A data acquisition and transmission integrated structure and method suitable for a strong electromagnetic interference environment

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated structure and method for data acquisition and transmission suitable for environments with strong electromagnetic interference, belonging to the field of high-speed data acquisition and communication technology. Addressing the problems of signal susceptibility to interference, low acquisition accuracy, and unstable transmission in complex electromagnetic environments such as nuclear fusion devices, a multi-level anti-interference data acquisition and transmission scheme is proposed. The structure includes an input impedance adaptive module, an isolation amplification module, a differential signal conversion module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a digital signal processing module, an opto-isolation triggering module, and a fiber-optic-based 10 Gigabit Ethernet transmission module. Anti-interference is achieved at the analog front end through input impedance matching and isolation amplification; signal stability is improved through differential transmission and FPGA processing; and physical layer electromagnetic isolation is achieved using opto-isolation and fiber optic links. Furthermore, data packet verification and status reset mechanisms enhance data transmission reliability. This invention can achieve high-precision signal acquisition and high-speed stable transmission in strong electromagnetic environments, possessing excellent real-time performance and engineering application value.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed data acquisition and communication technology, and is applicable to high-reliability data acquisition and long-distance high-speed transmission in scenarios such as nuclear fusion devices, power system transient detection, and high-energy physics experiments. Background Technology

[0002] In nuclear fusion devices and strong electromagnetic industrial environments, the presence of high-power pulse currents, strong magnetic field changes, and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation makes signal acquisition systems highly susceptible to severe interference, leading to signal distortion, triggering abnormalities, and unstable data transmission.

[0003] In existing technologies, data acquisition systems typically adopt a separate structure, where the analog front-end, data processing, and transmission modules are designed independently. This approach has the following drawbacks:

[0004] (1) Insufficient front-end anti-interference capability: Input signals are usually accessed through a single-ended method without effective impedance matching and electrical isolation, making them susceptible to ground loops, electromagnetic coupling, etc., which leads to a decrease in signal quality;

[0005] (2) Trigger signals are susceptible to interference. Trigger links mostly use electrical connection, which can easily cause false triggering or trigger loss in strong electromagnetic environments, affecting the synchronization of data acquisition.

[0006] (3) Poor stability of data transmission link: Traditional copper cable transmission is easily affected by induced interference in strong electromagnetic environment, which leads to increased bit error rate or even communication interruption;

[0007] (4) Lack of system-level anti-interference design: Existing solutions are mostly focused on single module optimization and lack an overall anti-interference design mechanism from "signal input - acquisition - processing - transmission", which makes it difficult to meet the high reliability requirements.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an integrated data acquisition and transmission structure with full-link anti-interference capability to improve the stability and reliability of the system in a strong electromagnetic environment. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated data acquisition and transmission structure suitable for environments with strong electromagnetic interference. Through multi-level anti-interference design, it achieves anti-interference optimization throughout the entire process from analog signal input to data transmission, thereby improving the system's acquisition accuracy and transmission reliability.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0011] This invention constructs a complete anti-interference link from the signal input end, data processing end to the data transmission end. Through multi-level measures such as input impedance matching, isolation amplification, differential transmission, and fiber optic communication, it effectively suppresses electromagnetic coupling interference and ground loop interference. Compared with existing solutions that only optimize a single link, the overall anti-interference capability is significantly improved. The overall structure of this invention is clear, and the functions of each module are well-defined, making it suitable for high-speed pipelined processing in hardware platforms such as FPGAs, and capable of meeting the real-time data acquisition and transmission requirements under high sampling rate conditions.

[0012] Specifically, the steps include the following:

[0013] S1: Design an input impedance adaptive module;

[0014] S2: Design an isolation amplification module;

[0015] S3: Design a differential signal conversion module;

[0016] S4: Design an analog-to-digital conversion module;

[0017] S5: Design a digital signal processing module;

[0018] S6: Design an opto-isolated trigger module;

[0019] S7: Design the fiber optic transmission module;

[0020] in:

[0021] The input impedance adaptive module is used to dynamically select the matching impedance according to the characteristics of the signal source, so as to reduce signal reflection and improve the integrity of the input signal;

[0022] The isolation amplification module is connected to the input impedance adaptive module to achieve electrical isolation between the input terminal and the subsequent circuit in the analog front end, thereby suppressing ground loop interference and electromagnetic coupling interference.

[0023] The differential signal conversion module is connected to the isolation amplifier module and is used to convert single-ended signals into differential signals. It also works in conjunction with the analog-to-digital conversion module to improve common-mode interference suppression capability.

[0024] The analog-to-digital conversion module is connected to the digital signal processing module and is used to convert analog signals into digital signals;

[0025] The digital signal processing module is used to cache the acquired data, perform cross-clock domain synchronization processing, and encapsulate the data.

[0026] The fiber optic transmission module is connected to the digital signal processing module and is used to transmit data to external devices through the fiber optic link in order to achieve physical isolation from electromagnetic interference.

[0027] The opto-isolated trigger module is used to isolate and transmit the trigger signal, so that the trigger signal is synchronized with the data acquisition link and is not affected by electromagnetic interference.

[0028] The above modules work together to form a full-link electromagnetic interference-resistant structure from analog signal input, acquisition and processing to optical fiber transmission.

[0029] According to the system described above, the characteristics are as follows:

[0030] The system achieves overall anti-interference capability through the following three-layer anti-interference mechanism:

[0031] (1) Analog front-end anti-interference: including impedance matching and isolation amplification;

[0032] (2) Digital processing anti-interference: including data buffering and cross-clock domain processing;

[0033] (3) Transmission link anti-interference: including opto-isolation triggering and fiber optic transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is an overall block diagram of the integrated data acquisition and transmission structure of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated data acquisition and transmission structure proposed in this invention includes an input impedance adaptive module, an isolation amplification module, a differential signal conversion module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a digital signal processing module, an opto-isolation triggering module, and an optical fiber transmission module.

[0038] In practice, the input analog signal first enters the input impedance adaptive module, which selects the matching impedance according to the sensor type. The signal then enters the isolation amplification module, where electrical isolation suppresses common-mode interference and ground loop interference.

[0039] The isolated and amplified signal enters the differential signal conversion module, where it is converted into a differential signal and input to the analog-to-digital converter module for high-speed sampling. The sampled data is buffered and processed across clock domains in the digital signal processing module, and then encapsulated.

[0040] The trigger signal is transmitted through an opto-isolation module to ensure that trigger synchronization is not affected by electromagnetic interference. The processed data is converted into an optical signal through an optical fiber transmission module and sent to the host computer via an optical fiber link, achieving high-speed and stable data transmission.

[0041] During data transmission, data integrity is checked using data packet sequence number and CRC check mechanism. When a communication abnormality is detected or a data acquisition is completed, the transmission module is reset to ensure stable system operation.

Claims

1. A data acquisition and transmission integrated system suitable for environments with strong electromagnetic interference, characterized in that, include: S1: Design an input impedance adaptive module; S2: Design an isolation amplification module; S3: Design a differential signal conversion module; S4: Design an analog-to-digital conversion module; S5: Design a digital signal processing module; S6: Design an opto-isolated trigger module; S7: Design the fiber optic transmission module; in: The input impedance adaptive module is used to dynamically select the matching impedance according to the characteristics of the signal source, so as to reduce signal reflection and improve the integrity of the input signal; The isolation amplification module is connected to the input impedance adaptive module to achieve electrical isolation between the input terminal and the subsequent circuit in the analog front end, thereby suppressing ground loop interference and electromagnetic coupling interference. The differential signal conversion module is connected to the isolation amplifier module and is used to convert single-ended signals into differential signals. It also works in conjunction with the analog-to-digital conversion module to improve common-mode interference suppression capability. The analog-to-digital conversion module is connected to the digital signal processing module and is used to convert analog signals into digital signals; The digital signal processing module is used to cache the acquired data, perform cross-clock domain synchronization processing, and encapsulate the data. The fiber optic transmission module is connected to the digital signal processing module and is used to transmit data to external devices through the fiber optic link in order to achieve physical isolation from electromagnetic interference. The opto-isolated trigger module is used to isolate and transmit the trigger signal, so that the trigger signal is synchronized with the data acquisition link and is not affected by electromagnetic interference. The above modules work together to form a full-link electromagnetic interference-resistant structure from analog signal input, acquisition and processing to optical fiber transmission.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system achieves overall anti-interference capability through the following three-layer anti-interference mechanism: (1) Analog front-end anti-interference: including impedance matching and isolation amplification; (2) Digital processing anti-interference: including data buffering and cross-clock domain processing; (3) Transmission link anti-interference: including opto-isolation triggering and fiber optic transmission.

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