application is used to characterize the communication channel least affected by the current disturbance environment among all available carrier frequencies between the current power distribution manager and the target energy meter. When the energy meter experiences a communication interruption, the impedance characteristics of some frequencies may significantly shift due to partial disconnection, changes in contact impedance, or the addition of parallel interference loads. The physical path corresponding to the frequency point that still maintains a high degree of similarity with the fingerprint database has higher integrity and is more likely to bypass the fault section or noise concentration area. Therefore, determining the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point can provide a recovery path that combines real-time environmental perception and historical benchmark reference for supplementary acquisition, enabling the communication recovery strategy to adapt to the topology and channel changes before and after the fault, thereby improving the success rate of supplementary acquisition and the accuracy of anomaly detection.

[0037] In step S104, the power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and perform supplementary data collection on the electricity meter. If the electricity consumption data is received within the preset supplementary waiting time, the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter is updated to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. If the electricity consumption data is not received within the supplementary waiting time, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline abnormality during electricity consumption.

[0038] In some embodiments, the power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and performs supplementary data acquisition from the energy meter using the following steps: The power distribution manager generates a frequency switching instruction frame carrying an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, and sends the frequency switching instruction frame to the HPLC communication unit; The HPLC communication unit parses the environmental adaptive stable frequency point from the frequency point switching instruction frame and switches the current working frequency point to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. The HPLC communication unit sends an energy data reading instruction frame to the energy meter at the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, thereby performing supplementary data acquisition from the energy meter.

[0039] In specific implementation, firstly, after determining the environmental adaptive stable frequency point, the power distribution manager calls the protocol group frame function to generate a frequency point switching instruction frame. This frequency point switching instruction frame refers to an application layer message identified as a network management command in the frame control word and carrying a target frequency point number in the application layer data unit. The target frequency point number field is filled with the value of the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. The power distribution manager sends the frequency point switching instruction frame to the HPLC communication unit via the Ethernet interface. Then, after receiving and verifying the message, the MAC layer of the HPLC communication unit reads the value of the environmental adaptive stable frequency point field from the application layer data unit of the frequency point switching instruction frame according to the byte offset defined in the protocol, configures the local oscillator frequency register to the center frequency value corresponding to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point, and completes the physical layer switch from the current operating frequency point to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. Finally, after the switch is completed, the HPLC communication unit operates at the environmental adaptive stable frequency point according to DL / T... The 645 protocol reassembles the power data reading instruction frame. The power data reading instruction frame refers to a hexadecimal request message containing the address of the power meter, the control code, and the data identifier that needs to be supplemented, such as reading the total positive active power at the time of supplementation. It is sent to the power meter through the power line carrier physical layer on the environmental adaptive stable frequency point to perform supplementary data collection on the power meter.

[0040] It should be noted that after generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager in this application can only determine that the energy meter has not completed data reporting within the preset time window, but cannot directly determine whether the missing event is caused by a permanent line fault or a momentary communication failure caused by sudden noise interference. Therefore, the supplementary acquisition is initiated by switching the HPLC communication unit to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, that is, the carrier frequency point whose impedance characteristics are closest to the historical normal benchmark under the current line state. After eliminating the channel degradation factors that may exist in the original frequency point, the power consumption data of the energy meter is re-attempted. If the supplementary acquisition is successful, it indicates that the original acquisition missing is only an occasional abnormality caused by the interference of the main carrier frequency point. The system updates the preferred frequency point record accordingly to avoid the recurrence of the same type of interruption. If the supplementary acquisition still fails, there is sufficient basis to upgrade the event to determine that the energy meter is suspected of being offline.

[0041] In some embodiments, if the electricity consumption data is received within a preset supplementary waiting period, the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter is updated to an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. If the electricity consumption data is still not received within the supplementary waiting period, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline anomaly during electricity consumption, which is achieved through the following steps: The power distribution manager starts a supplementary listening timer with a preset supplementary waiting time from the moment the frequency switching instruction frame is issued; Before the supplementary monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager continuously detects whether it receives the power consumption data reported by the HPLC communication unit; If the power distribution manager receives the electricity consumption data before the supplementary monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager updates the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. If the supplementary monitoring timer times out and the power distribution manager does not receive the electricity consumption data, the power distribution manager determines that the electricity meter has experienced an offline anomaly during electricity consumption.

[0042] In specific implementation, firstly, at the moment the frequency switching command frame is successfully issued, the timestamp of that moment is read from the system real-time clock and recorded as the supplementary acquisition start time. This supplementary acquisition start time refers to the reference time point after the frequency switching command frame is sent to the power line via the HPLC carrier module and the power distribution manager starts timing to wait for the supplementary acquisition results. The power distribution manager creates a supplementary listening timer in memory based on this supplementary acquisition start time and starts the supplementary listening timer with a preset supplementary waiting time. This supplementary listening timer is a counter register driven by the system clock interrupt, and its timeout duration is set to the preset supplementary waiting time. This supplementary waiting time is a tolerable waiting time predetermined based on the area size, the maximum number of HPLC communication retransmissions, and the expected round-trip delay on the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. Furthermore, it can be set according to actual needs, which is not limited here. Secondly, in the... Before the supplementary monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager continuously checks whether it receives the electricity consumption data reported by the HPLC communication unit. Then, if the power distribution manager successfully receives the electricity consumption data corresponding to the electricity meter and confirms its integrity through CRC verification before the supplementary monitoring timer count reaches zero and generates a timeout interrupt, the power distribution manager immediately calls the database update interface and replaces the preferred frequency number field value in the locally maintained preferred frequency point record table of the electricity meter with the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. The preferred frequency point record refers to the field value stored in the power distribution manager database used to identify the carrier frequency point index that is preferentially selected for the next routine acquisition of the electricity meter. Finally, if the supplementary monitoring timer count reaches zero and generates a timeout interrupt, and the receive flag check result of the electricity meter is still not set when the interrupt is triggered, the power distribution manager updates the operating status field of the electricity meter to offline abnormal.

[0043] It should be noted that in this application, "offline anomaly" refers to the abnormal state judgment result in which the electricity meter fails to establish communication even after the main carrier frequency point is missed during the power consumption process and the data is supplemented by switching to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. It indicates that there is a communication interruption between the electricity meter and the HPLC communication link that cannot be restored even after excluding carrier frequency interference factors during the current time period. This means that the cause of the interruption is more likely to be a continuous anomaly such as power failure on the electricity meter side, hardware failure of the HPLC communication unit, or physical disconnection of the power line, rather than occasional carrier interference caused by power grid noise fluctuations.

[0044] In some embodiments, determining the preferred frequency point record of the energy meter is achieved through the following steps: When the HPLC communication unit joins the network, the power distribution manager sends a frequency point scanning command to the HPLC communication unit. The power distribution manager receives the channel quality evaluation parameters for each candidate frequency point returned by the HPLC communication unit according to the frequency point scanning command; The candidate frequency point with the optimal channel quality evaluation parameters is selected as the preferred frequency point record for the energy meter.

[0045] In specific implementation, firstly, after detecting that the HPLC communication unit has completed network access authentication and established a network layer connection, the power distribution manager generates a frequency point scanning command frame based on this network access event and sends a frequency point scanning command to the HPLC communication unit. The frequency point scanning command frame refers to an application layer message whose frame control word is identified as a network management command and whose application layer data unit carries a list of frequencies to be scanned. The list of frequencies to be scanned refers to an ordered set of all available primary carrier frequency point numbers pre-configured in the distribution area. Then, the power distribution manager receives the command from the HPLC communication unit based on... The channel quality assessment parameters returned by the frequency scanning command for each candidate frequency point are tuples containing a received signal strength indication (RSI) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The RSI characterizes the absolute power level of the signal at that frequency point, and the SNR characterizes the ratio of the effective signal power to the background noise power at that frequency point. Finally, the candidate frequency point with the highest SNR and the highest RSI when the SNRs are equal is selected as the optimal candidate frequency point, and the candidate frequency point with the optimal channel quality assessment parameters is recorded as the preferred frequency point of the energy meter.

[0046] It should be noted that the preferred frequency point record in this application refers to a persistent field maintained by the power distribution manager for each electricity meter in the local database. It stores a primary carrier frequency point number value. When the electricity meter is connected to the network, the optimal frequency point is selected from all candidate frequency points through frequency point scanning and channel quality assessment as the initial value. In subsequent operation, when a missing acquisition period occurs and the supplementary acquisition is successful, it is updated to a stable frequency point or an environment-adaptive stable frequency point.

[0047] In addition, this application also provides a computer device, the computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing code, the processor being configured to acquire the code and execute the above-described method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption of an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit.

[0048] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device implementing a method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, according to some embodiments of this application. The method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit in the above embodiments can... Figure 3 The computer device shown is used to implement this, and the computer device includes at least one processor 301, a communication bus 302, a memory 303, and at least one communication interface 304.

[0049] The processor 301 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more devices used to control the execution of the electricity meter anomaly identification method based on the HPLC communication unit in this application.

[0050] The communication bus 302 can be used to transmit information between the aforementioned components.

[0051] The memory 303 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disks or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory 303 may exist independently and be connected to the processor 301 via the communication bus 302. The memory 303 may also be integrated with the processor 301.

[0052] The memory 303 stores program code for executing the scheme of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 301. The processor 301 executes the program code stored in the memory 303. The program code may include one or more software modules. In the above embodiments, the determination of the electricity meter anomaly identification method based on the HPLC communication unit can be implemented by the processor 301 and one or more software modules in the program code in the memory 303.

[0053] Communication interface 304 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc.

[0054] In a specific implementation, as one example, a computer device may include multiple processors, each of which may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. Here, a processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0055] The aforementioned computer device can be a general-purpose computer device or a special-purpose computer device. In specific implementations, the computer device can be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a handheld digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal device, a communication device, or an embedded device. This application does not limit the type of computer device.

[0056] In addition, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit.

[0057] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0058] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption in an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to the first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager. The HPLC communication unit synchronously reports the main carrier frequency point number used for this communication each time it successfully reports. The power distribution manager determines whether the power consumption data has not been received within the first collection period. If so, it generates a missing flag for the current collection period. After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the energy meter retrieves the multiple main carrier frequency point numbers when it successfully reported before the current acquisition period, and determines the environmental adaptive stable frequency point from all the main carrier frequency point numbers. The power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and perform supplementary data collection on the electricity meter. If the electricity consumption data is received within the preset supplementary waiting time, the preferred frequency point record of the electricity meter is updated to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point. If the electricity consumption data is not received within the supplementary waiting time, it is determined that the electricity meter has experienced an offline abnormality during electricity consumption.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication unit collects electricity consumption data from the electricity meter according to the first acquisition cycle and reports the electricity consumption data to the power distribution manager. Specifically, the electricity consumption data includes: The HPLC communication unit sends a power data reading instruction frame to the power meter according to the first acquisition cycle; The HPLC communication unit receives the response data frame returned by the energy meter based on the energy data reading instruction frame, and parses the electricity consumption data from the response data frame; The HPLC communication unit selects the current main carrier frequency point number from the local carrier frequency points, and sends the application layer message containing the power consumption data to the power distribution manager based on the communication frequency point corresponding to the main carrier frequency point number.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The HPLC communication unit assembles the power data reading instruction frame according to the DL / T645 communication protocol.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution manager determines whether the power consumption data has not been received within the first acquisition period. If so, it generates a missing flag for the current acquisition period, specifically including: The power distribution manager starts a listening timer with a preset time window duration, starting from the beginning of the first acquisition cycle. Before the monitoring timer expires, the power distribution manager continuously detects whether it receives the power consumption data reported by the HPLC communication unit; If the monitoring timer times out and the power distribution manager does not receive the electricity consumption data, the power distribution manager generates a missing current collection period flag for the electricity meter.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the retrieval of multiple primary carrier frequency point numbers from when the energy meter successfully reported before the current acquisition period specifically includes: After generating the missing flag for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager uses the start time of the current acquisition period as the query cutoff time. Filter out all successful reporting records whose reporting time is earlier than the query deadline and which belong to the electricity meter; Extract the primary carrier frequency point number corresponding to each record from all the successfully reported records.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmentally adaptive stable frequency points identified from all primary carrier frequency point numbers specifically include: During the quiet period of the distribution area, the power distribution manager controls the HPLC communication unit to send known impedance detection signals sequentially on each main carrier frequency point number in order to obtain the line impedance characteristic parameters corresponding to the energy meter on each main carrier frequency point number. The power distribution manager associates the line impedance characteristic parameters with the meter box affiliation information of the energy meter to construct a frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database. The frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database records the impedance characteristic vector of each meter box on each main carrier frequency point number. After generating the missing marker for the current acquisition period, the power distribution manager measures the real-time impedance characteristics of each main carrier frequency point number at the current moment, matches the real-time impedance characteristics with the impedance characteristic vector corresponding to the meter box to which the energy meter belongs in the frequency point-meter box impedance fingerprint database, and selects the main carrier frequency point number with the smallest impedance characteristic deviation as the environmental adaptive stable frequency point.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution manager instructs the HPLC communication unit to switch to the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point and performs supplementary data collection from the energy meter, specifically including: The power distribution manager generates a frequency switching instruction frame carrying an environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, and sends the frequency switching instruction frame to the HPLC communication unit; The HPLC communication unit parses the environmental adaptive stable frequency point from the frequency point switching instruction frame and switches the current working frequency point to the environmental adaptive stable frequency point. The HPLC communication unit sends an energy data reading instruction frame to the energy meter at the environmentally adaptive stable frequency point, thereby performing supplementary data acquisition from the energy meter.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The HPLC communication unit is deployed on the power distribution manager side.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing code, and the processor being configured to acquire the code and execute the electricity meter anomaly identification method based on an HPLC communication unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for identifying abnormal electricity consumption of an energy meter based on an HPLC communication unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

Images