Method and apparatus for wireless communication

Abstract

This application provides a wireless communication method and apparatus that can improve the data transmission performance of a zero-power device. The wireless communication method includes: the zero-power device transmitting a first signal; wherein the first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, the at least one encoding including a first code, the first code being used by a receiving end to correct errors occurring in the first signal during transmission.

Description

[0001] Case Analysis This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application No. 202380093182.9, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Wireless Communication", which entered the Chinese national phase of PCT international patent application PCT / CN2023 / 076135, filed on February 15, 2023. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for wireless communication. Background Technology

[0003] Zero-power devices are low in complexity and cost, requiring no maintenance or batteries, and can support energy harvesting and / or backscatter communication, enabling high-density and large-scale deployment at a relatively low cost. However, the data transmission performance of current zero-power devices is poor, and improving this performance remains a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a wireless communication method and apparatus that can improve the data transmission performance of zero-power devices.

[0005] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, the method comprising: The zero-power device sends the first signal; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the receiving end to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

[0006] Secondly, a wireless communication method is provided, the method comprising: The communication device receives the first signal sent by the zero-power device; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the communication device to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

[0007] Thirdly, a zero-power device is provided for performing the method described in the first aspect above.

[0008] Specifically, the zero-power device includes a functional module for performing the method in the first aspect described above.

[0009] Fourthly, a communication device is provided for performing the method described in the second aspect above.

[0010] Specifically, the communication device includes a functional module for performing the method described in the second aspect above.

[0011] Fifthly, a zero-power device is provided, including a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, causing the zero-power device to perform the method in the first aspect described above.

[0012] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory, causing the communication device to perform the method in the second aspect described above.

[0013] In a seventh aspect, an apparatus is provided for implementing the method in any one of the first to second aspects described above.

[0014] Specifically, the device includes a processor for retrieving and running a computer program from a memory, causing a device equipped with the device to perform the method described in any of the first to second aspects above.

[0015] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform the methods of any one of the first to second aspects described above.

[0016] Ninthly, a computer program product is provided, including computer program instructions that cause a computer to perform the methods of any one of the first to second aspects described above.

[0017] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods of any one of the first to second aspects described above.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the first signal sent by the zero-power device has undergone at least the first encoding process, and the receiving end can correct the errors that occur in the transmission process of the first signal based on the first encoding, thereby improving the data transmission performance of the zero-power device. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture used in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication method provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication method provided in this application.

[0022] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting method provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a circuit schematic diagram of a resistive load modulation provided in this application.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a reverse non-return-to-zero encoding provided in this application.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a unipolar return-to-zero encoding provided in this application.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a Manchester encoding method provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a Miller encoding method provided in this application.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a differential biphase code provided in this application.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a differential code provided in this application.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of data 0, data 1, SOF and EOF in a pulse interval encoding provided in this application.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a biphase spatial coding (FM0) provided in this application.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of FM0 symbols and FM0 symbol sequences in a biphase space coding (FM0) provided in this application.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating signal transmission of a zero-power device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the data bit punching positions of a plurality of zero-power devices according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 18 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during data bit puncturing, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 19This is a schematic diagram illustrating the selection of data bits for multiple zero-power devices according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 20 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during data bit selection according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 21 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during modulation symbol punching, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 22 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during modulation symbol selection, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the time-domain resource punch location of a zero-power device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the time-domain resource punch location of another zero-power device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 25 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during time-domain resource puncturing, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of time-domain resource selection for a zero-power device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of time-domain resource selection for another zero-power device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 28 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the transmission of a first signal during time-domain resource selection, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 29 This is a schematic block diagram of a zero-power device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 30 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 31 This is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 32 This is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 33This is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort regarding the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, New Radio (NR) system, evolution of NR system, LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and Internet of Things (IoT). Things (IoT), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 5th Generation (5G) systems, 6th Generation (6G) systems, or other communication systems.

[0054] Traditional communication systems typically support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems will not only support traditional communication but also, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, sidelink (SL) communication, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0055] In some embodiments, the communication system in this application can be applied to carrier aggregation (CA) scenarios, dual connectivity (DC) scenarios, standalone (SA) network deployment scenarios, or non-standalone (NSA) network deployment scenarios.

[0056] In some embodiments, the communication system in this application can be applied to unlicensed spectrum, wherein unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as shared spectrum; or, the communication system in this application can also be applied to licensed spectrum, wherein licensed spectrum can also be considered as non-shared spectrum.

[0057] In some embodiments, the communication system in this application can be applied to the FR1 band (corresponding to a band range of 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz), the FR2 band (corresponding to a band range of 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), or new bands such as high-frequency bands corresponding to a band range of 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz or a band range of 71 GHz to 114.25 GHz.

[0058] This application describes various embodiments in conjunction with network devices and terminal devices. The terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device, etc.

[0059] Terminal devices can be stations (STs) in WLANs, cellular phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices, handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in next-generation communication systems such as NR networks, or terminal devices in future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, etc.

[0060] In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on water (such as ships); and it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites).

[0061] In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical care, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, a wireless terminal device in a smart home, an in-vehicle communication device, a wireless communication chip / application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) / system-on-chip (SoC), etc.

[0062] By way of example and not limitation, in this embodiment, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific type of application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0063] In the embodiments of this application, the network device can be a device for communicating with mobile devices. The network device can be an access point (AP) in WLAN, a base station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, a base station (NodeB, NB) in WCDMA, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, a relay station or access point, or a network device or base station (gNB) or transmission reception point (TRP) in vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, and NR networks, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network or NTN network, etc.

[0064] By way of example and not limitation, in the embodiments of this application, the network device may have mobility characteristics; for example, the network device may be a mobile device. In some embodiments, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. In some embodiments, the network device may also be a base station located on land, water, or other similar locations.

[0065] In this embodiment, the network device can provide services to a cell. The terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources) used by the cell. The cell can be the cell corresponding to the network device (e.g., a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell can include: metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage area and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

[0066] For example, the communication system 100 used in the embodiments of this application is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The communication system 100 may include a network device 110, which may be a device that communicates with a terminal device 120 (or a zero-power terminal, zero-power device, etc.). The network device 110 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with terminal devices located within that coverage area.

[0067] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment shows a network device and two terminal devices. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and each network device may include other numbers of terminal devices within its coverage area. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0068] In some embodiments, the communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which are not limited in this application.

[0069] It should be understood that devices with communication functions in the network / system of this application embodiment can be referred to as communication devices. Figure 1 Taking the communication system 100 shown as an example, the communication equipment may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120 with communication functions. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 may be the specific devices described above, which will not be repeated here. The communication equipment may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as network controllers, mobility management entities and other network entities. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0070] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document. The term "and / or" in this document merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0071] The terminology used in the embodiments section of this application is for the purpose of explaining specific embodiments of this application only, and is not intended to limit this application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0072] It should be understood that the term "instruction" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0073] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or that there is an association between two things, or that there is a relationship of instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured, etc.

[0074] In this application embodiment, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0075] In this application embodiment, the "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, such as an evolution of existing LTE protocol, NR protocol, Wi-Fi protocol or other related communication system protocols. This application does not limit the type of protocol.

[0076] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the zero-power communication technology related to this application will be described.

[0077] Zero-power communication employs energy harvesting and / or backscatter communication technologies. A zero-power communication network consists of network devices and zero-power devices, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the network device is used to send wireless power signals, downlink communication signals, and receive backscattered signals from the zero-power device. A basic zero-power device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscattered communication module, and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power device may also have a memory or sensor to store basic information (such as object identification) or acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

[0078] The key technologies for zero-power communication mainly include radio frequency (RF) power harvesting and back scattering.

[0079] Specifically, radio frequency power harvesting can be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the radio frequency energy harvesting module harvests electromagnetic wave energy from space based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, thereby obtaining the energy required to drive zero-power devices, such as driving low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory reading. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require traditional batteries.

[0080] Specifically, backscattering communication can be like... Figure 4 As shown, a zero-power communication terminal receives wireless signals sent by the network, modulates the wireless signals, loads the information to be transmitted, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of the zero-power device according to the rhythm of the data stream, causing parameters such as the impedance of the electronic tag to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process. Load modulation technology mainly includes two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, such as... Figure 5 As shown, switching a resistor on and off causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus achieving Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, which modulates and transmits the signal by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattered signal from the zero-power device. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, switching a capacitor on and off can change the circuit's resonant frequency, achieving Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, which modulates and transmits the signal by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal from the zero-power device.

[0081] As can be seen, zero-power devices modulate the incoming signal using load modulation, thereby achieving backscatter communication. Therefore, zero-power devices have significant advantages: (1) Zero-power devices do not actively transmit signals, so they do not require complex radio frequency links, such as power amplifiers (PA) and radio frequency filters; (2) Zero-power devices do not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, therefore they do not need high-frequency crystal oscillators; (3) With the help of backscatter communication, the signal transmission of zero-power devices does not require the zero-power devices to consume their own energy.

[0082] Zero-power communication (ZHW) has significant advantages such as extremely low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, and can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and industrial internet for vertical industries; it can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0083] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the encoding method of zero-power communication related to this application will be described.

[0084] Data transmitted by electronic tags can be represented by binary "1" and "0" using different forms of codes. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems typically use one of the following encoding methods: Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, Unipolar RZ encoding, Differential Biphasic (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, or differential encoding. In simpler terms, it uses different pulse signals to represent 0 and 1.

[0085] (1) Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) Encoding: NRZ encoding uses a high level to represent binary "1" and a low level to represent binary "0". Specifically, it can be seen as follows... Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 The waveform shown has no gaps between symbols and transmits the code throughout the entire symbol time, hence it is called reverse non-return-to-zero encoding.

[0086] (2) Unipolar Return to Zero (UZZ) Encoding: When a 1 code is transmitted, a positive current is emitted, but the duration of the positive current is shorter than the duration of a symbol, i.e., a narrow pulse is emitted; when a 0 code is transmitted, no current is emitted at all. The rules of unipolar return to zero encoding are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. Specifically, comparing inverse non-return-to-zero (NRZ) coding and unipolar return-to-zero (NRZ) coding, both are unipolar codes, but the NRZ coding has a 100% duty cycle, while the NRZ coding has a 50% duty cycle.

[0087] (3) Manchester Encoding: Manchester encoding is also known as split-phase coding or two-phase coding. In Manchester encoding, the different phases of voltage transitions distinguish between 1 and 0. A high-to-low transition represents 1, and a low-to-high transition represents 0. The Manchester encoding rules are as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0088] (4) Miller Encoding: Miller encoding is an improved version of Manchester encoding. In Miller encoding, any edge within half a bit cycle represents a binary 1, while a level that remains unchanged throughout the next bit cycle represents a binary 0. That is, Miller encoding uses a level transition at the bit center to represent data 1, and no level transition at the bit center represents data 0. Furthermore, when consecutive binary 0s occur, the level transition occurs at the end of that bit. The Miller encoding rules are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, Miller encoding generates a level alternation at the beginning of a bit cycle, making it easier for the receiver to reconstruct the bit clock.

[0089] (5) Differential Biphase (DBP) Encoding: In differential biphase encoding, any edge in half a bit cycle represents a binary "0", while the absence of an edge represents a binary "1". Furthermore, the voltage levels are inverted at the beginning of each bit cycle. Therefore, the bit clock is relatively easy to reconstruct for the receiver. The differential biphase encoding rules can be summarized as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0090] (6) Differential coding: In differential coding, each binary "1" to be transmitted will cause a change in signal level, while for a binary "0", the signal level remains unchanged. The differential coding rules can be as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0091] (7) Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE): Pulse Interval Encoding is the encoding method used by readers to transmit data to electronic tags. PIE encoding is an encoding method where "0" and "1" have different time intervals. It is based on a continuous pulse with a fixed interval, and the repetition period of the pulse varies depending on whether it is "0" or "1". Typically, the duration of each binary code is an integer multiple of one clock cycle. There are four PIE encoding symbols: data 0, data 1, start of data frame (SOF), and end of data frame (EOF). Their encoding symbols are 1, 2, 4, and 4 times the reference time interval (Tari), respectively. The definitions of data 0, data 1, SOF, and EOF are as follows: Figure 12 As shown, PIE encoding easily defines cases other than data 0 and data 1. To determine the type of transmitted symbol, the electronic tag needs to measure the interval of the high / low pulse transition shown in the figure.

[0092] (8) Bi-phase spatial coding (FM0): Bi-phase spatial coding (FM0) is the encoding method by which electronic tags transmit data to readers. The rules of FM0 encoding are: the symbol "0" changes level at both the middle and the edge of the time; the symbol "1" changes level only at the edge of the time. The rules of FM0 encoding are as follows: Figure 13 As shown. The characteristics of FM0 encoding: The symbol "0" has three transitions, including one transition at the start of the bit time and one transition at the middle of the bit time; the symbol "1" has one transition at the start of the bit time. Examples of FM0 symbols, FM0 symbol sequences, and encodings can be seen as follows. Figure 14 As shown.

[0093] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the power supply signal and trigger signal in the zero-power communication system related to this application will be described.

[0094] Power supply signal: The carrier of the power supply signal can be a base station, smartphone, smart gateway, charging station, micro base station, etc.; in terms of frequency band, the radio waves used for power supply can be low-frequency, medium-frequency, high-frequency, etc.; in terms of waveform, the radio waves used for power supply can be sine waves, square waves, triangular waves, pulses, rectangular waves, etc.; furthermore, it can be a continuous wave or a discontinuous wave (i.e., allowing for a certain period of interruption). The power supply may be a signal specified in the 3GPP standard. Examples include the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), etc.

[0095] Trigger signal / control information: The trigger signal carrier can be a base station, smartphone, smart gateway, etc.; the frequency band can be low-frequency, mid-frequency, high-frequency, etc.; the waveform can be a sine wave, square wave, triangle wave, pulse, rectangular wave, etc.; furthermore, it can be a continuous wave or a discontinuous wave (i.e., allowing for a certain period of interruption). The trigger signal may be a signal specified in the 3GPP standard, such as SRS, PUSCH, PRACH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, etc.; it may also be a new signal.

[0096] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the classification of zero-power devices related to this application is explained.

[0097] Alternatively, based on the energy source and usage of zero-power devices, zero-power devices can be classified into passive zero-power devices, semi-passive zero-power devices, and active zero-power devices.

[0098] 1) Passive zero-power devices Zero-power devices do not require an internal battery. When a zero-power device is near a network device (such as a reader in a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system), it falls within the near-field range of the network device's antenna radiation. Therefore, the zero-power device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the device's low-power chip circuitry. This enables demodulation of the forward link signal (downlink, from the network device to the zero-power device) and modulation of the backward link signal (uplink, from the zero-power device to the network device). For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0099] As can be seen, passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link, making them truly zero-power devices.

[0100] Passive zero-power devices do not require batteries, and their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, analog-to-digital conversion (ADCs), etc. Therefore, they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0101] Passive zero-power terminals can also support other energy harvesting methods. By harvesting energy from the environment (such as light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), they can obtain energy for the drive circuit and support the terminal device to communicate.

[0102] 2) Semi-passive zero-power devices Semi-passive zero-power devices do not have conventional batteries installed, but they can use radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy or use energy harvesting modules to harvest energy from the environment (such as solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration energy, etc.), and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After obtaining energy, the energy storage unit can drive the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0103] As can be seen, semi-passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, the energy comes from the radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module, making them a true zero-power device.

[0104] Semi-passive zero-power devices inherit many advantages of passive zero-power devices, and therefore have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0105] 3) Active zero-power devices In some scenarios, zero-power devices can also be active zero-power devices. These terminals can have a built-in battery (a conventional battery, such as a dry cell battery or a rechargeable lithium battery). The battery powers the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. However, for the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit the signal. Therefore, the zero power consumption of this type of terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that the signal transmission of the backward link does not require the terminal's own power, but instead uses backscattering. Although active zero-power devices use batteries, their power consumption is extremely low due to ultra-low power communication sampling technology, thus significantly improving battery life compared to existing technologies.

[0106] Active zero-power devices use a built-in battery to power the RFID chip, increasing the tag's read / write distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, they are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

[0107] Some zero-power terminals, such as semi-passive zero-power terminals or active zero-power terminals, can have the ability to actively transmit. That is, in addition to communicating through backscattering, the backlink can also communicate through active transmission.

[0108] As is well known, zero-power IoT services, like other IoT services, will primarily focus on upstream applications. Therefore, based on transmitter type, zero-power devices can be categorized into backscatter-based zero-power devices, active transmitter-based zero-power devices, and zero-power devices that combine both backscatter and active transmitter capabilities.

[0109] 1) Zero-power devices based on backscattering These zero-power devices transmit uplink data using the backscattering method described above. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when this type of terminal transmits data, a network device needs to provide a carrier wave, and the terminal device uses this carrier wave for backscattering to achieve data transmission.

[0110] 2) Zero-power devices based on active transmitters These zero-power devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending data, these devices can transmit data using their own active transmitters without requiring a carrier wave from network equipment. Suitable active transmitters for zero-power devices include, for example, ultra-low-power ASK or ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400-600µW when transmitting a 100µW signal.

[0111] 3) Zero-power devices that simultaneously possess backscattering and active transmitter capabilities These terminals can support both backscatter and active transmitters. The terminal can determine which uplink signal transmission method to use based on different conditions (such as battery level and available ambient energy) or the scheduling of network devices: whether to use backscatter or an active transmitter for active transmission.

[0112] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the related cellular passive Internet of Things will be described.

[0113] Cellular IoT is booming. For example, 3GPP has standardized IoT technologies such as Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Machine Type Communication (MTC), and Reduced Capability (RedCap). However, there are still many IoT communication needs in various scenarios that cannot be met by existing technologies.

[0114] For example, harsh communication environments. Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0115] Another example is the need for extremely small terminal form factors. Certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, require terminals to be extremely small for ease of use in these environments. For instance, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very compact form factors into product packaging. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0116] Another example is the need for extremely low-cost IoT communication. Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For instance, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently competitively priced.

[0117] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, it is also necessary to develop ultra-low cost, extremely small size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT in cellular networks, and zero-power IoT can meet this need.

[0118] It's worth noting that zero-power IoT can also be called Ambientpower-enabled IoT, or simply Ambient IoT. Specifically, an Ambient IoT device refers to an IoT device that uses various forms of environmental energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy. An Ambient IoT device may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using a capacitor with a capacitance of tens of microfarads (µF)).

[0119] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT device can be used in at least the following four scenarios: Object recognition, such as in logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management; Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment; Location services, such as indoor positioning, smart item finding, and production line item positioning; Intelligent control, such as the intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and the intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0120] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the forward error correction code (FEC) related to this application will be explained.

[0121] FEC (Error Correction Code) technology is a widely used coding technique in communication systems. It has the advantage of automatically correcting errors in data transmission. Its core idea is that the sender uses error correction codes to redundantly encode information, thereby achieving the purpose of correcting transmission errors.

[0122] Taking a typical block code as an example, its basic principle is as follows: At the transmitting end, k bits of information are encoded as a block, and (nk) bits of redundancy check information are added to form a codeword of length n bits. After the codeword reaches the receiving end through the channel, if the error is within the correctable range, the erroneous bits can be checked and corrected through decoding, thereby resisting interference from the channel and improving the reliability of the communication system. Through FEC processing, the system's bit error rate can be effectively reduced at the cost of redundancy overhead, the transmission distance can be extended, and the system cost can be reduced.

[0123] The performance of the FEC scheme is mainly determined by three factors: encoding overhead, decision method, and codeword scheme.

[0124] (1) Coding overhead: The ratio of the parity bit length (nk) to the information length k is called the coding overhead. The larger the overhead, the higher the theoretical limit performance of the FEC scheme. However, the increase is not linear. The larger the overhead, the smaller the performance improvement brought by the increase in overhead. The choice of overhead needs to be determined according to the specific system design requirements.

[0125] (2) Decision method: FEC decoding methods are divided into hard-decision decoding and soft-decision decoding. Hard-decision FEC decoders have 0 and 1 level inputs. Due to their low complexity and mature theory, they have been widely used in various scenarios. Soft-decision FEC decoders have multi-level quantization levels inputs. At the same code rate, soft-decision has higher gain than hard-decision, but the decoding complexity will increase exponentially.

[0126] (3) Codeword scheme: After determining the overhead and decision method, designing an excellent codeword scheme to make the performance closer to the Shannon limit is the main research topic of FEC.

[0127] There are three main types of FEC codes: repeating codes, block codes, and convolutional codes.

[0128] Repetition codes: Sending the same data multiple times is called a repetition code. The receiving end decodes the data according to the majority rule. For example, if the sending end encodes 0 as 000 and sends it, and receives 001, 010, or 100, it will interpret it as 0; if the sending end encodes 1 as 111 and sends it, and receives 110, 101, or 011, it will interpret it as 1. A major problem with repetition codes is their low transmission efficiency, only about 1 / 3.

[0129] Block codes: Dividing the information sequence of a source into independent blocks for processing and encoding is called a block code. During encoding, every k bits of information are divided into a group for independent processing, transforming them into a binary code group of length n (n>k).

[0130] Specifically, there are many types of block codes, such as Reed-Solomon, Gray code, BCH code, parity check code, Hamming code, etc.

[0131] Convolutional codes: If we describe convolutional codes as (n, k, m), where k is the number of bits input to the convolutional encoder each time, n is the n-tuple codeword output for each k-tuple codeword, and m is the encoding storage degree, which is the number of levels of the k-tuples in the convolutional encoder. m+1 = K is called the encoding constraint degree, and m is called the constraint length. Convolutional codes encode k-tuple input symbols into n-tuple output symbols. Convolutional codes are used for bitstreams or symbol streams of arbitrary length. Although other algorithms are sometimes used, the most commonly used soft-decision algorithm is the Viterbi algorithm. As the constraint length of the convolutional code increases, Viterbi decoding can achieve near-optimal decoding efficiency, but this comes at the cost of a significant increase in encoding complexity.

[0132] For systems involving multiple encoding steps, each encoding step is considered as a single, integrated code, known as a concatenated code. Classical (algebraic) block codes and convolutional codes are often combined in concatenated codes. Finite-length convolutional codes handle most of the work, while larger block codes erase any errors caused by the convolutional decoder.

[0133] Currently, the codes that approach the Shannon capacity limit are those known as Turbo-like codes, including Turbo codes, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, and RA codes. These codes are characterized by the partial introduction of random coding principles, relatively long code lengths, and the use of iterative decoding algorithms close to maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. Turbo codes are an iterative soft-decision scheme and also a type of concatenated code. They combine several simple convolutional codes with a cross-connector to produce a block code. Their performance can partially reach the Shannon limit.

[0134] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of this application, the problems solved by this application will be explained.

[0135] Zero-power devices are low in complexity and cost, and can be maintenance-free and battery-free. They can be divided into passive zero-power terminals, semi-passive zero-power terminals, and active zero-power terminals. They obtain energy for communication by harvesting energy from the environment (such as radio frequency energy, light energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, kinetic energy, etc.). In terms of communication methods, they can support backscattering or, more specifically, active transmission communication methods.

[0136] Zero-power devices enable high-density and large-scale deployment at a lower cost. Furthermore, due to their maintenance-free and battery-free characteristics, they have enormous application potential in industrial sensor networks, smart homes, smart agriculture, logistics and warehousing, smart wearables, and healthcare. Zero-power devices can be integrated with sensor equipment for environmental monitoring, hazard warnings, and alarms.

[0137] When zero-power devices employ backscatter transmission, their data transmission performance is poor because they do not generate a carrier wave themselves. They rely on modulation techniques such as On-Off Keying (OOK), Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) to backscatter the incoming wave. Therefore, it is necessary to design an encoding method to improve the data transmission performance of zero-power devices during backscatter communication, which can also be applied to communication methods where zero-power devices actively transmit. Furthermore, if multiple zero-power devices use the same time-frequency resources for data transmission, they will interfere with each other, affecting data transmission performance. Improving data transmission performance when multiple zero-power devices use the same time-frequency resources is a problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0138] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a signal transmission scheme for zero-power communication. The first signal transmitted by the zero-power device undergoes at least a first encoding process, and the receiving end can correct errors occurring during the transmission of the first signal based on the first encoding, thereby improving the data transmission performance of the zero-power device. Furthermore, puncturing or selective transmission of some bits / symbols / time domain resources can be performed to reduce mutual interference when multiple zero-power devices transmit data simultaneously, improving data transmission performance in multi-user scenarios.

[0139] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of this application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The following related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0140] Figure 15 This is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method 200 according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 15 As shown, the wireless communication method 200 may include at least some of the following: S210, the zero-power device transmits a first signal; wherein the first signal has undergone at least one encoding process, the at least one encoding including a first code, the first code being used by the receiving end to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission; S220, the communication device receives the first signal.

[0141] In this embodiment of the application, the first signal sent by the zero-power device has undergone at least the first encoding process, and the receiving end can correct the errors that occur in the transmission process of the first signal based on the first encoding. That is, the communication device can correct the errors that occur in the transmission process of the first signal based on the first encoding, thereby improving the data transmission performance of the zero-power device.

[0142] It should be noted that zero-power devices have a simple structure, low complexity, and low cost. They can harvest energy from the environment (such as light, heat, radio frequency, mechanical, and kinetic energy) to obtain the energy required for communication. They can support backscatter communication, and some zero-power devices can also support active transmission communication. The embodiments of this application are used to improve the data transmission performance of zero-power devices during communication, especially to enhance data transmission performance in multi-user communication application scenarios.

[0143] In this application embodiment, the zero-power device can also be referred to as an "Ambientpower-enabled IoT device" or an "Ambient IoT device." Specifically, an Ambient IoT device refers to an IoT device that uses various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, and so on. An Ambient IoT device may have no energy storage capacity or may have very limited energy storage capacity (such as using a capacitor with a capacitance of tens of microfarads (µF)).

[0144] In some embodiments, the communication device may be a network device (such as a base station), or an access point (AP), or a reader / writer or reader / writer device, or a terminal device, or a station (STA), or a relay device. Of course, the communication device may also be other devices, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0145] In some embodiments, the first signal is a backscattered signal, or the first signal is a signal actively transmitted by a zero-power device.

[0146] In some embodiments, the communication device may send a second signal to the zero-power device, wherein the second signal is a backscattered signal, or the second signal is a signal actively transmitted by the communication device.

[0147] Specifically, the design of the second signal can be the same as that of the first signal. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the first signal, which will not be repeated here.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first encoding is a forward error-correcting code (FEC) encoding. Of course, the first encoding can also be other encoding methods with error-correcting capabilities, and this application embodiment is not limited to this.

[0149] In some embodiments, the first signal includes redundant error-correcting codes with error-correcting capabilities. That is, during the first encoding process, the zero-power device adds redundant error-correcting codes with error-correcting capabilities to the original bits being transmitted, thereby reducing the bit error rate of the received signal, enhancing data transmission performance, and improving coverage.

[0150] In some embodiments, the redundancy correction code includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: block code, convolutional code, concatenated code, Turbo-like code, Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) code, and repeating code.

[0151] Specifically, block codes can include Reed-Solomon, Gray code, BCH code, parity check code, Hamming code, etc.

[0152] Specifically, if we describe convolutional codes using (n, k, m), where k is the number of bits input to the convolutional encoder each time, n is the n-tuple codeword output by the convolutional code corresponding to each k-tuple codeword, and m is the encoding storage degree, which is the number of levels of the k-tuples in the convolutional encoder. m+1 = K is called the encoding constraint degree, and m is called the constraint length. Convolutional codes encode k-tuple input codewords into n-tuple output codewords.

[0153] Specifically, concatenated codes combine block codes and convolutional codes.

[0154] Specifically, Turbo-like codes can be: Turbo codes, LDPC codes, RA codes, etc.

[0155] It should be noted that for details on block codes, convolutional codes, concatenated codes, Turbo-like codes, and repeating codes, please refer to the relevant descriptions above, and will not be repeated here.

[0156] In some embodiments, when the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the redundancy correction code includes at least a CRC code, where N is a positive integer. That is, when the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the communication device can correct the first signal using a CRC code.

[0157] In some embodiments, N is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal; or, The value of N is M*L, where M is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal and L is the scaling factor. The CRC check bit is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0158] That is, in the embodiments of this application, the communication device can determine whether the first signal has been successfully received based on the CRC check bit.

[0159] Optionally, the value of L can be {1 / 2, 1 / 3, 1, 2, 3…}.

[0160] In some embodiments, the modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation, FSK modulation, and PSK modulation.

[0161] In some embodiments, the at least one encoding includes a second encoding, wherein the second encoding is an encoding performed after the first encoding, and the second encoding is used to implement digital-to-analog conversion.

[0162] In some embodiments, the second encoding is one of the following: inverse non-return-to-zero encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, differential biphase encoding, differential encoding, pulse interval encoding, and bidirectional spatial encoding.

[0163] In some embodiments, where at least one encoding includes a second encoding, the modulation scheme of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation.

[0164] Specifically, for OOK and ASK modulation types, a second encoding is supported. This second encoding is used for data transmission and is used to perform digital-to-analog conversion, converting 0 and 1 bits into their corresponding levels. For PSK and FSK modulation types, the second encoding is not supported.

[0165] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a CRC check bit, which is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0166] Specifically, appending CRC check bits to the original bits is primarily for the receiving end to verify the signal sent by the zero-power device during signal reception, determining whether the data sent by the zero-power device has been successfully received (i.e., error detection). Considering that zero-power devices typically transmit small data packets, to reduce the overhead of adding CRC check bits, the corresponding CRC check bits need to be a lower-overhead polynomial, for example, using CRC check bits <= 8.

[0167] In some embodiments, the signal transmission process of a zero-power device can be as follows: Figure 16 As shown, the signal transmitted by the zero-power device can be a backscattered signal or a signal actively transmitted by the zero-power device. It is important to note that... Figure 16 The flowchart shown represents a portion of the signal transmission and processing modules; however, it is possible that there are additional modules processing these modules.

[0168] It should be noted that, Figure 16 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps. For example, if the original bits are sent directly using the repeat code, then there is no need to add CRC check bits.

[0169] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are interleaved. Optionally, different zero-power devices may use different interleaving methods, or different zero-power devices may use the same interleaving method.

[0170] In some embodiments, where different zero-power devices use different interleaving processing methods, the interleaving processing method used by the zero-power device is determined based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0171] Specifically, zero-power devices can interleave the encoded bits. All zero-power devices can use the same interleaving process; alternatively, they can use different interleaving processes, for example, determining the interleaving method based on the zero-power device identifier or based on the pattern used.

[0172] In some applications of zero-power devices, such as asset inventory and environmental monitoring, multiple zero-power devices often transmit data simultaneously. When multiple zero-power devices use the same time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources for data transmission, interference may occur between them. For zero-power devices, due to the use of simple modulation methods such as OOK, FSK, ASK, and PSK, data transmission performance is poor when multiple zero-power devices transmit in the same time-domain and / or frequency-domain, making data reception and zero-power device identification difficult at the receiving end. Therefore, when data transmissions from multiple zero-power devices collide, it may cause data reception errors and retransmissions, increasing latency. This makes it impossible for asset inventory applications to handle a large number of terminals simultaneously, resulting in low inventory efficiency. For environmental monitoring applications, it may be impossible to handle abnormal situations in a timely manner. Based on this, embodiments of this application propose a process that can puncture or selectively transmit some bits / symbols / time domain resources, which can improve the data transmission performance when multiple zero-power devices use the same time domain and / or frequency domain resources for data transmission. Even when different zero-power devices use the same time domain and / or frequency domain resources for data transmission, the probability of successful data reception can be increased.

[0173] In some embodiments, as in Example 1, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are punctured; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position, and / or, no modulation symbol is transmitted on the time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources of the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position; or, The data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are fixed to a first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal is fixed to a first target value, or the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are not modulated.

[0174] Optionally, in Example 1, the data bits are punched at different locations for different zero-power devices.

[0175] For example, when a zero-power device punctures data bits, the modulation symbols corresponding to the punctured data bits are not transmitted. Correspondingly, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-frequency and / or frequency-domain resources corresponding to the punctured data bits. That is, the punctured data bits are not rearranged and transmitted sequentially. Instead, during data transmission, some data bits are not transmitted due to the puncturing.

[0176] For example, when a zero-power device performs puncturing on data bits, the data bit at the puncturing position is fixed to a first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the puncturing position is fixed to a first target value, or the data bit at the puncturing position is not modulated.

[0177] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, even if some modulation symbols / data bits are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. Based on this characteristic, in Example 1, when transmitting the first signal, the zero-power device can puncture the data bits carried in the first signal before modulation. The puncturing positions are different for different zero-power devices. This reduces mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources, increases the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduces the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0178] For example, such as Figure 17 As shown, different zero-power devices (i.e. Figure 17 The data bits of the electronic tags (Tags) are punched at different positions, and only the modulated symbols corresponding to the unpunched data bits are transmitted. Figure 17 This explanation uses OOK modulation as an example.

[0179] Optionally, in Example 1, the puncture position of the data bit corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. That is, the zero-power device can determine the puncture position of the data bit corresponding to the first signal based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the data transmission pattern is a sequence composed of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value indicates puncturing and the second value indicates no puncturing. For example, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1; or, the first value is 1 and the second value is 0; or, the first value and the second value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0180] Optionally, in Example 1, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with S data bits, where S is a positive integer. Optionally, the S data bits can be consecutive or discrete.

[0181] For example, when S=1, this data transmission pattern is periodically applied to data bit processing. For instance, the data transmission pattern consists of 10 bits, while the encoded bit sequence to be transmitted consists of 100 bits. Each group can consist of 10 consecutive bits, and the data transmission pattern can be used to determine the transmission status (i.e., whether puncturing) of each bit within that group. Alternatively, the bit index can be modulo 10 and then added to X (where X ranges from 0 to the total number of bits in the data transmission pattern), and the resulting groups can be created, with each bit corresponding to one group.

[0182] For example, when S > 1 and the S data bits are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the data bit processing.

[0183] Optionally, in Example 1, the transmission process of the first signal during data bit puncturing can be as follows: Figure 18 As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 18 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0184] In some embodiments, as Example 2, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits; or, The unselected data bits in the first signal are fixed to the first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the unselected data bits in the first signal is fixed to the first target value, or the unselected data bits in the first signal are not modulated.

[0185] Optionally, in Example 2, different zero-power devices select different data bits.

[0186] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, even if some modulation symbols / data bits are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. Based on this characteristic, in Example 2, when transmitting the first signal, the zero-power device can select the data bits carried in the first signal before modulation. Different zero-power devices select different data bits. This reduces mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources, increases the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduces the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0187] For example, such as Figure 19 As shown, different zero-power devices (i.e. Figure 19 The electronic tags (Tags) in the system select different data bits, and only transmit the modulated symbols corresponding to the selected data bits. Among them, Figure 19 This explanation uses OOK modulation as an example.

[0188] Optionally, in Example 2, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. That is, the zero-power device can select the data bits corresponding to the first signal based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value indicates no selection and the second value indicates selection. For example, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1; or the first value is 1 and the second value is 0; or the first value and the second value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0189] Optionally, in Example 2, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with S data bits, where S is a positive integer. Optionally, the S data bits can be consecutive or discrete.

[0190] For example, when S=1, this data transmission pattern is periodically applied to data bit processing. For instance, the data transmission pattern consists of 10 bits, while the encoded bit sequence to be transmitted consists of 100 bits. Each group can consist of 10 consecutive bits, and the data transmission pattern can be used to determine the transmission status (i.e., whether to select) of each bit within that group; alternatively, the bit index can be modulo 10 and then added to X (where X is from 0 to the total number of bits in the data transmission pattern), and the resulting groups can be created, with each bit corresponding to one group.

[0191] For example, when S > 1 and the S data bits are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the data bit processing.

[0192] Optionally, in Example 2, the transmission procedure of the first signal during data bit selection can be as follows: Figure 20 As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 20 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0193] In some embodiments, as in Example 3, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal are punched; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol at the punched position, and / or, the modulation symbol at the punched position is not transmitted in the time domain and / or frequency domain resources; or, The modulation symbol at the punch position in the first signal is fixed to the second target value.

[0194] In this example, the puncturing process can be placed at the symbol level, that is, instead of selecting or puncturing the encoded bits to be transmitted, puncturing the modulated symbols.

[0195] Optionally, in Example 3, the positions of the modulation symbols punched in different zero-power devices are different.

[0196] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, even if some modulation symbols / data bits are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. Based on this characteristic, in Example 3, when transmitting the first signal, the zero-power device can perform puncturing processing on the modulation symbols carried by the first signal after modulation. The puncturing positions of the modulation symbols are different for different zero-power devices. This can reduce mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time domain and / or frequency domain resources, increase the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduce the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0197] Optionally, in Example 3, the puncture position of the modulation symbol corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. That is, the zero-power device can determine the puncture position of the modulation symbol corresponding to the first signal based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the data transmission pattern is a sequence composed of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents puncture and the second value represents no puncture. For example, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1; or, the first value is 1 and the second value is 0; or, the first value and the second value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0198] Optionally, in Example 3, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with W modulation symbols, where W is a positive integer. Optionally, the W modulation symbols can be continuous or discrete.

[0199] Specifically, for example, when W=1, this data transmission pattern is periodically applied to modulation symbol processing; or, When W > 1 and the W modulation symbols are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the modulation symbol processing.

[0200] Optionally, in Example 3, the transmission process of the first signal during modulation symbol puncturing can be as follows: Figure 21 As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 21 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0201] In some embodiments, as in Example 4, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein, The first signal does not include unselected modulation symbols, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the unselected modulation symbols; or, The unselected modulation symbol in the first signal is fixed as the second target value.

[0202] In this example, the selection process can be placed at the symbol level, that is, instead of selecting or punching the encoded bits to be transmitted, the selection is performed on the modulated symbols.

[0203] Optionally, in Example 4, different zero-power devices choose different modulation symbols.

[0204] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, even if some modulation symbols / data bits are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. Based on this characteristic, in Example 4, when transmitting the first signal, the zero-power device can select the modulation symbols carried by the first signal after modulation. Different zero-power devices select different modulation symbols. This reduces mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources, increases the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduces the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0205] Optionally, in Example 4, the modulation symbol in the first signal is selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. That is, the zero-power device can select the modulation symbol in the first signal based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the data transmission pattern is a sequence composed of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value indicates no selection and the second value indicates selection. For example, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1; or, the first value is 1 and the second value is 0; or, the first value and the second value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0206] Optionally, in Example 4, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with W modulation symbols, where W is a positive integer. Optionally, the W modulation symbols can be consecutive or discrete.

[0207] Specifically, for example, when W=1, this data transmission pattern is periodically applied to modulation symbol processing; or, When W > 1 and the W modulation symbols are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the modulation symbol processing.

[0208] Optionally, in Example 4, the transmission procedure of the first signal during modulation symbol selection can be as follows: Figure 22As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 22 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0209] In some embodiments, in Examples 1 and 2 above, the first target value may be agreed upon by a protocol, or the first target value may be configured by the network.

[0210] In some embodiments, in Examples 3 to 4 above, the second target value may be agreed upon by a protocol, or the second target value may be configured by the network.

[0211] In some embodiments, in Examples 1 to 4 above, for OOK and ASK modulation: after data bit / modulation symbol selection / puncturing, a modulated symbol has two transmission states. State 1: normal transmission; State 2: abnormal transmission. Optionally, for State 2: one implementation is no transmission; another optional implementation is transmitting a fixed modulation symbol (which can be a symbol modulated with 0, a symbol modulated with 1, or another fixed symbol). For FSK: similarly, for State 2, abnormal transmission means no symbol is transmitted at the corresponding modulation frequency. For PSK: similarly, for State 2, abnormal transmission means no symbol is transmitted. That is, for State 2: the encoded bits are not modulated, and no backscattering or active transmission is performed on the corresponding time-domain transmission resources; or the modulated symbol is not transmitted, and no backscattering or active transmission is performed on the corresponding time-domain transmission resources.

[0212] In some embodiments, in Examples 1 to 4 above, the number or proportion of the first or second value in the data transmission pattern does not exceed a first threshold. Optionally, the first threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, transmission block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0213] Specifically, in order to ensure the data transmission performance required for the job, the amount of punched or untransmitted data (bits / symbols) cannot exceed a threshold. This threshold is related to the data transmission rate, TBS, encoding method, etc.

[0214] In some embodiments, in Examples 1 to 4 above, before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the zero-power device sends a first sequence; wherein the first sequence includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal. Specifically, when the zero-power device communicates, it first sends the first sequence, and then determines the corresponding data transmission pattern based on the first sequence.

[0215] Optionally, the identity information of the zero-power device may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier.

[0216] Optionally, the data control information corresponding to the first signal includes at least one of the following: data TBS, encoding method, code rate, etc.

[0217] Optionally, the indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal: if the first sequence itself can be associated with the data transmission pattern, the indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal can be omitted in the first sequence; otherwise, the first sequence can carry the indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal, indicating the data transmission pattern used.

[0218] Optionally, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the first sequence.

[0219] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the first sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0220] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information (such as data TBS, encoding method, code rate, etc.), the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence (such as a first sequence).

[0221] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is obtained by extending an initial data transmission pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, TBS, data encoding method.

[0222] In some embodiments, the initial data transmission pattern is defined by a protocol, or the initial data transmission pattern is configured by the network.

[0223] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is configured or indicated by the network device. Specifically, the network device can configure or indicate a specific data transmission pattern. Optionally, it can be applied to unicast / multicast / groupcast communication. For unicast scenarios, the zero-power device directly uses the data transmission pattern indicated by the network device; for multicast / groupcast scenarios, the zero-power device can perform a cyclic shift of the data transmission pattern based on the data transmission pattern indicated by the network device. The cyclic shift value can be determined according to the identifier of the zero-power device or the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs. For example, when the zero-power device actively initiates communication (non-dynamic scheduling), that is, when the first signal is a signal actively transmitted by the zero-power device, if the network device has performed UE-dedicated configuration, it uses the data transmission pattern configured by the network.

[0224] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by the network device. Specifically, the network device can indicate parameters related to the generation of the data transmission pattern, and the zero-power device can uniquely determine a data transmission pattern based on these parameters and a preset production method. Optionally, it can be applied to unicast / multicast / groupcast communication. For unicast scenarios, the zero-power device directly uses the data transmission pattern indicated by the network device; for multicast / groupcast scenarios, the zero-power device can perform a cyclic shift of the data transmission pattern based on the data transmission pattern indicated by the network device, and the cyclic shift value can be determined based on the identifier of the zero-power device or the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs.

[0225] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier. Specifically, when the zero-power device actively initiates communication (non-dynamic scheduling), that is, when the first signal is a signal actively transmitted by the zero-power device, the zero-power device can generate the data transmission pattern based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier.

[0226] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a target data transmission pattern among a plurality of preset data transmission patterns. Optionally, the target data transmission pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier. Specifically, in a preferred scenario, the zero-power device can directly determine the target data transmission pattern based on the data transmission pattern index indicated by the network. In a non-preferred scenario, the target data transmission pattern can be determined based on the data transmission pattern index indicated by the network, and then the target data transmission pattern can be cyclically shifted. Optionally, when initiating communication, the zero-power device can listen to downlink signals (periodic common signals) to obtain the common configuration of data transmission patterns (i.e., a plurality of preset data transmission patterns).

[0227] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a target data transmission pattern from a preset set of multiple data transmission pattern sets. Optionally, the target data transmission pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target data transmission pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device; or, the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, or the cell identifier. Specifically, suitable for multicast / unicast / multicast scenarios, the zero-power device first determines the data transmission set to be used, and further determines the specific target data transmission pattern to be used during transmission; optionally, the target data transmission pattern can also be randomly selected, or the target data transmission pattern can be determined based on the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, etc.

[0228] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is determined based on a first sequence associated with the data transmission pattern. Optionally, the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is configured or indicated by a network device. Optionally, the data transmission pattern may have a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship with the first sequence.

[0229] In some embodiments, when performing data reception processing, if the data transmission pattern used by the zero-power device during signal transmission is known, the communication device (receiver) performs data reception processing according to that data transmission pattern. For example, based on the data transmission pattern, it determines unpunctured or selected data bits / modulation symbols, and treats punctured or unselected data bits / modulation symbols as fixed values ​​(0 / 1 bits, or their corresponding symbols), or initializes their reliability to the lowest level during decoding. That is, during decoding, unselected or punctured data bits have different initial a priori probabilities than other normally transmitted data bits. Specifically, if the communication device (receiver) does not know the data transmission pattern used by the zero-power device, or if multiple zero-power devices may be transmitting data (broadcast / multicast), the communication device (receiver) needs to use all data transmission patterns for reception processing. If the zero-power device transmits a first sequence before data transmission, the communication device (receiver) can determine one or more candidate data transmission patterns from the data transmission pattern set based on the received first sequence, and perform reception processing based on these candidate data transmission patterns.

[0230] In some embodiments, as Example 5, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone perforation processing; wherein... The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on time-domain resources at the punched location are carried over to the next unpunched time-domain resource for transmission.

[0231] Optionally, in Example 5, the time-domain resource punch locations differ for different zero-power devices.

[0232] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, the zero-power device can actively discard the transmission of some bits. Even if some modulation symbols / data bits are not transmitted or are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. This reduces mutual interference between zero-power devices in scenarios where multiple zero-power devices transmit data simultaneously. Based on this characteristic, in Example 5, when the zero-power device transmits the first signal, it can perform puncturing processing on the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal. The puncturing positions of the time-domain resources of different zero-power devices are different. This reduces mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time-domain resources, increases the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduces the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0233] Specifically, in Example 5, the temporal resources of the punch location can be processed in two ways: Method 1 and Method 2.

[0234] Method 1: Synchronize the influence of coded bits and modulation symbols. Specifically, such as... Figure 23 As shown, for time-domain resources that have been punched, no data transmission is performed, meaning that symbols originally sent on that time-domain resource are not sent and there is no need to postpone transmission; or data transmission is performed only on time-domain resources that have not been punched.

[0235] Method 2: Data rearrangement / delayed data transmission. Specifically, for punctured time-domain resources, no data transmission occurs, or data transmission only occurs on unpunctured time-domain resources. Since this processing method results in symbols originally intended for transmission on that time-domain resource not actually being transmitted, the actually transmitted time-domain resource can also be called the available time-domain resource or the actually transmitted time-domain resource. For symbols not transmitted on time-domain resource 1, they are carried over to the next available time-domain resource for transmission, such as... Figure 24 As shown.

[0236] Optionally, in Example 5, the time-domain resource punching position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the time-domain resource pattern is a sequence composed of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value indicates punching and the fourth value indicates no punching. For example, the third value is 0 and the fourth value is 1; or, the third value is 1 and the fourth value is 0; or, the third value and the fourth value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0237] Optionally, in Example 5, each value in the time-domain resource pattern is associated with K time-domain resources, where K is a positive integer.

[0238] Specifically, for example, when K=1, this time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing; or, When K > 1 and the K time-domain resources are consecutive, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing.

[0239] Specifically, in Example 5, the zero-power device first determines the time-domain resources for data transmission, and then performs puncturing on the time-domain resources at a finer granularity based on the time-domain resource pattern to obtain the actual time-domain resources for transmission. For example, if multiple time slots are allocated for data transmission, the zero-power device can perform puncturing based on finer-granular time-domain resources, such as based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0240] Optionally, in Example 5, the transmission process of the first signal during time-domain resource puncturing can be as follows: Figure 25 As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 25 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0241] In some embodiments, as Example 6, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein... The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on unselected time-domain resources; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources are carried over to the next selected time-domain resource.

[0242] Optionally, in Example 6, different zero-power devices select different time-domain resources.

[0243] Specifically, when transmitting signals, the zero-power device uses an error-correcting encoding method (i.e., the first encoding mentioned above) for encoding processing. Therefore, the zero-power device can actively discard the transmission of some bits. Even if some modulation symbols / data bits are not transmitted or are transmitted incorrectly, the receiving end (i.e., the communication device mentioned above) can still correctly receive and process the data. This reduces mutual interference between zero-power devices in scenarios where multiple zero-power devices transmit data simultaneously. Based on this characteristic, in Example 6, when the zero-power device transmits the first signal, it can select time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal. Different zero-power devices select different time-domain resources. This reduces mutual interference between signals when different zero-power devices transmit data using the same time-domain resources, increases the probability of multiple zero-power devices successfully receiving data, and reduces the impact of data collisions on signal transmission.

[0244] Specifically, in Example 6, unselected time-domain resources can be processed in two ways: Method 3 and Method 4.

[0245] Method 3: Synchronize the influence of coded bits and modulation symbols. Specifically, such as... Figure 26 As shown, for time-domain resources that are not selected, no data transmission is performed, that is, symbols originally sent on that time-domain resource are not sent and there is no need to postpone transmission; or data transmission is performed only on the selected time-domain resources.

[0246] Method 4: Data rearrangement / delayed data transmission. Specifically, for unselected time-domain resources, no data transmission occurs, or data transmission only occurs on the selected time-domain resources. Since this processing method results in symbols originally transmitted on that time-domain resource not actually being transmitted, the actually transmitted time-domain resource can also be called the available time-domain resource or the actually transmitted time-domain resource. For symbols not transmitted on time-domain resource 1, they are carried over to the next available time-domain resource for transmission, such as... Figure 27 As shown.

[0247] Optionally, in Example 6, the time-domain resource corresponding to the first signal is selected based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal. Optionally, the time-domain resource pattern is a sequence of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value indicates no selection and the fourth value indicates selection. For example, the third value is 0 and the fourth value is 1; or, the third value is 1 and the fourth value is 0; or, the third value and the fourth value are other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0248] Optionally, in Example 5, each value in the time-domain resource pattern is associated with K time-domain resources, where K is a positive integer.

[0249] Specifically, for example, when K=1, this time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing; or, When K > 1 and the K time-domain resources are consecutive, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing.

[0250] Specifically, in Example 6, the zero-power device first determines the time-domain resources for data transmission, and then selects more fine-grained time-domain resources based on the time-domain resource pattern to obtain the actual time-domain resources for transmission. For example, if multiple time slots are allocated for data transmission, the zero-power device can select them based on more fine-grained time-domain resources, such as OFDM symbols.

[0251] Optionally, in Example 6, the transmission procedure of the first signal during time-domain resource selection can be as follows: Figure 28 As shown. It should be noted that, Figure 28 The dashed boxes corresponding to "Additional CRC check bits" and "Second encoding" indicate optional steps.

[0252] In some embodiments, in Examples 5 and 6 above, the number or proportion of the third or fourth value in the time-domain resource pattern does not exceed a second threshold. Optionally, the second threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, TBS, and data encoding method.

[0253] In some embodiments, in Examples 5 and 6 above, the granularity of the time-domain resource is one of the following: time slot, symbol.

[0254] In some embodiments, in Examples 5 and 6 above, the time-domain resource is the time-domain resource *R of a modulated single symbol, where R is a positive integer.

[0255] In some embodiments, in Examples 5 to 6 above, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are scheduled and indicated by the network device, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are agreed upon by the protocol, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are obtained by frequency domain offset of the time-frequency resources occupied by the incoming wave signal corresponding to the first signal.

[0256] In some embodiments, in Examples 5 and 6 above, before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the zero-power device sends a second sequence; wherein the second sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0257] In some embodiments, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the second sequence.

[0258] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the second sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0259] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information, the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence.

[0260] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is obtained by extending an initial time-domain resource pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, TBS, data encoding method.

[0261] In some embodiments, the initial time-domain resource pattern is agreed upon by a protocol, or the initial time-domain resource pattern is configured by the network.

[0262] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is configured or indicated by a network device; or, This time-domain resource map is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by network devices; or, The time-domain resource map is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern among a set of preset time-domain resource patterns; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern in the target time-domain resource pattern set from a preset set of multiple time-domain resource pattern sets; or, The time-domain resource map is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource map.

[0263] In some embodiments, when the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern among a plurality of preset time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier.

[0264] In some embodiments, when the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern in a target time-domain resource pattern set among a preset set of multiple time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target time-domain resource pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device; or, the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier.

[0265] In some embodiments, where the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource pattern, the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is configured or indicated by a network device.

[0266] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first signal transmitted by the zero-power device has undergone at least the first encoding process, and the receiving end can correct errors that occur in the transmission process of the first signal based on the first encoding, thereby improving the data transmission performance of the zero-power device. Furthermore, some bits / symbols / time domain resources can be punctured or selectively transmitted to reduce mutual interference when multiple zero-power devices transmit data simultaneously, thus improving data transmission performance in multi-user scenarios.

[0267] The above text combined Figures 15 to 28 The method embodiments of this application are described in detail below, in conjunction with... Figures 29 to 33 The present application describes the device embodiments in detail. It should be understood that the device embodiments correspond to the method embodiments, and similar descriptions can be referred to the method embodiments.

[0268] Figure 29 A schematic block diagram of a zero-power device 300 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 29 As shown, the zero-power device 300 includes: Communication unit 310 is used to transmit a first signal; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the receiving end to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

[0269] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a redundant error-correcting code with error-correcting capabilities.

[0270] In some embodiments, the redundancy correction code includes at least one of the following: block code, convolutional code, concatenated code, Turbo-like code, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and repeat code.

[0271] In some embodiments, when the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the redundancy correction code includes at least a CRC code, where N is a positive integer.

[0272] In some embodiments, N is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal; or, The value of N is M*L, where M is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal and L is the scaling factor. The CRC check bit is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0273] In some embodiments, the first encoding is a forward error correction code (FEC) encoding.

[0274] In some embodiments, the modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, on / off keying (OOK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

[0275] In some embodiments, the at least one encoding includes a second encoding, wherein the second encoding is an encoding performed after the first encoding, and the second encoding is used to implement digital-to-analog conversion.

[0276] In some embodiments, the second encoding is one of the following: inverse non-return-to-zero encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, differential biphase encoding, differential encoding, pulse interval encoding, and bidirectional spatial encoding.

[0277] In some embodiments, the modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation.

[0278] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a CRC check bit, which is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0279] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are interleaved.

[0280] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices may use different interleaving methods, or different zero-power devices may use the same interleaving method.

[0281] In some embodiments, where different zero-power devices use different interleaving processing methods, the interleaving processing method used by the zero-power device is determined based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0282] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are punctured; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position, and / or, no modulation symbol is transmitted on the time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources of the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position; or, The data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are fixed to a first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal is fixed to a first target value, or the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are not modulated.

[0283] In some embodiments, the data bits are punched at different locations in different zero-power devices.

[0284] In some embodiments, the data bit puncture position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0285] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents a punch and the second value represents no punch.

[0286] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits; or, The unselected data bits in the first signal are fixed to the first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the unselected data bits in the first signal is fixed to the first target value, or the unselected data bits in the first signal are not modulated.

[0287] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different data bits.

[0288] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0289] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents no selection and the second value represents selection.

[0290] In some embodiments, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with S data bits, where S is a positive integer.

[0291] In some embodiments, when S=1, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to data bit processing; or, When S > 1 and the S data bits are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the data bit processing.

[0292] In some embodiments, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal are punched; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol at the punched position, and / or, the modulation symbol at the punched position is not transmitted in the time domain and / or frequency domain resources; or, The modulation symbol at the punch position in the first signal is fixed to the second target value.

[0293] In some embodiments, the positions of the modulation symbols punched in different zero-power devices are different.

[0294] In some embodiments, the punch position of the modulation symbol corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0295] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents a punch and the second value represents no punch.

[0296] In some embodiments, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein, The first signal does not include unselected modulation symbols, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the unselected modulation symbols; or, The unselected modulation symbol in the first signal is fixed as the second target value.

[0297] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different modulation symbols.

[0298] In some embodiments, the modulation symbol in the first signal is selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0299] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents no selection and the second value represents selection.

[0300] In some embodiments, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with W modulation symbols, where W is a positive integer.

[0301] In some embodiments, when W=1, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to modulation symbol processing; or, When W > 1 and the W modulation symbols are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the modulation symbol processing.

[0302] In some embodiments, the number or proportion of the first or second value in the data transmission pattern does not exceed a first threshold.

[0303] In some embodiments, the first threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0304] In some embodiments, before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the communication unit 310 is also used to send a first sequence; The first sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0305] In some embodiments, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the first sequence.

[0306] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the first sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0307] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information, the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence.

[0308] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is obtained by extending an initial data transmission pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0309] In some embodiments, the initial data transmission pattern is defined by a protocol, or the initial data transmission pattern is configured by the network.

[0310] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is configured or indicated by the network device; or... This data transmission pattern is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by the network device; or, The data transmission pattern is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; or, The data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern among a set of preset data transmission patterns; or, The data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern from the target data transmission pattern set in a preset set of multiple data transmission pattern sets; or, The data transmission pattern is determined based on a first sequence associated with the data transmission pattern.

[0311] In some embodiments, when the data transmission pattern is a target data transmission pattern among a plurality of preset data transmission patterns, the target data transmission pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; When the data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern in the target data transmission pattern set of a preset set of multiple data transmission pattern sets, the target data transmission pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target data transmission pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device. Alternatively, the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, or the cell identifier.

[0312] In some embodiments, where the data transmission pattern is determined based on a first sequence associated with the data transmission pattern, the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is configured or indicated by a network device.

[0313] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone perforation processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on time-domain resources at the punched location are carried over to the next unpunched time-domain resource for transmission.

[0314] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource punch locations differ for different zero-power devices.

[0315] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource punch position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0316] In some embodiments, the temporal resource pattern is a sequence of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value represents punched holes and the fourth value represents no punched holes.

[0317] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on unselected time-domain resources; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources are carried over to the next selected time-domain resource.

[0318] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different time-domain resources.

[0319] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources corresponding to the first signal are selected based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0320] In some embodiments, the temporal resource pattern is a sequence of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value indicates no selection and the fourth value indicates selection.

[0321] In some embodiments, each value in the time-domain resource pattern is associated with K time-domain resources, where K is a positive integer.

[0322] In some embodiments, when K=1, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing; or, When K > 1 and the K time-domain resources are consecutive, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing.

[0323] In some embodiments, the number or proportion of the third or fourth value in the time-domain resource pattern does not exceed a second threshold.

[0324] In some embodiments, the second threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, TBS, and data encoding method.

[0325] In some embodiments, the granularity of the time-domain resource is one of the following: time slot, symbol.

[0326] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource is the time-domain resource *R of a modulated single symbol, where R is a positive integer.

[0327] In some embodiments, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are scheduled and indicated by the network device, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are agreed upon by the protocol, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are obtained by frequency domain offset of the time-frequency resources occupied by the incoming wave signal corresponding to the first signal.

[0328] In some embodiments, before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the communication unit 310 is also used to send a second sequence; The second sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, the data control information corresponding to the first signal, and the indication information of the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0329] In some embodiments, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the second sequence.

[0330] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the second sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0331] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information, the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence.

[0332] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is obtained by extending an initial time-domain resource pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0333] In some embodiments, the initial time-domain resource pattern is agreed upon by a protocol, or the initial time-domain resource pattern is configured by the network.

[0334] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is configured or indicated by a network device; or, This time-domain resource map is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by network devices; or, The time-domain resource map is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern among a set of preset time-domain resource patterns; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern in the target time-domain resource pattern set from a preset set of multiple time-domain resource pattern sets; or, The time-domain resource map is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource map.

[0335] In some embodiments, when the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern among a plurality of preset time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; When the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern in a set of preset time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target time-domain resource pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device. Alternatively, the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, or the cell identifier.

[0336] In some embodiments, where the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource pattern, the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is configured or indicated by a network device.

[0337] In some embodiments, the first signal is a backscattered signal, or the first signal is a signal actively transmitted by the zero-power device.

[0338] In some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or system-on-a-chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0339] It should be understood that the zero-power device 300 according to the embodiments of this application may correspond to the zero-power device in the method embodiments of this application, and the above and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the zero-power device 300 are respectively for implementing Figure 15 The corresponding process for the zero-power device in method 200 shown will not be elaborated here for the sake of brevity.

[0340] Figure 30 A schematic block diagram of a communication device 400 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 30 As shown, the communication device 400 includes: Communication unit 410 is used to receive a first signal sent by a zero-power device; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the communication device to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

[0341] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a redundant error-correcting code with error-correcting capabilities.

[0342] In some embodiments, the redundancy correction code includes at least one of the following: block code, convolutional code, concatenated code, Turbo-like code, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and repeat code.

[0343] In some embodiments, when the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the redundancy correction code includes at least a CRC code, where N is a positive integer.

[0344] In some embodiments, N is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal; or, The value of N is M*L, where M is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal and L is the scaling factor. The CRC check bit is used by the communication device to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0345] In some embodiments, the first encoding is a forward error correction code (FEC) encoding.

[0346] In some embodiments, the modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, on / off keying (OOK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

[0347] In some embodiments, the at least one encoding includes a second encoding, wherein the second encoding is an encoding performed after the first encoding, and the second encoding is used to implement digital-to-analog conversion.

[0348] In some embodiments, the second encoding is one of the following: inverse non-return-to-zero encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, differential biphase encoding, differential encoding, pulse interval encoding, and bidirectional spatial encoding.

[0349] In some embodiments, the modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation.

[0350] In some embodiments, the first signal includes a CRC check bit, which is used by the communication device to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

[0351] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are interleaved.

[0352] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices may use different interleaving methods, or different zero-power devices may use the same interleaving method.

[0353] In some embodiments, where different zero-power devices use different interleaving processing methods, the interleaving processing method used by the zero-power device is determined based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0354] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are punctured; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position, and / or, no modulation symbol is transmitted on the time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources of the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bit at the punctured position; or, The data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are fixed to a first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal is fixed to a first target value, or the data bits at the puncture position in the first signal are not modulated.

[0355] In some embodiments, the data bits are punched at different locations in different zero-power devices.

[0356] In some embodiments, the data bit puncture position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0357] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents a punch and the second value represents no punch.

[0358] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the modulation symbols corresponding to the unselected data bits; or, The unselected data bits in the first signal are fixed to the first target value, or the modulation symbol corresponding to the unselected data bits in the first signal is fixed to the first target value, or the unselected data bits in the first signal are not modulated.

[0359] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different data bits.

[0360] In some embodiments, the data bits carried by the first signal before modulation are selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0361] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents no selection and the second value represents selection.

[0362] In some embodiments, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with S data bits, where S is a positive integer.

[0363] In some embodiments, when S=1, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to data bit processing; or, When S > 1 and the S data bits are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the data bit processing.

[0364] In some embodiments, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal are punched; wherein, The first signal does not include the modulation symbol at the punched position, and / or, the modulation symbol at the punched position is not transmitted in the time domain and / or frequency domain resources; or, The modulation symbol at the punch position in the first signal is fixed to the second target value.

[0365] In some embodiments, the positions of the modulation symbols punched in different zero-power devices are different.

[0366] In some embodiments, the punch position of the modulation symbol corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0367] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents a punch and the second value represents no punch.

[0368] In some embodiments, the modulation symbols carried by the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein, The first signal does not include unselected modulation symbols, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the unselected modulation symbols; or, The unselected modulation symbol in the first signal is fixed as the second target value.

[0369] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different modulation symbols.

[0370] In some embodiments, the modulation symbol in the first signal is selected based on the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0371] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is a sequence of a first value and a second value, wherein the first value represents no selection and the second value represents selection.

[0372] In some embodiments, each value in the data transmission pattern is associated with W modulation symbols, where W is a positive integer.

[0373] In some embodiments, when W=1, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to modulation symbol processing; or, When W > 1 and the W modulation symbols are consecutive, the data transmission pattern is periodically applied to the modulation symbol processing.

[0374] In some embodiments, the number or proportion of the first or second value in the data transmission pattern does not exceed a first threshold.

[0375] In some embodiments, the first threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0376] In some embodiments, before the communication device receives the first signal, the communication unit 410 is also configured to receive the first sequence sent by the zero-power device; The first sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0377] In some embodiments, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the first sequence.

[0378] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the first sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0379] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information, the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence.

[0380] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is obtained by extending an initial data transmission pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0381] In some embodiments, the initial data transmission pattern is defined by a protocol, or the initial data transmission pattern is configured by the network.

[0382] In some embodiments, the data transmission pattern is configured or indicated by the network device; or... This data transmission pattern is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by the network device; or, The data transmission pattern is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; or, The data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern among a set of preset data transmission patterns; or, The data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern from the target data transmission pattern set in a preset set of multiple data transmission pattern sets; or, The data transmission pattern is determined based on a first sequence associated with the data transmission pattern.

[0383] In some embodiments, when the data transmission pattern is a target data transmission pattern among a plurality of preset data transmission patterns, the target data transmission pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; When the data transmission pattern is the target data transmission pattern in the target data transmission pattern set of a preset set of multiple data transmission pattern sets, the target data transmission pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target data transmission pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device. Alternatively, the target data transmission pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, or the cell identifier.

[0384] In some embodiments, where the data transmission pattern is determined based on a first sequence associated with the data transmission pattern, the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the data transmission pattern and the first sequence is configured or indicated by a network device.

[0385] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone perforation processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on time-domain resources at the punched location are carried over to the next unpunched time-domain resource for transmission.

[0386] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource punch locations differ for different zero-power devices.

[0387] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource punch position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0388] In some embodiments, the temporal resource pattern is a sequence of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value represents punched holes and the fourth value represents no punched holes.

[0389] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone selection processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on unselected time-domain resources; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on unselected time-domain resources are carried over to the next selected time-domain resource.

[0390] In some embodiments, different zero-power devices select different time-domain resources.

[0391] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources corresponding to the first signal are selected based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0392] In some embodiments, the temporal resource pattern is a sequence of a third value and a fourth value, wherein the third value indicates no selection and the fourth value indicates selection.

[0393] In some embodiments, each value in the time-domain resource pattern is associated with K time-domain resources, where K is a positive integer.

[0394] In some embodiments, when K=1, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing; or, When K > 1 and the K time-domain resources are consecutive, the time-domain resource pattern is periodically applied to time-domain resource processing.

[0395] In some embodiments, the number or proportion of the third or fourth value in the time-domain resource pattern does not exceed a second threshold.

[0396] In some embodiments, the second threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: data transmission rate, TBS, and data encoding method.

[0397] In some embodiments, the granularity of the time-domain resource is one of the following: time slot, symbol.

[0398] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource is the time-domain resource *R of a modulated single symbol, where R is a positive integer.

[0399] In some embodiments, the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are scheduled and indicated by the network device, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are agreed upon by the protocol, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are obtained by frequency domain offset of the time-frequency resources occupied by the incoming wave signal corresponding to the first signal.

[0400] In some embodiments, before the communication device receives the first signal, the communication unit 410 is also used to receive the second sequence sent by the zero-power device; The second sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, the data control information corresponding to the first signal, and the indication information of the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

[0401] In some embodiments, the CRC check bits in the first signal are scrambled based on some or all of the information in the second sequence.

[0402] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access procedure, or the second sequence is a sequence carrying information related to the zero-power device.

[0403] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on at least one of the following: scheduling information, data control information, the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, the cell identifier, and a pre-transmitted sequence.

[0404] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is obtained by extending an initial time-domain resource pattern based on at least one of the following: Data transmission bitrate, transport block size (TBS), and data encoding method.

[0405] In some embodiments, the initial time-domain resource pattern is agreed upon by a protocol, or the initial time-domain resource pattern is configured by the network.

[0406] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource pattern is configured or indicated by a network device; or, This time-domain resource map is generated based on parameters configured or indicated by network devices; or, The time-domain resource map is generated by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern among a set of preset time-domain resource patterns; or, The time-domain resource pattern is the target time-domain resource pattern in the target time-domain resource pattern set from a preset set of multiple time-domain resource pattern sets; or, The time-domain resource map is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource map.

[0407] In some embodiments, when the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern among a plurality of preset time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern is indicated by a network device, or the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, and the cell identifier; When the time-domain resource pattern is a target time-domain resource pattern in a set of preset time-domain resource patterns, the target time-domain resource pattern set is indicated by the network device, and the target time-domain resource pattern is randomly selected by the zero-power device. Alternatively, the target time-domain resource pattern is determined by the zero-power device based on at least one of the following: the identifier of the zero-power device, the group identifier to which the zero-power device belongs, or the cell identifier.

[0408] In some embodiments, where the time-domain resource pattern is determined based on a second sequence associated with the time-domain resource pattern, the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is agreed upon by a protocol, or the association between the time-domain resource pattern and the second sequence is configured or indicated by a network device.

[0409] In some embodiments, the first signal is a backscattered signal, or the first signal is a signal actively transmitted by the zero-power device.

[0410] In some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or system-on-a-chip. The processing unit may be one or more processors.

[0411] It should be understood that the communication device 400 according to the embodiments of this application may correspond to the communication device in the method embodiments of this application, and the above and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the communication device 400 are respectively for implementing Figure 15 The corresponding process of the communication device in method 200 shown will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0412] Figure 31 This is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 500 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 31 The communication device 500 shown includes a processor 510, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0413] In some embodiments, such as Figure 31 As shown, the communication device 500 may further include a memory 520. The processor 510 can retrieve and run computer programs from the memory 520 to implement the methods described in this embodiment.

[0414] The memory 520 can be a separate device independent of the processor 510, or it can be integrated into the processor 510.

[0415] In some embodiments, such as Figure 31As shown, the communication device 500 may also include a transceiver 530, and the processor 510 may control the transceiver 530 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0416] The transceiver 530 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 530 may further include antennas, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0417] In some embodiments, the processor 510 may implement the functions of the processing unit in the zero-power device, or the processor 510 may implement the functions of the processing unit in the communication device 400. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0418] In some embodiments, transceiver 530 can perform the functions of a communication unit in a zero-power device, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of simplicity.

[0419] In some embodiments, the transceiver 530 can perform the functions of the communication unit in the communication device 400, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.

[0420] In some embodiments, the communication device 500 may specifically be the communication device of the present application embodiment, and the communication device 500 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device in the various methods of the present application embodiment. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0421] In some embodiments, the communication device 500 may specifically be a zero-power device in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 500 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0422] Figure 32 This is a schematic structural diagram of the device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 32 The illustrated device 600 includes a processor 610, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0423] In some embodiments, such as Figure 32 As shown, the device 600 may further include a memory 620. The processor 610 can retrieve and run computer programs from the memory 620 to implement the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0424] The memory 620 can be a separate device independent of the processor 610, or it can be integrated into the processor 610.

[0425] In some embodiments, the processor 610 may implement the functions of the processing unit in a zero-power device, or the processor 610 may implement the functions of the processing unit in the communication device 400. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0426] In some embodiments, the device 600 may further include an input interface 630. The processor 610 can control the input interface 630 to communicate with other devices or chips; specifically, it can acquire information or data sent by other devices or chips. Optionally, the processor 610 may be located inside or outside the chip.

[0427] In some embodiments, the input interface 630 can implement the function of a communication unit in a zero-power device, or the input interface 630 can implement the function of a communication unit in a communication device 400.

[0428] In some embodiments, the device 600 may further include an output interface 640. The processor 610 can control the output interface 640 to communicate with other devices or chips; specifically, it can output information or data to other devices or chips. Optionally, the processor 610 may be located inside or outside the chip.

[0429] In some embodiments, the output interface 640 can implement the function of a communication unit in a zero-power device, or the output interface 640 can implement the function of a communication unit in a communication device.

[0430] In some embodiments, the device can be applied to the communication device in the embodiments of this application, and the device can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0431] In some embodiments, the device can be applied to the zero-power device in the embodiments of this application, and the device can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0432] In some embodiments, the apparatus mentioned in the present application may also be a chip. For example, it may be a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-chip, a chip system, or a system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0433] Figure 33 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 700 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 33 As shown, the communication system 700 includes a zero-power device 710 and a communication device 720.

[0434] The zero-power device 710 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the zero-power device in the above method, and the communication device 720 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the communication device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, these will not be elaborated here.

[0435] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor described above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0436] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0437] It should be understood that the above-described memory is exemplary and not a limiting description. For example, the memory in the embodiments of this application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM), etc. That is to say, the memory in the embodiments of this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0438] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.

[0439] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be applied to the communication device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0440] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be applied to the zero-power device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0441] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0442] In some embodiments, the computer program product can be applied to the communication device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0443] In some embodiments, the computer program product can be applied to the zero-power device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0444] This application also provides a computer program.

[0445] In some embodiments, the computer program can be applied to the communication device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the communication device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0446] In some embodiments, the computer program can be applied to the zero-power device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the zero-power device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0447] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0448] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0449] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0450] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0451] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0452] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0453] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication, characterized in that, include: The zero-power device sends the first signal; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the receiving end to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal includes redundant error-correcting codes with error-correcting capabilities. The redundancy correction code includes at least one of the following: block code, convolutional code, concatenated code, Turbo-like code, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and repeat code.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, If the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the redundancy correction code includes at least a CRC code, where N is a positive integer. The value of N is the length of the CRC checksum bits in the first signal; or... The value of N is M*L, where M is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal and L is the scaling factor. The CRC check bit is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first encoding is a forward error correction code (FEC) encoding.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, on-off keying (OOK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The at least one encoding includes a second encoding, wherein the second encoding is performed after the first encoding, and the second encoding is used to implement digital-to-analog conversion. The second encoding is one of the following: inverted non-return-to-zero encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, differential biphase encoding, differential encoding, pulse interval encoding, and bidirectional spatial encoding.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first signal includes a CRC check bit, which is used by the receiving end to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the method further includes: The zero-power device sends a first sequence; The first sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The first sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access process, or the first sequence is a sequence carrying relevant information about the zero-power device.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone perforation processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on time-domain resources at the punched location are carried over to the next unpunched time-domain resource for transmission.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The time-domain resource punch position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that, The time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are scheduled and indicated by the network device, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are agreed upon by the protocol, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are obtained by frequency domain offset of the time-frequency resources occupied by the incoming wave signal corresponding to the first signal.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 11 to 13, characterized in that, Before the zero-power device sends the first signal, the method further includes: The zero-power device sends a second sequence; The second sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

15. The method as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The second sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access process, or the second sequence is a sequence carrying relevant information about the zero-power device.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The first signal is a backscattered signal, or the first signal is a signal actively emitted by the zero-power device.

17. A method for wireless communication, characterized in that, include: The communication device receives the first signal sent by the zero-power device; The first signal undergoes at least one encoding process, including a first encoding, which is used by the communication device to correct errors that occur in the first signal during transmission.

18. The method as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The first signal includes redundant error-correcting codes with error-correcting capabilities. The redundancy correction code includes at least one of the following: block code, convolutional code, concatenated code, Turbo-like code, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and repeat code.

19. The method as described in claim 18, characterized in that, If the bit length of the first signal before the first encoding process is less than or equal to N, the redundancy correction code includes at least a CRC code, where N is a positive integer. The value of N is the length of the CRC checksum bits in the first signal; or... The value of N is M*L, where M is the length of the CRC check bits in the first signal and L is the scaling factor. The CRC check bit is used by the communication device to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that, The first encoding is a forward error correction code (FEC) encoding.

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, on-off keying (OOK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The at least one encoding includes a second encoding, wherein the second encoding is performed after the first encoding, and the second encoding is used to implement digital-to-analog conversion. The second encoding is one of the following: inverted non-return-to-zero encoding, unipolar return-to-zero encoding, Manchester encoding, Miller encoding, differential biphase encoding, differential encoding, pulse interval encoding, and bidirectional spatial encoding.

23. The method as described in claim 22, characterized in that, The modulation method of the first signal is one of the following: ASK modulation, OOK modulation.

24. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that, The first signal includes a CRC check bit, which is used by the communication device to determine whether the first signal has been successfully received.

25. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that, Before the communication device receives the first signal, the method further includes: The communication device receives a first sequence sent by the zero-power device; The first sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the data transmission pattern corresponding to the first signal.

26. The method as described in claim 25, characterized in that, The first sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access process, or the first sequence is a sequence carrying relevant information about the zero-power device.

27. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that, The time-domain resources in the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal have undergone perforation processing; wherein, The first signal does not include modulation symbols transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location, and / or, no modulation symbols are transmitted on the time-domain resources at the punch location; or, Modulation symbols transmitted on time-domain resources at the punched location are carried over to the next unpunched time-domain resource for transmission.

28. The method as described in claim 27, characterized in that, The time-domain resource punch position corresponding to the first signal is determined based on the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

29. The method according to any one of claims 27 to 28, characterized in that, The time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are scheduled and indicated by the network device, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are agreed upon by the protocol, or the time-frequency resources corresponding to the first signal are obtained by frequency domain offset of the time-frequency resources occupied by the incoming wave signal corresponding to the first signal.

30. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, 27 to 29, characterized in that, Before the communication device receives the first signal, the method further includes: The communication device receives a second sequence sent by the zero-power device; The second sequence includes at least one of the following: part or all of the identity information of the zero-power device, data control information corresponding to the first signal, and indication information of the time-domain resource pattern corresponding to the first signal.

31. The method as described in claim 30, characterized in that, The second sequence is a preamble sequence used in the access process, or the second sequence is a sequence carrying relevant information about the zero-power device.

32. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 31, characterized in that, The first signal is a backscattered signal, or the first signal is a signal actively emitted by the zero-power device.

33. A zero-power device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, the memory for storing a computer program, the processor for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory, causing the zero-power device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

34. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, the memory for storing a computer program, the processor for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory, causing the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 17 to 32.

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